Exodus 14 in the early church

367 passages quote, allude to, or echo Exodus 14, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31

Exodus 14:1

Then the LORD said to Moses,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:1–2Tractates on the Psalms 118.17.2 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, medium confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:1–21On the Life of Moses 309 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 14:1–31Sermon 4.9 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 14:1–2Exodus, lines 396–419 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Exodus 14:2

“Tell the Israelites to turn back and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea. You are to encamp by the sea, directly opposite Baal-zephon.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:2Homilies on Exodus 5.1 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:2Homilies on Exodus 5.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:2Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 7.4 · Egeriaallusion, high confidenceca. 381-395

Exodus 14:3

For Pharaoh will say of the Israelites, ‘They are wandering the land in confusion; the wilderness has boxed them in.’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:3Homilies on Exodus 5.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:3–12Exodus, lines 420–445 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Exodus 14:4

And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that he will pursue them. But I will gain honor by means of Pharaoh and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD.” So this is what the Israelites did.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:4On Grace and Free Will 23 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 426

Exodus 14:5

When the king of Egypt was told that the people had fled, Pharaoh and his officials changed their minds about them and said, “What have we done? We have released Israel from serving us.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:5–28Cento, lines 319–345 · Probaallusion, high confidenceca. 360
Exod 14:5Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.13 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418

Exodus 14:6

So Pharaoh prepared his chariot and took his army with him.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:6–9Part 1, chapter 37 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

Exodus 14:7

He took 600 of the best chariots, and all the other chariots of Egypt, with officers over all of them.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:7Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 287 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Exod 14:7Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:7Letters 190, 191 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 357–378
Exod 14:7On the Life of Moses 361 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, medium confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 14:7Sermon 363.2 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 14:7Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.14 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418

Exodus 14:8

And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:8Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Exodus 14:9

The Egyptians—all Pharaoh’s horses and chariots, horsemen and troops—pursued the Israelites and overtook them as they camped by the sea near Pi-hahiroth, opposite Baal-zephon.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:9Homilies on Joshua 15.3 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:9Homilies on Numbers 1.2 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:9Homilies on Numbers 27.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:9Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.150 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Exod 14:9Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.35 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:9Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:9–15Tractates on the Psalms 118.19.2 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:9–29Tractates 2.57.1 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, high confidenceca. 362-380
Exod 14:9Exposition of Psalm 118 2.33.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:9Exposition of Psalm 118 19.10.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:9Commentary on Jeremiah 1.75 · Jeromeecho, low confidenceca. 414-419

Exodus 14:10

As Pharaoh approached, the Israelites looked up and saw the Egyptians marching after them, and they were terrified and cried out to the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:10Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:10–31Oration to the Assembly of the Saints 16.2 · Constantine the Greatallusion, medium confidenceca. 325 (dated variously 317–325)
Exod 14:10Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 7.4 · Egeriaallusion, high confidenceca. 381-395
Exod 14:10–15On the Life of Moses 359 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 14:10Hexameron (Exameron) 5.89 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-390

Exodus 14:11

They said to Moses, “Was it because there were no graves in Egypt that you brought us into the wilderness to die? What have you done to us by bringing us out of Egypt?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:11–125 Ezra 1.18 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence2nd–3rd century
Exod 14:11Commentary on John 6.229 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Exod 14:11Homilies on Exodus 5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:11–14To Fortunatus 7 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence253 or 257
Exod 14:11Exposition of Psalm 118 19.10.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397

Exodus 14:12

Did we not say to you in Egypt, ‘Leave us alone so that we may serve the Egyptians’? For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:12Homilies on Exodus 5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:12Demonstration 19.1 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Exod 14:12Exposition of Psalm 118 19.10.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:12–14Exodus, lines 446–467 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Exodus 14:13

But Moses told the people, “Do not be afraid. Stand firm and you will see the LORD’s salvation, which He will accomplish for you today; for the Egyptians you see today, you will never see again.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:13–15On the Life of Moses 361 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395

Exodus 14:14

The LORD will fight for you; you need only to be still.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:14Homilies on Exodus 11.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:14Homilies on Judges 6.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:14Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:14Against Celsus 8.69 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Exod 14:14Letter 78.7 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Exod 14:14Letters 38.4 · Paulinus of Nolaquotation, high confidenceca. 394–413

Exodus 14:15

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Why are you crying out to Me? Tell the Israelites to go forward.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:15Miscellanies 7.7.39 · Clement of Alexandriaecho, low confidenceca. 198–203
Exod 14:15PG 12:1141 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Exod 14:15PG 12:1615 (Ps 118 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Exod 14:15Commentary on John 6.101 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Exod 14:15Homilies on Exodus 5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:15Homilies on the Psalms 114.2 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-378
Exod 14:15Tractates on the Psalms 118.19.2 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:15Tractates on the Psalms 140.1 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:15Oration 16.4 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:15On the Duties of the Clergy 1.41 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
Exod 14:15Exposition of Psalm 118 17.9.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:15Exposition of Psalm 118 19.9.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:15Exposition of Psalm 118 19.10.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:15Exposition of Psalm 118 19.10.3 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:15Homilies on Matthew 19.3 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Exod 14:15Explanation of Twelve Psalms 38.7.3 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:15Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.41.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:15–18Part 1, chapter 38 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Exodus 14:16

And as for you, lift up your staff and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it, so that the Israelites can go through the sea on dry ground.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:16Dialogue with Trypho 86.1 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160
Exod 14:16Dialogue with Trypho 138.2 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160
Exod 14:16Commentary on Daniel 2.19 · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, high confidenceca. 202-204
Exod 14:16Homilies on Exodus 5.5 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:16Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.36 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:16Catechetical Lecture 13.20 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, high confidenceca. 350
Exod 14:16Treatise on the Mysteries 1.35.2 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–366
Exod 14:16Oration 32.16 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:16Homilies on Matthew 28.2 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Exod 14:16Poem 26, lines 130–161 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:16On Catechizing the Uninstructed 20 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 399–405
Exod 14:16–22Against Five Heresies 2 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 437-450

Exodus 14:19

And the angel of God, who had gone before the camp of Israel, withdrew and went behind them. The pillar of cloud also moved from before them and stood behind them,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:19Homilies on Exodus 5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:19To Quirinus 2.5 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Exod 14:19Prophetic Extracts 1.10 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Exod 14:19Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:19Demonstration of the Gospel 5.11.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Exod 14:19Tractates 2.56.1 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, high confidenceca. 362-380
Exod 14:19–22Tractates 2.58.1 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, high confidenceca. 362-380
Exod 14:19–28On the Life of Moses 361 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 14:19–29Homily 3 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 390–394
Exod 14:19–25Exodus, lines 468–492 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Exodus 14:20

so that it came between the camps of Egypt and Israel. The cloud was there in the darkness, but it lit up the night. So all night long neither camp went near the other.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:20Homilies on Exodus 5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:20Prophetic Extracts 1.10 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Exod 14:20Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 12 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidence380
Exod 14:20On the Governance of God 1.41 · Salvian of Marseillesallusion, high confidenceca. 439-451

