Exodus 13 in the early church
136 passages quote, allude to, or echo Exodus 13, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 2 · 3 · 6 · 9 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22
Exodus 13:2
“Consecrate to Me every firstborn male. The firstborn from every womb among the Israelites belongs to Me, both of man and beast.”
Exodus 13:3
So Moses told the people, “Remember this day, the day you came out of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; for the LORD brought you out of it by the strength of His hand. And nothing leavened shall be eaten.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:3 | Oration IV Against the Arians 26 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | 4th century (disputed) |
| Exod 13:3 | Sermon 300.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 13:3 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 41.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
Exodus 13:6
For seven days you are to eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the LORD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:6–8 | Tractates 7 · Gaudentius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 397-410 |
Exodus 13:9
It shall be a sign for you on your hand and a reminder on your forehead that the Law of the LORD is to be on your lips. For with a mighty hand the LORD brought you out of Egypt.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:9 | Preparation for the Gospel 8.10.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 13:9 | Homilies on Matthew 72.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
Exodus 13:11
And after the LORD brings you into the land of the Canaanites and gives it to you, as He swore to you and your fathers,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:11–13 | On Cain and Abel 1.42 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Exod 13:11 | On Cain and Abel 1.43 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Exod 13:11–12 | On Cain and Abel 1.45 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
Exodus 13:12
you are to present to the LORD the firstborn male of every womb. All the firstborn males of your livestock belong to the LORD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:12 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.12 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 13:12 | On Cain and Abel 1.46 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Exod 13:12 | On Cain and Abel 2.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Exod 13:12 | On Cain and Abel 2.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
Exodus 13:13
You must redeem every firstborn donkey with a lamb, and if you do not redeem it, you are to break its neck. And every firstborn of your sons you must redeem.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:13 | On Cain and Abel 2.8 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Exod 13:13 | On Cain and Abel 2.9 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Exod 13:13 | On Cain and Abel 2.10 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
Exodus 13:17
When Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them along the road through the land of the Philistines, though it was shorter. For God said, “If the people face war, they might change their minds and return to Egypt.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:17 | Miscellanies 1.24.160 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Exod 13:17 | Recognitions 1.35 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Exod 13:17–22 | Exodus, lines 396–419 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Exodus 13:18
So God led the people around by the way of the wilderness toward the Red Sea. And the Israelites left the land of Egypt arrayed for battle.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:18 | Miscellanies 1.24.160 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Exod 13:18 | Question 10, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Exod 13:18 | Question 10, section 2 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Exod 13:18 | Letter 35.2 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Exod 13:18 | Letter 36.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Exod 13:18 | Letter 36.12 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Exod 13:18 | Letter 36.13 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Exod 13:18 | Book of Rules 5 · Tyconius | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Exod 13:18 | Part 1, chapter 37 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Exodus 13:19
Moses took the bones of Joseph with him because Joseph had made the sons of Israel swear a solemn oath when he said, “God will surely attend to you, and then you must carry my bones with you from this place.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:19 | Cib. 13 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Exod 13:19 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.3.4 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Exod 13:19 | Question 25, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Exod 13:19 | Letter 109.2 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Exod 13:19 | Ancoratus 94.8 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374 |
| Exod 13:19 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 9.4.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Exod 13:19 | Apostolic Constitutions 6.30.6 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Exod 13:19 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 27 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
Exodus 13:20
They set out from Succoth and camped at Etham on the edge of the wilderness.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:20 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 287 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Exod 13:20 | Homilies on Exodus 5.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 13:20 | Homilies on Exodus 5.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 13:20 | Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 7.5 · Egeria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 381-395 |
Exodus 13:21
And the LORD went before them in a pillar of cloud to guide their way by day, and in a pillar of fire to give them light by night, so that they could travel by day or night.
Exodus 13:22
Neither the pillar of cloud by day nor the pillar of fire by night left its place before the people.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 13:22 | Exposition of Psalm 118 5.14.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Exod 13:22 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.47.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Exod 13:22 | On the Trinity 2.14 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |