2 Peter 2 in the early church
159 passages quote, allude to, or echo 2 Peter 2, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 9 · 10 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22
2 Peter 2:1
Now there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them—bringing swift destruction on themselves.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:1 | Apocalypse of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 2 Pet 2:1 | Dialogue with Trypho 82.1 · Justin Martyr | echo, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| 2 Pet 2:1 | Recognitions 8.53 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| 2 Pet 2:1 | Question 111, section 3 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| 2 Pet 2:1 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 41.3.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| 2 Pet 2:1 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 55.9.1 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
2 Peter 2:2
Many will follow in their depravity, and because of them the way of truth will be defamed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:2 | Apocalypse of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 22 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 2 Pet 2:2 | Exhortation to the Greeks 10.106 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 2 Pet 2:2 | Church History 5.1.48 · Eusebius of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| 2 Pet 2:2 | On the Governance of God 4.86 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
2 Peter 2:3
In their greed, these false teachers will exploit you with deceptive words. The longstanding verdict against them remains in force, and their destruction does not sleep.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:3 | Eleven Tractates 1.6 · Priscillian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 2 Pet 2:3 | Eleven Tractates 1.35 · Priscillian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 2 Pet 2:3 | Eleven Tractates 5.84 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
2 Peter 2:4
For if God did not spare the angels when they sinned, but cast them deep into hell, placing them in chains of darkness to be held for judgment;
2 Peter 2:5
if He did not spare the ancient world when He brought the flood on its ungodly people, but preserved Noah, a preacher of righteousness, among the eight;
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:5 | 1 Clement 7.6 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| 2 Pet 2:5 | 1 Clement 9.4 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| 2 Pet 2:5 | To Autolycus 3.19 · Theophilus of Antioch | echo, medium confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| 2 Pet 2:5 | Miscellanies 1.21.135 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 2 Pet 2:5 | On the Trinity 8 · Novatian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| 2 Pet 2:5 | Symposium 10.3 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, medium confidence | late 3rd century |
| 2 Pet 2:5 | Book of Heresies 132.7 · Philastrius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380s |
| 2 Pet 2:5 | Eleven Tractates 3.59 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 2 Pet 2:5 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 12.15 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| 2 Pet 2:5 | On Catechizing the Uninstructed 19 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 399–405 |
2 Peter 2:6
if He condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction, reducing them to ashes as an example of what is coming on the ungodly;
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:6 | Poem 2 (Sodoma), lines 149–166 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 4th-5th cent. (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 2:6 | On Sodom, lines 1–24 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 4th-5th century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 2:6 | On Sodom, lines 147–167 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 4th-5th century (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 2:6 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.6.6 · Orosius | echo, low confidence | ca. 417–418 |
| 2 Pet 2:6 | On the Governance of God 1.39 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
2 Peter 2:7
and if He rescued Lot, a righteous man distressed by the depraved conduct of the lawless
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:7 | 1 Clement 11.1 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| 2 Pet 2:7–8 | Sermon 167.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 2 Pet 2:7 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.41 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| 2 Pet 2:7 | On the Christian Life 7 · Fastidius | echo, low confidence | ca. 411-430 |
| 2 Pet 2:7 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.39.2 · Orosius | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 417–418 |
2 Peter 2:9
if all this is so, then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from trials and to hold the unrighteous for punishment on the day of judgment.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:9 | Liber Orsiesii 42 · Orsiesius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| 2 Pet 2:9 | Letter 125.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 2 Pet 2:9–22 | Against Jovinianus 1.39 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| 2 Pet 2:9 | Against Jovinianus 2.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
2 Peter 2:10
Such punishment is specially reserved for those who indulge the corrupt desires of the flesh and despise authority. Bold and self-willed, they are unafraid to slander glorious beings.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:10 | Eleven Tractates 1.35 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 2 Pet 2:10 | City of God 14.13 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 413–426 |
2 Peter 2:12
These men are like irrational animals, creatures of instinct, born to be captured and destroyed. They blaspheme in matters they do not understand, and like such creatures, they too will be destroyed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:12 | On Marriage and Concupiscence 2.20 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 419–421 |
2 Peter 2:13
The harm they will suffer is the wages of their wickedness. They consider it a pleasure to carouse in broad daylight. They are blots and blemishes, reveling in their deception as they feast with you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:13 | On the Singleness of Clerics 28 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 2:13 | On Faith and Works 46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
2 Peter 2:14
Their eyes are full of adultery; their desire for sin is never satisfied; they seduce the unstable. They are accursed children with hearts trained in greed.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:14 | On the Singleness of Clerics 28 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| 2 Pet 2:14 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 27.4.1 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| 2 Pet 2:14 | On Faith and Works 46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
2 Peter 2:16
But he was rebuked for his transgression by a donkey, otherwise without speech, that spoke with a man’s voice and restrained the prophet’s madness.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:16 | On First Principles 1.8.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| 2 Pet 2:16 | Homilies on Numbers 13.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 2 Pet 2:16 | Letter 98.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 2 Pet 2:16 | Letter 186.14 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 2 Pet 2:16 | Letters 12.2 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 2 Pet 2:16 | Part 2, chapter 12 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
2 Peter 2:17
These men are springs without water and mists driven by a storm. Blackest darkness is reserved for them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:17 | Three Letters to Sympronianus 3.21 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| 2 Pet 2:17 | Eleven Tractates 5.84 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 2 Pet 2:17–18 | Against Jovinianus 2.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| 2 Pet 2:17 | On Faith and Works 45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| 2 Pet 2:17 | On Faith and Works 46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
2 Peter 2:18
With lofty but empty words, they appeal to the sensual passions of the flesh and entice those who are just escaping from others who live in error.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:18–19 | Against Jovinianus 1.40 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| 2 Pet 2:18 | On Faith and Works 45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
2 Peter 2:19
They promise them freedom, while they themselves are slaves to depravity. For a man is a slave to whatever has mastered him.
2 Peter 2:20
If indeed they have escaped the corruption of the world through the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, only to be entangled and overcome by it again, their final condition is worse than it was at first.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:20 | Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 9.17.5 (94.5) · Hermas | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 2 Pet 2:20 | Sermon on Baptism 7 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| 2 Pet 2:20 | Letter 237.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 2 Pet 2:20 | Sermon 353.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 2 Pet 2:20 | On Continence 31 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 395 |
| 2 Pet 2:20–22 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 11.25 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| 2 Pet 2:20 | On the Christian Life 13 · Fastidius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 411-430 |
| 2 Pet 2:20 | On Faith and Works 45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| 2 Pet 2:20 | On Faith and Works 46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| 2 Pet 2:20 | On the Governance of God 4.93 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
2 Peter 2:21
It would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness than to have known it and then to turn away from the holy commandment passed on to them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Pet 2:21 | Homilies on Ezekiel 5.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| 2 Pet 2:21 | Homilies 14.1 · Basil of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| 2 Pet 2:21 | Question 110, section 3 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| 2 Pet 2:21 | Liber Orsiesii 32 · Orsiesius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| 2 Pet 2:21 | On the Christian Life 13 · Fastidius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 411-430 |
| 2 Pet 2:21 | On Faith and Works 45 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| 2 Pet 2:21 | On Faith and Works 47 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| 2 Pet 2:21 | On the Gift of Perseverance 10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 428/429 |
| 2 Pet 2:21 | On the Governance of God 4.93 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
| 2 Pet 2:21–22 | Part 2, chapter 9 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
2 Peter 2:22
Of them the proverbs are true: “A dog returns to its vomit,” and, “A sow that is washed goes back to her wallowing in the mud.”