Panarion (Medicine Chest Against Heresies), Haer. 1-64 38.4.1–39.10.7

Epiphanius of Salamis · Panarion (Medicine Chest Against Heresies), Haer. 1-64 · 374-377 · Salamis · 99 passages

Greek text: Holl, GCS 25/31 (Greek text: Karl Holl, ed., Epiphanius, Bände 1-2 (GCS 25, 1915, and GCS 31, 1922, Leipzig: Hinrichs), digitized by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0. The digitized file's own metadata describes it as spanning Holl's volumes 1-3 (1915-1933), but its text in fact ends at Haer. 64 (confirmed: the last division is Haer. 64, on Origen, matching the end of GCS 31); Holl's third volume (GCS 37, 1933) is not present in this digital text.).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).

Haer. 38, chapter 4

38.4.1Holl GCS 25/31:66

4. Καὶ πρῶτον ἴδωμεν περὶ τοῦ Κάϊν, ὡς ἡ μὲν παλαιὰ διαθήκη φησίν »ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, ἥτις ἔχανε τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς δέξασθαι τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου ἐκ χειρός σου« καὶ πάλιν »ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις σου, καὶ ἔσῃ στένων καὶ τρέμων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς«.

4. Kai prōton idōmen peri tou Kaïn, hōs hē men palaia diathēkē phēsin »epikataratos sy apo tēs gēs, hētis echane to stoma autēs dexasthai to haima tou adelphou sou ek cheiros sou« kai palin »epikataratos sy en tois ergois sou, kai esę̄ stenōn kai tremōn epi tēs gēs«.

And first let us look at Cain, as the Old Testament says: 'Cursed are you from the earth, which opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand'; and again, 'Cursed are you in your works, and you shall be groaning and trembling on the earth.'

Gen 4:11 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 4:12 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Genesis curses Cain.

Gen 4:11–12 LXX, the second quotation freely combined.

Topics: Scripture and canon

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.2Holl GCS 25/31:66–67

συνῳδὰ δὲ τῇ παλαιᾷ διαθήκῃ ὁ κύριος ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ περὶ τούτου λέγει, Ἰουδαῖοι ἔλεγον »ἡμεῖς πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν θεόν«. ὁ δὲ κύριος πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἔφη »ὑμεῖς υἱοί ἐστε τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ διαβόλου, ὅτι ψεύστης ἐστίν, ὅτι ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ψεύστης ἠν. ἐκεῖνος ἀνθρωποκτόνος ἠν καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ οὐκ ἔμεινεν· ὅταν λαλῇ τὸ ψεῦδος, ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων λαλεῖ, ὅτι καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ψεύστης ἠν«.

synǭda de tę̄ palaią diathēkę̄ ho kyrios en tǭ euangeliǭ peri toutou legei, Ioudaioi elegon »hēmeis patera echomen ton theon«. ho de kyrios pros autous ephē »hymeis huioi este tou patros hymōn tou diabolou, hoti pseustēs estin, hoti ho patēr autou pseustēs ēn. ekeinos anthrōpoktonos ēn kai en tę̄ alētheią ouk emeinen; hotan lalę̄ to pseudos, ek tōn idiōn lalei, hoti kai ho patēr autou pseustēs ēn«.

In harmony with the Old Testament, the Lord speaks about him in the Gospel. The Jews said, 'We have God as our Father.' And the Lord said to them, 'You are sons of your father the devil, for he is a liar, because his father was a liar. He was a murderer and did not remain in the truth; when he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own, because his father too was a liar.'

John 8:41 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:44 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Jesus calls his opponents children of a liar and murderer.

A free form of John 8:41–44, read so that the devil himself has a 'father' who was a liar; Epiphanius explains this in what follows.

Topics: Scripture and canon

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:66–67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.3Holl GCS 25/31:67

ὅθεν καὶ αἱ ἄλλαι αἱρέσεις ἀκούουσαι τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο πατέρα μὲν τῶν Ἰουδαίων φάσκουσιν εἶναι τὸν διάβολον ἔχειν δὲ πατέρα ἄλλον καὶ τὸν αὐτοῦ πατέρα πάλιν πατέρα.

hothen kai hai allai haireseis akouousai to rhēma touto patera men tōn Ioudaiōn phaskousin einai ton diabolon echein de patera allon kai ton autou patera palin patera.

Hence the other heresies too, hearing this saying, say that the devil is the father of the Jews, but that he has another father, and his father again a father.

John 8:44 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Other heresies build a genealogy of the devil from John 8:44.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.4Holl GCS 25/31:67

ἀλλὰ ἀθυρογλώττως φθέγγονται, τὴν διάνοιαν τυφλώττοντες. καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τὸν πάντων δεσπότην, θεὸν Ἰουδαίων καὶ Χριστιανῶν καὶ πάντων, τὴν συγγένειαν ἐκείνῳ ἀνάγουσι, τοῦτον πατέρα τοῦ ἐκείνου πατρὸς εἶναι λέγοντες, τὸν νομοθετήσαντα διὰ Μωυσέως καὶ τοσαῦτα θαυμάσια πεποιηκότα. οὐκ ἔστιν δὲ τοῦτο, ὠ ἀγαπητοί.

alla athyroglōttōs phthengontai, tēn dianoian typhlōttontes. kai gar epi ton pantōn despotēn, theon Ioudaiōn kai Christianōn kai pantōn, tēn syngeneian ekeinǭ anagousi, touton patera tou ekeinou patros einai legontes, ton nomothetēsanta dia Mōyseōs kai tosauta thaumasia pepoiēkota. ouk estin de touto, ō agapētoi.

But they speak with unbridled tongues, blind in mind. For they trace that kinship up to the Master of all, the God of Jews and Christians and all, saying that he is the father of that one's father, he who gave the law through Moses and did so many wonders. But this is not so, beloved.

Notes and citation

Summary: They wrongly make the lawgiver God the devil's grandfather.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR capitalization slip.): ἐΠὶ → ἐπὶ.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.5Holl GCS 25/31:67

αὐτὸς γὰρ εὐθύς φησιν] ὁ κύριος, ἐν ἅπασιν ἡμῶν τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν ποιούμενος, ἵνα μὴ ἐν παρεκβάσει γενώμεθα τοῦ προκειμένου ἕτερα ἀνθʼ ἑτέρων σοφιζόμενοι καὶ διανοούμενοι, λέγων πατέρα αὐτῶν εἶναι τὸν διάβολον Ἰούδαν *,

autos gar euthys phēsin] ho kyrios, en hapasin hēmōn tēn epimeleian poioumenos, hina mē en parekbasei genōmetha tou prokeimenou hetera anthʼ heterōn sophizomenoi kai dianooumenoi, legōn patera autōn einai ton diabolon Ioudan *,

For the Lord himself at once, taking care of us in all things, so that we should not stray from the subject, devising and thinking one thing instead of another, says that their father the devil is Judas …,

John 8:44 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Epiphanius identifies the 'devil' of John 8:44 as Judas.

The text is incomplete at the end. Epiphanius's reading of John 8:44 is his own, as the following sections explain.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): ἕνα μὴ → ἵνα μὴ.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.6Holl GCS 25/31:67

ὃν καὶ Σατανᾶν κέκληκεν καὶ διάβολον λέγων πρὸς τοὺς μαθητάς »οὐχὶ τοὺς δώδεκα ὑμᾶς ἐξελεξάμην καὶ εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν διάβολος;« οὐχὶ διάβολον λέγων φύσει, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὴν γνώμην.

hon kai Satanan keklēken kai diabolon legōn pros tous mathētas »ouchi tous dōdeka hymas exelexamēn kai heis ex hymōn diabolos?« ouchi diabolon legōn physei, alla kata tēn gnōmēn.

whom he also called Satan and devil, saying to the disciples, 'Did I not choose you twelve, and one of you is a devil?'; calling him a devil not by nature but by choice.

John 6:70 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Jesus called Judas a devil by choice.

John 6:70.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): μεθητάς → μαθητάς.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.7Holl GCS 25/31:67

πάλιν δὲ ἐν ἑτέρῳ τόπῳ λέγει πάτερ κύριε οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς, τήρησον τούτους οὓς δέδωκάς μοι. ὅτε ἤμην μετʼ αὐτῶν, ἐφύλαξα αὐτούς, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀπώλετο εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας«.

palin de en heterǭ topǭ legei pater kyrie ouranou kai gēs, tērēson toutous hous dedōkas moi. hote ēmēn metʼ autōn, ephylaxa autous, kai oudeis ex autōn apōleto ei mē ho huios tēs apōleias«.

Again in another place he says, 'Father, Lord of heaven and earth, keep those you have given me. When I was with them I guarded them, and none of them was lost except the son of perdition.'

John 17:12 (quotation, high confidence) · John 17:11 (quotation, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Judas is the 'son of perdition'.

John 17:11–12, freely, with 'Lord of heaven and earth' from Matt 11:25.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.8Holl GCS 25/31:67

πάλιν ἄλλοτε λέγει ὅτι »δεῖ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδοθῆναι κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον περὶ αὐτοῦ. οὐαὶ δὲ δί οὑ παραδοθήσεται. συνέφερεν γὰρ αὐτῷ εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη«, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς.

palin allote legei hoti »dei ton huion tou anthrōpou paradothēnai kata to gegrammenon peri autou. ouai de di hou paradothēsetai. synepheren gar autǭ ei ouk egennēthē«, kai ta hexēs.

Again elsewhere he says, 'The Son of Man must be handed over as it is written of him; but woe to him through whom he will be handed over. It would have been better for him if he had not been born,' and so on.

Matt 26:24 (quotation, high confidence) · Mark 14:21 (quotation, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Jesus pronounces woe on his betrayer.

Matt 26:24; Mark 14:21.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.9Holl GCS 25/31:67

ἄρα γοῦν ἐξ απαντος ἔγνωμεν ὡς περὶ τοῦ Ἰούδα ἔλεγεν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις· »ᾧ γάρ τις ἥττηται, τούτῳ καὶ δεδούλωται«, καὶ ᾠ τις πείθεται, τοῦτον πατέρα ἔσχηκεν καὶ ἀρχηγὸν τῆς αὐτοῦ πειθοῦς.

ara goun ex apantos egnōmen hōs peri tou Iouda elegen tois Ioudaiois; »hǭ gar tis hēttētai, toutǭ kai dedoulōtai«, kai ǭ tis peithetai, touton patera eschēken kai archēgon tēs autou peithous.

So we know in every way that he was speaking to the Jews about Judas: 'For by whatever a man is overcome, to that he is enslaved'; and whomever one obeys, him he has as father and leader of his persuasion.

2 Pet 2:19 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: One whom a person obeys becomes his 'father'.

2 Pet 2:19.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.10Holl GCS 25/31:67

φησὶν οὐν ὁ κύριος »ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ διαβόλου ἐστέ«, ἐπειδὴ ἀντὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ τῷ Ἰούδᾳ ἐπείσθησαν, καθάπερ ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐκκλίνασα ἡ Εὔα τῷ ὄφει ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐπείσθη.

phēsin oun ho kyrios »hymeis huioi tou patros hymōn tou diabolou este«, epeidē anti tou Christou tǭ Ioudą epeisthēsan, kathaper apo theou ekklinasa hē Eua tǭ ophei ex archēs epeisthē.

So the Lord says, 'You are sons of your father the devil,' because they obeyed Judas instead of Christ, just as Eve, turning from God, obeyed the snake in the beginning.

John 8:44 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: They followed Judas as Eve followed the snake.

John 8:44.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:67; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.11Holl GCS 25/31:67–68

ἐπειτα ὅτι καὶ ψεύστης ἠν οὐ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ κλέπτης κατὰ τὸ ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ εἰρημένον. διὸ καὶ αὐτῷ παρέδωκε τὸ γλωσσόκομον, ἵνα ἀναπολόγητος ᾖ διὰ φιλαργυρίαν τὸν ἴδιον δεσπότην παραδοὺς εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων.

epeita hoti kai pseustēs ēn ou monon, alla kai kleptēs kata to en tǭ euangeliǭ eirēmenon. dio kai autǭ paredōke to glōssokomon, hina anapologētos ę̄ dia philargyrian ton idion despotēn paradous eis cheiras anthrōpōn.

Then, he was not only a liar but also a thief, according to what is said in the Gospel. That is why he entrusted the money-box to him, so that he would be without excuse when through love of money he handed his own Master over into the hands of men.

John 12:6 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Judas was a thief entrusted with the money-box.

John 12:6.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): κλέπτῃς → κλέπτης.

Topics: Ethics

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:67–68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.12Holl GCS 25/31:68

τίς οὖν ὁ τούτου πατήρ, ὁ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ψεύστης ὑπάρχων, ἀλλʼ ἢ ὁ Κάϊν, οὗ μιμητὴς ὁ Ἰούδας; ἐκεῖνος γάρ, ψευσάμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ ὡς ἐν φιλαδελφίᾳ, ἠπάτησε καὶ παρέπεισεν διὰ τοῦ ψεύδους καὶ ἐξαγαγὼν αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἐπάρας τὴν χεῖρα ἀπέκτεινεν.

tis oun ho toutou patēr, ho pro autou pseustēs hyparchōn, allʼ ē ho Kaïn, hou mimētēs ho Ioudas? ekeinos gar, pseusamenos tǭ adelphǭ hōs en philadelphią, ēpatēse kai parepeisen dia tou pseudous kai exagagōn auton en tǭ pediǭ eparas tēn cheira apekteinen.

Who then is his father, a liar before him, but Cain, whom Judas imitated? For Cain, lying to his brother as though in brotherly love, deceived him and persuaded him by the lie, and leading him out into the plain, raised his hand and killed him.

Gen 4:8 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Cain, the liar, is Judas's 'father'.

Gen 4:8.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.12 (Holl GCS 25/31:68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.4.13Holl GCS 25/31:68

οὕτω καὶ ὁ Ἰούδας »τί θέλετέ μοι« φησί δοῦναι, καὶ ἐγὼ αὐτὸν παραδώσω ὑμῖν;« καί »ὃν ἂν φιλήσω. αὐτός ἐστι, κρατήσατε αὐτόν«. καὶ ἐλθὼν ὁ προδότης »χαῖρε Ῥαββί« ἔλεγε, τοῖς χείλεσι τιμῶν, καρδίαν δὲ πόρρω ἀπέχουσαν θεοῦ κεκτημένος.

houtō kai ho Ioudas »ti thelete moi« phēsi dounai, kai egō auton paradōsō hymin?« kai »hon an philēsō. autos esti, kratēsate auton«. kai elthōn ho prodotēs »chaire Rhabbi« elege, tois cheilesi timōn, kardian de porrō apechousan theou kektēmenos.