Exodus 14:21

Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and all that night the LORD drove back the sea with a strong east wind that turned it into dry land. So the waters were divided,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:21–225 Ezra 1.13 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence2nd–3rd century
Exod 14:21Dialogue with Trypho 131.3 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160
Exod 14:21–22On Pascha 84 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardisallusion, medium confidenceca. 160-180
Exod 14:21–22On Pascha 88 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardisallusion, medium confidenceca. 160-180
Exod 14:21Against Heresies 4.29.2 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, medium confidenceca. 180–190
Exod 14:21Prophetic Extracts 6.1 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 200
Exod 14:21Didascalia 6.16 (Latin) · Anonymousallusion, high confidencefirst half of the third century
Exod 14:21–29Against Marcion 4.20 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Exod 14:21PG 12:1495 (Ps 65 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Exod 14:21On the Witch of Endor 9 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240
Exod 14:21Homilies on Exodus 5.5 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:21Homilies on Judges 1.5 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:21–22On the Shows 10 · Novatianallusion, high confidencemid-3rd cent. (disputed)
Exod 14:21Acta Archelai (Latin) 50 · Hegemoniusallusion, high confidenceearly to mid 4th century (Greek original)
Exod 14:21Recognitions 1.34 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceGreek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407
Exod 14:21Divine Institutes 4.10.7 · Lactantiusallusion, high confidenceca. 303–311
Exod 14:21Divine Institutes 7.15.2 · Lactantiusallusion, high confidenceca. 303–311
Exod 14:21Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.36 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:21Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:21–22Demonstration of the Gospel 3.2.15 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Exod 14:21Demonstration of the Gospel 3.2.18 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Exod 14:21–22Oration to the Assembly of the Saints 15.4 · Constantine the Greatecho, low confidenceca. 325 (dated variously 317–325)
Exod 14:218 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence4th–5th century
Exod 14:21Demonstration 4.1 · Aphrahatallusion, medium confidence337-345
Exod 14:21Demonstration 4.7 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Exod 14:21–22Demonstration 12.6 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Exod 14:21–22Demonstration 12.10 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Exod 14:21–30Catechetical Lecture 3.6 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, high confidenceca. 350
Exod 14:21Catechetical Lecture 12.22 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, high confidenceca. 350
Exod 14:21On the Trinity 6.20 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 356–360
Exod 14:21–29Tractates on the Psalms 65.10 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:21–22Tractates on the Psalms 118.18.8 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:21Tractates on the Psalms 134.25 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:21Tractates on the Psalms 135.14 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:21Oration 4.15 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:21Oration 6.17 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:21Oration 13.2 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:21Oration 15.5 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:21Oration 24.3 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:21Oration 43.7 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:21Oration 43.54 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:21Oration 45.20 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:21–28Tractates 2.54.1 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, high confidenceca. 362-380
Exod 14:21–29Tractates 2.59.1 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, high confidenceca. 362-380
Exod 14:21On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.2 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 370
Exod 14:21On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.16 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 370
Exod 14:21Question 127, section 13 · Ambrosiasterallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–384
Exod 14:21Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.17 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, medium confidence374-377
Exod 14:21Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.69.1 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, high confidence374-377
Exod 14:21–28Apostolic Constitutions 6.2.7 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Exod 14:21–28Apostolic Constitutions 6.20.6 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Exod 14:21–22Apostolic Constitutions 7.36.3 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Exod 14:21On the Christian Faith 2.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 378–380
Exod 14:21Eleven Tractates 4.80 · Priscillianallusion, high confidenceca. 380–385
Exod 14:21Second Apology of David 24 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 384-397
Exod 14:21Catechetical Oration 23 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, medium confidenceca. 385–390
Exod 14:21–31On the Life of Moses 311 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 14:21–29On the Life of Moses 425 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 14:21On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.41 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 386-390
Exod 14:21Exposition of Psalm 118 18.29.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:21Homilies on Matthew 56.2 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Exod 14:21Hexameron (Exameron) 2.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Exod 14:21–22Hexameron (Exameron) 2.11 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Exod 14:21–28Hexameron (Exameron) 3.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Exod 14:21Hexameron (Exameron) 3.9 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Exod 14:21On the Mysteries 9 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387–391
Exod 14:21Explanation of Twelve Psalms 38.3.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:21Explanation of Twelve Psalms 39.7.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:21Explanation of Twelve Psalms 45.2.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:21–28Homily 12 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 390–394
Exod 14:21–29Sermon 342.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 14:21–22Sermon 352.3 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 14:21–31Against Jovinianus 2.18 · Jeromeallusion, high confidence393
Exod 14:21Poem 22, lines 96–125 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:21Poem 26, lines 227–254 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:21Poem 26, lines 346–378 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:21Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.79 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 398–400
Exod 14:21–28Tractates 7 · Gaudentius of Bresciaallusion, high confidenceca. 397-410
Exod 14:21–28Tractates 10 · Gaudentius of Bresciaallusion, high confidenceca. 397-410
Exod 14:21On Catechizing the Uninstructed 20 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 399–405
Exod 14:21–31Verses to the Grace of the Lord 91–120 · Pomponiusallusion, medium confidence5th century(?)
Exod 14:21Tractates on the Gospel of John 91.2 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 14:21City of God 4.34 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence413–426
Exod 14:21–28City of God 16.43 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence413–426
Exod 14:21–28Commentary on Jeremiah 6.38 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 414-419
Exod 14:21–22Apologetic Book 9.6 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 415–416
Exod 14:21Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.15 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 14:21–28Book 3, lines 506–530 · Claudius Marius Victorecho, medium confidenceca. 425-430
Exod 14:21–22Sermon 43 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
Exod 14:21–22Sermon 50 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
Exod 14:21–29Sermon 66 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
Exod 14:21–29Sermon 68 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
Exod 14:21–22Book 1, lines 116–140 · Seduliusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
Exod 14:21–22Book 1, section 9 · Seduliusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
Exod 14:21–22In Praise of the Desert 9 · Eucherius of Lyonallusion, high confidenceca. 427-428
Exod 14:21–28In Praise of the Desert 44 · Eucherius of Lyonallusion, medium confidenceca. 427-428
Exod 14:21Verses on the Birthday of the Maccabees 301–330 · Hilary of Arlesallusion, high confidenceca. 430-449
Exod 14:21–28Part 1, chapter 33 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450
Exod 14:21–28Part 1, chapter 38 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

