Dialogue with Trypho 78.1–86.6
Greek text: Archambault (Greek text: G. Archambault, Justin: Dialogue avec Tryphon (Paris, 1909), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0). Compare: Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1 (1885).
Chapter 78
78.1Archambault 2:16
Καὶ γὰρ οὗτος ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἡρώδης, μαθὼν παρὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοῦ λαοῦ ὑμῶν, τότε ἐλθόντων πρὸς αὐτὸν τῶν ἀπὸ Ἀρραβίας μάγων, καὶ εἰπόντων ἐξ ἀστέρος τοῦ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ φανέντος ἐγνωκέναι ὅτι βασιλεὺς γεγέννηται ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ὑμῶν, καὶ ἤλθομεν προσκυνῆσαι αὐτόν, καὶ ἐν Βηθλεὲμ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων εἰπόντων, ὅτι γέγραπται ἐν τῷ προφήτῃ οὕτως· Καὶ σὺ Βηθλεέμ, γῆ Ἰούδα, οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα· ἐκ σοῦ γὰρ ἐξελεύσεται ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου.
Kai gar houtos ho basileus Hērōdēs, mathōn para tōn presbyterōn tou laou hymōn, tote elthontōn pros auton tōn apo Arrabias magōn, kai eipontōn ex asteros tou en tǭ ouranǭ phanentos egnōkenai hoti basileus gegennētai en tę̄ chōrą hymōn, kai ēlthomen proskynēsai auton, kai en Bēthleem tōn presbyterōn eipontōn, hoti gegraptai en tǭ prophētę̄ houtōs; Kai sy Bēthleem, gē Iouda, oudamōs elachistē ei en tois hēgemosin Iouda; ek sou gar exeleusetai hēgoumenos, hostis poimanei ton laon mou.
“For this King Herod learned from the elders of your people, when the Magi from Arabia came to him and said that they knew from a star that appeared in the heaven that a king had been born in your country, and ‘we have come to worship him,’ and when the elders said it was in Bethlehem, because it is written in the prophet thus: ‘And you, Bethlehem, land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a leader who shall shepherd my people.’
Matt 2:2 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 2:5 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 2:6 (quotation, high confidence) · Mic 5:2 (5:1 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Herod learned from the elders that the king would be born in Bethlehem (Mic 5:2).
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.1 (Archambault 2:16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
78.2Archambault 2:16–18
Τῶν ἀπὸ Ἀρραβίας οὖν μάγων ἐλθόντων εἰς Βηθλεὲμ καὶ προσκυνησάντων τὸ παιδίον καὶ προσενεγκάντων αὐτῷ δῶρα, χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν, ἔπειτα κατʼ ἀποκάλυψιν, μετὰ τὸ προσκυνῆσαι τὸν παῖδα ἐν Βηθλεέμ, ἐκελεύσθησαν μὴ ἐπανελθεῖν πρὸς τὸν Ἡρώδην.
Tōn apo Arrabias oun magōn elthontōn eis Bēthleem kai proskynēsantōn to paidion kai prosenenkantōn autǭ dōra, chryson kai libanon kai smyrnan, epeita katʼ apokalypsin, meta to proskynēsai ton paida en Bēthleem, ekeleusthēsan mē epanelthein pros ton Hērōdēn.
“When, then, the Magi from Arabia had come to Bethlehem and worshiped the child and brought him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh, they were then commanded by revelation, after worshiping the child in Bethlehem, not to return to Herod.
Matt 2:11 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 2:12 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Magi worshiped and were warned not to return to Herod.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (dropped letter)): εἰς Βηλεὲμ → εἰς Βηθλεὲμ.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.2 (Archambault 2:16–18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
78.3Archambault 2:18
Καὶ Ἰωσὴφ δέ, ὁ τὴν Μαρίαν μεμνηστευμένος, βουληθεὶς πρότερον ἐκβαλεῖν τὴν μνηστὴν αὐτῷ Μαριάμ, νομίζων ἐγκυμονεῖν αὐτὴν ἀπὸ συνουσίας ἀνδρός, τουτέστιν ἀπὸ πορνείας, διʼ ὁράματος κεκέλευστο μὴ ἐκβαλεῖν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, εἰπόντος αὐτῷ τοῦ φανέντος ἀγγέλου ὅτι ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου ὃ ἔχει κατὰ γαστρός ἐστι.
Kai Iōsēph de, ho tēn Marian memnēsteumenos, boulētheis proteron ekbalein tēn mnēstēn autǭ Mariam, nomizōn enkymonein autēn apo synousias andros, toutestin apo porneias, diʼ horamatos kekeleusto mē ekbalein tēn gynaika autou, eipontos autǭ tou phanentos angelou hoti ek pneumatos hagiou ho echei kata gastros esti.
“And Joseph, who was betrothed to Mary, at first wished to put away his betrothed Mary, thinking that she was with child by intercourse with a man, that is, by fornication; but he was commanded in a vision not to put away his wife, the angel who appeared telling him that what she had in her womb was of the Holy Spirit.
Matt 1:18 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 1:19 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 1:20 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Joseph, thinking Mary guilty of fornication, was told by an angel that her child was of the Holy Spirit.
- “Fornication” (πορνεία): used here of intercourse during betrothal.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): ὅ ἔχει κατὰ γαστρός → ὃ ἔχει κατὰ γαστρός.
Topics: Christology, Marriage, Divorce and remarriage
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.3 (Archambault 2:18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
78.4Archambault 2:18
Φοβηθεὶς οὖν οὐκ ἐκβέβληκεν αὐτήν, ἀλλά, ἀπογραφῆς οὔσης ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ τότε πρώτης ἐπὶ Κυρηνίου, ἀνεληλύθει ἀπὸ Ναζαρέτ, ἔνθα ᾤκει, εἰς Βηθλεέμ, ὅθεν ἦν, ἀπογράψασθαι· ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς κατοικούσης τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην φυλῆς Ἰούδα τὸ γένος ἦν. Καὶ αὐτὸς ἅμα τῇ Μαρίᾳ κελεύεται ἐξελθεῖν εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ εἶναι ἐκεῖ ἅμα τῷ παιδίῳ, ἄχρις ἂν αὐτοῖς πάλιν ἀποκαλυφθῇ ἐπανελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν.
Phobētheis oun ouk ekbeblēken autēn, alla, apographēs ousēs en tę̄ Ioudaią tote prōtēs epi Kyrēniou, anelēlythei apo Nazaret, entha ǭkei, eis Bēthleem, hothen ēn, apograpsasthai; apo gar tēs katoikousēs tēn gēn ekeinēn phylēs Iouda to genos ēn. Kai autos hama tę̄ Marią keleuetai exelthein eis Aigypton kai einai ekei hama tǭ paidiǭ, achris an autois palin apokalyphthę̄ epanelthein eis tēn Ioudaian.
“Being afraid, then, he did not put her away; but when the first census was taking place in Judea under Quirinius, he went up from Nazareth, where he lived, to Bethlehem, where he was from, to be enrolled; for his race was of the tribe of Judah, which inhabited that land. And he was commanded to go into Egypt with Mary and to stay there with the child, until it should be revealed to them again to return to Judea.
Matt 1:24 (allusion, high confidence) · Luke 2:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Luke 2:2 (allusion, high confidence) · Luke 2:4 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 2:13 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The census brought Joseph to Bethlehem; the family fled to Egypt.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (missing accent); digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong breathing); stray full stop in the digital text): εἰς Βηθλεέμ., ὅθεν → εἰς Βηθλεέμ, ὅθεν; φυλῆς Ἱούδα → φυλῆς Ἰούδα; ἁμα τῷ παιδίῳ → ἅμα τῷ παιδίῳ.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.4 (Archambault 2:18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
78.5Archambault 2:18–20
Γεννηθέντος δὲ τότε τοῦ παιδίου ἐν Βηθλεέμ, ἐπειδὴ Ἰωσὴφ οὐκ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ἐκείνῃ που καταλῦσαι, ἐν σπηλαίῳ τινὶ σύνεγγυς τῆς κώμης κατέλυσε· καὶ τότε, αὐτῶν ὄντων ἐκεῖ, ἐτετόκει ἡ Μαρία τὸν Χριστὸν καὶ ἐν φάτνῃ αὐτὸν ἐτεθείκει, ὅπου ἐλθόντες οἱ ἀπὸ Ἀρραβίας μάγοι εὗρον αὐτόν.
Gennēthentos de tote tou paidiou en Bēthleem, epeidē Iōsēph ouk eichen en tę̄ kōmę̄ ekeinę̄ pou katalysai, en spēlaiǭ tini synengys tēs kōmēs katelyse; kai tote, autōn ontōn ekei, etetokei hē Maria ton Christon kai en phatnę̄ auton etetheikei, hopou elthontes hoi apo Arrabias magoi heuron auton.
“And when the child was born in Bethlehem, since Joseph had no place to lodge in that village, he lodged in a certain cave near the village; and then, while they were there, Mary bore the Christ and laid him in a manger, and there the Magi from Arabia came and found him.
Luke 2:7 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 2:11 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ was born in a cave near Bethlehem.
- The earliest witness to the tradition that Jesus was born in a cave, later marked by the Church of the Nativity.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.5 (Archambault 2:18–20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
78.6Archambault 2:20
Ὅτι δὲ Ἡσαΐας καὶ περὶ τοῦ συμβόλου τοῦ κατὰ τὸ σπήλαιον προεκεκηρύχει, ἀνιστόρησα ὑμῖν, ἔφην, καὶ διʼ αὐτοὺς δὲ τοὺς σήμερον σὺν ὑμῖν ἐλθόντας πάλιν τῆς περικοπῆς ἐπιμνησθήσομαι, εἶπον· καὶ ἀνιστόρησα ἣν καὶ προέγραψα ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἡσαίου περικοπήν, εἰπὼν διὰ τοὺς λόγους ἐκείνους τοὺς τὰ Μίθρα μυστήρια παραδιδόντας, ἐν τόπῳ ἐπικαλουμένῳ παρʼ αὐτοῖς σπηλαίῳ μυεῖσθαι ὑπʼ αὐτῶν, ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου ἐνεργηθῆναι εἰπεῖν.
Hoti de Hēsaïas kai peri tou symbolou tou kata to spēlaion proekekērychei, anistorēsa hymin, ephēn, kai diʼ autous de tous sēmeron syn hymin elthontas palin tēs perikopēs epimnēsthēsomai, eipon; kai anistorēsa hēn kai proegrapsa apo tou Hēsaiou perikopēn, eipōn dia tous logous ekeinous tous ta Mithra mystēria paradidontas, en topǭ epikaloumenǭ parʼ autois spēlaiǭ myeisthai hypʼ autōn, hypo tou diabolou energēthēnai eipein.
“And I have recounted to you,” I said, “that Isaiah also proclaimed beforehand the symbol of the cave; and for the sake of those who have come with you today, I will recall the passage again.” And I recounted the passage from Isaiah which I have written above, saying that because of those words those who hand down the mysteries of Mithras were moved by the devil to say that they are initiated by them in a place called among them a cave.
Isa 33:16 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isaiah's “cave of a strong rock” (Isa 33:16) is the source imitated by the Mithras cult.
- “For the sake of those who have come with you today”: new listeners have joined on the second day of the discussion.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): ἥν καὶ προέγραψα → ἣν καὶ προέγραψα.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.6 (Archambault 2:20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
78.7Archambault 2:20–22
Καὶ ὁ Ἡρώδης, μὴ ἐπανελθόντων πρὸς αὐτὸν τῶν ἀπὸ Ἀρραβίας μάγων, ὡς ἠξίωσεν αὐτοὺς ποιῆσαι, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὰ κελευσθέντα αὐτοῖς διʼ ἄλλης ὁδοῦ εἰς τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν ἀπαλλαγέντων, καὶ τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ ἅμα τῇ Μαρίᾳ καὶ τῷ παιδίῳ, ὡς καὶ αὐτοῖς ἀποκεκάλυπτο, ἤδη ἐξελθόντων εἰς Αἴγυπτον, οὐ γινώσκων τὸν παῖδα, ὃν ἐληλύθεισαν προσκυνῆσαι οἱ μάγοι, πάντας ἁπλῶς τοὺς παῖδας τοὺς ἐν Βηθλεὲμ ἐκέλευσεν ἀναιρεθῆναι.
Kai ho Hērōdēs, mē epanelthontōn pros auton tōn apo Arrabias magōn, hōs ēxiōsen autous poiēsai, alla kata ta keleusthenta autois diʼ allēs hodou eis tēn chōran autōn apallagentōn, kai tou Iōsēph hama tę̄ Marią kai tǭ paidiǭ, hōs kai autois apokekalypto, ēdē exelthontōn eis Aigypton, ou ginōskōn ton paida, hon elēlytheisan proskynēsai hoi magoi, pantas haplōs tous paidas tous en Bēthleem ekeleusen anairethēnai.
“And Herod, when the Magi from Arabia did not return to him as he had asked them to do, but went away to their own country by another road according to what they had been commanded, and when Joseph with Mary and the child had already gone into Egypt, as had been revealed to them, not knowing the child whom the Magi had come to worship, ordered all the children in Bethlehem without exception to be killed.
Matt 2:12 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 2:14 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 2:16 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Herod ordered the killing of the children of Bethlehem.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (missing accent); digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): τοῦ Ἰωσήφ ἅμα → τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ ἅμα; ὅν ἐληλύθεισαν → ὃν ἐληλύθεισαν; παντας ἁπλῶς → πάντας ἁπλῶς.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.7 (Archambault 2:20–22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-7).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
78.8Archambault 2:22
Καὶ τοῦτο ἐπεπροφήτευτο μέλλειν γίνεσθαι διὰ Ἱερεμίου, εἰπόντος διʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος οὕτως· Φωνὴ ἐν Ῥαμᾶ ἠκούσθη, κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὀδυρμὸς πολύς· Ῥαχὴλ κλαίουσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἤθελε παρακληθῆναι, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσί. Διὰ οὖν τὴν φωνήν, ἣ ἔμελλεν ἀκούεσθαι ἀπὸ Ῥαμᾶ, τουτέστιν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀρραβίας (ἔστι γὰρ καὶ μέχρι τοῦ νῦν τόπος καλούμενος ἐν Ἀρραβίᾳ Ῥαμᾶ), κλαυθμὸς ἔμελλεν τὸν τόπον καταλαμβάνειν, ὅπου Ῥαχήλ, ἡ γυνὴ Ἰακώβ, τοῦ ἐπικληθέντος Ἰσραήλ, τοῦ ἁγίου πατριάρχου, τέθαπται, τουτέστι τὴν Βηθλεέμ, κλαιουσῶν τῶν γυναικῶν τὰ τέκνα τὰ ἴδια τὰ ἀνῃρημένα καὶ μὴ παράκλησιν ἐχουσῶν ἐπὶ τῷ συμβεβηκότι αὐταῖς.