So too Judas says, 'What will you give me, and I will hand him over to you?' and 'The one I kiss, it is he; seize him.' And the betrayer came and said, 'Hail, Rabbi,' honoring him with his lips but having a heart far from God.

Matt 26:15 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 26:48 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 26:49 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 29:13 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Judas's kiss mirrors Cain's false friendship.

Matt 26:15, 48–49; 'honoring with the lips', Isa 29:13 (Matt 15:8).

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.4.13 (Holl GCS 25/31:68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-4-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 38, chapter 5

38.5.1Holl GCS 25/31:68

5. Ἄρα γοῦν οὗτος ὁ Ἰούδας, πατὴρ αὐτῶν γενόμενος κατὰ τὴν ἀρνησιθεΐαν καὶ προδοσίαν, Σατανᾶς ὑπάρξας καὶ διάβολος οὐ τῇ φύσει. ἀλλὰ τῇ γνώμῃ, υἱὸς γεγένηται οὑτος κατὰ μίμησιν τοῦ Κάϊν τοῦ άνθρωποκτόνου τοῦ ψεύστου, ἐπειδὴ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ψεύστης ἠν, οὐχὶ ὁ Ἀδὰμ ἀλλʼ ὁ διάβολος,

5. Ara goun houtos ho Ioudas, patēr autōn genomenos kata tēn arnēsitheïan kai prodosian, Satanas hyparxas kai diabolos ou tę̄ physei. alla tę̄ gnōmę̄, huios gegenētai houtos kata mimēsin tou Kaïn tou anthrōpoktonou tou pseustou, epeidē kai ho patēr autou pro autou pseustēs ēn, ouchi ho Adam allʼ ho diabolos,

So this Judas, who became their father in the denial of God and betrayal, being Satan and devil not by nature but by choice, became a son in imitation of Cain the murderer and liar; since his father too was a liar before him, not Adam but the devil,

John 8:44 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Judas is a son of Cain and of the devil by imitation.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.5.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.5.2Holl GCS 25/31:68

οὗ τὴν μίμησιν ἴσχεν ἐν τῇ ἀδελφοκτονίᾳ καὶ μίσει καὶ ψεύδει καὶ πρὸς θεὸν ἀντιλογίᾳ, τῷ λέγειν, »μὴ φύλαξ εἰμὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μου; οὐκ οἶδα ποῦ ἐστιν‘· οὕτω καὶ ὁ διάβολος τῷ κυρίῳ φησί μὴ δωρεὰν σέβεται Ιὼβ τὸν θεόν;«

hou tēn mimēsin ischen en tę̄ adelphoktonią kai misei kai pseudei kai pros theon antilogią, tǭ legein, »mē phylax eimi tou adelphou mou? ouk oida pou estin‘; houtō kai ho diabolos tǭ kyriǭ phēsi mē dōrean sebetai Iōb ton theon?«

whom he imitated in fratricide, hatred, lying, and contradicting God, saying, 'Am I my brother's keeper? I do not know where he is'; just as the devil says to the Lord, 'Does Job worship God for nothing?'

Gen 4:9 (quotation, high confidence) · Job 1:9 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Cain answered God as the devil did in Job.

Gen 4:9; Job 1:9.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.5.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.5.3Holl GCS 25/31:68

ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτὸς ὁ διάβολος τῷ ψεύδει ἀπατᾷ τὴν Εὔαν καὶ τὸν Ἀδάμ, ἕτερα ἀνθʼ ἑτέρων λέγων καὶ φιλίαν προσποιητὴν ἐνδεικνύμενος, ὅτι »ἔσεσθε ὡς θεοί, καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανεῖσθε«, τοῦτον μιμούμενος ὁ Κάϊν προσχήματι φιλαδελφίας ἠπάτα τὸν ἀδελφὸν λέγων »διέλθωμεν εἰς τὸ πεδίον«.

epeidē gar autos ho diabolos tǭ pseudei apatą tēn Euan kai ton Adam, hetera anthʼ heterōn legōn kai philian prospoiētēn endeiknymenos, hoti »esesthe hōs theoi, kai ouk apothaneisthe«, touton mimoumenos ho Kaïn proschēmati philadelphias ēpata ton adelphon legōn »dielthōmen eis to pedion«.

For since the devil himself deceives Eve and Adam by a lie, saying one thing instead of another and showing a pretended friendship, 'You will be like gods, and you will not die,' Cain imitated him and under the pretext of brotherly love deceived his brother, saying, 'Let us go into the plain.'

Gen 3:5 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 3:4 (quotation, medium confidence) · Gen 4:8 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Cain imitated the serpent's false friendliness.

Gen 3:4–5; Gen 4:8 LXX.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.5.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.5.4Holl GCS 25/31:68

διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ ἅγιος Ἰωάννης εἶπεν »ὁ μισῶν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, οὗτος οὐ τετελείωται ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ, ἀλλὰ ἐκ τοῦ Κάϊν ἐστίν, ὃς ἀπέκτεινε τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ. καὶ διὰ τί αὐτὸν ἀπέκτεινεν; ὅτι ἦν πονηρὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐζήλωσε τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἦν καλά«.

dia touto kai ho hagios Iōannēs eipen »ho misōn ton adelphon autou, houtos ou teteleiōtai en tę̄ agapę̄, alla ek tou Kaïn estin, hos apekteine ton adelphon autou. kai dia ti auton apekteinen? hoti ēn ponēra ta erga autou kai ezēlōse ta erga autou, hoti ēn kala«.

For this reason the holy John too said, 'He who hates his brother is not made perfect in love, but is of Cain, who killed his brother. And why did he kill him? Because his works were evil, and he was jealous of his brother's works, because they were good.'

1 John 3:12 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 John 3:15 (allusion, medium confidence) · 1 John 4:18 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: 1 John traces hatred to Cain.

A free combination of 1 John 3:12, 15 and 4:18.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): Ἰωάννῃς → Ἰωάννης.

Topics: Ethics

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.5.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-5-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.5.5Holl GCS 25/31:68–69

οὕτω καὶ οὑτοι μᾶλλον φθονοῦντες τῷ Ἄβελ τῷ καλὰ ἔργα ἔχοντι, τὸν δὲ Κάϊν τιμῶντες, πῶς οὐκ ἐλέγχονται, διαρρήδην τοῦ σωτῆρος λέγοντος καὶ ἀπότομον ἀπόφασιν ὁρίζοντος αὐτοῖς ὅτι »ζητηθήσεται ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης πᾶν αἷμα δίκαιον ἀπὸ Ἄβελ τοῦ δικαίου τὸ ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς ἐκκεχυμένον ἕως Ζαχαρίου τοῦ προφήτου, οὑ ἀπεκτείνατε μέσον τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου« καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς;

houtō kai houtoi mallon phthonountes tǭ Abel tǭ kala erga echonti, ton de Kaïn timōntes, pōs ouk elenchontai, diarrēdēn tou sōtēros legontos kai apotomon apophasin horizontos autois hoti »zētēthēsetai apo tēs geneas tautēs pan haima dikaion apo Abel tou dikaiou to apʼ archēs ekkechymenon heōs Zachariou tou prophētou, hou apekteinate meson tou naou kai tou thysiastēriou« kai ta hexēs?

So these too, envying Abel who had good works and honoring Cain, how are they not refuted, when the Savior expressly says and pronounces a severe sentence on them: 'All righteous blood will be required of this generation, from Abel the righteous, shed from the beginning, to Zechariah the prophet, whom you killed between the temple and the altar,' and so on?

Luke 11:50 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 23:35 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Jesus calls Abel righteous.

A combination of Luke 11:50–51 and Matt 23:35.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.5.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:68–69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 38, chapter 6

38.6.1Holl GCS 25/31:69

6. Οὐκ ἄρα τοίνυν ὡς οὗτοί φασι διὰ γνῶσιν ὁ Ἰούδας παρέδωκε τὸν σωτῆρα οὐδὲ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι μισθὸν ἔχουσι σταυρώσαντες τὸν κύριον, καίτοι γε διὰ σταυροῦ ἐχόντων ἡμῶν τὴν σωτηρίαν.

6. Ouk ara toinyn hōs houtoi phasi dia gnōsin ho Ioudas paredōke ton sōtēra oude hoi Ioudaioi misthon echousi staurōsantes ton kyrion, kaitoi ge dia staurou echontōn hēmōn tēn sōtērian.

So it was not, as these say, because of knowledge that Judas betrayed the Savior; nor do the Jews have a reward for crucifying the Lord, even though we have salvation through the cross.

Notes and citation

Summary: Neither Judas nor the crucifiers earned credit for salvation.

Epiphanius's polemic, stated as written.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.6.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.6.2Holl GCS 25/31:69

οὔτε γὰρ παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν Ἰούδας, ἴνα γένηται ἡμῖν εἰς σωτηρίαν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἄγνοιαν καὶ ζῆλον καὶ φιλαργυρίαν ἀρνησιθεΐας.

oute gar paredōken auton Ioudas, ina genētai hēmin eis sōtērian, alla kata agnoian kai zēlon kai philargyrian arnēsitheïas.

For Judas did not betray him so that it might be for our salvation, but out of ignorance, jealousy, and love of money, in denial of God.

Notes and citation

Summary: Judas acted from greed and jealousy.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.6.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.6.3Holl GCS 25/31:69

κἄν τε γὰρ εἴποι ἡ γραφὴ τὸν Χριστὸν μέλλοντα σταυρῷ παραδίδοσθαι ἢ κἂν εἴπῃ ἡ θεία γραφὴ τὰ ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν διʼ ἡμῶν ἐπιτελούμενα ἀτοπήματα, οὐ πάντως εὕροι ἄν τις ἡμῶν τῶν τὰ παράνομα πραττόντων ἀπολογίαν, τὴν τῆς γραφῆς μαρτυρίαν προφέρων προθεσπιζούσης ταῦτα ἔσεσθαι.

kan te gar eipoi hē graphē ton Christon mellonta staurǭ paradidosthai ē kan eipę̄ hē theia graphē ta epʼ eschatōn tōn hēmerōn diʼ hēmōn epiteloumena atopēmata, ou pantōs heuroi an tis hēmōn tōn ta paranoma prattontōn apologian, tēn tēs graphēs martyrian propherōn prothespizousēs tauta esesthai.

For even if Scripture said that Christ would be given over to the cross, or if the divine Scripture speaks of the outrages committed by us in the last days, none of us who do lawless things could find a defense by citing the testimony of Scripture which foretold that these things would be.

Notes and citation

Summary: Prophecy of a sin is no excuse for it.

Topics: Scripture and canon, Ethics

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.6.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.6.4Holl GCS 25/31:69

οὐ γὰρ ὅτι εἶπεν ἡ γραφὴ ποιοῦμεν, ἀλλʼ ὅτι ἐμέλλομεν ποιεῖν προεῖπεν ἡ γραφή, διὰ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ πρόγνωσιν καὶ ἵνα θεὸς ἀγαθὸς ὑπάρχων, ἐπιφέρων δὲ τὴν ὀργὴν κατὰ τῶν ἁμαρτανόντων μὴ ὑποληφθῇ πάθει συνεχόμενος.

ou gar hoti eipen hē graphē poioumen, allʼ hoti emellomen poiein proeipen hē graphē, dia tēn tou theou prognōsin kai hina theos agathos hyparchōn, epipherōn de tēn orgēn kata tōn hamartanontōn mē hypolēphthę̄ pathei synechomenos.

For we do not act because Scripture said so; rather, Scripture foretold it because we were going to act, owing to God's foreknowledge; and so that God, being good but bringing wrath on sinners, might not be supposed to be gripped by passion.

Notes and citation

Summary: Scripture foretells because God foreknows; it does not cause.

Topics: Scripture and canon

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.6.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.6.5Holl GCS 25/31:69

ἡ γὰρ καθʼ ἑκάστου τῶν ἁμαρτανόντων παρὰ θεοῦ ὀργὴ οὐκ ἀπὸ πάθους ὁρμᾶται· ἀπαθὲς γὰρ τὸ θεῖον, ἐπιφέρει δὲ τὴν ὀργὴν κατὰ ἀνθρώπων οὐ πάθει ληφθὲν ἀγανακτήσεως οὐδὲ ὀργῇ ἡττηθὲν καὶ κρατούμενον. δείκνυσι γὰρ τὸ ἀπαθὲς ὁ θεός, προειπὼν ἡμῖν τὴν ἐσομένην κρίσιν καὶ τὴν δικαίαν παρʼ αὐτοῦ τιμωρίαν γινομένην, ἵνα τὸ ἀπαθὲς σημάνῃ τῆς θεότητος.

hē gar kathʼ hekastou tōn hamartanontōn para theou orgē ouk apo pathous hormatai; apathes gar to theion, epipherei de tēn orgēn kata anthrōpōn ou pathei lēphthen aganaktēseōs oude orgę̄ hēttēthen kai kratoumenon. deiknysi gar to apathes ho theos, proeipōn hēmin tēn esomenēn krisin kai tēn dikaian parʼ autou timōrian ginomenēn, hina to apathes sēmanę̄ tēs theotētos.

For God's wrath against each sinner does not arise from passion, for the divine is impassible; it brings wrath upon human beings without being seized by the passion of indignation or overcome and ruled by anger. For God shows his impassibility by telling us beforehand of the judgment to come and the just punishment from him, so that he may indicate the impassibility of the Godhead.

Notes and citation

Summary: God's wrath is not a passion.

Topics: Eschatology

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.6.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.6.6Holl GCS 25/31:69

προεῖπεν τοίνυν ἡ γραφὴ κατὰ πρόγνωσιν προασφαλιζομένη καὶ διδάσκουσα, ἵνα μὴ ἐμπέσωμεν εἰς ὀργὴν ἀνήκεστον θεοῦ, τὴν οὐ πάθει ὁρισθεῖσαν οὐδὲ συμβαίνουσαν ἀπὸ ἥττης, ἀλλὰ δικαιότατα τοῖς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐκτελοῦσιν ἀνθρώποις προετοιμασθεῖσαν καὶ μὴ μετανοοῦσιν ἐξ ἀληθείας.

proeipen toinyn hē graphē kata prognōsin proasphalizomenē kai didaskousa, hina mē empesōmen eis orgēn anēkeston theou, tēn ou pathei horistheisan oude symbainousan apo hēttēs, alla dikaiotata tois tēn hamartian ektelousin anthrōpois proetoimastheisan kai mē metanoousin ex alētheias.

So Scripture foretold by foreknowledge, securing us in advance and teaching us, so that we may not fall into God's incurable wrath, which is not determined by passion or arising from defeat, but is most justly prepared for people who commit sin and do not truly repent.