Exodus 14:22

and the Israelites went through the sea on dry ground, with walls of water on their right and on their left.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:22On Baptism 9 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 198–206
Exod 14:22Refutation of All Heresies 5.7.39 · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, medium confidenceca. 222–235
Exod 14:22Refutation of All Heresies 5.16.5 · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, medium confidenceca. 222–235
Exod 14:22Commentary on John 6.226 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Exod 14:22Homilies on Exodus 5.5 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:22Homilies on Exodus 6.14 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:22Homilies on Joshua 1.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:22Homilies on Joshua 4.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:22Homilies on Joshua 4.2 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:22Homilies on Numbers 14.2 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:22Homilies on Numbers 27.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:22–28Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:22Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.80 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Exod 14:22Against Celsus 2.74 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 248
Exod 14:22Commentary on Matthew 17.2 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 246–248
Exod 14:22Church History 7.21.4 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 300–325
Exod 14:22Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.36 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:22Tractates on the Psalms 51.6 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:22Tractates on the Psalms 144.13 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:22Tractates 1.2.3 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, high confidenceca. 362-380
Exod 14:22Tractates 2.22.3 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, high confidenceca. 362-380
Exod 14:22Tractates 2.56.1 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, high confidenceca. 362-380
Exod 14:22Commentary on 1 Corinthians 10:1–2 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 366–384
Exod 14:22On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.41 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 370
Exod 14:22On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.46 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 370
Exod 14:22On Virginity 4 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–371
Exod 14:22Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 4.2.3 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, high confidence374-377
Exod 14:22On Cain and Abel 2.20 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 375-378
Exod 14:22On Virgins 2.4 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 377
Exod 14:22On the Complaints of Job and David 1.30 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 383-390
Exod 14:22Apology of the Prophet David 43 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 384-390
Exod 14:22Altercatio, chapter 3, speech 2 · Evagrius of Gaulallusion, high confidenceca. 400
Exod 14:22On the Duties of the Clergy 2.4 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
Exod 14:22Exposition of Psalm 118 12.35.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:22Exposition of Psalm 118 17.6.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:22Exposition of Psalm 118 21.16.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:22On Fleeing the World 19 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-391
Exod 14:22On Elijah and Fasting 21 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Exod 14:22On the Mysteries 9 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387–391
Exod 14:22Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.26.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:22Poem 32, lines 1–31 (XXXII) · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:22Tractates on the Gospel of John 3.19 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 14:22Tractates on the Gospel of John 28.9 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 14:22Tractates on the Gospel of John 45.9 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 14:22Tractates on the Gospel of John 55.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 14:22On Faith and Works 17 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 413
Exod 14:22Verses on the Birthday of the Maccabees 301–330 · Hilary of Arlesallusion, high confidenceca. 430-449