Kai touto epeprophēteuto mellein ginesthai dia Hieremiou, eipontos diʼ autou tou hagiou pneumatos houtōs; Phōnē en Rhama ēkousthē, klauthmos kai odyrmos polys; Rhachēl klaiousa ta tekna autēs, kai ouk ēthele paraklēthēnai, hoti ouk eisi. Dia oun tēn phōnēn, hē emellen akouesthai apo Rhama, toutestin apo tēs Arrabias (esti gar kai mechri tou nyn topos kaloumenos en Arrabią Rhama), klauthmos emellen ton topon katalambanein, hopou Rhachēl, hē gynē Iakōb, tou epiklēthentos Israēl, tou hagiou patriarchou, tethaptai, toutesti tēn Bēthleem, klaiousōn tōn gynaikōn ta tekna ta idia ta anę̄rēmena kai mē paraklēsin echousōn epi tǭ symbebēkoti autais.
“And this had been prophesied to happen through Jeremiah, the Holy Spirit speaking through him thus: ‘A voice was heard in Ramah, weeping and much lamentation; Rachel weeping for her children, and she would not be comforted, because they are not.’ Because of the voice, then, that was to be heard from Ramah, that is, from Arabia (for there is still to this day a place called Ramah in Arabia), weeping was to seize the place where Rachel, the wife of Jacob, called Israel, the holy patriarch, is buried, that is, Bethlehem, as the women wept for their own children who had been killed and had no comfort for what had befallen them.
Jer 31:15 (38:15 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 2:18 (echo, high confidence) · Gen 35:19 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Jer 31:15 foretold the lament over the children of Bethlehem.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (the editor's reference (Matt 2:18; Jer 31:15), printed in the text without brackets, removed): οὐκ εἰσί cf. MT., I, 8; 12-14; et JÉR., XXXI, 15. Διὰ → οὐκ εἰσί. Διὰ.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.8 (Archambault 2:22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-8).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
78.9Archambault 2:22–24
Καὶ γὰρ τὸ εἰπεῖν τὸν Ἡσαΐαν· Λήψεται δύναμιν Δαμασκοῦ καὶ σκύλα Σαμαρείας, τὴν τοῦ πονηροῦ δαίμονος, τοῦ ἐν Δαμασκῷ οἰκοῦντος, δύναμιν ἐσήμαινε νικηθήσεσθαι τῷ Χριστῷ ἅμα τῷ γεννηθῆναι· ὅπερ δείκνυται γεγενημένον. Οἱ γὰρ μάγοι, οἵτινες ἐσκυλευμένοι ἦσαν πρὸς πάσας κακὰς πράξεις, τὰς ἐνεργουμένας ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου ἐκείνου, ἐλθόντες καὶ προσκυνήσαντες τῷ Χριστῷ φαίνονται ἀποστάντες τῆς σκυλευσάσης αὐτοὺς δυνάμεως ἐκείνης, ἣν ἐν μυστηρίῳ ἐσήμαινεν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος οἰκεῖν ἐν Δαμασκῷ.
Kai gar to eipein ton Hēsaïan; Lēpsetai dynamin Damaskou kai skyla Samareias, tēn tou ponērou daimonos, tou en Damaskǭ oikountos, dynamin esēmaine nikēthēsesthai tǭ Christǭ hama tǭ gennēthēnai; hoper deiknytai gegenēmenon. Hoi gar magoi, hoitines eskyleumenoi ēsan pros pasas kakas praxeis, tas energoumenas hypo tou daimoniou ekeinou, elthontes kai proskynēsantes tǭ Christǭ phainontai apostantes tēs skyleusasēs autous dynameōs ekeinēs, hēn en mystēriǭ esēmainen hēmin ho logos oikein en Damaskǭ.
“For Isaiah's saying, ‘He shall take the power of Damascus and the spoils of Samaria,’ signified that the power of the evil demon that dwelt in Damascus would be overcome by Christ as soon as he was born; which is shown to have happened. For the Magi, who had been despoiled for every evil deed worked by that demon, came and worshiped Christ, and are seen to have departed from that power which had despoiled them, which the word indicated to us in a mystery as dwelling in Damascus.
Isa 8:4 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The “power of Damascus” is the demon from whom the Magi were set free by worshiping Christ.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): τῷ Χριστῳ φαίνονται → τῷ Χριστῷ φαίνονται.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.9 (Archambault 2:22–24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-9).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
78.10Archambault 2:24
Ἁμαρτωλὸν δὲ καὶ ἄδικον οὖσαν ἐν παραβολῇ τὴν δύναμιν ἐκείνην καλῶς Σαμάρειαν καλεῖ. Ὅτι δὲ Δαμασκὸς τῆς ἀρραβικῆς γῆς ἦν καὶ ἔστιν, εἰ καὶ νῦν προσνενέμηται τῇ Συροφοινίκῃ λεγομένῃ, οὐδʼ ὑμῶν τινες ἀρνήσασθαι δύνανται. Ὥστε καλὸν ἂν εἴη ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες, ἃ μὴ νενοήκατε, παρὰ τῶν λαβόντων χάριν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν τῶν Χριστιανῶν μανθάνειν, ἀλλὰ μὴ κατὰ πάντα ἀγωνίζεσθαι τὰ ὑμέτερα διδάγματα κρατύνειν, ἀτιμάζοντας τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ.
Hamartōlon de kai adikon ousan en parabolę̄ tēn dynamin ekeinēn kalōs Samareian kalei. Hoti de Damaskos tēs arrabikēs gēs ēn kai estin, ei kai nyn prosnenemētai tę̄ Syrophoinikę̄ legomenę̄, oudʼ hymōn tines arnēsasthai dynantai. Hōste kalon an eiē hymas, ō andres, ha mē nenoēkate, para tōn labontōn charin apo tou theou hēmōn tōn Christianōn manthanein, alla mē kata panta agōnizesthai ta hymetera didagmata kratynein, atimazontas ta tou theou.
“And it rightly calls that power, being sinful and unjust, Samaria in a parable. And that Damascus was and is of the Arabian land, even if it has now been assigned to what is called Syrophoenicia, not even any of you can deny. So it would be good for you, sirs, to learn what you have not understood from us Christians, who have received grace from God, and not to strive in every way to strengthen your own teachings, dishonoring those of God.
Notes and citation
Summary: Damascus belongs to Arabia; the Jews should learn from Christians.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (stray letter)): ἀρνήσασθται → ἀρνήσασθαι.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.10 (Archambault 2:24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-10).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
78.11Archambault 2:24
Διὸ καὶ εἰς ἡμᾶς μετετέθη ἡ χάρις αὕτη, ὡς Ἡσαΐας φησὶν εἰπὼν οὕτως· Ἐγγίζει μοι ὁ λαὸς οὗτος· τοῖς χείλεσιν αὐτῶν τιμῶσί με, ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ· μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με, ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων καὶ διδασκαλίας διδάσκοντες. Διὰ τοῦτο ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ προσθήσω τοῦ μεταθεῖναι τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον, καὶ μεταθήσω αὐτούς, καὶ ἀφελῶ τὴν σοφίαν τῶν σοφῶν αὐτῶν, τὴν δὲ σύνεσιν τῶν συνετῶν ἀθετήσω.
Dio kai eis hēmas metetethē hē charis hautē, hōs Hēsaïas phēsin eipōn houtōs; Engizei moi ho laos houtos; tois cheilesin autōn timōsi me, hē de kardia autōn porrō apechei apʼ emou; matēn de sebontai me, entalmata anthrōpōn kai didaskalias didaskontes. Dia touto idou egō prosthēsō tou metatheinai ton laon touton, kai metathēsō autous, kai aphelō tēn sophian tōn sophōn autōn, tēn de synesin tōn synetōn athetēsō.
“That is why this grace has been transferred to us, as Isaiah says, speaking thus: ‘This people draws near to me; with their lips they honor me, but their heart is far from me; and in vain do they worship me, teaching the commandments and teachings of men. Therefore, behold, I will proceed to remove this people, and I will remove them, and I will take away the wisdom of their wise, and set aside the understanding of their prudent ones.’”
Isa 29:13 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 29:14 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 15:8 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 29:13–14.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 78.11 (Archambault 2:24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-78-11).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 79
79.1Archambault 2:24–26
Καὶ ὁ Τρύφων, ὑπαγανακτῶν μέν, αἰδούμενος δὲ τὰς γραφάς, ὡς ἐδηλοῦτο ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ, εἶπε πρός με· Τὰ μὲν τοῦ θεοῦ ἅγιά ἐστιν, αἱ δὲ ὑμέτεραι ἐξηγήσεις τετεχνασμέναι εἰσίν, ὡς φαίνεται καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἐξηγημένων ὑπὸ σοῦ, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ βλάσφημοι· ἀγγέλους γὰρ πονηρευσαμένους καὶ ἀποστάντας τοῦ θεοῦ λέγεις.
Kai ho Tryphōn, hypaganaktōn men, aidoumenos de tas graphas, hōs edēlouto apo tou prosōpou autou, eipe pros me; Ta men tou theou hagia estin, hai de hymeterai exēgēseis tetechnasmenai eisin, hōs phainetai kai ek tōn exēgēmenōn hypo sou, mallon de kai blasphēmoi; angelous gar ponēreusamenous kai apostantas tou theou legeis.
And Trypho, somewhat annoyed but respecting the Scriptures, as was plain from his face, said to me, “The things of God are holy, but your interpretations are contrived, as is plain from those you have given, or rather blasphemous; for you say that angels acted wickedly and revolted from God.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Trypho objects that fallen angels are a blasphemous idea.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 79.1 (Archambault 2:24–26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-79-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
79.2Archambault 2:26–28
Κἀγὼ ἐνδοτικώτερον τῇ φωνῇ, παρασκευάσαι αὐτὸν βουλόμενος πρὸς τὸ ἀκούειν μου, ἀπεκρινάμην λέγων· Ἄγαμαί σου, ἄνθρωπε, τὸ εὐλαβὲς τοῦτο, καὶ εὔχομαι τὴν αὐτὴν διάθεσίν σε ἔχειν καὶ περὶ ὃν διακονεῖν γεγραμμένοι εἰσὶν οἱ ἄγγελοι, ὡς Δανιήλ φησιν, ὅτι ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου πρὸς τὸν παλαιὸν τῶν ἡμερῶν προσάγεται, καὶ αὐτῷ δίδοται πᾶσα βασιλεία εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος. Ἵνα δὲ γνωρίζῃς, εἶπον, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, μὴ ἡμετέρᾳ τόλμῃ χρησαμένους τὴν ἐξήγησιν ταύτην, ἣν μέμφῃ, πεποιῆσθαι ἡμᾶς, μαρτυρίαν σοι ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἡσαΐου δώσω, ὅτι πονηροὺς ἀγγέλους κατῳκηκέναι καὶ κατοικεῖν λέγει καὶ ἐν Τάνει, τῇ Αἰγυπτίᾳ χώρᾳ.
Kagō endotikōteron tę̄ phōnę̄, paraskeuasai auton boulomenos pros to akouein mou, apekrinamēn legōn; Agamai sou, anthrōpe, to eulabes touto, kai euchomai tēn autēn diathesin se echein kai peri hon diakonein gegrammenoi eisin hoi angeloi, hōs Daniēl phēsin, hoti hōs huios anthrōpou pros ton palaion tōn hēmerōn prosagetai, kai autǭ didotai pasa basileia eis ton aiōna tou aiōnos. Hina de gnōrizę̄s, eipon, ō anthrōpe, mē hēmeterą tolmę̄ chrēsamenous tēn exēgēsin tautēn, hēn memphę̄, pepoiēsthai hēmas, martyrian soi apʼ autou tou Hēsaïou dōsō, hoti ponērous angelous katǭkēkenai kai katoikein legei kai en Tanei, tę̄ Aigyptią chōrą.
And I answered in a milder voice, wishing to prepare him to listen to me: “I admire this reverence of yours, sir, and I pray that you may have the same disposition toward him whom the angels are written to serve, as Daniel says, that one like a son of man is brought to the Ancient of Days, and all the kingdom is given to him forever and ever. And so that you may know, sir,” I said, “that we have not made this interpretation which you blame by using our own daring, I will give you testimony from Isaiah himself, that he says that evil angels have dwelt and dwell in Tanis, in the land of Egypt.
Dan 7:10 (allusion, medium confidence) · Dan 7:13 (allusion, high confidence) · Dan 7:14 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin cites Scripture for evil angels.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 79.2 (Archambault 2:26–28; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-79-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
79.3Archambault 2:28
Εἰσὶ δὲ οἱ λόγοι οὗτοι· Οὐαὶ τέκνα ἀποστάται, τάδε λέγει κύριος· Ἐποιήσατε βουλὴν οὐ διʼ ἐμοῦ καὶ συνθήκας οὐ διὰ τοῦ πνεύματός μου, προσθεῖναι ἁμαρτίας ἐφʼ ἁμαρτίαις· οἱ πορευόμενοι καταβῆναι εἰς Αἴγυπτον, ἐμὲ δὲ οὐκ ἠρώτησαν, τοῦ βοηθηθῆναι ὑπὸ Φαραὼ καὶ σκεπασθῆναι σκέπην Αἰγυπτίων. Ἔσται γὰρ ὑμῖν ἡ σκέπη Φαραὼ εἰς αἰσχύνην, καὶ τοῖς πεποιθόσιν ἐπʼ Αἰγυπτίους ὄνειδος, ὅτι εἰσὶν ἐν Τάνει ἀρχηγοὶ ἄγγελοι πονηροί. Μάτην κοπιάσουσι πρὸς λαόν, ὃς οὐκ ὠφελήσει αὐτοὺς εἰς βοήθειαν, ἀλλʼ εἰς αἰσχύνην καὶ ὄνειδος.