Notes and citation

Summary: Prophecy warns us to repent and escape judgment.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (Word split by a line-end hyphen.): προετοιμασθεῖ- σαν → προετοιμασθεῖσαν.

Topics: Eschatology

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.6.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 38, chapter 7

38.7.1Holl GCS 25/31:69

7. Οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ, οὐχ ὅτι εἶπεν ἡ θεία γραφή, ἐσταύρωσαν Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ παρέδωκεν Ἰούδας τὸν σωτῆρα, ἀλλʼ ὅτι ἔμελλεν παραδιδόναι Ἰούδας καὶ Ἰουδαῖοι σταυροῦν, τούτου ἕνεκα προεῖπεν ἡ θεία γραφὴ ἐν τῇ παλαιᾷ διαθήκῃ καὶ ὁ κύριος ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ.

7. Houtō kai epi tou staurou, ouch hoti eipen hē theia graphē, estaurōsan Ioudaioi kai paredōken Ioudas ton sōtēra, allʼ hoti emellen paradidonai Ioudas kai Ioudaioi stauroun, toutou heneka proeipen hē theia graphē en tę̄ palaią diathēkę̄ kai ho kyrios en tǭ euangeliǭ.

So too with the cross: it was not because the divine Scripture said so that the Jews crucified the Savior and Judas betrayed him; but because Judas was going to betray and the Jews to crucify, for this reason the divine Scripture foretold it in the Old Testament, and the Lord in the Gospel.

Notes and citation

Summary: Scripture foretold the betrayal because it would happen.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (Words run together.): ἕνεκαπροεῖπεν → ἕνεκα προεῖπεν.

Topics: Scripture and canon

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.7.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:69; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.7.2Holl GCS 25/31:69–70

ὥστε οὐν οὐκ ἐν γνώσει τῆς ἐσομένης εὐεργεσίας τῷ κόσμῳ παραδέδωκε τὸν κύριον Ἰούδας, ὡς ἐκεῖνοι λέγουσιν, ἀλλʼ εἰδὼς μὲν ὅτι ὁ αὐτοῦ δεσπότης ὑπῆρχεν, ἀγνοῶν δὲ ὅτι σωτηρία ἔσται τῷ κόσμῳ.

hōste oun ouk en gnōsei tēs esomenēs euergesias tǭ kosmǭ paradedōke ton kyrion Ioudas, hōs ekeinoi legousin, allʼ eidōs men hoti ho autou despotēs hypērchen, agnoōn de hoti sōtēria estai tǭ kosmǭ.

So Judas did not betray the Lord knowing of the benefit to come to the world, as they say; but he knew that he was his Master, and did not know that salvation would come to the world.

Notes and citation

Summary: Judas did not know his betrayal would bring salvation.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.7.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:69–70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.7.3Holl GCS 25/31:70

πῶς ἂν εἴη σωτηρίας ἀνθρώπων ἐπιμελόμενος ὁ παρʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἀκούων »ἀπωλείας υἱός. καὶ τό »συμφέρει αὐτῷ, εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη« καὶ τό »ἑταῖρε, ἐφʼ ὃ πάρει« καὶ τό »εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν παραδώσει με« καὶ τό ὁ ἐσθίων μετʼ ἐμοῦ τὸν ἄρτον ἐπῇρεν κατ ἐμοῦ πτερνισμόν. ὡς ἔχει τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἐκ προαγούσης μαρτυρίας τοῦ Ψαλτηρίου) καὶ > οὐαὶ διʼ οὗ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται«;

pōs an eiē sōtērias anthrōpōn epimelomenos ho parʼ autou tou sōtēros akouōn »apōleias huios. kai to »sympherei autǭ, ei ouk egennēthē« kai to »hetaire, ephʼ ho parei« kai to »heis ex hymōn paradōsei me« kai to ho esthiōn metʼ emou ton arton epę̄ren kat emou pternismon. hōs echei to euangelion ek proagousēs martyrias tou Psaltēriou) kai > ouai diʼ hou ho huios tou anthrōpou paradidotai«?

How could one who cared for the salvation of human beings hear from the Savior himself 'son of perdition', and 'It would be better for him if he had not been born', and 'Friend, why are you here?', and 'One of you will betray me', and 'He who eats bread with me has lifted up his heel against me' (as the Gospel has it from the earlier testimony of the Psalter), and 'Woe to him through whom the Son of Man is betrayed'?

John 17:12 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 26:24 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 26:50 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 26:21 (quotation, high confidence) · John 13:18 (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 41:9 (40:10 LXX) (quotation, medium confidence) · Mark 14:21 (quotation, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Jesus's words about Judas show he was no benefactor.

John 17:12; Matt 26:24; Matt 26:50; Matt 26:21; John 13:18 quoting Ps 41:9 (LXX 40:10); Matt 26:24 / Mark 14:21.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.; Repeated word.): πῶς ἂν ἂν εἴη → πῶς ἂν εἴη; μαρτθρίας → μαρτυρίας.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.7.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.7.4Holl GCS 25/31:70

αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ Ἰούδας περὶ ἑαυτοῦ τὸ πᾶν ὑπέφηνεν καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐπαινούντων αὐτὸν ἄνοιαν καὶ <ἀφ᾿> ἑαυτοῦ ἤλεγξεν, εἰ ἄκων ἀλλʼ ὅμως μετὰ τὸ λαβεῖν τὸ τίμημα τὰ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια ὕστερον μεταμεληθεὶς καὶ ἀποστρέψας τὰ ἀργύρια, ὡς κακόν τι πεπραχώς, κακὸν μὲν ἑαυτῷ κακὸν δὲ καὶ τοῖς σταυρώσασιν.

autos gar ho Ioudas peri heautou to pan hypephēnen kai tēn tōn epainountōn auton anoian kai <aph᾿> heautou ēlenxen, ei akōn allʼ homōs meta to labein to timēma ta triakonta argyria hysteron metamelētheis kai apostrepsas ta argyria, hōs kakon ti peprachōs, kakon men heautǭ kakon de kai tois staurōsasin.

For Judas himself revealed everything about himself and refuted, by his own act, the folly of those who praise him, if unwillingly: after taking the price, the thirty pieces of silver, he later repented and returned the silver, as having done something evil, evil for himself and evil also for those who crucified.

Matt 27:3 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Judas's remorse shows he knew he had done evil.

Matt 27:3.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.7.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.7.5Holl GCS 25/31:70

ὁ δὲ κύριος ἀγαθὸν διʼ ἑαυτοῦ ἐπιτελῶν ἡμῖν τε καὶ τῷ κόσμῳ ἑαυτὸν παραδέδωκεν, ἴνα γένηται ἡμῖν σωτηρία.

ho de kyrios agathon diʼ heautou epitelōn hēmin te kai tǭ kosmǭ heauton paradedōken, ina genētai hēmin sōtēria.

But the Lord, accomplishing good by himself for us and for the world, handed himself over, so that salvation might come to us.

Gal 2:20 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Christ gave himself up for our salvation.

Cf. Gal 2:20; Eph 5:2.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.7.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.7.6Holl GCS 25/31:70

ἄρα οὖν οὐχὶ τῷ Ἰούδᾳ τῷ προδότῃ ὁμολογοῦμεν τὴν χάριν, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἐλεήμονι σωτῆρι, τῷ τὴν ψυχὴν θέντι ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν τῶν ἰδίων αὐτοῦ προβάτων, καθὼς αύτὸς εἰπε.

ara oun ouchi tǭ Ioudą tǭ prodotę̄ homologoumen tēn charin, alla tǭ eleēmoni sōtēri, tǭ tēn psychēn thenti hyper hēmōn tōn idiōn autou probatōn, kathōs autos eipe.

So we confess our thanks not to Judas the betrayer but to the merciful Savior, who laid down his life for us, his own sheep, as he himself said.

John 10:11 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Thanks belong to Christ, not Judas.

John 10:11, 15.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.7.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.7.7Holl GCS 25/31:70

πῶς γὰρ ὁ νομίσας άγαθὸν ἐπιτελέσαι ὕστερον λέγει ὅτι »μεταμεμέλημαι παραδεδωκὼς αἷμα ἀθῷον« καὶ ἀπέστρεψε τὰ ἀργύρια, καθὼς ἠν περὶ αὐτοῦ γεγραμμένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις καὶ ἀπέστρεψε τοὺς τριάκοντα ἀργυροῦς, τὴν τιμὴν τοῦ τετιμημένου παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ«, καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἄλλῳ προφήτῃ »εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν ὑμῖν, δότε τὸν μισθόν μου ἢ ἀπείπασθε«,

pōs gar ho nomisas agathon epitelesai hysteron legei hoti »metamemelēmai paradedōkōs haima athǭon« kai apestrepse ta argyria, kathōs ēn peri autou gegrammenon en tois prophētais kai apestrepse tous triakonta argyrous, tēn timēn tou tetimēmenou para tōn huiōn Israēl«, kai palin en allǭ prophētę̄ »ei dikaion estin hymin, dote ton misthon mou ē apeipasthe«,

For how could one who thought he was doing good later say, 'I have repented, having betrayed innocent blood,' and return the silver, as was written of him in the prophets, 'And he returned the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him who was priced by the sons of Israel,' and again in another prophet, 'If it is right in your sight, give me my wages, or refuse'?

Matt 27:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 27:9 (quotation, high confidence) · Zech 11:12 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Judas's repentance was foretold by the prophets.

Matt 27:3–4, 9; Zech 11:12.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): ἀργύρις → ἀργύρια.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.7.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-7-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.7.8Holl GCS 25/31:70

καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἄλλῳ προφήτῃ καὶ ἔδωκαν τὸ ἀργύριον τὴν τιμὴν τοῦ τετιμημένου, καὶ εἶπεν, κάθες αὐτὸ εἰς τὸ χωνευτήριον καὶ ἴδε εἰ δόκιμόν ἐστιν, ὡς ἐδοκιμάσθην ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ«.

kai palin en allǭ prophētę̄ kai edōkan to argyrion tēn timēn tou tetimēmenou, kai eipen, kathes auto eis to chōneutērion kai ide ei dokimon estin, hōs edokimasthēn apo tōn huiōn Israēl«.

and again in another prophet, 'And they gave the silver, the price of him who was priced, and he said, "Put it into the furnace and see if it is genuine, as I was tested by the sons of Israel."'

Zech 11:13 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Zechariah foretold the thirty pieces.

Zech 11:13 in the LXX form ('furnace'), loosely quoted. Epiphanius treats it as a third prophet.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.7.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-7-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 38, chapter 8

38.8.1Holl GCS 25/31:70

8. Καὶ πόσα ἔστιν ἀπὸ τῆς θείας γραφῆς συλλέγειν περὶ τῶν τελειωθέντων ἐν τῷ κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, οὐ κατὰ τὴν Ἰούδα πρὸς τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐνέργειαν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν οὐ κατὰ ἀνάγκην ἀλλὰ ἐκ προαιρέσεως ἑαυτοῦ) παράδοσιν καὶ οἰκονομίαν τοῦ σταυροῦ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡμῶν σωτηρίας.

8. Kai posa estin apo tēs theias graphēs syllegein peri tōn teleiōthentōn en tǭ kyriǭ hēmōn, ou kata tēn Iouda pros to agathon energeian, alla kata tēn tou sōtēros hēmōn kai kyriou Iēsou Christou tou huiou tou theou hyper hēmōn ou kata anankēn alla ek proaireseōs heautou) paradosin kai oikonomian tou staurou hyper tēs hēmōn sōtērias.

And how much one could gather from the divine Scripture about those made perfect in our Lord, not through Judas's working toward the good, but through the handing over of our Savior and Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, for us (not by necessity but by his own choice), and through the dispensation of the cross for our salvation.

Notes and citation

Summary: Salvation comes from Christ's free self-offering.

The sentence has no main verb in the Greek.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.8.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.8.2Holl GCS 25/31:70–71

οἶδα δὲ εἰς πολὺν ὄγκον ἄγων τὰς μαρτυρίας, ὡς λέγει πάλιν ἄλλος προφήτης »γενέσθω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος καὶ τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτοῦ λαβέτω ἕτερος« *,

oida de eis polyn onkon agōn tas martyrias, hōs legei palin allos prophētēs »genesthō hē epaulis autou erēmos kai tēn episkopēn autou labetō heteros« *,

I know that I am piling the testimonies to a great mass, as another prophet again says, 'Let his homestead become desolate, and let another take his office' …,

Acts 1:20 (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 69:25 (68:26 LXX) (quotation, medium confidence) · Ps 109:8 (108:8 LXX) (quotation, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Psalms foretold Judas's replacement.

Ps 69:25 (LXX 68:26) and Ps 109:8 (LXX 108:8), as combined in Acts 1:20. A word is missing at the end.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.8.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:70–71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.8.3Holl GCS 25/31:71

ὅς »πρηνὴν γενόμενος ἐλάκησε μέσος καὶ ἐξεχύθη πάντα τὰ σπλάγχνα αὐτοῦ« καὶ τὸ πέρας ἀγχόνῃ χρησάμενος † ἔδειξεν τὸ πᾶν τῆς αὐτοῦ σωτηρίας διολέσας τῷ διαπεσεῖν τῆς ἐλπίδος κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ ἄτακτον καὶ προπετῆ κατὰ τοῦ δεσπότου αὐτοῦ ἐπιβουλὴν καὶ ἕνεκεν φιλαργυρίας ἐπʼ ἀρνησιθεΐαν·

hos »prēnēn genomenos elakēse mesos kai exechythē panta ta splanchna autou« kai to peras anchonę̄ chrēsamenos † edeixen to pan tēs autou sōtērias diolesas tǭ diapesein tēs elpidos kata tēn autou atakton kai propetē kata tou despotou autou epiboulēn kai heneken philargyrias epʼ arnēsitheïan;

who 'falling headlong burst open in the middle, and all his entrails poured out'; and at the end, having used the noose, he … showed that he had lost the whole of his salvation by falling from hope, because of his disorderly and rash plot against his Master and because of love of money, leading to denial of God;

Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.

Acts 1:18 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 27:5 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Judas's end shows he lost his salvation.

Acts 1:18; Matt 27:5. The edition marks a corrupt word after 'noose'.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.8.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.8.4Holl GCS 25/31:71

ὡς καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν αὐτῶν ἀριθμὸν Ματθίαν κατέστησαν, λέγοντες »ἀφʼ οὗ παρέβη Ἰούδας ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὸν τόπον τὸν ἴδιον«.

hōs kai hoi apostoloi antʼ autou eis ton autōn arithmon Matthian katestēsan, legontes »aphʼ hou parebē Ioudas apelthein eis ton topon ton idion«.

as the apostles also appointed Matthias to their number in his place, saying, 'from which Judas turned aside to go to his own place.'