Exodus 14:23

And the Egyptians chased after them—all Pharaoh’s horses, chariots, and horsemen—and followed them into the sea.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:231 Clement 51.5 · Clement of Romeallusion, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Exod 14:23Miscellanies 1.24.161 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203
Exod 14:23Catechetical Lecture 19.2 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, high confidenceca. 350
Exod 14:23Homilies 9.1 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 363-378
Exod 14:23Sermon 213.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430

Exodus 14:24

At morning watch, however, the LORD looked down on the army of the Egyptians from the pillar of fire and cloud, and He threw their camp into confusion.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:24Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.37 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:24Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:24Demonstration of the Gospel 5.11.7 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Exod 14:24–25Tractates on the Psalms 118.17.6 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:24Exposition of Psalm 118 17.12.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397

Exodus 14:25

He caused their chariot wheels to wobble, so that they had difficulty driving. “Let us flee from the Israelites,” said the Egyptians, “for the LORD is fighting for them against Egypt!”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:25–27Homilies on Psalms 36-38 1.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:25Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:25Exposition of Psalm 118 17.12.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:25Homily 3 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 390–394

Exodus 14:26

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the sea, so that the waters may flow back over the Egyptians and their chariots and horsemen.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:26–28Octavius 33.3 · Minucius Felixallusion, high confidenceca. 197–250
Exod 14:26–28Letter 69.15 · Cyprian of Carthageallusion, high confidence249/250–258
Exod 14:26–28Hexameron (Exameron) 5.54 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Exod 14:26–28Hexameron (Exameron) 5.89 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Exod 14:26–28Sermon 352.6 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 14:26–31Exodus, lines 493–517 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.
Exod 14:26–28Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.15 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 14:26–28In Praise of the Desert 10 · Eucherius of Lyonallusion, high confidenceca. 427-428

Exodus 14:27

So Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and at daybreak the sea returned to its normal state. As the Egyptians were retreating, the LORD swept them into the sea.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:27Against Heresies 4.27.4 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, medium confidenceca. 180–190
Exod 14:27Homilies on Exodus 3.3 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:27Against Celsus 4.34 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 248
Exod 14:27–28Tractates on the Psalms 51.13 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:27Tractates on the Psalms 126.19 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:27–29Hexameron (Exameron) 5.17 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Exod 14:27Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.4.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:27–28Sermon 353.2 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 14:27Poem 22, lines 64–95 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:27Poem 22, lines 96–125 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:27–28Against Faustus the Manichaean 12.29 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 398–400
Exod 14:27–28Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 118–124 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence5th century (disputed)
Exod 14:27Tractates on the Gospel of John 13.7 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 14:27–28Commentary on Jeremiah 6.37 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 414-419
Exod 14:27–28Part 5, chapter 14 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