Eisi de hoi logoi houtoi; Ouai tekna apostatai, tade legei kyrios; Epoiēsate boulēn ou diʼ emou kai synthēkas ou dia tou pneumatos mou, prostheinai hamartias ephʼ hamartiais; hoi poreuomenoi katabēnai eis Aigypton, eme de ouk ērōtēsan, tou boēthēthēnai hypo Pharaō kai skepasthēnai skepēn Aigyptiōn. Estai gar hymin hē skepē Pharaō eis aischynēn, kai tois pepoithosin epʼ Aigyptious oneidos, hoti eisin en Tanei archēgoi angeloi ponēroi. Matēn kopiasousi pros laon, hos ouk ōphelēsei autous eis boētheian, allʼ eis aischynēn kai oneidos.
“These are the words: ‘Woe, rebellious children, thus says the Lord: You have taken counsel, but not through me, and made covenants, but not through my Spirit, to add sins to sins; who go down to Egypt, and have not asked me, to be helped by Pharaoh and sheltered in the shelter of the Egyptians. For the shelter of Pharaoh shall be to you a shame, and to those who trust in the Egyptians a reproach; for there are in Tanis princes, evil angels. In vain shall they labor for a people who will not profit them for help, but for shame and reproach.’
Isa 30:1 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 30:2 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 30:3 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 30:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 30:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 30:1–5 (LXX): “evil angels” in Tanis.
- “Evil angels” (ἄγγελοι πονηροί) is the LXX reading of Isa 30:4, where the Hebrew speaks of messengers.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (missing breathing)): ὑμῖν ή σκέπη → ὑμῖν ἡ σκέπη.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 79.3 (Archambault 2:28; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-79-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
79.4Archambault 2:28–30
Ἀλλὰ καὶ Ζαχαρίας φησίν, ὡς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμνημόνευσας, ὅτι ὁ διάβολος εἱστήκει ἐκ δεξιῶν Ἰησοῦ τοῦ ἱερέως, ἀντικεῖσθαι αὐτῷ, καὶ εἰπεῖν κύριον· Ἐπιτιμήσαι σοι κύριος, ὁ ἐκλεξάμενος Ἱερουσαλήμ. Καὶ πάλιν ἐν τῷ Ἰὼβ γέγραπται, ὡς καὶ αὐτὸς ἔφης, ὅτι οἱ ἄγγελοι ἦλθον στῆναι ἔμπροσθεν κυρίου, καὶ ὁ διάβολος ἅμα αὐτοῖς ἐληλύθει. Καὶ ὑπὸ Μωσέως ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς Γενέσεως ὄφιν πλανήσαντα τὴν Εὔαν γεγραμμένον ἔχομεν καὶ κεκατηραμένον. Καὶ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ὅτι μάγοι ἐπείρησαν ἐξισοῦσθαι τῇ δυνάμει τῇ ἐνεργουμένῃ διὰ τοῦ πιστοῦ θεράποντος Μωσέως ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἔγνωμεν. Καὶ Δαυῒδ ὅτι Οἱ θεοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν δαιμόνιά εἰσιν εἶπεν, ἐπίστασθε.
Alla kai Zacharias phēsin, hōs kai autos emnēmoneusas, hoti ho diabolos heistēkei ek dexiōn Iēsou tou hiereōs, antikeisthai autǭ, kai eipein kyrion; Epitimēsai soi kyrios, ho eklexamenos Hierousalēm. Kai palin en tǭ Iōb gegraptai, hōs kai autos ephēs, hoti hoi angeloi ēlthon stēnai emprosthen kyriou, kai ho diabolos hama autois elēlythei. Kai hypo Mōseōs en archę̄ tēs Geneseōs ophin planēsanta tēn Euan gegrammenon echomen kai kekatēramenon. Kai en Aigyptǭ hoti magoi epeirēsan exisousthai tę̄ dynamei tę̄ energoumenę̄ dia tou pistou therapontos Mōseōs hypo tou theou, egnōmen. Kai Dauïd hoti Hoi theoi tōn ethnōn daimonia eisin eipen, epistasthe.
“And Zechariah too says, as you yourself mentioned, that the devil stood at the right hand of Joshua the priest to oppose him, and the Lord said, ‘The Lord rebuke you, he who has chosen Jerusalem.’ And again it is written in Job, as you yourself said, that the angels came to stand before the Lord, and the devil came with them. And we have it written by Moses at the beginning of Genesis that the serpent deceived Eve and was cursed. And we know that in Egypt magicians tried to equal the power worked by God through his faithful servant Moses. And you know that David said, ‘The gods of the nations are demons.’”
Zech 3:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Zech 3:2 (quotation, high confidence) · Job 1:6 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 3:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 3:14 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 7:11 (allusion, high confidence) · Ps 96:5 (95:5 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Zechariah, Job, Genesis, Exodus, and the Psalms all speak of the devil and demons.
- “As you yourself mentioned”: Trypho's remark is in the lost part of the Dialogue.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 79.4 (Archambault 2:28–30; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-79-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 80
80.1Archambault 2:30
Καὶ ὁ Τρύφων πρὸς ταῦτα ἔφη· Εἶπον πρός σε, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, ὅτι ἀσφαλὴς ἐν πᾶσι σπουδάζεις εἶναι ταῖς γραφαῖς προσπλεκόμενος. Εἰπὲ δέ μοι, ἀληθῶς ὑμεῖς ἀνοικοδομηθῆναι τὸν τόπον Ἱερουσαλὴμ τοῦτον ὁμολογεῖτε, καὶ συναχθήσεσθαι τὸν λαὸν ὑμῶν καὶ εὐφρανθῆναι σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ, ἅμα τοῖς πατριάρχαις καὶ τοῖς προφήταις καὶ τοῖς ἁγίοις τοῦ ἡμετέρου γένους ἢ καὶ τῶν προσηλύτων γενομένων πρὶν ἐλθεῖν ὑμῶν τὸν Χριστόν, προσδοκᾶτε, ἤ, ἵνα δόξῃς περικρατεῖν ἡμῶν ἐν ταῖς ζητήσεσι, πρὸς τὸ ταῦτα ὁμολογεῖν ἐχώρησας;
Kai ho Tryphōn pros tauta ephē; Eipon pros se, ō anthrōpe, hoti asphalēs en pasi spoudazeis einai tais graphais prosplekomenos. Eipe de moi, alēthōs hymeis anoikodomēthēnai ton topon Hierousalēm touton homologeite, kai synachthēsesthai ton laon hymōn kai euphranthēnai syn tǭ Christǭ, hama tois patriarchais kai tois prophētais kai tois hagiois tou hēmeterou genous ē kai tōn prosēlytōn genomenōn prin elthein hymōn ton Christon, prosdokate, ē, hina doxę̄s perikratein hēmōn en tais zētēsesi, pros to tauta homologein echōrēsas?
And Trypho said to this, “I told you, sir, that you are eager to be secure in everything by clinging to the Scriptures. But tell me, do you really confess that this place of Jerusalem will be rebuilt, and do you expect that your people will be gathered together and rejoice with Christ, together with the patriarchs and the prophets and the saints of our race, or of those who became proselytes before your Christ came? Or did you come to confess this so as to seem to get the better of us in the argument?”
Notes and citation
Summary: Trypho asks whether Justin really believes Jerusalem will be rebuilt and the saints gathered with Christ.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 80.1 (Archambault 2:30; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-80-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
80.2Archambault 2:30–32
Κἀγὼ εἶπον· Οὐχ οὕτω τάλας ἐγώ, ὦ Τρύφων, ὡς ἕτερα λέγειν παρʼ ἃ φρονῶ. Ὡμολόγησα οὖν σοι καὶ πρότερον ὅτι ἐγὼ μὲν καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ ταῦτα φρονοῦμεν, ὡς καὶ πάντως ἐπίστασθαι τοῦτο γενησόμενον· πολλοὺς δʼ αὖ καὶ τῶν τῆς καθαρᾶς καὶ εὐσεβοῦς ὄντων Χριστιανῶν γνώμης τοῦτο μὴ γνωρίζειν ἐσήμανά σοι.
Kagō eipon; Ouch houtō talas egō, ō Tryphōn, hōs hetera legein parʼ ha phronō. Hōmologēsa oun soi kai proteron hoti egō men kai alloi polloi tauta phronoumen, hōs kai pantōs epistasthai touto genēsomenon; pollous dʼ au kai tōn tēs katharas kai eusebous ontōn Christianōn gnōmēs touto mē gnōrizein esēmana soi.
And I said, “I am not so wretched, Trypho, as to say other things than I think. I confessed to you before that I and many others think these things, so that we know for certain that this will come about; but I also indicated to you that many, even of those who are of the pure and pious opinion of Christians, do not acknowledge this.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin holds that Jerusalem will be rebuilt, but admits many orthodox Christians do not.
- An important admission: Justin's millennial hope was not held by all orthodox Christians in his day.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 80.2 (Archambault 2:30–32; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-80-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
80.3Archambault 2:32
Τοὺς γὰρ λεγομένους μὲν Χριστιανούς, ὄντας δὲ ἀθέους καὶ ἀσεβεῖς αἱρεσιώτας, ὅτι κατὰ πάντα βλάσφημα καὶ ἄθεα καὶ ἀνόητα διδάσκουσιν, ἐδήλωσά σοι. Ὅτι δʼ οὐκ ἐφʼ ὑμῶν μόνων τοῦτο λέγειν με ἐπίστασθε, τῶν γεγενημένων ἡμῖν λόγων ἁπάντων, ὡς δύναμίς μου, σύνταξιν ποιήσομαι, ἐν οἷς καὶ τοῦτο ὁμολογοῦντά με, ὃ καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὁμολογῶ, ἐγγράψω. Οὐ γὰρ ἀνθρώποις μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνθρωπίνοις διδάγμασιν αἱροῦμαι ἀκολουθεῖν, ἀλλὰ θεῷ καὶ τοῖς παρʼ ἐκείνου διδάγμασιν.
Tous gar legomenous men Christianous, ontas de atheous kai asebeis hairesiōtas, hoti kata panta blasphēma kai athea kai anoēta didaskousin, edēlōsa soi. Hoti dʼ ouk ephʼ hymōn monōn touto legein me epistasthe, tōn gegenēmenōn hēmin logōn hapantōn, hōs dynamis mou, syntaxin poiēsomai, en hois kai touto homologounta me, ho kai pros hymas homologō, engrapsō. Ou gar anthrōpois mallon ē anthrōpinois didagmasin hairoumai akolouthein, alla theǭ kai tois parʼ ekeinou didagmasin.
“For I showed you that those who are called Christians, but are godless and impious heretics, teach things that are in every way blasphemous and godless and foolish. And so that you may know that I do not say this before you alone, I will make, as far as I can, a written account of all the discussions we have had, in which I will record myself confessing this, which I also confess to you. For I choose to follow not men or human teachings, but God and the teachings from him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin will write up the whole discussion.
- Justin announces the writing of this Dialogue.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 80.3 (Archambault 2:32; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-80-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
80.4Archambault 2:32–36
Εἰ γὰρ καὶ συνεβάλετε ὑμεῖς τισι λεγομένοις Χριστιανοῖς, καὶ τοῦτο μὴ ὁμολογοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ βλασφημεῖν τολμῶσι τὸν θεὸν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ τὸν θεὸν Ἰσαὰκ καὶ τὸν θεὸν Ἰακώβ, οἳ καὶ λέγουσι μὴ εἶναι νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν, ἀλλὰ ἅμα τῷ ἀποθνήσκειν τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἀναλαμβάνεσθαι εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, μὴ ὑπολάβητε αὐτοὺς Χριστιανούς, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ Ἰουδαίους, ἄν τις ὀρθῶς ἐξετάσῃ, ὁμολογήσειεν εἶναι τοὺς Σαδδουκαίους ἢ τὰς ὁμοίας αἱρέσεις Γενιστῶν καὶ Μεριστῶν καὶ Γαλιλαίων καὶ Ἑλληνιανῶν καὶ Φαρισαίων καὶ Βαπτιστῶν (καὶ μὴ ἀηδῶς ἀκούσητέ μου πάντα ἃ φρονῶ λέγοντος), ἀλλὰ λεγομένους μὲν Ἰουδαίους καὶ τέκνα Ἀβραάμ, καὶ χείλεσιν ὁμολογοῦντας τὸν θεόν, ὡς αὐτὸς κέκραγεν ὁ θεός, τὴν δὲ καρδίαν πόρρω ἔχειν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ.
Ei gar kai synebalete hymeis tisi legomenois Christianois, kai touto mē homologousin, alla kai blasphēmein tolmōsi ton theon Abraam kai ton theon Isaak kai ton theon Iakōb, hoi kai legousi mē einai nekrōn anastasin, alla hama tǭ apothnēskein tas psychas autōn analambanesthai eis ton ouranon, mē hypolabēte autous Christianous, hōsper oude Ioudaious, an tis orthōs exetasę̄, homologēseien einai tous Saddoukaious ē tas homoias haireseis Genistōn kai Meristōn kai Galilaiōn kai Hellēnianōn kai Pharisaiōn kai Baptistōn (kai mē aēdōs akousēte mou panta ha phronō legontos), alla legomenous men Ioudaious kai tekna Abraam, kai cheilesin homologountas ton theon, hōs autos kekragen ho theos, tēn de kardian porrō echein apʼ autou.
“For if you have met some who are called Christians, and do not confess this, but even dare to blaspheme the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob, who also say that there is no resurrection of the dead, but that as soon as they die their souls are taken up into heaven, do not suppose that they are Christians; just as no one, if he examines rightly, would admit that the Sadducees, or the similar sects of the Genistae and Meristae and Galileans and Hellenians and Pharisees and Baptists, are Jews (and do not be displeased at hearing me say all that I think), but they are called Jews and children of Abraham, and confess God with their lips, as God himself has cried, but have their heart far from him.
Matt 22:23 (echo, medium confidence) · 1 Cor 15:12 (echo, medium confidence) · Isa 29:13 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Those who deny the resurrection are not Christians, just as some Jewish sects are not true Jews.
- The Genistae, Meristae, and Hellenians are otherwise little known; this is one of the earliest lists of Jewish sects.
Topics: Heresy, Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 80.4 (Archambault 2:32–36; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-80-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
80.5Archambault 2:36
Ἐγὼ δέ, καὶ εἴ τινές εἰσιν ὀρθογνώμονες κατὰ πάντα Χριστιανοί, καὶ σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν γενήσεσθαι ἐπιστάμεθα καὶ χίλια ἔτη ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ οἰκοδομηθείσῃ καὶ κοσμηθείσῃ καὶ πλατυνθείσῃ, ὡς οἱ προφῆται Ἰεζεκιὴλ καὶ Ἡσαΐας καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ὁμολογοῦσιν.
Egō de, kai ei tines eisin orthognōmones kata panta Christianoi, kai sarkos anastasin genēsesthai epistametha kai chilia etē en Hierousalēm oikodomētheisę̄ kai kosmētheisę̄ kai platyntheisę̄, hōs hoi prophētai Iezekiēl kai Hēsaïas kai hoi alloi homologousin.
“But I, and any other Christians who are right-minded in all things, know that there will be a resurrection of the flesh, and a thousand years in Jerusalem, rebuilt and adorned and enlarged, as the prophets Ezekiel and Isaiah and the others acknowledge.
Rev 20:4 (echo, high confidence) · Ezek 37:12 (allusion, medium confidence) · Isa 65:17 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin expects a resurrection of the flesh and a thousand-year reign in a rebuilt Jerusalem.
- The classic early statement of Christian millenarianism (chiliasm).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong breathing)): ὁρθογνώμονες → ὀρθογνώμονες; Ήσαΐας → Ἡσαΐας.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 80.5 (Archambault 2:36; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-80-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 81
81.1Archambault 2:36–38
Οὕτως γὰρ Ἡσαΐας περὶ τῆς χιλιονταετηρίδος ταύτης εἶπεν· Ἔσται γὰρ ὁ οὐρανὸς καινὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ καινή, καὶ οὐ μὴ μνησθῶσι τῶν προτέρων οὐδὲ μὴ ἐπέλθῃ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν, ἀλλʼ εὐφροσύνην καὶ ἀγαλλίαμα εὑρήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῇ, ὅσα ἐγὼ κτίζω· ὅτι ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ποιῶ τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἀγαλλίαμα καὶ τὸν λαόν μου εὐφροσύνην, καὶ ἀγαλλιάσομαι ἐπὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ εὐφρανθήσομαι ἐπὶ τῷ λαῷ μου. Καὶ οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν αὐτῇ φωνὴ κλαυθμοῦ οὐδὲ φωνὴ κραυγῆς, καὶ οὐ μὴ γένηται ἔτι ἐκεῖ ἄωρος ἡμέραις καὶ πρεσβύτης ὃς οὐκ ἐμπλήσει τὸν χρόνον αὐτοῦ· ἔσται γὰρ ὁ νέος υἱὸς ἑκατὸν ἐτῶν, ὁ δὲ ἀποθνήσκων ἁμαρτωλὸς υἱὸς ἑκατὸν ἐτῶν καὶ ἐπικατάρατος ἔσται.
Houtōs gar Hēsaïas peri tēs chiliontaetēridos tautēs eipen; Estai gar ho ouranos kainos kai hē gē kainē, kai ou mē mnēsthōsi tōn proterōn oude mē epelthę̄ autōn epi tēn kardian, allʼ euphrosynēn kai agalliama heurēsousin en autę̄, hosa egō ktizō; hoti idou egō poiō tēn Hierousalēm agalliama kai ton laon mou euphrosynēn, kai agalliasomai epi Ierousalēm kai euphranthēsomai epi tǭ laǭ mou. Kai ouketi ou mē akousthę̄ en autę̄ phōnē klauthmou oude phōnē kraugēs, kai ou mē genētai eti ekei aōros hēmerais kai presbytēs hos ouk emplēsei ton chronon autou; estai gar ho neos huios hekaton etōn, ho de apothnēskōn hamartōlos huios hekaton etōn kai epikataratos estai.
“For Isaiah spoke thus about this period of a thousand years: ‘For there shall be a new heaven and a new earth, and they shall not remember the former things, nor shall they come into their heart; but they shall find in her gladness and exultation, the things which I create; for behold, I make Jerusalem an exultation and my people a gladness; and I will exult over Jerusalem and be glad over my people. And the voice of weeping shall no longer be heard in her, nor the voice of crying; and there shall no longer be there one untimely in days, or an old man who does not fill up his time; for the young man shall be a hundred years old, and the sinner who dies shall be a hundred years old and accursed.
Isa 65:17 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 65:18 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 65:19 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 65:20 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 65:17–20, read of the thousand years.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 81.1 (Archambault 2:36–38; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-81-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
81.2Archambault 2:38
Καὶ οἰκοδομήσουσιν οἰκίας καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐνοικήσουσι, καὶ καταφυτεύσουσιν ἀμπελῶνας καὶ αὐτοὶ φάγονται τὰ γεννήματα αὐτῶν. Οὐ μὴ οἰκοδομήσωσι καὶ ἄλλοι κατοικήσουσι, καὶ οὐ μὴ φυτεύσωσι καὶ ἄλλοι φάγονται· κατὰ γὰρ τὰς ἡμέρας τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ λαοῦ μου ἔσονται, τὰ ἔργα τῶν πόνων αὐτῶν παλαιώσουσιν. Οἱ ἐκλεκτοί μου οὐ μὴ πονέσουσιν εἰς κενὸν οὐδὲ τεκνοποιήσουσιν εἰς κατάραν· ὅτι σπέρμα δίκαιον καὶ εὐλογημένον ὑπὸ κυρίου ἔσονται, καὶ ἔγγονα αὐτῶν μετʼ αὐτῶν. Καὶ ἔσται πρὶν ἢ κεκράξαι αὐτοὺς ἐγὼ ἐπακούσομαι αὐτῶν· ἔτι λαλούντων αὐτῶν ἐρῶ· Τί ἐστι; Τότε λύκοι καὶ ἄρνες ἅμα βοσκηθήσονται, καὶ λέων ὡς βοῦς φάγεται ἄχυρα, ὄφις δὲ γῆν ὡς ἄρτον. Οὐκ ἀδικήσουσιν οὐδὲ λυμανοῦνται ἐπὶ τῷ ὄρει τῷ ἁγίῳ, λέγει κύριος.
Kai oikodomēsousin oikias kai autoi enoikēsousi, kai kataphyteusousin ampelōnas kai autoi phagontai ta gennēmata autōn. Ou mē oikodomēsōsi kai alloi katoikēsousi, kai ou mē phyteusōsi kai alloi phagontai; kata gar tas hēmeras tou xylou tēs zōēs hai hēmerai tou laou mou esontai, ta erga tōn ponōn autōn palaiōsousin. Hoi eklektoi mou ou mē ponesousin eis kenon oude teknopoiēsousin eis kataran; hoti sperma dikaion kai eulogēmenon hypo kyriou esontai, kai engona autōn metʼ autōn. Kai estai prin ē kekraxai autous egō epakousomai autōn; eti lalountōn autōn erō; Ti esti? Tote lykoi kai arnes hama boskēthēsontai, kai leōn hōs bous phagetai achyra, ophis de gēn hōs arton. Ouk adikēsousin oude lymanountai epi tǭ orei tǭ hagiǭ, legei kyrios.
“‘And they shall build houses and dwell in them themselves, and plant vineyards and eat their fruits themselves. They shall not build and others dwell in them, nor plant and others eat; for according to the days of the tree of life shall be the days of my people; they shall enjoy long the works of their labors. My elect shall not labor in vain, nor bear children for a curse; for they shall be a seed righteous and blessed by the Lord, and their offspring with them. And it shall be that before they cry I will hear them; while they are still speaking I will say, What is it? Then wolves and lambs shall feed together, and the lion shall eat straw like the ox, and the serpent earth as bread. They shall not hurt or destroy on the holy mountain, says the Lord.’
Isa 65:21 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 65:22 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 65:23 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 65:24 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 65:25 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 65:21–25.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 81.2 (Archambault 2:38; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-81-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
81.3Archambault 2:38–42
Τὸ οὖν εἰρημένον ἐν τοῖς λόγοις τούτοις, ἔφην· Κατὰ γὰρ τὰς ἡμέρας τοῦ ξύλου αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ λαοῦ μου ἔσονται, τὰ ἔργα τῶν πόνων αὐτῶν παλαιώσουσι, νενοήκαμεν ὅτι χίλια ἔτη ἐν μυστηρίῳ μηνύει. Ὡς γὰρ τῷ Ἀδὰμ εἴρητο, ὅτι ᾗ δʼ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ φάγῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου, ἐν ἐκείνῃ ἀποθανεῖται, ἔγνωμεν αὐτὸν μὴ ἀναπληρώσαντα χίλια ἔτη. Συνήκαμεν καὶ τὸ εἰρημένον, ὅτι Ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς χίλια ἔτη, εἰς τοῦτο συνάγειν.
To oun eirēmenon en tois logois toutois, ephēn; Kata gar tas hēmeras tou xylou hai hēmerai tou laou mou esontai, ta erga tōn ponōn autōn palaiōsousi, nenoēkamen hoti chilia etē en mystēriǭ mēnyei. Hōs gar tǭ Adam eirēto, hoti hę̄ dʼ an hēmerą phagę̄ apo tou xylou, en ekeinę̄ apothaneitai, egnōmen auton mē anaplērōsanta chilia etē. Synēkamen kai to eirēmenon, hoti Hēmera kyriou hōs chilia etē, eis touto synagein.
“Now what is said in these words,” I said, “‘For according to the days of the tree shall be the days of my people; they shall enjoy long the works of their labors,’ we have understood to indicate a thousand years in a mystery. For as it was said to Adam that in the day he ate of the tree he would die, we know that he did not complete a thousand years. We have understood also that the saying, ‘The day of the Lord is as a thousand years,’ bears on this.
Isa 65:22 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 2:17 (allusion, high confidence) · Ps 90:4 (89:4 LXX) (allusion, high confidence) · 2 Pet 3:8 (echo, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: “The days of the tree” mean a thousand years: Adam died within a “day” of a thousand years.
Extrabiblical texts: Barn. 15.4 (Epistle of Barnabas; echo)
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 81.3 (Archambault 2:38–42; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-81-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
81.4Archambault 2:42
Καὶ ἔπειτα καὶ παρʼ ἡμῖν ἀνήρ τις, ᾧ ὄνομα Ἰωάννης, εἷς τῶν ἀποστόλων τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐν ἀποκαλύψει γενομένῃ αὐτῷ χίλια ἔτη ποιήσειν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ τοὺς τῷ ἡμετέρῳ Χριστῷ πιστεύσαντας προεφήτευσε, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα τὴν καθολικὴν καί, συνελόντι φάναι, αἰωνίαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἅμα πάντων ἀνάστασιν γενήσεσθαι καὶ κρίσιν. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν εἶπεν, ὅτι Οὔτε γαμήσουσιν οὔτε γαμηθήσονται, ἀλλὰ ἰσάγγελοι ἔσονται, τέκνα τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ὄντες.
Kai epeita kai parʼ hēmin anēr tis, hǭ onoma Iōannēs, heis tōn apostolōn tou Christou, en apokalypsei genomenę̄ autǭ chilia etē poiēsein en Hierousalēm tous tǭ hēmeterǭ Christǭ pisteusantas proephēteuse, kai meta tauta tēn katholikēn kai, synelonti phanai, aiōnian homothymadon hama pantōn anastasin genēsesthai kai krisin. Hoper kai ho kyrios hēmōn eipen, hoti Oute gamēsousin oute gamēthēsontai, alla isangeloi esontai, tekna tou theou tēs anastaseōs ontes.
“And further, among us too a man named John, one of the apostles of Christ, in a revelation that came to him, prophesied that those who have believed in our Christ will spend a thousand years in Jerusalem, and that after that the general, and in a word eternal, resurrection of all together and judgment will take place. Which our Lord also said: ‘They shall neither marry nor be given in marriage, but shall be equal to the angels, being children of the God of the resurrection.’
Rev 20:4 (allusion, high confidence) · Rev 20:5 (allusion, high confidence) · Rev 20:12 (allusion, medium confidence) · Luke 20:35 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 20:36 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 22:30 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: John the apostle, in the Revelation, foretold the thousand years and then the general resurrection and judgment.
- The earliest surviving attribution of the book of Revelation to John the apostle.
Topics: Eschatology, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 81.4 (Archambault 2:42; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-81-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 82
82.1Archambault 2:42–44
Παρὰ γὰρ ἡμῖν καὶ μέχρι νῦν προφητικὰ χαρίσματά ἐστιν, ἐξ οὗ καὶ αὐτοὶ συνιέναι ὀφείλετε, ὅτι τὰ πάλαι ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν ὄντα εἰς ἡμᾶς μετετέθη. Ὅνπερ δὲ τρόπον καὶ ψευδοπροφῆται ἐπὶ τῶν παρʼ ὑμῖν γενομένων ἁγίων προφητῶν ἦσαν, καὶ παρʼ ἡμῖν νῦν πολλοί εἰσι καὶ ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι, οὓς φυλάσσεσθαι προεῖπεν ἡμῖν ὁ ἡμέτερος κύριος, ὡς ἐν μηδενὶ ὑστερεῖσθαι ἡμᾶς, ἐπισταμένους ὅτι προγνώστης ἦν τῶν μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν καὶ ἄνοδον τὴν εἰς οὐρανὸν μελλόντων γίνεσθαι ἡμῖν.
Para gar hēmin kai mechri nyn prophētika charismata estin, ex hou kai autoi synienai opheilete, hoti ta palai en tǭ genei hymōn onta eis hēmas metetethē. Honper de tropon kai pseudoprophētai epi tōn parʼ hymin genomenōn hagiōn prophētōn ēsan, kai parʼ hēmin nyn polloi eisi kai pseudodidaskaloi, hous phylassesthai proeipen hēmin ho hēmeteros kyrios, hōs en mēdeni hystereisthai hēmas, epistamenous hoti prognōstēs ēn tōn meta tēn anastasin autou tēn apo tōn nekrōn kai anodon tēn eis ouranon mellontōn ginesthai hēmin.
“For among us even until now there are prophetic gifts, from which you yourselves ought to understand that the gifts formerly in your race have been transferred to us. And just as there were false prophets in the time of the holy prophets among you, so among us too there are now many false teachers, of whom our Lord warned us beforehand to beware, so that we are in no respect lacking, knowing that he foreknew what would happen to us after his resurrection from the dead and his ascent into heaven.
2 Pet 2:1 (echo, high confidence) · Matt 7:15 (allusion, medium confidence) · 1 Cor 1:7 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Prophetic gifts continue in the church, as do false teachers, as Christ foretold.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 82.1 (Archambault 2:42–44; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-82-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
82.2Archambault 2:44
Εἶπε γὰρ ὅτι φονεύεσθαι καὶ μισεῖσθαι διὰ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ μέλλομεν, καὶ ὅτι ψευδοπροφῆται καὶ ψευδόχριστοι πολλοὶ ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ παρελεύσονται καὶ πολλοὺς πλανήσουσιν· ὅπερ καὶ ἔστι.
Eipe gar hoti phoneuesthai kai miseisthai dia to onoma autou mellomen, kai hoti pseudoprophētai kai pseudochristoi polloi epi tǭ onomati autou pareleusontai kai pollous planēsousin; hoper kai esti.
“For he said that we would be put to death and hated for his name's sake, and that many false prophets and false Christs would appear in his name and would lead many astray; which is so.
Matt 24:9 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 24:11 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 24:24 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ foretold persecution and false prophets.
Topics: Persecution, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 82.2 (Archambault 2:44; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-82-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
82.3Archambault 2:44–46
Πολλοὶ γὰρ ἄθεα καὶ βλάσφημα καὶ ἄδικα ἐν ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ παραχαράσσοντες ἐδίδαξαν, καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀκαθάρτου πνεύματος διαβόλου ἐμβαλλόμενα ταῖς διανοίαις αὐτῶν ἐδίδαξαν καὶ διδάσκουσι μέχρι νῦν· οὓς ὁμοίως ὑμῖν μεταπείθειν μὴ πλανᾶσθαι ἀγωνιζόμεθα, εἰδότες ὅτι πᾶς ὁ δυνάμενος λέγειν τὸ ἀληθὲς καὶ μὴ λέγων κριθήσεται ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὡς διὰ τοῦ Ἰεζεκιὴλ διεμαρτύρατο ὁ θεός, εἰπὼν ὅτι Σκοπὸν τέθεικά σε τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰούδα. Ἐὰν ἁμάρτῃ ὁ ἁμαρτωλὸς καὶ μὴ διαμαρτύρῃ αὐτῷ, αὐτὸς μὲν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἀπολεῖται, παρὰ σοῦ δὲ τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐκζητήσω· ἐὰν δὲ διαμαρτύρῃ αὐτῷ, ἀθῷος ἔσῃ.
Polloi gar athea kai blasphēma kai adika en onomati autou paracharassontes edidaxan, kai ta apo tou akathartou pneumatos diabolou emballomena tais dianoiais autōn edidaxan kai didaskousi mechri nyn; hous homoiōs hymin metapeithein mē planasthai agōnizometha, eidotes hoti pas ho dynamenos legein to alēthes kai mē legōn krithēsetai hypo tou theou, hōs dia tou Iezekiēl diemartyrato ho theos, eipōn hoti Skopon tetheika se tǭ oikǭ Iouda. Ean hamartę̄ ho hamartōlos kai mē diamartyrę̄ autǭ, autos men tę̄ hamartią autou apoleitai, para sou de to haima autou ekzētēsō; ean de diamartyrę̄ autǭ, athǭos esę̄.
“For many, counterfeiting in his name, have taught godless and blasphemous and unjust things, and have taught and still teach what the unclean spirit, the devil, casts into their minds; whom we strive to persuade, as we do you, not to be led astray, knowing that everyone who can speak the truth and does not will be judged by God, as God testified through Ezekiel, saying: ‘I have made you a watchman for the house of Judah. If the sinner sins and you do not warn him, he shall perish in his sin, but I will require his blood from you; but if you warn him, you shall be innocent.’
Ezek 3:17 (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 3:18 (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 3:19 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christians must warn others, as Ezekiel was told to be a watchman.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips (σοῦ misread as τοῦ; wrong breathing); restored from the sense and Ezek 3:18): παρὰ τοῦ δὲ τὸ αἷμα αὺτοῦ → παρὰ σοῦ δὲ τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 82.3 (Archambault 2:44–46; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-82-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
82.4Archambault 2:46
Διὰ δέος οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς σπουδάζομεν ὁμιλεῖν κατὰ τὰς γραφάς, ἀλλʼ οὐ διὰ φιλοχρηματίαν ἢ φιλοδοξίαν ἢ φιληδονίαν· ἐν οὐδενὶ γὰρ τούτων ἐλέγξαι ἡμᾶς ὄντας δύναταί τις. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἄρχουσι τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ ὑμετέρου θέλομεν ζῆν, οὓς ὀνειδίζει ὁ θεὸς λέγων· Οἱ ἄρχοντες ὑμῶν κοινωνοὶ κλεπτῶν, φιλοῦντες δῶρα, διώκοντες ἀνταπόδομα. Εἰ δέ τινας καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν τοιούτους γνωρίζετε, ἀλλʼ οὖν γε τὰς γραφὰς καὶ τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τοὺς τοιούτους μὴ βλασφημῆτε καὶ παρεξηγεῖσθαι σπουδάζητε.
Dia deos oun kai hēmeis spoudazomen homilein kata tas graphas, allʼ ou dia philochrēmatian ē philodoxian ē philēdonian; en oudeni gar toutōn elenxai hēmas ontas dynatai tis. Oude gar homoiōs tois archousi tou laou tou hymeterou thelomen zēn, hous oneidizei ho theos legōn; Hoi archontes hymōn koinōnoi kleptōn, philountes dōra, diōkontes antapodoma. Ei de tinas kai en hēmin toioutous gnōrizete, allʼ oun ge tas graphas kai ton Christon dia tous toioutous mē blasphēmēte kai parexēgeisthai spoudazēte.
“It is through fear, then, that we too are eager to converse according to the Scriptures, and not through love of money or of glory or of pleasure; for no one can convict us of any of these. For we do not wish to live like the rulers of your people, whom God reproaches, saying: ‘Your rulers are companions of thieves, loving gifts, pursuing rewards.’ But if you know some among us too who are such, do not for their sake blaspheme the Scriptures and Christ, and strive to twist them.
Isa 1:23 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin speaks out of fear of God, not for gain.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (doubled letter)): βλλασφημῆτε → βλασφημῆτε.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 82.4 (Archambault 2:46; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-82-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 83
83.1Archambault 2:46–48
Καὶ γὰρ τὸ Λέγει κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου· Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου, εἰς Ἐζεκίαν εἰρῆσθαι ἐτόλμησαν ὑμῶν οἱ διδάσκαλοι ἐξηγήσασθαι, ὡς κελευσθέντος αὐτοῦ ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ ναοῦ καθεσθῆναι, ὅτε προσέπεμψεν αὐτῷ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων ἀπειλῶν, καὶ ἐσημάνθη αὐτῷ διὰ τοῦ Ἡσαίου μὴ φοβεῖσθαι αὐτόν. Καὶ ὅτι μὲν γέγονε τὰ λεχθέντα ὑπὸ Ἡσαΐου οὕτως, καὶ ἀπεστράφη ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων τοῦ μὴ πολεμῆσαι τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐν ἡμέραις τοῦ Ἐζεκίου, καὶ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἀνεῖλεν ἐκ τῆς παρεμβολῆς τῶν Ἀσσυρίων εἰς ἑκατὸν ὀγδοήκοντα πέντε χιλιάδας, καὶ ἐπιστάμεθα καὶ ὁμολογοῦμεν.
Kai gar to Legei kyrios tǭ kyriǭ mou; Kathou ek dexiōn mou, heōs an thō tous echthrous sou hypopodion tōn podōn sou, eis Ezekian eirēsthai etolmēsan hymōn hoi didaskaloi exēgēsasthai, hōs keleusthentos autou en dexią tou naou kathesthēnai, hote prosepempsen autǭ ho basileus Assyriōn apeilōn, kai esēmanthē autǭ dia tou Hēsaiou mē phobeisthai auton. Kai hoti men gegone ta lechthenta hypo Hēsaïou houtōs, kai apestraphē ho basileus Assyriōn tou mē polemēsai tēn Hierousalēm en hēmerais tou Ezekiou, kai angelos kyriou aneilen ek tēs parembolēs tōn Assyriōn eis hekaton ogdoēkonta pente chiliadas, kai epistametha kai homologoumen.
“For your teachers dared to explain that ‘The Lord says to my Lord, Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet,’ was spoken of Hezekiah, as though he had been ordered to sit at the right side of the temple when the king of Assyria sent to him with threats, and it was indicated to him through Isaiah not to fear him. And that the things spoken by Isaiah happened so, and that the king of Assyria was turned back from making war on Jerusalem in the days of Hezekiah, and that an angel of the Lord slew out of the camp of the Assyrians a hundred and eighty-five thousand, we both know and admit.
Ps 110:1 (109:1 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · 2 Kgs 19:35 (allusion, high confidence) · Isa 37:36 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Jewish teachers apply Psalm 110 to Hezekiah.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 83.1 (Archambault 2:46–48; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-83-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
83.2Archambault 2:48
Ὅτι δὲ εἰς αὐτὸν οὐκ εἴρηται ὁ ψαλμός, δῆλον. Ἔχει γὰρ οὕτως· Λέγει κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου· Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου. Ῥάβδον δυνάμεως ἐξαποστελεῖ ἐπὶ Ἱερουσαλήμ, καὶ κατακυριεύσει ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου. Ἐν λαμπρότητι τῶν ἁγίων, πρὸ ἑωσφόρου ἐγέννησά σε. Ὤμοσε κύριος καὶ οὐ μεταμεληθήσεται· Σὺ ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδέκ
Hoti de eis auton ouk eirētai ho psalmos, dēlon. Echei gar houtōs; Legei kyrios tǭ kyriǭ mou; Kathou ek dexiōn mou, heōs an thō tous echthrous sou hypopodion tōn podōn sou. Rhabdon dynameōs exapostelei epi Hierousalēm, kai katakyrieusei en mesǭ tōn echthrōn sou. En lamprotēti tōn hagiōn, pro heōsphorou egennēsa se. Ōmose kyrios kai ou metamelēthēsetai; Sy hiereus eis ton aiōna kata tēn taxin Melchisedek
“But it is plain that the psalm was not spoken of him. For it runs thus: ‘The Lord says to my Lord, Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet. He shall send out a rod of power over Jerusalem, and it shall rule in the midst of your enemies. In the splendor of the saints, before the morning star I begot you. The Lord has sworn and will not repent: You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.’
Ps 110:1 (109:1 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 110:2 (109:2 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 110:3 (109:3 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 110:4 (109:4 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ps 110:1–4.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 83.2 (Archambault 2:48; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-83-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
83.3Archambault 2:48
Ὅτι οὖν Ἐζεκίας οὐκ ἔστιν ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδέκ, τίς οὐχ ὁμολογεῖ; Καὶ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ λυτρούμενος τὴν Ἱερουσαλήμ, τίς οὐκ ἐπίσταται; Καὶ ὅτι ῥάβδον δυνάμεως αὐτὸς οὐκ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ κατεκυρίευσεν ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ, ἀλλʼ ὁ θεὸς ἦν ὁ ἀποστρέψας ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ κλαίοντος καὶ ὀδυρομένου τοὺς πολεμίους, τίς οὐ γινώσκει;
Hoti oun Ezekias ouk estin hiereus eis ton aiōna kata tēn taxin Melchisedek, tis ouch homologei? Kai hoti ouk estin ho lytroumenos tēn Hierousalēm, tis ouk epistatai? Kai hoti rhabdon dynameōs autos ouk apesteilen eis Hierousalēm kai katekyrieusen en mesǭ tōn echthrōn autou, allʼ ho theos ēn ho apostrepsas apʼ autou klaiontos kai odyromenou tous polemious, tis ou ginōskei?
“Who does not admit, then, that Hezekiah is not a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek? And who does not know that he is not the redeemer of Jerusalem? And who does not know that he himself did not send a rod of power into Jerusalem and rule in the midst of his enemies, but that it was God who turned the enemies away from him as he wept and lamented?
Isa 38:3 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: None of this fits Hezekiah.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 83.3 (Archambault 2:48; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-83-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
83.4Archambault 2:48–50
Ὁ δὲ ἡμέτερος Ἰησοῦς, οὐδέπω ἐνδόξως ἐλθών, ῥάβδον δυνάμεως εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐξαπέστειλε, τὸν λόγον τῆς κλήσεως καὶ τῆς μετανοίας πρὸς τὰ ἔθνη ἅπαντα, ὅπου τὰ δαιμόνια ἀπεκυρίευεν αὐτῶν, ὥς φησι Δαυίδ· Οἱ θεοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν δαιμόνια. Καὶ ἰσχυρὸς ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ πέπεικε πολλοὺς καταλιπεῖν δαιμόνια, οἷς ἐδούλευον, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν παντοκράτορα θεὸν διʼ αὐτοῦ πιστεύειν, ὅτι δαιμόνιά εἰσιν οἱ θεοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν. Καὶ τὸ Ἐν τῇ λαμπρότητι τῶν ἁγίων, ἐκ γαστρὸς πρὸ ἑωσφόρου ἐγέννησά σε, τῷ Χριστῷ εἴρηται, ὡς προέφημεν.