Acts 1:25 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Matthias replaced Judas, who went 'to his own place'.

Acts 1:25–26.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): τὸν ἔδιον → τὸν ἴδιον.

Topics: Church office

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.8.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.8.5Holl GCS 25/31:71

ποῖον δὲ τοῦτον ἀλλʼ ἢ ὃν ἀπεφήνατο αὐτῷ ὁ σωτὴρ λέγων ὅτι ἐστὶν υἱὸς ἀπωλείας; οὑτος γὰρ ἀφωρίσθη αὐτῷ τόπος ὁ τῆς ἀπωλείας, ἔνθα ἔσχεν ἀντὶ μερίδος μερίδα καὶ ἀντὶ ἐπισκοπῆς ἀποστολικῆς τὸν τόπον τῆς ἀπωλείας.

poion de touton allʼ ē hon apephēnato autǭ ho sōtēr legōn hoti estin huios apōleias? houtos gar aphōristhē autǭ topos ho tēs apōleias, entha eschen anti meridos merida kai anti episkopēs apostolikēs ton topon tēs apōleias.

And what place is this but the one the Savior declared for him when he said he was the son of perdition? For the place of perdition was marked out for him, where he received a portion in place of a portion, and in place of the apostolic office the place of perdition.

John 17:12 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Judas's 'own place' is perdition.

John 17:12; Acts 1:25.

Topics: Eschatology

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.8.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-8-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.8.6Holl GCS 25/31:71

Περὶ τούτου δὲ ἱκανῶς ἔχειν τὰ εἰρημένα νομίσαντες καθεξῆς πάλιν ἐφʼ ἑτέραν ἴωμεν, ὦ ἀγαπητοί, τὰ σκολιὰ πάλιν καὶ θηριώδη καὶ ἰοβόλα διδάγματα ἀποκαλύπτοντες τῶν παρὰ ταῖς λοιπαῖς ἐξ ἐπιπλάστου διαβολικῆς ἐπιπνοίας τῷ κόσμῳ λύμης ἕνεκα ἐμβεβροντημένων.

Peri toutou de hikanōs echein ta eirēmena nomisantes kathexēs palin ephʼ heteran iōmen, ō agapētoi, ta skolia palin kai thēriōdē kai iobola didagmata apokalyptontes tōn para tais loipais ex epiplastou diabolikēs epipnoias tǭ kosmǭ lymēs heneka embebrontēmenōn.

Thinking that what has been said about this is sufficient, let us go on in order to another, beloved, again uncovering the crooked, beastly, and venomous teachings of those who, among the remaining heresies, have been struck senseless by a fabricated diabolical inspiration, to the ruin of the world.

Notes and citation

Summary: Epiphanius moves on to the next heresy.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.8.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-8-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

38.8.7Holl GCS 25/31:71

τῶν γὰρ τοιούτων τὴν γνώμην τῶν τοῦ χείρονος ὀρεγομένων, ἐοικυῖαν τῷ γένει τοῦ βουπρήστου κανθάρου, ἀποκαλύψαντες οὐσάν τε ἐπιβλαβῆ ἐν τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ δυνάμει καταθλάσαντες, ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν ἄλλων ἔρευναν τὸν νοῦν ἐπιβαλόμενοι τὸν θεὸν ἀρωγὸν ἐπικαλεσώμεθα, ὠ Χριστοῦ παῖδες.

tōn gar toioutōn tēn gnōmēn tōn tou cheironos oregomenōn, eoikuian tǭ genei tou bouprēstou kantharou, apokalypsantes ousan te epiblabē en tę̄ tou theou dynamei katathlasantes, epi tēn tōn allōn ereunan ton noun epibalomenoi ton theon arōgon epikalesōmetha, ō Christou paides.

For having uncovered the mind of such people, who long for the worse, like the kind of beetle called the buprestis, and having crushed it, harmful as it is, by the power of God, let us turn our minds to the investigation of the others and call on God as our helper, children of Christ.

Notes and citation

Summary: Having crushed the 'beetle', Epiphanius prays for help.

The buprestis was a beetle thought poisonous to cattle.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): ἐῳκυῖαν → ἐοικυῖαν.

Topics: Heresy, Prayer

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.8.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:71; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-38-8-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 39, chapter 1

39.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:71–72

Σηθιανοὶ πάλιν αἵρεσις ἑτέρα ἐστὶν οὕτω καλουμένη, οὐ πανταχοῦ δὲ αὕτη εὑρίσκεται οὔτε ἡ πρὸ ταύτης ἡ τῶν Καϊανῶν λεγομένη· τάχα δὲ ἤδη καὶ αἱ πλείους τούτων ἐξερριζώθησαν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου. τὸ γὰρ οὐκ ἐκ θεοῦ ὂν οὐ σταθήσεται, ἀλλὰ καιρῷ μὲν ἀκμάζει, εἰς τὸ παντελὲς δὲ διαρκῶς οὐκ ἐμπαραμένει.

Sēthianoi palin hairesis hetera estin houtō kaloumenē, ou pantachou de hautē heurisketai oute hē pro tautēs hē tōn Kaïanōn legomenē; tacha de ēdē kai hai pleious toutōn exerrizōthēsan ek tou kosmou. to gar ouk ek theou on ou stathēsetai, alla kairǭ men akmazei, eis to panteles de diarkōs ouk emparamenei.

The Sethians, again, are another heresy so called. It is not found everywhere, nor is the one before it, called the Cainites; perhaps most of them have already been rooted out of the world. For what is not from God will not stand, but flourishes for a season and does not last to the end.

Acts 5:38 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Sethians, like the Cainites, have nearly died out.

Heresy 39, the Sethians. Cf. Acts 5:38–39.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:71–72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:72

τάχα δὲ οἶμαι ἐν τῇ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων χώρᾳ συντετυχηκέναι καὶ ταύτῃ τῇ αἱρέσει οὐ γὰρ ἀκριβῶς τὴν χώραν μέμνημαι, ἐν ᾐ αὐτοῖς συνέτυχον)· καὶ τὰ μὲν κατὰ ἱστορίαν φύσει αὐτοψίᾳ περὶ ταύτης ἔγνωμεν, τὰ δὲ ἐκ συγγραμμάτων περὶ αὐτῆς ἐμάθομεν.

tacha de oimai en tę̄ tōn Aigyptiōn chōrą syntetychēkenai kai tautę̄ tę̄ hairesei ou gar akribōs tēn chōran memnēmai, en ę̄ autois synetychon); kai ta men kata historian physei autopsią peri tautēs egnōmen, ta de ek syngrammatōn peri autēs emathomen.

I think I also met this heresy in the land of the Egyptians (I do not remember exactly the country in which I met them). Some things about it we learned by inquiry at first hand, others we learned from writings about it.

Notes and citation

Summary: Epiphanius knows the Sethians firsthand and from books.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): μένηνμαι → μέμνημαι.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:72

Οὑτοι γὰρ οἱ Σηθιανοὶ ἀπὸ Σὴθ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ σεμνύνονται τὸ γένος κατάγειν αὐτόν τε δοξάζουσι καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν πάντα ὅσαπερ ἀρετῆς εἰναι * ἀναφέρουσι, τά τε τῆς ἀρετῆς τεκμήρια καὶ δικαιοσύνης καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα ὑπάρχει. οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ καὶ Χριστὸν αὐτὸν ὀνομάζουσι καὶ αὐτὸν εἶναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν διαβεβαιοῦνται.

Houtoi gar hoi Sēthianoi apo Sēth tou huiou tou Adam semnynontai to genos katagein auton te doxazousi kai eis auton panta hosaper aretēs einai * anapherousi, ta te tēs aretēs tekmēria kai dikaiosynēs kai hosa toiauta hyparchei. ou mēn de alla kai Christon auton onomazousi kai auton einai ton Iēsoun diabebaiountai.

These Sethians pride themselves on tracing their race from Seth, the son of Adam; they glorify him and ascribe to him everything that belongs to virtue …, the proofs of virtue and righteousness and all such things. Moreover, they also call him Christ and assert that he is Jesus.

Gen 4:25 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Sethians honor Seth and identify him with Christ.

A word is missing in the digital text.

Topics: Heresy, Christology

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:72

διδάσκουσι δὲ αὐτῶν τὴν διδασκαλίαν οὕτω, ὅτι, φησίν, ἐξ ἀγγέλων γεγένηται τὰ πάντα καὶ οὐκ ἐκ τῆς ἄνω δυνάμεως.

didaskousi de autōn tēn didaskalian houtō, hoti, phēsin, ex angelōn gegenētai ta panta kai ouk ek tēs anō dynameōs.

They teach their doctrine thus: all things, he says, came into being from angels and not from the power above.

Notes and citation

Summary: Angels, not the highest power, made the world.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 39, chapter 2

39.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:72

2. Οὑτοι γὰρ συνῳδὰ λέγουσι τῇ πρώτῃ αἱρέσει τῶν Καϊανῶν κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος· γεγενῆσθαι ἐξ ὑπαρχῆς εὐθὺς δύο ἀνθρώπους καὶ ἐκ τῶν δύο εἶναι τὸν Κάϊν καὶ τὸν Ἄβελ, περὶ τούτων τε στασιάσαντας τοὺς ἀγγέλους εἰς <πόλεμον πρὸς> ἀλλήλους ἥκειν, οὕτω τε πεποιηκέναι ἀποκτανθῆναι τὸν Ἄβελ ὑπὸ τοῦ Κάϊν·

2. Houtoi gar synǭda legousi tę̄ prōtę̄ hairesei tōn Kaïanōn kata touto to meros; gegenēsthai ex hyparchēs euthys dyo anthrōpous kai ek tōn dyo einai ton Kaïn kai ton Abel, peri toutōn te stasiasantas tous angelous eis <polemon pros> allēlous hēkein, houtō te pepoiēkenai apoktanthēnai ton Abel hypo tou Kaïn;

In this part they agree with the earlier heresy of the Cainites: that at the very beginning two human beings were made, and from the two came Cain and Abel; and that the angels, quarreling over these, came to war with one another, and so brought it about that Abel was killed by Cain.

Gen 4:8 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Angels warred over Cain and Abel.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR capitalization slip.): ΚάΪν → Κάϊν.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:72

ἦν γὰρ ἡ στάσις τοῖς ἀγγέλοις ἀγωνιζομένοις περὶ τῶν γενῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, * τούτων τῶν δύο, τοῦ γεγεννηκότος τὸν Κάϊν καὶ τοῦ γεγεννηκότος τὸν Ἄβελ.

ēn gar hē stasis tois angelois agōnizomenois peri tōn genōn tōn anthrōpōn, * toutōn tōn dyo, tou gegennēkotos ton Kaïn kai tou gegennēkotos ton Abel.

For there was strife among the angels contending over the races of human beings, … these two, the one who begot Cain and the one who begot Abel.

Notes and citation

Summary: Two angelic parties fathered Cain and Abel.

A word is missing in the digital text.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (Repeated syllable.): στάσις σις → στάσις.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:72–73

κεκρατηκέναι δὲ τὴν ἄνω δύναμιν, ἣν Μητέρα φάσκουσι καὶ Θήλειαν· δοκεῖ γὰρ αὐτοῖς εἶναι καὶ μητέρας ἄνω καὶ θηλείας καὶ ἄρρενας, ὀλίγου δὲ δεῖ καὶ συγγενείας καὶ πατριαρχίας λέγειν. ἐπεὶ οὖν κεκράτηκε, φασίν, ἡ Μήτηρ καὶ Θήλεια καλουμένη,

kekratēkenai de tēn anō dynamin, hēn Mētera phaskousi kai Thēleian; dokei gar autois einai kai mēteras anō kai thēleias kai arrenas, oligou de dei kai syngeneias kai patriarchias legein. epei oun kekratēke, phasin, hē Mētēr kai Thēleia kaloumenē,

And the power above, which they call Mother and Female, prevailed; for they think there are mothers above, and females and males, and they all but speak of kinships and clans. Since, then, they say, the one called Mother and Female prevailed,

Notes and citation

Summary: The heavenly Mother prevailed.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:72–73; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:73

γνοῦσα ὅτι ἀπέκτανται Ἄβελ, ἐνθυμηθεῖσα ἐποίησε γεννηθῆναι τὸν Σὴθ καὶ έν τούτῳ ἔθετο τὴν αὐτῆς δύναμιν, καὶ] καταβαλοῦσα ἐν αὐτῷ σπέρμα τῆς ἄνωθεν δυνάμεως καὶ τὸν σπινθῆρα τὸν ἄνωθεν πεμφθέντα εἰς πρώτην καταβολὴν τοῦ σπέρματος καὶ συστάσεως.

gnousa hoti apektantai Abel, enthymētheisa epoiēse gennēthēnai ton Sēth kai en toutǭ etheto tēn autēs dynamin, kai] katabalousa en autǭ sperma tēs anōthen dynameōs kai ton spinthēra ton anōthen pemphthenta eis prōtēn katabolēn tou spermatos kai systaseōs.

knowing that Abel had been killed, she took thought and caused Seth to be born, and placed her own power in him, casting into him the seed of the power above and the spark sent from above for the first sowing of the seed and its establishment.

Gen 4:25 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Mother put the heavenly seed into Seth.

Gen 4:25.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (Stray mark.): καταβαλοῦσα | ἐν → καταβαλοῦσα ἐν.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:73; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:73

καὶ εἰναι ταύτην σύστασιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἐκλογὴν σπέρματος καὶ γένους, ὅπως διὰ τῆς αύτης συστάσεως καὶ τούτου τοῦ σπέρματος καθαιρεθῶσιν αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν ἀγγέλων τῶν τὸν κόσμον πεποιηκότων καὶ τοὺς δύο ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς ἀνθρώπους.

kai einai tautēn systasin tēs dikaiosynēs kai eklogēn spermatos kai genous, hopōs dia tēs autēs systaseōs kai toutou tou spermatos kathairethōsin hai dynameis tōn angelōn tōn ton kosmon pepoiēkotōn kai tous dyo apʼ archēs anthrōpous.

And this is the establishment of righteousness and the election of a seed and race, so that through this establishment and this seed the powers of the angels who made the world and the two original human beings might be destroyed.

Notes and citation

Summary: Seth's race is chosen to overthrow the angels.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:73; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.2.6Holl GCS 25/31:73

διὰ ταύτην οὖν τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὸ γένος τοῦ Σὴθ ἀφορισθὲν ἐντεῦθεν κατάγεται, ἐκλογῆς ὄν καὶ διακεκριμένον τοῦ ἄλλου γένους.

dia tautēn oun tēn aitian kai to genos tou Sēth aphoristhen enteuthen katagetai, eklogēs on kai diakekrimenon tou allou genous.