Exodus 14:28

The waters flowed back and covered the chariots and horsemen—the entire army of Pharaoh that had chased the Israelites into the sea. Not one of them survived.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:281 Clement 51.5 · Clement of Romeallusion, medium confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Exod 14:28Dialogue with Trypho 131.3 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160
Exod 14:28To Autolycus 3.21 · Theophilus of Antiochallusion, high confidenceca. 180–185
Exod 14:28Against Heresies 4.28.3 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
Exod 14:28Miscellanies 1.24.161 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203
Exod 14:28On Repentance 12 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 198–206
Exod 14:28Commentary on Daniel 2.32 · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, high confidenceca. 202-204
Exod 14:28Refutation of All Heresies 5.16.4 · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, high confidenceca. 222–235
Exod 14:28Homilies on Joshua 4.1 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:28Homilies on Numbers 7.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:28Lines 25–48 · Commodianallusion, medium confidence3rd century (disputed)
Exod 14:28Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.150 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Exod 14:28Homily on the Song of Songs 1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–250
Exod 14:28Commentary on Matthew 12.28 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 246–248
Exod 14:28Sang. 4 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, medium confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Exod 14:28Recognitions 1.34 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceGreek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407
Exod 14:28Divine Institutes 4.10.8 · Lactantiusallusion, high confidenceca. 303–311
Exod 14:28Divine Institutes 7.15.3 · Lactantiusallusion, high confidenceca. 303–311
Exod 14:28Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.37 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:28Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 14:28Demonstration 9.8 · Aphrahatallusion, medium confidence337-345
Exod 14:28Demonstration 14.10 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Exod 14:28Demonstration 14.40 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Exod 14:28Catechetical Lecture 19.2 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, high confidenceca. 350
Exod 14:28Letters 6 · Lucifer of Cagliariecho, low confidenceca. 356–361
Exod 14:28Tractates on the Psalms 134.19 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:28Tractates on the Psalms 144.13 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 14:28Oration 4.15 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:28Oration 32.16 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:28Oration 45.20 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 14:28Commentary on 1 Corinthians 10:1–2 · Ambrosiasterallusion, medium confidenceca. 366–384
Exod 14:28Question 115, section 15 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 370–384
Exod 14:28Letter 69.6 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Exod 14:28Letter 125.3 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Exod 14:28Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.17 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, medium confidence374-377
Exod 14:28Against Fate, part 8 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 380–394
Exod 14:28–30On the Life of Moses 363 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 14:28Exposition of Psalm 118 18.7.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:28Exposition of Psalm 118 18.29.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:28Exposition of Psalm 118 21.16.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Exod 14:28Homilies on Matthew 7.6 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Exod 14:28Homilies on Matthew 13.5 · John Chrysostomallusion, medium confidenceca. 390
Exod 14:28Homilies on Matthew 43.3 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Exod 14:28Homilies on Matthew 65.6 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Exod 14:28Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.4.1 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:28Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.26.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:28Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.26.4 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:28Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.48.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:28Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.72.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:28Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.20.8 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
Exod 14:28Life of Hilarion 41 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 390–392
Exod 14:28Sermon 213.8 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 14:28Against Jovinianus 1.11 · Jeromeallusion, high confidence393
Exod 14:28Poem 26, lines 130–161 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:28Poem 32, lines 1–31 (XXXII) · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:28Tractates on the Gospel of John 3.19 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 14:28Tractates on the Gospel of John 11.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 14:28Tractates on the Gospel of John 55.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 14:28City of God 10.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence413–426
Exod 14:28City of God 18.52 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence413–426
Exod 14:28On Faith and Works 17 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 413
Exod 14:28Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.16 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 14:28Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.2 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 14:28Hymn 1 (108 lines) · Seduliusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
Exod 14:28On the Governance of God 1.41 · Salvian of Marseillesallusion, high confidenceca. 439-451

Exodus 14:29

But the Israelites had walked through the sea on dry ground, with walls of water on their right and on their left.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:29Letters 365, 366 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 357–378
Exod 14:29On Virginity 18 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 370–371
Exod 14:29Poem 27, lines 34–68 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, medium confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:29City of God 18.52 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence413–426

Exodus 14:30

That day the LORD saved Israel from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the shore.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:30Homilies on Exodus 5.5 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:30Homilies on Numbers 27.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:30Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.80 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Exod 14:30Letter 108.6 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–430
Exod 14:30Letter 140.28 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Exod 14:30Poem 16, lines 127–157 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 14:30Against the Letter of Parmenian 2.20 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 400

Exodus 14:31

When Israel saw the great power that the LORD had exercised over the Egyptians, the people feared the LORD and believed in Him and in His servant Moses.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 14:31Homilies on Joshua 16.5 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:31Homilies on Numbers 27.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:31Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 14:31Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.80 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Exod 14:31Commentary on Romans 1.15 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Exod 14:31Commentary on Romans 4.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Exod 14:31Commentary on Romans 4.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Exod 14:31Recognitions 4.5 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceGreek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407
Exod 14:31Letters to Serapion 1.13 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 357–360
Exod 14:31On the Holy Spirit 14.31 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 374–375
Exod 14:31On the Holy Spirit 14.33 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 374–375
Exod 14:31On the Life of Moses 365 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 385–395