Ho de hēmeteros Iēsous, oudepō endoxōs elthōn, rhabdon dynameōs eis Hierousalēm exapesteile, ton logon tēs klēseōs kai tēs metanoias pros ta ethnē hapanta, hopou ta daimonia apekyrieuen autōn, hōs phēsi Dauid; Hoi theoi tōn ethnōn daimonia. Kai ischyros ho logos autou pepeike pollous katalipein daimonia, hois edouleuon, kai epi ton pantokratora theon diʼ autou pisteuein, hoti daimonia eisin hoi theoi tōn ethnōn. Kai to En tę̄ lamprotēti tōn hagiōn, ek gastros pro heōsphorou egennēsa se, tǭ Christǭ eirētai, hōs proephēmen.
“But our Jesus, not yet having come in glory, has sent into Jerusalem a rod of power, the word of calling and of repentance to all the nations, where the demons ruled over them, as David says: ‘The gods of the nations are demons.’ And his mighty word has persuaded many to forsake the demons they served and to believe through him in God Almighty, because the gods of the nations are demons. And the words, ‘In the splendor of the saints, from the womb before the morning star I begot you,’ were spoken to Christ, as we said before.
Ps 110:2 (109:2 LXX) (allusion, high confidence) · Ps 110:3 (109:3 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 96:5 (95:5 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ's “rod of power” is the word of repentance sent from Jerusalem to the nations.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (missing accent)): ῥάβδον δυναμεως → ῥάβδον δυνάμεως.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 83.4 (Archambault 2:48–50; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-83-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 84
84.1Archambault 2:50
Καὶ τὸ Ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ λήψεται καὶ τέξεται υἱὸν εἰς τοῦτον προείρητο. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἐκ παρθένου οὗτος, περὶ οὗ Ἡσαίας ἔλεγεν, ἔμελλε γεννᾶσθαι, εἰς ὃν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἐβόα· Ἰδοὺ κύριος αὐτὸς ἡμῖν δώσει σημεῖον· ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ λήψεται καὶ τέξεται υἱόν; Εἰ γὰρ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασι πρωτοτόκοις καὶ οὗτος γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ συνουσίας ἔμελλε, τί καὶ ὁ θεὸς σημεῖον, ὃ μὴ πᾶσι τοῖς πρωτοτόκοις κοινόν ἐστιν, ἔλεγε ποιεῖν;
Kai to Idou hē parthenos en gastri lēpsetai kai texetai huion eis touton proeirēto. Ei gar mē ek parthenou houtos, peri hou Hēsaias elegen, emelle gennasthai, eis hon to hagion pneuma eboa; Idou kyrios autos hēmin dōsei sēmeion; idou hē parthenos en gastri lēpsetai kai texetai huion? Ei gar homoiōs tois allois hapasi prōtotokois kai houtos gennasthai ek synousias emelle, ti kai ho theos sēmeion, ho mē pasi tois prōtotokois koinon estin, elege poiein?
“And ‘Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son’ was foretold of him. For if he of whom Isaiah spoke was not to be born of a virgin, of whom did the Holy Spirit cry, ‘Behold, the Lord himself will give us a sign: behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son’? For if he too was to be born of intercourse like all other firstborn, why did God say he would give a sign which is not common to all the firstborn?
Isa 7:14 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: A “sign” must be something extraordinary, not an ordinary birth.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 84.1 (Archambault 2:50; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-84-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
84.2Archambault 2:50–52
Ἀλλʼ ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀληθῶς σημεῖον καὶ πιστὸν τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἔμελλε γίνεσθαι, τουτέστι διὰ παρθενικῆς μήτρας τὸν πρωτότοκον τῶν πάντων ποιημάτων σαρκοποιηθέντα ἀληθῶς παιδίον γενέσθαι, προλαβὼν αὐτὸ διὰ τοῦ προφητικοῦ πνεύματος κατὰ ἄλλον καὶ ἄλλον τρόπον, ὡς ἀνιστόρησα ὑμῖν, προεκήρυξεν, ἵνα ὅταν γένηται δυνάμει καὶ βουλῇ τοῦ τῶν ὅλων ποιητοῦ γενόμενον γνωσθῇ· ὡς καὶ ἀπὸ πλευρᾶς μιᾶς τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ἡ Εὔα γέγονε, καὶ ὥσπερ τἄλλα πάντα ζῶα λόγῳ θεοῦ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐγεννήθη.
Allʼ hoper estin alēthōs sēmeion kai piston tǭ genei tōn anthrōpōn emelle ginesthai, toutesti dia parthenikēs mētras ton prōtotokon tōn pantōn poiēmatōn sarkopoiēthenta alēthōs paidion genesthai, prolabōn auto dia tou prophētikou pneumatos kata allon kai allon tropon, hōs anistorēsa hymin, proekēryxen, hina hotan genētai dynamei kai boulę̄ tou tōn holōn poiētou genomenon gnōsthę̄; hōs kai apo pleuras mias tou Adam hē Eua gegone, kai hōsper talla panta zōa logǭ theou tēn archēn egennēthē.
“But what is truly a sign, and was to be trustworthy to the human race, namely that through a virgin womb the firstborn of all creation should be made flesh and truly become a child, this he took up beforehand and proclaimed through the prophetic Spirit in one way and another, as I have recounted to you, so that when it came about it might be recognized as having come about by the power and will of the Maker of all things; just as Eve was made from one of Adam's ribs, and as all other living things were begotten in the beginning by the word of God.
Col 1:15 (echo, high confidence) · Gen 2:22 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The virgin birth is the true sign, as wondrous as Eve's creation from Adam's rib.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 84.2 (Archambault 2:50–52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-84-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
84.3Archambault 2:52
Ὑμεῖς δὲ καὶ ἐν τούτοις παραγράφειν τὰς ἐξηγήσεις, ἃς ἐξηγήσαντο οἱ πρεσβύτεροι ὑμῶν παρὰ Πτολεμαίῳ τῷ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων βασιλεῖ γενομένῳ, τολμᾶτε, λέγοντες μὴ ἔχειν τὴν γραφὴν ὡς ἐκεῖνοι ἐξηγήσαντο, ἀλλʼ· Ἰδού, φησίν, ἡ νεᾶνις ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει, ὡς μεγάλων πραγμάτων σημαινομένων, εἰ γυνὴ ἀπὸ συνουσίας τίκτειν ἔμελλεν, ὅπερ πᾶσαι αἱ νεάνιδες γυναῖκες ποιοῦσι πλὴν τῶν στειρῶν, ἃς καὶ αὐτὰς βουληθεὶς ὁ θεὸς γεννᾶν ποιῆσαι δυνατός.
Hymeis de kai en toutois paragraphein tas exēgēseis, has exēgēsanto hoi presbyteroi hymōn para Ptolemaiǭ tǭ tōn Aigyptiōn basilei genomenǭ, tolmate, legontes mē echein tēn graphēn hōs ekeinoi exēgēsanto, allʼ; Idou, phēsin, hē neanis en gastri hexei, hōs megalōn pragmatōn sēmainomenōn, ei gynē apo synousias tiktein emellen, hoper pasai hai neanides gynaikes poiousi plēn tōn steirōn, has kai autas boulētheis ho theos gennan poiēsai dynatos.
“But in this too you dare to alter the translations which your elders made at the court of Ptolemy, king of the Egyptians, saying that the Scripture does not read as they translated, but, ‘Behold, the young woman shall conceive,’ as though great things were signified if a woman were to bear from intercourse, which all young women do except the barren; and even these God can make bear if he wishes.
Isa 7:14 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: A young woman bearing a child is no sign; and God can make even the barren bear.
Topics: Christology, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 84.3 (Archambault 2:52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-84-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
84.4Archambault 2:52–54
Ἡ μήτηρ γὰρ τοῦ Σαμουὴλ μὴ τίκτουσα διὰ βουλὴν θεοῦ τέτοκε, καὶ ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ ἁγίου πατριάρχου Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἐλισάβετ ἡ τὸν βαπτιστὴν Ἰωάννην τεκοῦσα, καὶ ἄλλαι τινὲς ὁμοίως. Ὥστε οὐκ ἀδύνατον ὑπολαμβάνειν δεῖ ὑμᾶς πάντα δύνασθαι τὸν θεὸν ὅσα βούλεται. Καὶ μάλιστα, ἐπειδὴ ἐπεπροφήτευτο μέλλειν γίνεσθαι, μὴ παραγράφειν ἢ παρεξηγεῖσθαι τολμᾶτε τὰς προφητείας, ἐπεὶ ἑαυτοὺς μόνους ἀδικήσετε, τὸν δὲ θεὸν οὐ βλάψετε.
Hē mētēr gar tou Samouēl mē tiktousa dia boulēn theou tetoke, kai hē gynē tou hagiou patriarchou Abraam kai Elisabet hē ton baptistēn Iōannēn tekousa, kai allai tines homoiōs. Hōste ouk adynaton hypolambanein dei hymas panta dynasthai ton theon hosa bouletai. Kai malista, epeidē epeprophēteuto mellein ginesthai, mē paragraphein ē parexēgeisthai tolmate tas prophēteias, epei heautous monous adikēsete, ton de theon ou blapsete.
“For the mother of Samuel, who was not bearing, bore by the will of God, and so did the wife of the holy patriarch Abraham, and Elizabeth who bore John the Baptist, and some others likewise. So you must not suppose it impossible for God to do whatever he wills. And especially, since it had been prophesied that it would happen, do not dare to alter or misinterpret the prophecies, since you will wrong only yourselves and will not harm God.
1 Sam 1:20 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 21:2 (allusion, high confidence) · Luke 1:57 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God gave children to the barren; the prophecies must not be altered.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (stray letter); digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): πατριάρχου Ἀβραάμ καὶ → πατριάρχου Ἀβραὰμ καὶ; γίνεσθται → γίνεσθαι.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 84.4 (Archambault 2:52–54; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-84-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 85
85.1Archambault 2:54
Καὶ γὰρ τὴν προφητείαν τὴν λέγουσαν· Ἄρατε πύλας οἱ ἄρχοντες ὑμῶν, καὶ ἐπάρθητε πύλαι αἰώνιοι, ἵνα εἰσέλθῃ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς δόξης, ὁμοίως εἰς τὸν Ἐζεκίαν τολμῶσί τινες ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐξηγεῖσθαι εἰρῆσθαι, ἄλλοι δὲ εἰς Σολομῶνα. Οὐ δὲ εἰς τοῦτον οὐδὲ εἰς ἐκεῖνον οὔτε εἰς ἄλλον ἁπλῶς λεγόμενον ὑμῶν βασιλέα δυνατὸν ἀποδειχθῆναι εἰρῆσθαι, εἰς δὲ μόνον τοῦτον τὸν ἡμέτερον Χριστόν, τὸν ἀειδῆ καὶ ἄτιμον φανέντα, ὡς Ἡσαίας ἔφη καὶ Δαυΐδ καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ γραφαί, ὅς ἐστι κύριος τῶν δυνάμεων διὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ δόντος αὐτῷ πατρός, ὃς καὶ ἀνέστη ἐκ νεκρῶν καὶ ἀνῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, ὡς καὶ ὁ ψαλμὸς καὶ αἱ ἄλλαι γραφαὶ ἐδήλουν, καὶ κύριον αὐτὸν τῶν δυνάμεων κατήγγελλον, ὡς καὶ νῦν ἐκ τῶν ὑπʼ ὄψιν γινομένων ῥᾷον ὑμᾶς πεισθῆναι, ἐὰν θέλητε.
Kai gar tēn prophēteian tēn legousan; Arate pylas hoi archontes hymōn, kai eparthēte pylai aiōnioi, hina eiselthę̄ ho basileus tēs doxēs, homoiōs eis ton Ezekian tolmōsi tines ex hymōn exēgeisthai eirēsthai, alloi de eis Solomōna. Ou de eis touton oude eis ekeinon oute eis allon haplōs legomenon hymōn basilea dynaton apodeichthēnai eirēsthai, eis de monon touton ton hēmeteron Christon, ton aeidē kai atimon phanenta, hōs Hēsaias ephē kai Dauïd kai pasai hai graphai, hos esti kyrios tōn dynameōn dia to thelēma tou dontos autǭ patros, hos kai anestē ek nekrōn kai anēlthen eis ton ouranon, hōs kai ho psalmos kai hai allai graphai edēloun, kai kyrion auton tōn dynameōn katēngellon, hōs kai nyn ek tōn hypʼ opsin ginomenōn rhąon hymas peisthēnai, ean thelēte.
“For some of you dare to explain that the prophecy which says, ‘Lift up your gates, you rulers, and be lifted up, you everlasting gates, that the King of glory may enter,’ was likewise spoken of Hezekiah, and others of Solomon. But it cannot be shown to have been spoken of the one or the other, or of any other of your so-called kings, but only of this our Christ, who appeared without form and honor, as Isaiah and David and all the Scriptures said; who is Lord of hosts by the will of the Father who gave it to him; who also rose from the dead and went up into heaven, as the psalm and the other Scriptures showed, and proclaimed him Lord of hosts; as you can now more easily be persuaded from what happens before your eyes, if you will.
Ps 24:7 (23:7 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:2 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 24 fits neither Hezekiah nor Solomon, but only Christ.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 85.1 (Archambault 2:54; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-85-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
85.2Archambault 2:54–56
Κατὰ γὰρ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ τούτου τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πρωτοτόκου πάσης κτίσεως, καὶ διὰ παρθένου γεννηθέντος καὶ παθητοῦ γενομένου ἀνθρώπου, καὶ σταυρωθέντος ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου ὑπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ ὑμῶν καὶ ἀποθανόντος, καὶ ἀναστάντος ἐκ νεκρῶν καὶ ἀναβάντος εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, πᾶν δαιμόνιον ἐξορκιζόμενον νικᾶται καὶ ὑποτάσσεται.
Kata gar tou onomatos autou toutou tou huiou tou theou kai prōtotokou pasēs ktiseōs, kai dia parthenou gennēthentos kai pathētou genomenou anthrōpou, kai staurōthentos epi Pontiou Pilatou hypo tou laou hymōn kai apothanontos, kai anastantos ek nekrōn kai anabantos eis ton ouranon, pan daimonion exorkizomenon nikatai kai hypotassetai.