For this reason the race of Seth, set apart, is derived from here, being of election and distinct from the other race.

Notes and citation

Summary: Seth's race is an elect race.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.2.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:73; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.2.7Holl GCS 25/31:73

προβαινόντων γὰρ τῶν καιρῶν, φασί, καὶ ὁμοῦ ὄντων τῶν δύο γενῶν, τοῦ τε Κάϊν καὶ τοῦ Ἄβελ, εἰς τὸ αὐτό > συνελθόντων διὰ κακίαν πολλὴν καὶ ὁμοῦ μιχθέντων, ἀποβλέψασα ἡ πάντων Μήτηρ καθαρὸν τὸ σπέρμα τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἠβουλήθη ἀπεργάσασθαι, ὡς προεῖπον, διὰ τὸ τὸν Ἄβελ ἀπεκτάνθαι, καὶ τοῦτον τὸν Σὴθ ἐξελέξατο καὶ καθαρὸν ἔδειξεν καὶ ἐν τούτῳ τὸ σπέρμα μόνῳ τῆς αὐτῆς δυνάμεως καὶ καθαρότητος κατέθετο.

probainontōn gar tōn kairōn, phasi, kai homou ontōn tōn dyo genōn, tou te Kaïn kai tou Abel, eis to auto > synelthontōn dia kakian pollēn kai homou michthentōn, apoblepsasa hē pantōn Mētēr katharon to sperma tōn anthrōpōn ēboulēthē apergasasthai, hōs proeipon, dia to ton Abel apektanthai, kai touton ton Sēth exelexato kai katharon edeixen kai en toutǭ to sperma monǭ tēs autēs dynameōs kai katharotētos katetheto.

For as time went on, they say, and the two races, of Cain and of Abel, were together, having come together because of great wickedness and mixed together, the Mother of all, looking on, wished to make the seed of human beings pure, as I said, because Abel had been killed; and she chose this Seth, showed him pure, and deposited in him alone the seed of her power and purity.

Notes and citation

Summary: The Mother chose Seth as the pure seed.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): συνάμεως → δυνάμεως.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.2.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:73; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 39, chapter 3

39.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:73–74

3. Ἰδοῦσα δὲ πάλιν πολλὴν ἐπιμιξίαν καὶ ἄτακτον ὁρμὴν τῶν ἀγγέλων καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, εἰς μῖξιν τῶν δύο γενῶν ἐλθόντων, καὶ συστάσεις τινὰς γενῶν τὴν αὐτῶν ἀταξίαν ἐμποιήσασαν, πορευθεῖσα πάλιν ἡ αὐτὴ Μήτηρ τε καὶ Θήλεια κατακλυσμὸν ἤνεγκε καὶ ἀπώλεσε πᾶσαν στάσιν ἀνθρώπου παντός > γένους ἐναντίου, ἵνα δῆθεν τὸ καθαρὸν γένος τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ Σὴθ καὶ δίκαιον μόνον μείνῃ ἐν κόσμῳ, εἰς σύστασιν τοῦ ἄνωθεν γένους τε καὶ σπινθῆρος τῆς δικαιοσύνης.

3. Idousa de palin pollēn epimixian kai atakton hormēn tōn angelōn kai tōn anthrōpōn, eis mixin tōn dyo genōn elthontōn, kai systaseis tinas genōn tēn autōn ataxian empoiēsasan, poreutheisa palin hē autē Mētēr te kai Thēleia kataklysmon ēnenke kai apōlese pasan stasin anthrōpou pantos > genous enantiou, hina dēthen to katharon genos to apo tou Sēth kai dikaion monon meinę̄ en kosmǭ, eis systasin tou anōthen genous te kai spinthēros tēs dikaiosynēs.

But seeing again much intermingling and disorderly impulse of angels and human beings, since the two races had come into mixture, and certain unions of races having produced their disorder, the same Mother and Female went again and brought the flood and destroyed every rising of every human being of the opposing race, so that supposedly the pure and righteous race from Seth alone might remain in the world, for the establishment of the race from above and of the spark of righteousness.

Gen 6:2 (allusion, medium confidence) · Gen 7:21 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Mother sent the flood to keep Seth's race pure.

Gen 6:1–7.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): πόλιν πολλὴν → πάλιν πολλὴν.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:73–74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:74

ἔλαθον δὲ αὐτὴν πάλιν οἱ ἄγγελοι καὶ εἰσέδυσαν τὸν Χὰμ εἰς τὴν κιβωτόν, ὄντα τοῦ αὐτῶν σπέρματος. ὀκτὼ γὰρ ψυχῶν σωθεισῶν ἐν τῇ τότε λάρνακι τοῦ Νῶε ἑπτὰ μὲν εἶναι τοῦ καθαροῦ γένους φασί, τὸν δὲ ἕνα εἶναι τὸν Χὰμ τῆς ἄλλης δυνάμεως ὑπάρχοντα, ὃν εἰσδῦναι λαθόντα τὴν ἄνω Μητέρα.

elathon de autēn palin hoi angeloi kai eisedysan ton Cham eis tēn kibōton, onta tou autōn spermatos. oktō gar psychōn sōtheisōn en tę̄ tote larnaki tou Nōe hepta men einai tou katharou genous phasi, ton de hena einai ton Cham tēs allēs dynameōs hyparchonta, hon eisdynai lathonta tēn anō Mētera.

But the angels again escaped her notice and slipped Ham, who was of their seed, into the ark. For of the eight souls saved in Noah's ark at that time, they say, seven were of the pure race, but the one, Ham, belonged to the other power, and slipped in unnoticed by the Mother above.

Gen 7:13 (allusion, high confidence) · 1 Pet 3:20 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The angels smuggled Ham into the ark.

Gen 7:13; 1 Pet 3:20.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): τοῦ Νῶν → τοῦ Νῶε.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:74

ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων δὲ τὸ τοιοῦτο συσκευασθὲν οὕτως ἀποτελεσθῆναι· ἐπειδὴ γάρ, φασίν, ἔγνωσαν οἱ ἄγγελοι ὅτι μέλλει πᾶν τὸ σπέρμα αὐτῶν ἀπαλείφεσθαι ἐν τῷ κατακλυσμῷ, πανουργίᾳ τινὶ τὸν προειρημένον Χὰμ εἰς διατήρησιν τοῦ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν κτισθέντος γένους τῆς κακίας παρεισέβαλον.

hypo tōn angelōn de to toiouto syskeuasthen houtōs apotelesthēnai; epeidē gar, phasin, egnōsan hoi angeloi hoti mellei pan to sperma autōn apaleiphesthai en tǭ kataklysmǭ, panourgią tini ton proeirēmenon Cham eis diatērēsin tou hypʼ autōn ktisthentos genous tēs kakias pareisebalon.

This was contrived by the angels and carried out thus: since the angels knew, they say, that all their seed was going to be wiped out in the flood, they cunningly slipped in Ham, mentioned before, to preserve the race of wickedness they had created.

Notes and citation

Summary: Ham preserved the angels' race.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:74

καὶ ἐκ τούτου λήθη καὶ πλάνη περὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ ἄτακτοι φοραὶ ἁμαρτημάτων καὶ πολυμιξία κακίας ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ γεγένηται. καὶ οὕτως ὁ κόσμος εἰς τὸ ἀρχαῖον τῆς ἀταξίας αὖθις ἀνέκαμψεν καὶ ἐνεπλήσθη κακῶν ὡς ἐξ ἀρχῆς πρὸ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ.

kai ek toutou lēthē kai planē peri tous anthrōpous kai ataktoi phorai hamartēmatōn kai polymixia kakias en tǭ kosmǭ gegenētai. kai houtōs ho kosmos eis to archaion tēs ataxias authis anekampsen kai eneplēsthē kakōn hōs ex archēs pro tou kataklysmou.

And from this came forgetfulness and error among human beings, disorderly rushes of sins, and a promiscuous mixture of wickedness in the world. And so the world turned back again to its old disorder and was filled with evils as in the beginning before the flood.

Notes and citation

Summary: Evil returned to the world through Ham.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:74

ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Σὴθ κατὰ σπέρμα καὶ κατὰ διαδοχὴν γένους ὁ Χριστὸς ἦλθεν αὐτὸς Ἰησοῦς, οὐχὶ κατὰ γέννησιν ἀλλὰ θαυμαστῶς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ πεφηνώς, ὅς ἐστιν αὐτὸς ὁ Σὴθ ὁ τότε καὶ <Χριστὸς> νῦν τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀπὸ τῆς Μητρὸς ἄνωθεν ἀπεσταλμένος.

apo de tou Sēth kata sperma kai kata diadochēn genous ho Christos ēlthen autos Iēsous, ouchi kata gennēsin alla thaumastōs en tǭ kosmǭ pephēnōs, hos estin autos ho Sēth ho tote kai <Christos> nyn tǭ genei tōn anthrōpōn, apo tēs Mētros anōthen apestalmenos.

And from Seth, by seed and succession of the race, Christ came, Jesus himself, not by birth but appearing wonderfully in the world; he is Seth himself, who was then, and is now Christ to the human race, sent from the Mother above.

Notes and citation

Summary: They make Christ a reappearance of Seth.

Topics: Heresy, Christology

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 39, chapter 4

39.4.1Holl GCS 25/31:74

4. Ταῦτα πάντα οὕτω γεγενῆσθαί φασιν ἐκεῖνοι. μωρὰ δὲ καὶ ἀδρανῆ καὶ κενοφωνίας ἔμπλεα τὰ τοιαῦτα κηρύγματα, ὡς παντί τῳ δῆλόν ἐστιν.

4. Tauta panta houtō gegenēsthai phasin ekeinoi. mōra de kai adranē kai kenophōnias emplea ta toiauta kērygmata, hōs panti tǭ dēlon estin.

They say that all these things happened thus. But such preachings are foolish, feeble, and full of empty babble, as is plain to everyone.

Notes and citation

Summary: Epiphanius dismisses their account.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.4.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.4.2Holl GCS 25/31:74–75

οὐ γὰρ δύο ἄνθρωποι ἐπλάσθησαν, ἀλλὰ εἷς ὁ Ἀδὰμ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ὅ τε Κάϊν καὶ Ἄβελ καὶ Σήθ· καὶ οὐκέτι ἐκ δύο ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἑνὸς * ἕως τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ, τῶν γενῶν ὅλων > τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ἐχόντων τὰς ἑαυτῶν συστάσεις ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ.

ou gar dyo anthrōpoi eplasthēsan, alla heis ho Adam kai ek tou Adam ho te Kaïn kai Abel kai Sēth; kai ouketi ek dyo anthrōpōn, allʼ ex henos * heōs tou kataklysmou, tōn genōn holōn > tou Adam echontōn tas heautōn systaseis en tǭ kosmǭ.

For not two human beings were formed, but one, Adam; and from Adam came Cain, Abel, and Seth; and so not from two human beings but from one … until the flood, all the races of Adam having their establishment in the world.

Gen 4:1 (allusion, medium confidence) · Acts 17:26 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: All humanity comes from one man, Adam.

A word is missing in the digital text.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.4.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:74–75; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.4.3Holl GCS 25/31:75

ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ ἐκ τοῦ Νῶε πάλιν, τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου, καὶ οὐκ ἐκ διαφόρων ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ ἑνὸς τοῦ Νῶε τοῦ κατὰ διαδοχὴν ἐκ σπέρματος τοῦ Σὴθ πᾶν γένος τῶν ἀνθρώπων, οὐκ εἰς δύο διαιρούμενον, ἀλλὰ εἰς ἓν γένος.

apo de tou kataklysmou ek tou Nōe palin, tou henos anthrōpou, kai ouk ek diaphorōn anthrōpōn, alla apo henos tou Nōe tou kata diadochēn ek spermatos tou Sēth pan genos tōn anthrōpōn, ouk eis dyo diairoumenon, alla eis hen genos.

And after the flood, again from Noah, one man, and not from different men, but from the one Noah, descended by succession from the seed of Seth, the whole race of human beings came, not divided into two but into one race.

Gen 9:19 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: After the flood all descend from Noah, Seth's descendant.

Gen 5; 9:19.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): ἐκ τοῦ Νῶς → ἐκ τοῦ Νῶε.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.4.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:75; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.4.4Holl GCS 25/31:75

ἀφʼ οὑπερ καὶ Νῶε καὶ ἡ αὐτοῦ γυνὴ καὶ Σήμ, Χὰμ καὶ Ἰάφεθ, οἱ τούτου παῖδες, καὶ τρεῖς γυναῖκες τῶν αὐτοῦ παίδων ἀπὸ τοῦ Σὴθ τὸ γένος κατάγουσι πάντες καὶ οὐχὶ ἀπὸ δύο ἀνθρώπων τῶν μὴ γενομένων κατὰ τὴν τούτων μυθοποιίαν.

aphʼ houper kai Nōe kai hē autou gynē kai Sēm, Cham kai Iapheth, hoi toutou paides, kai treis gynaikes tōn autou paidōn apo tou Sēth to genos katagousi pantes kai ouchi apo dyo anthrōpōn tōn mē genomenōn kata tēn toutōn mythopoiian.

From him Noah and his wife, and Shem, Ham, and Japheth, his sons, and the three wives of his sons all trace their race from Seth, and not from two human beings who never existed, as in their myth-making.

Gen 7:13 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Noah's family descends from Seth, including Ham.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.4.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:75; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 39, chapter 5

39.5.1Holl GCS 25/31:75

5. Βίβλους δὲ τινας συγγράφοντες ἐξ ὀνόματος μεγάλων ἀνδρῶν, ἐξ ὀνόματος μὲν Σὴθ ἑπτὰ λέγουσιν εἶναι βίβλους, ἄλλας δὲ βίβλους ἑτέρας Ἀλλογενεῖς οὕτω καλοῦσιν, ἄλλην δὲ ἐξ ὀνόματος Ἀβραάμ, ἣν καὶ ἀποκάλυψιν φάσκουσιν εἶναι, πάσης κακίας ἔμπλεον, ἑτέρας δὲ ἐξ ὀνόματος τοῦ Μωυσέως καὶ ἄλλας ἄλλων.

5. Biblous de tinas syngraphontes ex onomatos megalōn andrōn, ex onomatos men Sēth hepta legousin einai biblous, allas de biblous heteras Allogeneis houtō kalousin, allēn de ex onomatos Abraam, hēn kai apokalypsin phaskousin einai, pasēs kakias empleon, heteras de ex onomatos tou Mōyseōs kai allas allōn.

They write certain books in the names of great men: they say there are seven books in the name of Seth; other books they call 'Allogenes' (Strangers); another in the name of Abraham, which they say is an apocalypse, full of every wickedness; others in the name of Moses; and others in the names of others.