“For by the name of this very Son of God and firstborn of all creation, who was born through a virgin and became a man subject to suffering, and was crucified under Pontius Pilate by your people and died, and rose from the dead and went up into heaven, every demon when exorcised is conquered and subdued.
Col 1:15 (echo, high confidence) · Luke 10:17 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Every demon is subdued by the name of the crucified and risen Son of God.
- The exorcism formula is an early form of the creed.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 85.2 (Archambault 2:54–56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-85-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
85.3Archambault 2:56
Ἐὰν δὲ κατὰ παντὸς ὀνόματος τῶν παρʼ ὑμῖν γεγενημένων ἢ βασιλέων ἢ δικαίων ἢ προφητῶν ἢ πατριαρχῶν ἐξορκίζητε ὑμεῖς, οὐχ ὑποταγήσεται οὐδὲν τῶν δαιμονίων· ἀλλʼ εἰ ἄρα ἐξορκίζοι τις ὑμῶν κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ θεοῦ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ θεοῦ Ἰακώβ, ἴσως ὑποταγήσεται. Ἤδη μέντοι οἱ ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐπορκισταὶ τῇ τέχνῃ, ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ ἔθνη, χρώμενοι ἐξορκίζουσι καὶ θυμιάμασι καὶ καταδέσμοις χρῶνται, εἶπον.
Ean de kata pantos onomatos tōn parʼ hymin gegenēmenōn ē basileōn ē dikaiōn ē prophētōn ē patriarchōn exorkizēte hymeis, ouch hypotagēsetai ouden tōn daimoniōn; allʼ ei ara exorkizoi tis hymōn kata tou theou Abraam kai theou Isaak kai theou Iakōb, isōs hypotagēsetai. Ēdē mentoi hoi ex hymōn eporkistai tę̄ technę̄, hōsper kai ta ethnē, chrōmenoi exorkizousi kai thymiamasi kai katadesmois chrōntai, eipon.
“But if you exorcise by any name of those who have been among you, kings or righteous men or prophets or patriarchs, not one of the demons will be subject to you; but perhaps, if one of you exorcised by the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob, it would be subject. But I have already said that your exorcists use their art like the nations, and employ fumigations and binding spells.”
Acts 19:13 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Exorcism in other names fails, except perhaps in the name of the God of Abraham.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): Ἢδη μέντοι → Ἤδη μέντοι.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 85.3 (Archambault 2:56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-85-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
85.4Archambault 2:56–58
Ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἄγγελοι καὶ δυνάμεις εἰσίν, οἷς ὁ λόγος ὁ τῆς προφητείας τῆς διὰ Δαυΐδ ἐπᾶραι τὰς πύλας, ἵνα εἰσέλθῃ οὗτος ὁ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστὰς κύριος τῶν δυνάμεων κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πατρός, Ἰησους Χριστός, ὁ λόγος τοῦ Δαυῒδ ὁμοίως ἀπέδειξεν, οὗ καὶ πάλιν ἐπιμνησθήσομαι διὰ τούτους τοὺς μὴ καὶ χθὲς συνόντας ἡμῖν, διʼ οὓς καὶ πολλὰ τῶν χθὲς εἰρημένων ἐπὶ κεφαλαίων λέγω.
Hoti de kai angeloi kai dynameis eisin, hois ho logos ho tēs prophēteias tēs dia Dauïd eparai tas pylas, hina eiselthę̄ houtos ho ek nekrōn anastas kyrios tōn dynameōn kata to thelēma tou patros, Iēsous Christos, ho logos tou Dauïd homoiōs apedeixen, hou kai palin epimnēsthēsomai dia toutous tous mē kai chthes synontas hēmin, diʼ hous kai polla tōn chthes eirēmenōn epi kephalaiōn legō.
“And that there are angels and powers, whom the word of the prophecy through David commands to lift up the gates, so that this Lord of hosts, Jesus Christ, who rose from the dead, may enter according to the will of the Father, the word of David has likewise shown; which I will recall again for the sake of these who were not with us yesterday, for whose sake I also summarize many of the things said yesterday.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin summarizes for newcomers who were not present the day before.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 85.4 (Archambault 2:56–58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-85-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
85.5Archambault 2:58
Καὶ νῦν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐὰν τοῦτο λέγω, εἰ καὶ ἐταυτολόγησα πολλάκις, οὐκ ἄτοπον εἰπεῖν ἐπίσταμαι· γελοῖον μὲν γὰρ πρᾶγμά ἐστιν, ὁρᾶν τὸν ἥλιον καὶ τὴν σελήνην καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἄστρα τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἀεὶ καὶ τὰς τροπὰς τῶν ὡρῶν ποιεῖσθαι, καὶ τὸν ψηφιστικὸν ἄνδρα, εἰ ἐξετάζοιτο τὰ δὶς δύο πόσα ἐστί, διὰ τὸ πολλάκις εἰρηκέναι ὅτι τέσσαρα, οὐ παύσεσθαι τοῦ πάλιν λέγειν ὅτι τέσσαρα, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ὁμοίως ὅσα παγίως ὁμολογεῖται ἀεὶ ὡσαύτως λέγεσθαι καὶ ὁμολογεῖσθαι, τὸν δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν τῶν προφητικῶν ὁμιλίας ποιούμενον ἐᾶν καὶ μὴ τὰς αὐτὰς ἀεὶ λέγειν γραφάς, ἀλλʼ ἡγεῖσθαι ἑαυτὸν βέλτιον τῆς γραφῆς γεννήσαντα εἰπεῖν.
Kai nyn pros hymas ean touto legō, ei kai etautologēsa pollakis, ouk atopon eipein epistamai; geloion men gar pragma estin, horan ton hēlion kai tēn selēnēn kai ta alla astra tēn autēn hodon aei kai tas tropas tōn hōrōn poieisthai, kai ton psēphistikon andra, ei exetazoito ta dis dyo posa esti, dia to pollakis eirēkenai hoti tessara, ou pausesthai tou palin legein hoti tessara, kai ta alla homoiōs hosa pagiōs homologeitai aei hōsautōs legesthai kai homologeisthai, ton de apo tōn graphōn tōn prophētikōn homilias poioumenon ean kai mē tas autas aei legein graphas, allʼ hēgeisthai heauton beltion tēs graphēs gennēsanta eipein.
“And now, if I say this to you, even if I have repeated myself often, I know it is not out of place. For it would be ridiculous to see the sun and the moon and the other stars always taking the same course and making the turns of the seasons, and to see that a man who counts, if asked how much two times two is, will not stop saying again that it is four because he has often said it, and that other things that are firmly agreed are always said and agreed in the same way; but that one who makes discourses from the prophetic Scriptures should leave them and not always cite the same Scriptures, but think that he can produce something better than the Scripture.
Notes and citation
Summary: Repeating Scripture is no fault.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): ψηφιστικὸν ἂνδρα → ψηφιστικὸν ἄνδρα.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 85.5 (Archambault 2:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-85-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
85.6Archambault 2:58–60
Ἔστιν οὖν ὁ λόγος, διʼ οὗ ἐσήμανα τὸν θεὸν δηλοῦν ὅτι καὶ ἄγγελοί εἰσιν ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ δυνάμεις, οὗτος· Αἰνεῖτε τὸν κύριον ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν, αἰνεῖτε αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις· αἰνεῖτε αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ, αἰνεῖτε αὐτὸν πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτοῦ. Καὶ Μνασέας δέ τις ὀνόματι τῶν συνελθόντων αὐτοῖς τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἡμέρᾳ εἶπε· Καὶ ἡμεῖς χαίρομεν πάλιν πειρωμένου σου τὰ αὐτὰ λέγειν διʼ ἡμᾶς.
Estin oun ho logos, diʼ hou esēmana ton theon dēloun hoti kai angeloi eisin en ouranǭ kai dynameis, houtos; Aineite ton kyrion ek tōn ouranōn, aineite auton en tois hypsistois; aineite auton pantes hoi angeloi autou, aineite auton pasai hai dynameis autou. Kai Mnaseas de tis onomati tōn synelthontōn autois tę̄ deuterą hēmerą eipe; Kai hēmeis chairomen palin peirōmenou sou ta auta legein diʼ hēmas.
“The word, then, by which I indicated that God shows that there are angels and powers in heaven, is this: ‘Praise the Lord from the heavens, praise him in the highest; praise him, all his angels, praise him, all his powers.’” And one of those who had joined them on the second day, named Mnaseas, said, “We too are glad that you take pains to say the same things again for our sake.”
Ps 148:1 (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 148:2 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ps 148:1–2; a newcomer, Mnaseas, thanks Justin.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent); digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong breathing)): αἵ δυνάμεις αὐτοῦ → αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτοῦ; ἡμέρᾳ εἷπε → ἡμέρᾳ εἶπε.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 85.6 (Archambault 2:58–60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-85-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
85.7Archambault 2:60
Κἀγὼ εἶπον· Ἀκούσατε, φίλοι, τίνι γραφῇ πειθόμενος ταῦτα πράττω. Ἰησοῦς ἐκέλευσεν ἀγαπᾶν καὶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς, ὅπερ καὶ διὰ Ἡσαίου ἐκεκήρυκτο διὰ πλειόνων, ἐν οἷς καὶ τὸ μυστήριον τῆς πάλιν γενέσεως ἡμῶν, καὶ ἁπλῶς πάντων τῶν τὸν Χριστὸν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ φανήσεσθαι προσδοκώντων καὶ διʼ ἔργων εὐαρεστεῖν αὐτῷ σπουδαζόντων.
Kagō eipon; Akousate, philoi, tini graphę̄ peithomenos tauta prattō. Iēsous ekeleusen agapan kai tous echthrous, hoper kai dia Hēsaiou ekekērykto dia pleionōn, en hois kai to mystērion tēs palin geneseōs hēmōn, kai haplōs pantōn tōn ton Christon en Hierousalēm phanēsesthai prosdokōntōn kai diʼ ergōn euarestein autǭ spoudazontōn.
And I said, “Hear, friends, what Scripture persuades me to do these things. Jesus commanded us to love even our enemies, which was also proclaimed through Isaiah in many words, in which there is also the mystery of our new birth, and in a word of all who expect Christ to appear in Jerusalem and strive to please him by their works.
Matt 5:44 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ commanded love of enemies, which Isaiah also proclaimed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (dropped letter); digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): τίνι γραφῃ → τίνι γραφῇ; προσδοκώντων κα διʼ → προσδοκώντων καὶ διʼ.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 85.7 (Archambault 2:60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-85-7).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
85.8Archambault 2:60
Εἰσὶ δὲ οἱ διὰ Ἡσαΐου λόγοι οὗτοι· Ἀκούσατε τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου, οἱ τρέμοντες τὸ ῥῆμα αὐτοῦ. Εἴπατε· ἀδελφοὶ ἡμῶν, τοῖς μισοῦσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ βδελυσσομένοις τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου δοξασθῆναι. Ὤφθη ἐν τῇ εὐφροσύνῃ αὐτῶν, κἀκεῖνοι αἰσχυνθήσονται. Φωνὴ κραυγῆς ἐκ πόλεως, φωνὴ λαοῦ, φωνὴ κυρίου ἀποδιδόντος ἀνταπόδοσιν τοῖς ὑπερηφάνοις. Πρὶν ἢ τὴν ὠδίνουσαν τεκεῖν, καὶ πρὶν ἐλθεῖν τὸν πόνον τῶν ὠδίνων, ἐξέτεκεν ἄρσεν.
Eisi de hoi dia Hēsaïou logoi houtoi; Akousate to rhēma kyriou, hoi tremontes to rhēma autou. Eipate; adelphoi hēmōn, tois misousin hymas kai bdelyssomenois to onoma kyriou doxasthēnai. Ōphthē en tę̄ euphrosynę̄ autōn, kakeinoi aischynthēsontai. Phōnē kraugēs ek poleōs, phōnē laou, phōnē kyriou apodidontos antapodosin tois hyperēphanois. Prin ē tēn ōdinousan tekein, kai prin elthein ton ponon tōn ōdinōn, exeteken arsen.
“These are the words through Isaiah: ‘Hear the word of the Lord, you who tremble at his word. Say, Our brothers, to those who hate you and abhor the name of the Lord, that it may be glorified. He appeared in their gladness, and they shall be ashamed. A voice of crying from the city, a voice of the people, a voice of the Lord rendering recompense to the proud. Before she who travails gave birth, and before the pain of travail came, she brought forth a male.
Isa 66:5 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 66:6 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 66:7 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 66:5–7.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 85.8 (Archambault 2:60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-85-8).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
85.9Archambault 2:60–62
Τίς ἤκουσε τοιοῦτον, καὶ τίς ἑώρακεν οὕτως, εἰ ὤδινεν ἡ γῆ ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ, εἰ δὲ καὶ τέκοι ἔθνος εἰς ἅπαξ, ὅτι ὤδινε καὶ ἔτεκε Σιὼν τὰ παιδία αὐτῆς; Ἐγὼ δὲ ἔδωκα τὴν προσδοκίαν ταύτην καὶ οὐ γεννώσῃ, εἶπε κύριος, ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ γεννῶσαν καὶ στεῖραν ἐποίησα, λέγει κύριος. Εὐφράνθητι Ἱερουσαλήμ, καὶ πανηγορίσατε πάντες οἱ ἀγαπῶντες αὐτήν· χαίρετε πάντες ὅσοι πενθεῖτε ἐπʼ αὐτήν, ἵνα θηλάσητε καὶ ἐμπλησθῆτε ἀπὸ μασθοῦ παρακλήσεως αὐτῆς, ἵνα ἐκθηλάσαντες τρυφήσητε ἀπὸ εἰσόδου δόξης αὐτοῦ.
Tis ēkouse toiouton, kai tis heōraken houtōs, ei ōdinen hē gē en mią hēmerą, ei de kai tekoi ethnos eis hapax, hoti ōdine kai eteke Siōn ta paidia autēs? Egō de edōka tēn prosdokian tautēn kai ou gennōsę̄, eipe kyrios, idou egō gennōsan kai steiran epoiēsa, legei kyrios. Euphranthēti Hierousalēm, kai panēgorisate pantes hoi agapōntes autēn; chairete pantes hosoi pentheite epʼ autēn, hina thēlasēte kai emplēsthēte apo masthou paraklēseōs autēs, hina ekthēlasantes tryphēsēte apo eisodou doxēs autou.
“‘Who has heard such a thing, and who has seen it so, whether the earth travailed in one day, or whether a nation was born at once, that Zion travailed and bore her children? But I have given this expectation also to her who does not bear, said the Lord; behold, I have made her who bears and the barren, says the Lord. Rejoice, Jerusalem, and keep festival, all who love her; rejoice, all you who mourn over her, that you may suck and be filled from the breast of her consolation, that having sucked you may delight in the entrance of his glory.’”
Isa 66:8 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 66:9 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 66:10 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 66:11 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 66:8–11.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (stray accent)): εἰ ὤδίνεν → εἰ ὤδινεν.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 85.9 (Archambault 2:60–62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-85-9).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 86
86.1Archambault 2:62
Καὶ ταῦτα εἰπὼν προσέθηκα· Ὅτι δέ, μετὰ τὸ σταυρωθῆναι τοῦτον ὃν ἔνδοξον πάλιν παραγενήσεσθαι ἀποδεικνύουσιν αἱ γραφαί, σύμβολον εἶχε τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς, ὃ ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ πεφυτεῦσθαι ἐλέλεκτο, καὶ τῶν γενησομένων πᾶσι τοῖς δικαίοις, ἀκούσατε. Μωσῆς μετὰ ῥάβδου ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ λαοῦ ἀπολύτρωσιν ἐπέμφθη, καὶ ταύτην ἔχων μετὰ χεῖρας ἐν ἀρχῇ τοῦ λαοῦ διέτεμε τὴν θάλασσαν, διὰ ταύτης ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας ὕδωρ ἀναβλύσαν ἑώρα· καὶ ξύλον βαλὼν εἰς τὸ ἐν Μερρᾷ ὕδωρ, πικρὸν ὄν, γλυκὺ ἐποίησε.
Kai tauta eipōn prosethēka; Hoti de, meta to staurōthēnai touton hon endoxon palin paragenēsesthai apodeiknyousin hai graphai, symbolon eiche tou xylou tēs zōēs, ho en tǭ paradeisǭ pephyteusthai elelekto, kai tōn genēsomenōn pasi tois dikaiois, akousate. Mōsēs meta rhabdou epi tēn tou laou apolytrōsin epemphthē, kai tautēn echōn meta cheiras en archę̄ tou laou dieteme tēn thalassan, dia tautēs apo tēs petras hydōr anablysan heōra; kai xylon balōn eis to en Merrą hydōr, pikron on, glyky epoiēse.
And having said this I added: “And hear how, after he was crucified, this one, who the Scriptures prove will come again in glory, had as his symbol the tree of life, which was said to have been planted in paradise, and of what would happen to all the righteous. Moses was sent with a rod for the redemption of the people, and holding it in his hands at the head of the people he divided the sea; by it he saw water gush out from the rock; and casting a tree into the water at Marah, which was bitter, he made it sweet.
Gen 2:9 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 4:17 (allusion, medium confidence) · Exod 14:16 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 17:6 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 15:25 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Wood as a type of the cross: the tree of life, Moses' rod, the wood at Marah.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong breathing)): πικρὸν ὅν → πικρὸν ὄν.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 86.1 (Archambault 2:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-86-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
86.2Archambault 2:62–64
Ῥάβδους βαλὼν Ἰακὼβ εἰς τὰς ληνοὺς τῶν ὑδάτων ἐγκισσῆσαι τὰ πρόβατα τοῦ μητραδέλφου, ἵνα τὰ γεννώμενα ἐξ αὐτῶν κτήσηται, ἐπέτυχεν· ἐν ῥάβδῳ αὐτοῦ διεληλυθέναι τὸν ποταμὸν ὁ αὐτὸς Ἰακὼβ καυχᾶται. Κλίμακα ἔφη ἑωρᾶσθαι αὐτῷ, καὶ τὸν θεὸν ἐπʼ αὐτῆς ἐστηρίχθαι ἡ γραφὴ δεδήλωκε· καὶ ὅτι οὐχ ὁ πατὴρ ἦν, ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν ἀπεδείξαμεν. Καὶ ἐπὶ λίθου καταχέας ἔλαιον ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ τόπῳ Ἰακὼβ στήλην τῷ ὀφθέντι αὐτῷ θεῷ ἀληλιφέναι ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὀφθέντος αὐτῷ θεοῦ μαρτυρεῖται.
Rhabdous balōn Iakōb eis tas lēnous tōn hydatōn enkissēsai ta probata tou mētradelphou, hina ta gennōmena ex autōn ktēsētai, epetychen; en rhabdǭ autou dielēlythenai ton potamon ho autos Iakōb kauchatai. Klimaka ephē heōrasthai autǭ, kai ton theon epʼ autēs estērichthai hē graphē dedēlōke; kai hoti ouch ho patēr ēn, apo tōn graphōn apedeixamen. Kai epi lithou katacheas elaion en tǭ autǭ topǭ Iakōb stēlēn tǭ ophthenti autǭ theǭ alēliphenai hypʼ autou tou ophthentos autǭ theou martyreitai.
“Jacob, by putting rods into the watering troughs, succeeded in making the sheep of his mother's brother conceive, so that he might gain their offspring. With his rod the same Jacob boasts that he crossed the river. He said a ladder was seen by him, and the Scripture has shown that God stood firmly on it; and we have proved from the Scriptures that it was not the Father. And Jacob, pouring oil on a stone in the same place, is testified by the very God who appeared to him to have anointed a pillar to the God who appeared to him.
Gen 30:37 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 32:10 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 28:12 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 28:18 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 31:13 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Jacob's rods, staff, ladder, and anointed stone are figures of Christ.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 86.2 (Archambault 2:62–64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-86-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
86.3Archambault 2:64
Καὶ ὅτι λίθος Χριστὸς διὰ πολλῶν γραφῶν συμβολικῶς ἐκηρύσσετο, ὁμοίως ἀπεδείξαμεν· καὶ ὅτι τὸ χρῖσμα πᾶν, εἴτε ἐλαίου εἴτε στακτῆς εἴτε τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τῆς συνθέσεως τοῦ μύρου χρισμάτων, τούτου ἦν, ὁμοίως ἀπεδείξαμεν, τοῦ λόγου λέγοντος· Διὰ τοῦτο ἔχρισέ σε, ὁ θεός, ὁ θεός σου ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ βασιλεῖς πάντες καὶ οἱ χριστοὶ ἀπὸ τούτου μετέσχον καὶ βασιλεῖς καλεῖσθαι καὶ χριστοί· ὃν τρόπον καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς ἔλαβε τὸ βασιλεὺς καὶ Χριστὸς καὶ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἄγγελος, καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα τοιαῦτα ἔχει ἢ ἔσχε.
Kai hoti lithos Christos dia pollōn graphōn symbolikōs ekērysseto, homoiōs apedeixamen; kai hoti to chrisma pan, eite elaiou eite staktēs eite tōn allōn tōn tēs syntheseōs tou myrou chrismatōn, toutou ēn, homoiōs apedeixamen, tou logou legontos; Dia touto echrise se, ho theos, ho theos sou elaion agalliaseōs para tous metochous sou. Kai gar hoi basileis pantes kai hoi christoi apo toutou meteschon kai basileis kaleisthai kai christoi; hon tropon kai autos apo tou patros elabe to basileus kai Christos kai hiereus kai angelos, kai hosa alla toiauta echei ē esche.
“And we have likewise proved that Christ was proclaimed symbolically as a stone by many Scriptures; and we have likewise proved that every anointing, whether of oil or stacte or the other ointments compounded of perfume, belonged to him, since the word says: ‘Therefore God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness above your companions.’ For all the kings and the anointed ones got from him their share in being called kings and anointed; just as he himself received from the Father the titles of King and Christ and Priest and Angel, and such other titles as he has or had.
Ps 45:7 (44:8 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Every anointing points to Christ, the Anointed.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 86.3 (Archambault 2:64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-86-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
86.4Archambault 2:64
Ῥάβδος ἡ Ἀαρὼν βλαστὸν κομίσασα ἀρχιερέα αὐτὸν ἀπέδειξε. Ῥάβδον ἐκ ῥίζης Ἰεσσαὶ γενήσεσθαι τὸν Χριστὸν Ἡσαΐας προεφήτευσε. Καὶ Δαυῒδ ὡς τὸ ξύλον τὸ πεφυτευμένον παρὰ τὰς διεξόδους τῶν ὑδάτων, ὃ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ δώσειν ἐν καιρῷ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸ φύλλον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἀπορρυήσεσθαι, φησὶν εἶναι τὸν δίκαιον. Καὶ ὡς φοῖνιξ ἀνθήσειν ὁ δίκαιος εἴρηται.
Rhabdos hē Aarōn blaston komisasa archierea auton apedeixe. Rhabdon ek rhizēs Iessai genēsesthai ton Christon Hēsaïas proephēteuse. Kai Dauïd hōs to xylon to pephyteumenon para tas diexodous tōn hydatōn, ho ton karpon autou dōsein en kairǭ autou, kai to phyllon autou ouk aporryēsesthai, phēsin einai ton dikaion. Kai hōs phoinix anthēsein ho dikaios eirētai.
“The rod of Aaron, bearing a bud, showed him to be high priest. Isaiah prophesied that Christ would come as a rod from the root of Jesse. And David says that the righteous one is like the tree planted by the streams of water, which will give its fruit in its season, and its leaf shall not fall. And it is said that the righteous one shall flourish like a palm tree.
Num 17:8 (allusion, high confidence) · Isa 11:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Ps 1:3 (allusion, high confidence) · Ps 92:12 (91:13 LXX) (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Aaron's rod, the rod of Jesse, the tree of Psalm 1, the palm.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 86.4 (Archambault 2:64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-86-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
86.5Archambault 2:64–66
Ἀπὸ ξύλου τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ὤφθη ὁ θεός, ὡς γέγραπται, πρὸς τῇ δρυῒ τῇ Μαμβρῆ. Ἑβδομήκοντα ἰτέας καὶ δώδεκα πηγὰς εὗρεν ὁ λαὸς διαβὰς τὸν Ἰορδάνην. Ἐν ῥάβδῳ καὶ βακτηρίᾳ παρακεκλῆσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ Δαυῒδ λέγει.
Apo xylou tǭ Abraam ōphthē ho theos, hōs gegraptai, pros tę̄ dryï tę̄ Mambrē. Hebdomēkonta iteas kai dōdeka pēgas heuren ho laos diabas ton Iordanēn. En rhabdǭ kai baktērią parakeklēsthai hypo tou theou Dauïd legei.
“God appeared to Abraham from a tree, as it is written, at the oak of Mamre. The people found seventy willows and twelve springs when they had crossed the Jordan. David says he was comforted by God with a rod and a staff.
Gen 18:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 15:27 (allusion, medium confidence) · Ps 23:4 (22:4 LXX) (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The oak of Mamre, the willows of Elim, David's rod and staff.
- “Seventy willows”: Exod 15:27 has seventy palm trees and twelve springs at Elim, before the Jordan; Justin's memory is loose here.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 86.5 (Archambault 2:64–66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-86-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
86.6Archambault 2:66
Ξύλον Ἐλισσαῖος βαλὼν εἰς τὸν Ἰορδάνην ποταμὸν ἀνήνεγκε τὸν σίδηρον τῆς ἀξίνης, ἐν ᾗ πεπορευμένοι ἦσαν οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν κόψαι ξύλα εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ οἴκου, ἐν ᾧ τὸν νόμον καὶ τὰ προστάγματα τοῦ θεοῦ λέγειν καὶ μελετᾶν ἐβούλοντο· ὡς καὶ ἡμᾶς βεβαπτισμένους ταῖς βαρυτάταις ἁμαρτίαις, ἃς ἐπράξαμεν, διὰ τοῦ σταυρωθῆναι ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου καὶ διʼ ὕδατος ἁγνίσαι ὁ Χριστὸς ἡμῶν ἐλυτρώσατο καὶ οἶκον εὐχῆς καὶ προσκυνήσεως ἐποίησε. Καὶ ῥάβδος ἦν ἡ δείξασα Ἰούδαν πατέρα τῶν ἀπὸ Θάμαρ διὰ μέγα μυστήριον γεννηθέντων.
Xylon Elissaios balōn eis ton Iordanēn potamon anēnenke ton sidēron tēs axinēs, en hę̄ peporeumenoi ēsan hoi huioi tōn prophētōn kopsai xyla eis oikodomēn tou oikou, en hǭ ton nomon kai ta prostagmata tou theou legein kai meletan eboulonto; hōs kai hēmas bebaptismenous tais barytatais hamartiais, has epraxamen, dia tou staurōthēnai epi tou xylou kai diʼ hydatos hagnisai ho Christos hēmōn elytrōsato kai oikon euchēs kai proskynēseōs epoiēse. Kai rhabdos ēn hē deixasa Ioudan patera tōn apo Thamar dia mega mystērion gennēthentōn.
“Elisha, casting a piece of wood into the river Jordan, brought up the iron head of the axe, with which the sons of the prophets had gone to cut wood to build the house in which they wished to recite and study the law and the commandments of God; as our Christ, by being crucified on the tree and by purifying us through water, has redeemed us, who had been sunk in the heaviest sins which we committed, and has made us a house of prayer and worship. And it was a rod that showed Judah to be the father of those born from Tamar through a great mystery.
2 Kgs 6:1 (allusion, high confidence) · 2 Kgs 6:6 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 38:18 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 38:25 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Elisha's floating axe-head prefigures baptism and the cross; Judah's staff marked Tamar's children.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong diacritic)): ἀξίνης, ἐν ᾖ πεπορευμένοι → ἀξίνης, ἐν ᾗ πεπορευμένοι.
Topics: Baptism, Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 86.6 (Archambault 2:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/78-1/#p-86-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.