Notes and citation

Summary: The Sethians use books ascribed to Seth, Abraham, Moses, and others.

Some Sethian writings survive in Coptic (e.g. Allogenes, the Three Steles of Seth); the 'Apocalypse of Abraham' named here is not the Jewish work of that name. None has an entry in the site's list of extrabiblical texts.

Topics: Heresy, Scripture and canon

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.5.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:75; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.5.2Holl GCS 25/31:75

εἰς μωρίαν δὲ πολλὴν τὸν νοῦν ἑαυτῶν κατάγοντες γυναῖκά τινα Ὡραίαν λέγουσιν εἶναι τοῦ Σήθ. ὅρα δέ μοι, ἀγαπητέ. τὴν τούτων ἄνοιαν, ἵνα κατὰ πάντα τρόπον καταγνῷς τῆς αὐτῶν δραματουργίας καὶ μυθώδους ματαιοφροσύνης καὶ ἐπιπλάστου ληρολογίας.

eis mōrian de pollēn ton noun heautōn katagontes gynaika tina Hōraian legousin einai tou Sēth. hora de moi, agapēte. tēn toutōn anoian, hina kata panta tropon katagnǭs tēs autōn dramatourgias kai mythōdous mataiophrosynēs kai epiplastou lērologias.

Leading their minds into great folly, they say that a certain Horaia was Seth's wife. See, beloved, their folly, so that you may condemn in every way their stagecraft, their mythical vanity, and their fabricated nonsense.

Notes and citation

Summary: They give Seth a wife named Horaia.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.5.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:75; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.5.3Holl GCS 25/31:75

εἰσὶ μὲν γὰρ ἄλλαι τινὲς αἱρέσεις, αἵτινες δύναμίν τινα εἶναι λέγουσιν, ἣν καλοῦσιν τικῶς Ὡραίαν· τὴν παρʼ ἄλλοις τοίνυν νομιζομένην δύναμιν Ὡραίαν τε καλουμένην οὗτοι γυναῖκα τοῦ Σὴθ λέγουσιν.

eisi men gar allai tines haireseis, haitines dynamin tina einai legousin, hēn kalousin tikōs Hōraian; tēn parʼ allois toinyn nomizomenēn dynamin Hōraian te kaloumenēn houtoi gynaika tou Sēth legousin.

For there are some other heresies which say there is a certain power, which they call Horaia; so what others consider a power, called Horaia, these say was Seth's wife.

Notes and citation

Summary: Others make Horaia a heavenly power.

The adverb τικῶς in the digital text is garbled; left untranslated.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): εἰσὲ μὲν → εἰσὶ μὲν.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.5.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:75; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.5.4Holl GCS 25/31:75–76

ὅθεν δυνάμεθά τε ἀποδεῖξαι, ὡς ἴστε, ἀγαπητοί, καὶ φύσει ἄνθρωπον τὸν Σὴθ καὶ οὐχὶ ἄνωθέν τι παρηλλαγμένον λαβόντα, ἀδελφόν τε ὄντα φύσει τοῦ Κάϊν καὶ Ἄβελ ἐξ ἑνὸς πατρὸς καὶ μιᾶς μητρός.

hothen dynametha te apodeixai, hōs iste, agapētoi, kai physei anthrōpon ton Sēth kai ouchi anōthen ti parēllagmenon labonta, adelphon te onta physei tou Kaïn kai Abel ex henos patros kai mias mētros.

From this we can show, as you know, beloved, both that Seth was by nature a human being and did not receive anything different from above, and that he was by nature brother of Cain and Abel, from one father and one mother.

Notes and citation

Summary: Seth was an ordinary human brother of Cain and Abel.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (Word split by a line-end hyphen.): δυνά- μεθά → δυνάμεθά.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.5.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:75–76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-5-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.5.5Holl GCS 25/31:76

»ἔγνω γάρ« φησίν »Ἀδὰμ Εὔαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοὺ καὶ συλλαβοῦσα ἔτεκε τὸν Κάϊν«, καὶ ἐπέθετο αὐτῷ ὄνομα Κάϊν, ὅπερ ἑρμηνεύεται κτῆσις, λέγων »ἐκτησάμην υἱὸν διὰ κυρίου θεοῦ«.

»egnō gar« phēsin »Adam Euan tēn gynaika autou kai syllabousa eteke ton Kaïn«, kai epetheto autǭ onoma Kaïn, hoper hermēneuetai ktēsis, legōn »ektēsamēn huion dia kyriou theou«.

For it says, 'Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore Cain'; and she gave him the name Cain, which means 'acquisition', saying, 'I have acquired a son through the Lord God.'

Gen 4:1 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Genesis records Cain's birth.

Gen 4:1 LXX.

Topics: Scripture and canon

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.5.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.5.6Holl GCS 25/31:76

καὶ πάλιν <κατὰ> τὸν Ἄβελ »ἔγνω Ἀδὰμ Εὔαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καὶ συλλαβοῦσα ἔτεκεν υἱὸν καὶ ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἄβελ«.

kai palin <kata> ton Abel »egnō Adam Euan tēn gynaika autou kai syllabousa eteken huion kai ekalese to onoma autou Abel«.

And again concerning Abel: 'Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore a son and called his name Abel.'

Gen 4:2 (quotation, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Genesis records Abel's birth.

A free form of Gen 4:2.

Topics: Scripture and canon

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.5.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-5-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.5.7Holl GCS 25/31:76

καὶ μετὰ πολλὰ μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν τὸν Ἄβελ »καὶ ἔγνω Ἀδὰμ Εὔαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, καὶ συλλαβοῦσα ἔτεκεν υἱόν, καὶ ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Σήθ«, ὅπερ ἑρμηνεύεται ἀνταλλαγή· »ἀνέστησεν γάρ μοι ὁ θεὸς σπέρμα ἀντὶ Ἄβελ, ὃν ἀπέκτεινε Κάϊν«.

kai meta polla meta to apothanein ton Abel »kai egnō Adam Euan tēn gynaika autou, kai syllabousa eteken huion, kai ekalese to onoma autou Sēth«, hoper hermēneuetai antallagē; »anestēsen gar moi ho theos sperma anti Abel, hon apekteine Kaïn«.

And much later, after Abel's death, 'Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore a son and called his name Seth,' which means 'replacement'; 'for God has raised up for me a seed in place of Abel, whom Cain killed.'

Gen 4:25 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Genesis records Seth's birth to the same parents.

Gen 4:25.

Topics: Scripture and canon

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.5.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-5-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.5.8Holl GCS 25/31:76

τὸ δέ »ἐκτησάμην διὰ θεοῦ« καί »ἀνέστησέν μοι ὁ θεός‘ ἴνα θεὸν δείκνυσι τὸν πάντων ποιητὴν καὶ δότην τῶν γεγεννημένων.

to de »ektēsamēn dia theou« kai »anestēsen moi ho theos‘ ina theon deiknysi ton pantōn poiētēn kai dotēn tōn gegennēmenōn.

And 'I have acquired through God' and 'God has raised up for me' show God as the maker of all and the giver of those born.

Gen 4:1 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 4:25 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: God is the giver of Adam's children.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.5.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-5-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.5.9Holl GCS 25/31:76

ὅτι δὲ οὗτοι ἴσχον γυναῖκας, ὅ τε Κάϊν καὶ ὁ Σήθ, δῆλον· ὁ γὰρ Ἄβελ νεώτερος ἀπεκτάνθη, μηδέπω γήμας.

hoti de houtoi ischon gynaikas, ho te Kaïn kai ho Sēth, dēlon; ho gar Abel neōteros apektanthē, mēdepō gēmas.

And it is plain that these, Cain and Seth, had wives; for Abel was killed while younger, not yet married.

Gen 4:17 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Cain and Seth married; Abel did not.

Topics: Marriage

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.5.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-5-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 39, chapter 6

39.6.1Holl GCS 25/31:76

6. Ὡς δὲ ἐν τοῖς Ἰωβηλαίοις εὑρίσκεται, τῇ καὶ λεπτῇ Γενέσει καλουμένῃ, καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν γυναικῶν τοῦ τε Κάϊν καὶ τοῦ Σὴθ ἡ βίβλος περιέχει, ἵνα κατὰ πάντα τρόπον οὗτοι καταισχυνθῶσιν οἱ τοὺς μύθους τῷ βίῳ ῥαψῳδήσαντες.

6. Hōs de en tois Iōbēlaiois heurisketai, tę̄ kai leptę̄ Genesei kaloumenę̄, kai ta onomata tōn gynaikōn tou te Kaïn kai tou Sēth hē biblos periechei, hina kata panta tropon houtoi kataischynthōsin hoi tous mythous tǭ biǭ rhapsǭdēsantes.

As is found in Jubilees, which is also called the Little Genesis, the book contains even the names of the wives of Cain and Seth, so that those who have stitched myths into life may be shamed in every way.

Notes and citation

Summary: Jubilees names the wives of Cain and Seth.

Jubilees 4.9, 11.

Extrabiblical texts: Jub. 4.9 (Jubilees [in the ETH canon]; allusion)

Topics: Scripture and canon

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.6.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.6.2Holl GCS 25/31:76

τοῦ γὰρ Ἀδὰμ γεννήσαντος υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας ἀνάγκη γέγονε κατʼ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ ἀδελφαῖς ταῖς ἰδίαις συναφθῆναι τοὺς παῖδας· οὐ γὰρ ἦν παράνομον τὸ τοιοῦτον.

tou gar Adam gennēsantos huious kai thygateras anankē gegone katʼ ekeino kairou adelphais tais idiais synaphthēnai tous paidas; ou gar ēn paranomon to toiouton.

For since Adam begot sons and daughters, it was necessary at that time for the children to be joined to their own sisters; for such a thing was not unlawful.

Gen 5:4 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Adam's children necessarily married their sisters.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): κοὶ θυγατέρας → καὶ θυγατέρας.

Topics: Marriage

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.6.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.6.3Holl GCS 25/31:76

ἐπεὶ μηδὲν ἕτερον γένος ἦν. καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν ὁ Αδὰμ τῇ ἰδίᾳ θυγατρὶ σχεδὸν τῇ ἐκ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ καὶ ὀστέων πλασθείσῃ συνήφθη, κατὰ συζυγίαν αὐτῷ ἐκ θεοῦ πεπλασμένῃ, καὶ οὐκ ἦν παράνομον.

epei mēden heteron genos ēn. kai gar kai autos hōs epos eipein ho Adam tę̄ idią thygatri schedon tę̄ ek tou sōmatos autou kai osteōn plastheisę̄ synēphthē, kata syzygian autǭ ek theou peplasmenę̄, kai ouk ēn paranomon.

since there was no other race. Indeed Adam himself, so to speak, was joined almost to his own daughter, formed from his body and bones, fashioned by God as his partner; and it was not unlawful.

Gen 2:22 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Even Adam's union with Eve was of one flesh.

Gen 2:21–23.

Topics: Marriage

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.6.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.6.4Holl GCS 25/31:76

οἴ τε τούτου υἱοὶ συνήφθησαν, ὁ μὲν Κάϊν τῇ ἀδελφῇ τῇ μείζονι Σαυὴ οὕτω καλουμένῃ, ὁ δὲ Σὴθ τρίτος υἱὸς μετὰ τὸν Ἄβελ γεννηθεὶς τῇ λεγομένῃ αὐτοῦ ἀδελφῇ Ἀζουρᾷ.

oi te toutou huioi synēphthēsan, ho men Kaïn tę̄ adelphę̄ tę̄ meizoni Sauē houtō kaloumenę̄, ho de Sēth tritos huios meta ton Abel gennētheis tę̄ legomenę̄ autou adelphę̄ Azourą.

And his sons were married: Cain to his elder sister, called Saue, and Seth, the third son, born after Abel, to his sister called Azura.

Notes and citation

Summary: Cain married Saue and Seth married Azura.

Jubilees 4.9, 11 (Awan and Azura).

Extrabiblical texts: Jub. 4.9 (Jubilees [in the ETH canon]; allusion); Jub. 4.11 (Jubilees [in the ETH canon]; allusion)

Topics: Marriage

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.6.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.6.5Holl GCS 25/31:76–77

γεγόνασι δὲ τῷ Ἀδὰμ καὶ ἄλλοι υἱοί, ὡς ἡ λεπτὴ Γένεσις περιέχει, ἐννέα μετὰ τοὺς τρεῖς τούτους, ὡς εἶναι αὐτῷ δύο μὲν θυγατέρας, ἄρρενας δὲ δώδεκα, ἕνα μὲν ἀποκτανθέντα, ἕνδεκα δὲ περιλειφθέντας τῷ βίῳ.

gegonasi de tǭ Adam kai alloi huioi, hōs hē leptē Genesis periechei, ennea meta tous treis toutous, hōs einai autǭ dyo men thygateras, arrenas de dōdeka, hena men apoktanthenta, hendeka de perileiphthentas tǭ biǭ.

Adam also had other sons, as the Little Genesis contains, nine after these three, so that he had two daughters and twelve sons, one killed and eleven left alive.

Notes and citation

Summary: Jubilees gives Adam twelve sons and two daughters.

Jubilees 4.10 speaks of nine sons after Seth.

Extrabiblical texts: Jub. 4.10 (Jubilees [in the ETH canon]; allusion)

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.6.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:76–77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.6.6Holl GCS 25/31:77

ἔχεις δὲ καὶ τούτων τὴν ἔμφασιν ἐν τῇ Γενέσει τοῦ κόσμου καὶ πρώτῃ βίβλῳ παρὰ Μωυσῇ, οὕτω φασκούσῃ »καὶ ἔζησενʼ Ἀδὰμ ἔτη ἐννακόσια τριάκοντα, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανεν«.

echeis de kai toutōn tēn emphasin en tę̄ Genesei tou kosmou kai prōtę̄ biblǭ para Mōysę̄, houtō phaskousę̄ »kai ezēsenʼ Adam etē ennakosia triakonta, kai egennēsen huious kai thygateras, kai apethanen«.

You have an indication of these too in the Genesis of the world, the first book of Moses, which says, 'And Adam lived nine hundred and thirty years, and begot sons and daughters, and died.'

Gen 5:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 5:5 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Genesis mentions Adam's other children.

A free combination of Gen 5:4–5.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.6.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 39, chapter 7

39.7.1Holl GCS 25/31:77

7. Πλατυνθέντων δὲ τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῆς γενεᾶς τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ἐπεκτεινομένης ἡ ἀκρίβεια ἡ κατὰ τὸν γάμον τὸν σεμνὸν ἐπλατύνετο καθεξῆς προβαίνουσα.

7. Platynthentōn de tōn anthrōpōn kai tēs geneas tou Adam epekteinomenēs hē akribeia hē kata ton gamon ton semnon eplatyneto kathexēs probainousa.

As human beings spread out and Adam's generation extended, the strictness of honorable marriage extended too, advancing step by step.

Notes and citation

Summary: Marriage rules grew stricter as humanity grew.

Topics: Marriage

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.7.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.7.2Holl GCS 25/31:77

καὶ ἐπείπερ γεγόνασι παῖδες τῷ Ἀδὰμ καὶ παῖδες παίδων, θυγατέρες δὲ ἐκ τούτων κατὰ διαδοχὴν γένους ἐγεννήθησαν, λοιπὸν οὐκέτι τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἀδελφὰς πρὸς γάμον ἤγοντο, ἀλλὰ εἰς εὐνομίαν κατέστη καὶ πρὸ τοῦ διὰ Μωυσέως ἐγγράφου νόμου ὁ κατὰ τὸν σεμνὸν γάμον θεσμὸς καὶ ἐκ τῶν πατραδέλφων αὐτῶν τὰς γαμετὰς ἑαυτῶν ἤγοντο.

kai epeiper gegonasi paides tǭ Adam kai paides paidōn, thygateres de ek toutōn kata diadochēn genous egennēthēsan, loipon ouketi tas heautōn adelphas pros gamon ēgonto, alla eis eunomian katestē kai pro tou dia Mōyseōs engraphou nomou ho kata ton semnon gamon thesmos kai ek tōn patradelphōn autōn tas gametas heautōn ēgonto.

And since Adam had children and grandchildren, and daughters were born from them in succession, they no longer took their own sisters in marriage; but even before the written law through Moses the rule of honorable marriage was established in good order, and they took their wives from their fathers' brothers' daughters.

Notes and citation

Summary: Later they married cousins, not sisters.

The Greek πατραδέλφων could mean 'fathers' brothers' or 'fathers' sisters'; 'fathers' brothers' daughters' (cousins) fits the argument.

Extrabiblical texts: Jub. 4.15 (Jubilees [in the ETH canon]; echo)

Topics: Marriage

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.7.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.7.3Holl GCS 25/31:77

καὶ οὕτως πλατυνομένων ἄρτι τῶν ἀνθρώπων συνεμίγη τὰ δύο γένη, τοῦ τε Κάϊν πρὸς τὸ γένος τοῦ Σὴθ καὶ τοῦ Σὴθ πρὸς θάτερον, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ Ἀδὰμ γένη.

kai houtōs platynomenōn arti tōn anthrōpōn synemigē ta dyo genē, tou te Kaïn pros to genos tou Sēth kai tou Sēth pros thateron, kai ta alla tōn huiōn tou Adam genē.

And so, as human beings were just spreading out, the two races were mixed, Cain's with the race of Seth and Seth's with the other, and the races of the other sons of Adam.

Notes and citation

Summary: The lines of Cain and Seth intermarried.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): τὸ γένος τοῦ Σὴρ → τὸ γένος τοῦ Σὴθ.

Topics: Marriage

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.7.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.7.4Holl GCS 25/31:77

ἐντεῦθεν λοιπὸν τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ ἄρδην τὸ πᾶν τῆς στάσεως τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀπολέσαντος διαπεφύλακται μόνος Νῶε εὑρὼν χάριν παρὰ τῷ θεῷ, δίκαιος εὑρεθεὶς ἐν τῇ κατʼ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ γενεᾷ.

enteuthen loipon tou kataklysmou ardēn to pan tēs staseōs tōn anthrōpōn apolesantos diapephylaktai monos Nōe heurōn charin para tǭ theǭ, dikaios heuretheis en tę̄ katʼ ekeino kairou geneą.

After this, when the flood had utterly destroyed the whole of the human population, Noah alone was preserved, having found favor with God, being found righteous in his generation at that time.

Gen 6:8 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 6:9 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Noah alone was saved as righteous.

Gen 6:8–9.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.7.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.7.5Holl GCS 25/31:77

λάρνακα δὲ κατὰ τὰ ἤδη πρότερον ἡμῖν εἰρημένα κατεσκεύασεν ἑαυτῷ ἐκ προστάγματος θεοῦ, ὡς ἔχουσιν αἱ ἀληθιναὶ γραφαί, ἐν ᾑ διασεσῶσθαι ἡ αὐτὴ φάσκει τῆς ἀληθείας βίβλος αὐτόν τε καὶ τὰς προειρημένας ἅμα αὐτῷ ἑπτὰ ψυχάς, φημὶ δὲ τήν τε ἰδίαν σύζυγον καὶ τοὺς τρεῖς υἱοὺς γυναῖκάς τε τούτων ὁμοίως τρεῖς.

larnaka de kata ta ēdē proteron hēmin eirēmena kateskeuasen heautǭ ek prostagmatos theou, hōs echousin hai alēthinai graphai, en hę̄ diasesōsthai hē autē phaskei tēs alētheias biblos auton te kai tas proeirēmenas hama autǭ hepta psychas, phēmi de tēn te idian syzygon kai tous treis huious gynaikas te toutōn homoiōs treis.

He built himself an ark, as we have already said before, by God's command, as the true Scriptures have it; in it, the same book of the truth says, he was saved, together with the seven souls with him mentioned before, I mean his own wife, his three sons, and likewise their three wives.

Gen 6:14 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 7:13 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Noah's family of eight was saved in the ark.

Gen 6:14; 7:13.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip.; Repeated word.): ἔΛη → ἤδη; ἅμα ἅμα → ἅμα.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.7.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.7.6Holl GCS 25/31:77

ἐκ τούτου δὲ λείψανα γεγενῆσθαι τῆς κατὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον συστάσεως ἐν κόσμῳ πάλιν ἡ ἀλήθεια συνίστησιν. ὅθεν κατὰ γενεὰν προβαινόντων * καὶ κατὰ διαδοχὴν υἱοῦ πατέρα διαδεχομένου εἰς γενεὰς πέντε ὁ αἰὼν ἐλήλακεν.

ek toutou de leipsana gegenēsthai tēs kata ton anthrōpon systaseōs en kosmǭ palin hē alētheia synistēsin. hothen kata genean probainontōn * kai kata diadochēn huiou patera diadechomenou eis geneas pente ho aiōn elēlaken.

And the truth establishes that from him came the remnant of humanity in the world again. Hence, as they advanced … by generation, and son succeeded father, the age went on for five generations.

Gen 10:1 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Humanity continued from Noah.

A word is missing in the digital text.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.7.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 39, chapter 8

39.8.1Holl GCS 25/31:77

8. Καὶ γέγονεν κατʼ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ ἡ τῆς Βαβυλῶνος κτίσις ἐν τῇ τῶν Ἀσσυρίων γῇ καὶ ὁ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν οἰκοδομηθεὶς τότε πύργος.

8. Kai gegonen katʼ ekeino kairou hē tēs Babylōnos ktisis en tę̄ tōn Assyriōn gę̄ kai ho hypʼ autōn oikodomētheis tote pyrgos.

At that time the building of Babylon took place in the land of the Assyrians, and the tower that they built then.

Gen 11:4 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Babylon and its tower were built.

Gen 11:1–9.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.8.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.8.2Holl GCS 25/31:77–78

ἠσαν δὲ κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν καιρόν ὡς ἤδη έν ταῖς πρότερον αἱρέσεσι διηγησάμην κατὰ τὸν εἱρμὸν τῶν ἄνω μοι γενεῶν πραγματευθεισῶν, οἱ πάντες ἑβδομήκοντα δύο ἄνδρες τὸν ἀριθμόν, ἀρχηγοί τε καὶ κεφαλαιωταί, τοῦ μὲν Χὰμ γένους τριάκοντα δύο καὶ τοῦ Ἰάφεθ δεκαπέντε, τοῦ δὲ Σὴμ εἰκοσιπέντε. καὶ οὕτως ὁ πύργος καὶ ἡ Βαβυλὼν ἐγένετο.

ēsan de kata touton ton kairon hōs ēdē en tais proteron hairesesi diēgēsamēn kata ton heirmon tōn anō moi geneōn pragmateutheisōn, hoi pantes hebdomēkonta dyo andres ton arithmon, archēgoi te kai kephalaiōtai, tou men Cham genous triakonta dyo kai tou Iapheth dekapente, tou de Sēm eikosipente. kai houtōs ho pyrgos kai hē Babylōn egeneto.

At this time there were, as I have already related in the earlier heresies following the sequence of the generations treated above, seventy-two men in all, leaders and chiefs: thirty-two of the race of Ham, fifteen of Japheth, and twenty-five of Shem. And so the tower and Babylon came into being.

Gen 10:1 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Seventy-two leaders of the nations built Babel.

Epiphanius's count of the nations of Gen 10.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (Word split by a line-end hyphen.): κεφα- λαιωταί → κεφαλαιωταί.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.8.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:77–78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.8.3Holl GCS 25/31:78

ἐκ τούτου διεσπάρησαν ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν φυλαί τε καὶ γλῶσσαι. καὶ ἐπείπερ οἱ ἑβδομήκοντα δύο <οἰ> τότε τὸν οἰκοδομοῦντες ταῖς γλώσσαις διεσκεδάσθησαν, συγχυθέντες καὶ ἀπὸ μιᾶς ἡς ᾔδεισαν *, ἐμπνευσθέντες ἐκ θεοῦ βουλήσεως ἄλλος ἄλλην ἐσχήκασιν.

ek toutou diesparēsan epi pasan tēn gēn phylai te kai glōssai. kai epeiper hoi hebdomēkonta dyo <oi> tote ton oikodomountes tais glōssais dieskedasthēsan, synchythentes kai apo mias hēs ę̄deisan *, empneusthentes ek theou boulēseōs allos allēn eschēkasin.

From this the tribes and languages were scattered over all the earth. And since the seventy-two who were then building were scattered by their languages, confused and … from the one they knew, inspired by God's will each had a different one.

Gen 11:9 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: At Babel the builders received different languages.

Gen 11:7–9. The text is incomplete: 'tower' seems to be missing after 'the', and a word is missing later.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.8.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.8.4Holl GCS 25/31:78

ἐξ ὧνπερ καὶ μέχρι δεῦρο ἡ σύστασις τῶν λαλιῶν ἐνέστηκεν, ὥστε <τῷ> βουλομένῳ ἔνεστιν εὑρεῖν ἕκαστον ἀρχηγὸν ἑκάστης γλώσσης, ὡς Ἰωυ[ν]ὰν μὲν τὴν Ἑλληνίδα ἴσχεν,

ex hōnper kai mechri deuro hē systasis tōn laliōn enestēken, hōste <tǭ> boulomenǭ enestin heurein hekaston archēgon hekastēs glōssēs, hōs Iōy[n]an men tēn Hellēnida ischen,

From these the constitution of the languages has remained until now, so that whoever wishes can find the founder of each language: Javan had Greek,

Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.

Gen 10:2 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Each language has a founder from Genesis 10.

Gen 10:2. The editor deletes a letter in the name Javan.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.8.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.8.5Holl GCS 25/31:78

ἐξ οὗπερ καὶ Ἴωνες κέκληνται, οἱ τὴν παλαιὰν γλῶσσαν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔχοντες, Θήρας δὲ <τῶν> τῶν Θρᾳκῶν, Μοσὸχ τὴν Μοσσυνοίκων Θοβὲλ τὴν τῶν Θετταλῶν, Λοὺδ τὴν Λυδῶν, Γεφὰρ τὴν Γασφηνῶν, Μιστρὲμ τὴν τῶν Αἰγυπτίων, Ψοὺς τὴν τῶν Ἀξωμιτῶν, Ἀρμὼτ τὴν τῶν Ἀράβων, καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἕκαστος, ἵνα μὴ καθʼ ἕνα λέγω, ἰδίαν ἐνεπνεύσθη γλῶσσαν. καὶ οὕτως ἑκάστης γλώσσης ἡ διαδοχὴ ἐν τῶ κόσμω πεπλάτυνται.

ex houper kai Iōnes keklēntai, hoi tēn palaian glōssan tōn Hellēnōn echontes, Thēras de <tōn> tōn Thrąkōn, Mosoch tēn Mossynoikōn Thobel tēn tōn Thettalōn, Loud tēn Lydōn, Gephar tēn Gasphēnōn, Mistrem tēn tōn Aigyptiōn, Psous tēn tōn Axōmitōn, Armōt tēn tōn Arabōn, kai tōn loipōn hekastos, hina mē kathʼ hena legō, idian enepneusthē glōssan. kai houtōs hekastēs glōssēs hē diadochē en tō kosmō peplatyntai.

from whom the Ionians are named, who have the ancient language of the Greeks; Tiras the language of the Thracians; Meshech that of the Mossynoeci; Tubal that of the Thessalians; Lud that of the Lydians; Gephar that of the Gasphenians; Mizraim that of the Egyptians; Put that of the Axumites; Armot that of the Arabs; and each of the rest, not to name them one by one, was inspired with his own language. And so the succession of each language has spread through the world.

Gen 10:2 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 10:6 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 10:22 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Epiphanius lists founders of languages.

From Gen 10:2, 6, 22, with traditional identifications. 'Gephar', 'Psous' (Put?) and 'Armot' are uncertain names as printed.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.8.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-8-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 39, chapter 9

39.9.1Holl GCS 25/31:78

9. Πόθεν τοίνυν οὗτοι ἐψευδηγόρησαν αὐτῶν τὰ ῥήματα, παρενθέντες τὴν ἑαυτῶν μυθοποιίαν, φανταζόμενοι καὶ ὀνειροπολοῦντες τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα καὶ τὰ ὄντα τῆς ἑαυτῶν διανοίας διασκεδαννύντες; ἀλλὰ τὸ πᾶν τοῦ διαβόλου βούλημα ὃ ἐνεκίσσησε ταῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ψυχαῖς.

9. Pothen toinyn houtoi epseudēgorēsan autōn ta rhēmata, parenthentes tēn heautōn mythopoiian, phantazomenoi kai oneiropolountes ta mē onta hōs onta kai ta onta tēs heautōn dianoias diaskedannyntes? alla to pan tou diabolou boulēma ho enekissēse tais tōn anthrōpōn psychais.

From what source, then, did these people tell their lies, inserting their own myth-making, imagining and dreaming of what does not exist as existing and scattering what exists from their minds? It is all the will of the devil, who implanted the craving in human souls.

Notes and citation

Summary: Their myths are the devil's doing.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.9.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-9-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.9.2Holl GCS 25/31:78–79

ἔστιν δὲ ἰδεῖν καὶ θαυμάσαι ὡς ἐν πολλοῖς μὲν ἀτοπήμασι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἠπάτησε καὶ εἰς παρανομίαν κατέσπασεν, εἴς τε πορνείας καὶ μοιχείας καὶ ἀσελγείας, εἰδωλομανίας τε καὶ γοητείας καὶ αἱματεκχυσίας ἁρπαγάς τε καὶ ἀπληστίας, κυβείας τε καὶ ἀδηφαγίας καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦται οὐδαμοῦ δὲ πρὸ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίας ετόλμησεν εἰς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ δεσπότην φθέγξασθαι βλάσφημόν τινα λόγον ἢ ἄνταρσιν ἐννοῆσαι.

estin de idein kai thaumasai hōs en pollois men atopēmasi ton anthrōpon ēpatēse kai eis paranomian katespasen, eis te porneias kai moicheias kai aselgeias, eidōlomanias te kai goēteias kai haimatekchysias harpagas te kai aplēstias, kybeias te kai adēphagias kai hosa toiautai oudamou de pro tēs tou Christou parousias etolmēsen eis ton heautou despotēn phthenxasthai blasphēmon tina logon ē antarsin ennoēsai.

One can see and marvel how the devil deceived man in many outrages and dragged him into lawlessness, into sexual immorality and adultery and licentiousness, idol-madness and sorcery and bloodshed, robberies and greed, gambling and gluttony and all such things; but nowhere before the coming of Christ did he dare to utter a word of blasphemy against his own Master or think of rebellion.

Notes and citation

Summary: Before Christ the devil never openly blasphemed God.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (Word split by a line-end hyphen.): πορ- νείας → πορνείας.

Topics: Ethics

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.9.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:78–79; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-9-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.9.3Holl GCS 25/31:79

ἀνέμενεν γὰρ τὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίαν, ὡς λέγει »περὶ σοῦ γέγραπται ὅτι τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ ἐντελεῖται περὶ σοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ χειρῶν ἀροῦσί σε«.

anemenen gar tēn tou Christou parousian, hōs legei »peri sou gegraptai hoti tois angelois autou enteleitai peri sou kai epi cheirōn arousi se«.

For he was waiting for the coming of Christ, as he says, 'It is written of you that he will command his angels concerning you, and on their hands they will bear you up.'

Matt 4:6 (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 91:11 (90:11 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The devil quoted Psalm 91 at Christ's temptation.

Ps 91:11–12 (LXX 90:11–12), as quoted by the devil in Matt 4:6 / Luke 4:10–11.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.9.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:79; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-9-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.9.4Holl GCS 25/31:79

ἤκουεν γὰρ ἀεὶ τῶν προφητῶν καταγγελλόντων τὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίαν, λύτρωσιν <τε> ἐσομένην ἁμαρτησάντων καὶ διὰ Χριστοῦ μετανοούντων, ἐνόμιζέν τε τεύξασθαί τινος ἐλέους.

ēkouen gar aei tōn prophētōn katangellontōn tēn tou Christou parousian, lytrōsin <te> esomenēn hamartēsantōn kai dia Christou metanoountōn, enomizen te teuxasthai tinos eleous.

For he always heard the prophets proclaiming the coming of Christ and a future redemption of those who had sinned and repented through Christ, and he thought he would obtain some mercy.

Notes and citation

Summary: The devil hoped for mercy at Christ's coming.

A speculation of Epiphanius's own.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.9.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:79; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-9-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.9.5Holl GCS 25/31:79

ὅτε δὲ εἶδεν ὁ τάλας τὸν Χριστὸν μὴ δεξάμενον αὐτοῦ τὴν περὶ σωτηρίας ἐπιστροφήν, ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα κατὰ τοῦ ἰδίου δεσπότου τὴν βλασφημίαν ἐξήμεσε, τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ὑπόνοιαν ἐμβαλὼν ἀρνεῖσθαι μὲν τὸν ὄντα, τὸν δὲ μὴ ὄντα ζητεῖν.

hote de eiden ho talas ton Christon mē dexamenon autou tēn peri sōtērias epistrophēn, anoixas to stoma kata tou idiou despotou tēn blasphēmian exēmese, tois anthrōpois hyponoian embalōn arneisthai men ton onta, ton de mē onta zētein.

But when the wretch saw that Christ did not accept his turning for salvation, he opened his mouth against his own Master and vomited out blasphemy, putting into human beings the notion of denying the one who is and seeking one who is not.

Notes and citation

Summary: Rejected, the devil turned to blasphemy and heresy.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.9.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:79; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-9-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.9.6Holl GCS 25/31:79

οὕτως τοίνυν καὶ οὑτοι ἐλεγχθήσονται κατὰ πάντα τρόπον ἠπατημένοι. ὁ γὰρ Σὴθ τέθνηκε καὶ τὰ ἔτη αὐτοῦ ἀναγέγραπται. βιώσας γὰρ ἔτη ἐννακόσια δεκαδύο τὸ χρεὼν ἀπέδωκε, γεννήσας υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, ὥς φησιν ἡ θεία γραφή.

houtōs toinyn kai houtoi elenchthēsontai kata panta tropon ēpatēmenoi. ho gar Sēth tethnēke kai ta etē autou anagegraptai. biōsas gar etē ennakosia dekadyo to chreōn apedōke, gennēsas huious kai thygateras, hōs phēsin hē theia graphē.

So these too will be refuted as deceived in every way. For Seth died, and his years are recorded: having lived nine hundred and twelve years, he paid the debt of nature, having begotten sons and daughters, as the divine Scripture says.

Gen 5:8 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 5:7 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Seth died at 912 years; he was not Christ.

Gen 5:7–8.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.9.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:79; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-9-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.9.7Holl GCS 25/31:79

κατὰ διαδοχὴν δὲ τούτου παῖς, Ἐνὼς δὲ ἠν τούτῳ ὄνομα, καὶ αὐτὸς βιώσας ἔτη ἐννακόσια πέντε ὑπήλλαξε τὸν καθʼ ἡμᾶς βίον, γεννήσας υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, ὡς ἔχει ἡ αὐτὴ βίβλος τῆς ἀληθείας.

kata diadochēn de toutou pais, Enōs de ēn toutǭ onoma, kai autos biōsas etē ennakosia pente hypēllaxe ton kathʼ hēmas bion, gennēsas huious kai thygateras, hōs echei hē autē biblos tēs alētheias.

And his son succeeded him, whose name was Enosh; he too, having lived nine hundred and five years, departed this life of ours, having begotten sons and daughters, as the same book of the truth has it.

Gen 5:11 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Seth's son Enosh also died.

Gen 5:10–11.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (Repeated word.): δὲ δὲ τούτου → δὲ τούτου.

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.9.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:79; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-9-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

Haer. 39, chapter 10

39.10.1Holl GCS 25/31:79

10. Πόθεν τοίνυν ὁ Σὴθ ὁ τότε τελευτήσας, οὗ καὶ υἱοὶ κατὰ διαδοχὴν βιώσαντες τοῦ βίου ἐπαύσαντο, εὑρεθήσεται κύριος ὁ ἀπὸ Μαρίας γεννηθεὶς τῆς ἀειπαρθένου εὐδοκήσας ἐπὶ ζωῇ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὁ γεννηθεὶς ἀχρόνως, ὁ ὢν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἀεί, ἐνυπόστατος θεὸς λόγος,

10. Pothen toinyn ho Sēth ho tote teleutēsas, hou kai huioi kata diadochēn biōsantes tou biou epausanto, heurethēsetai kyrios ho apo Marias gennētheis tēs aeiparthenou eudokēsas epi zōę̄ tōn anthrōpōn, ho gennētheis achronōs, ho ōn pros ton patera aei, enypostatos theos logos,

How then will Seth, who died back then, whose sons in succession lived and ended their lives, be found to be the Lord, born of Mary the ever-virgin, who was pleased to come for the life of human beings; who was begotten timelessly, who is ever with the Father, God the Word subsisting in his own right,

John 1:1 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Seth cannot be the eternal Word born of Mary.

John 1:1–2. 'Ever-virgin' is Epiphanius's usual title for Mary.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.10.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:79; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-10-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.10.2Holl GCS 25/31:79–80

ἐλθὼν δὲ ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν καὶ εἰς ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἀναπλασάμενος ἀπὸ μήτρας παρθενικῆς σάρκα καὶ ψυχὴν τὴν ἀνθρωπείαν εἰληφὼς οὕτως ἐνανθρωπήσας τελειότατα,

elthōn de epʼ eschatou tōn hēmerōn kai eis heauton de anaplasamenos apo mētras parthenikēs sarka kai psychēn tēn anthrōpeian eilēphōs houtōs enanthrōpēsas teleiotata,

who came at the end of the days and formed flesh for himself from a virgin womb and took a human soul, and so became man most perfectly,

Heb 1:2 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Word took flesh and a human soul from the Virgin.

Heb 1:2.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.10.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:79–80; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-10-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.10.3Holl GCS 25/31:80

κηρύξας ἡμῖν ζωῆς τὰ μυστήρια, δικαιοσύνης τε ἐργάτας τοὺς αὐτοῦ μαθητὰς καταστήσας καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ διδασκαλίαν διʼ ἑαυτοῦ τε καὶ διʼ αὐτῶν παιδεύσας τὸ γένος τῶν ἀνθρώπων, οὐ τὰ τῶν Σηθιανῶν ἀποκαλύψας οὐδὲ Σὴθ ἑαυτὸν ὀνομάσας. ὡς οὑτοι ληροῦντες καὶ μέθῃ τινὶ συνεχόμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐκπεπτώκασι;

kēryxas hēmin zōēs ta mystēria, dikaiosynēs te ergatas tous autou mathētas katastēsas kai tēn autou didaskalian diʼ heautou te kai diʼ autōn paideusas to genos tōn anthrōpōn, ou ta tōn Sēthianōn apokalypsas oude Sēth heauton onomasas. hōs houtoi lērountes kai methę̄ tini synechomenoi apo tēs alētheias ekpeptōkasi?

who proclaimed to us the mysteries of life, appointed his disciples workers of righteousness, and taught the human race his teaching through himself and through them, not revealing the things of the Sethians or calling himself Seth, as these people, talking nonsense and gripped by a kind of drunkenness, have fallen from the truth?

Notes and citation

Summary: Christ never called himself Seth.

Topics: Christology, Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.10.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:80; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-10-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.10.4Holl GCS 25/31:80

Τὰ δὲ νῦν συντόμου οὔσης τῆς * αἱρέσεως, οὐκ ἐνδεηθεὶς ἐπεκτεῖναι τὸν κατʼ αὐτῆς ἔλεγχον ἀρκοῦμαι τοῖς παροῦσι μόνοις. εὔτρωτος γὰρ ἡ τούτων ἄνοια καὶ ἑαυτὴν δυναμένη τε ἐλέγξαι καὶ φωρᾶσαι, οὐ μόνον περὶ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἀγωγῆς καὶ σεσυκοφαντημένης διδασκαλίας τοῦ τὸν Σὴθ αὐτὸν νομίζειν τε καὶ διαβεβαιοῦσθαι εἶναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τὴν περὶ τῶν δύο ἀνθρώπων ὑπόθεσιν.

Ta de nyn syntomou ousēs tēs * haireseōs, ouk endeētheis epekteinai ton katʼ autēs elenchon arkoumai tois parousi monois. eutrōtos gar hē toutōn anoia kai heautēn dynamenē te elenxai kai phōrasai, ou monon peri tēs tou Christou agōgēs kai sesykophantēmenēs didaskalias tou ton Sēth auton nomizein te kai diabebaiousthai einai, alla kai eis tēn peri tōn dyo anthrōpōn hypothesin.

For the present, since the … heresy is brief, I need not extend my refutation of it, and I am content with what I have said. For their folly is easily wounded and can refute and expose itself, not only about Christ's conduct and his slandered teaching, in that they think and assert that he is Seth, but also as to their hypothesis of the two human beings.

Notes and citation

Summary: The heresy refutes itself.

A word is missing before 'heresy'.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.10.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:80; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-10-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.10.5Holl GCS 25/31:80

εἰ γὰρ αἱ δυνάμεις ἄνωθεν ἐσχήκασι τὴν ἀρχήν, οὐκ ἂν ἄνευ τῆς μιᾶς, ἣν δὴ καὶ Μητέρα φάσκουσι τῶν ὅλων εἶναι, ἐγένετό τε καὶ ἐπράχθη τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν δύο πραχθέντα. εὑρίσκεται γὰρ ἡ μία αἰτία τῶν δύο δυνάμεων, καὶ ἄνευ αὑτῆς μηδὲν τῶν γενομένων γεγονέναι.

ei gar hai dynameis anōthen eschēkasi tēn archēn, ouk an aneu tēs mias, hēn dē kai Mētera phaskousi tōn holōn einai, egeneto te kai eprachthē ta hypo tōn dyo prachthenta. heurisketai gar hē mia aitia tōn dyo dynameōn, kai aneu hautēs mēden tōn genomenōn gegonenai.

For if the powers have their origin from above, what the two did could not have happened or been done without the one whom they call the Mother of all. For the one is found to be the cause of the two powers, and without her none of the things that happened came about.

Notes and citation

Summary: Their own system requires a single first cause.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.10.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:80; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-10-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.10.6Holl GCS 25/31:80

καὶ ἀναδραμοῦνται πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ὁμολογεῖν ἕνα εἶναι δεσπότην τῶν πάντων καὶ δημιουργὸν καὶ κτιστὴν τῶν ὅλων, ἅπαξ μιᾶς δεικνυμένης ἀρχῆς.

kai anadramountai palin epi to homologein hena einai despotēn tōn pantōn kai dēmiourgon kai ktistēn tōn holōn, hapax mias deiknymenēs archēs.

And they will run back again to confessing that there is one Master of all, Creator and Maker of all things, once a single first principle is shown.

Notes and citation

Summary: One principle means one Creator.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.10.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:80; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-10-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

39.10.7Holl GCS 25/31:80

ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ ταύτης τῆς αἱρέσεως ταῦτα φήσαντες καὶ ἀποκαλύψαντες τὸν ἰὸν τῆς ἑρπετώδους αὐτῶν ἐκ γένους ἀσπίδων γονῆς, ἐφʼ ἑτέραν πάλιν ἴωμεν, ἀγαπητοί, τῇ αὐτῇ ἀκολουθίᾳ τῆς πραγματείας.

alla kai peri tautēs tēs haireseōs tauta phēsantes kai apokalypsantes ton ion tēs herpetōdous autōn ek genous aspidōn gonēs, ephʼ heteran palin iōmen, agapētoi, tę̄ autę̄ akolouthią tēs pragmateias.

Having said these things about this heresy too and uncovered the venom of their reptile brood, born of the race of asps, let us go on again to another, beloved, in the same order of our treatise.

Matt 3:7 (echo, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Epiphanius moves on to the next heresy.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 39.10.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:80; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/38-4-1/#p-39-10-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.