Panarion (Medicine Chest Against Heresies), Haer. 1-64 37.1.1–38.3.9
Greek text: Holl, GCS 25/31 (Greek text: Karl Holl, ed., Epiphanius, Bände 1-2 (GCS 25, 1915, and GCS 31, 1922, Leipzig: Hinrichs), digitized by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0. The digitized file's own metadata describes it as spanning Holl's volumes 1-3 (1915-1933), but its text in fact ends at Haer. 64 (confirmed: the last division is Haer. 64, on Origen, matching the end of GCS 31); Holl's third volume (GCS 37, 1933) is not present in this digital text.).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Haer. 37, chapter 1
37.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:50
Ὡς οὖν τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ δυνάμει ἐπαγγειλάμενοι, θεοῦ βοηθοῦντος καὶ τὴν ἑξῆς ταύτῃ ὑφηγησόμεθα ταῖς πρότερον ἀκολουθήσασαν ματαιοφροσύναις αἵρεσιν Ὀφιτῶν, τὰ μὲν κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ φερομένην τὰ δὲ διηλλαγμένην, λέγω δὲ τοῖς ἤθεσι καὶ σχήμασι τῶν χρωμένων αὐτῇ, ἴνα ἀπὸ τῆς μετεώρου πλάνης τῆς τούτων διαφωνίας παντί τῳ δῆλον ἔσται ὅτι πλάνῃ ἄγονται καὶ οὐκ ἀληθείᾳ. φωραθήσεται δὲ νῦν τῷ λόγῳ καὶ ἐλεγχθήσεται ἡ κατʼ αὐτοὺς ἄνοια.
Hōs oun tę̄ tou theou dynamei epangeilamenoi, theou boēthountos kai tēn hexēs tautę̄ hyphēgēsometha tais proteron akolouthēsasan mataiophrosynais hairesin Ophitōn, ta men kata ta auta pheromenēn ta de diēllagmenēn, legō de tois ēthesi kai schēmasi tōn chrōmenōn autę̄, ina apo tēs meteōrou planēs tēs toutōn diaphōnias panti tǭ dēlon estai hoti planę̄ agontai kai ouk alētheią. phōrathēsetai de nyn tǭ logǭ kai elenchthēsetai hē katʼ autous anoia.
As we promised, then, by the power of God, with God's help we will also describe the heresy that follows this one, the heresy of the Ophites, which followed the earlier follies, in some things agreeing with them and in others differing, I mean in the customs and practices of its adherents; so that from the airy error of their disagreement it may be plain to everyone that they are led by error and not by truth. Their folly will now be caught and refuted by our account.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius introduces the Ophites.
- Heresy 37, the Ophites ('snake people').
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): ἔσηται → ἔσται.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:50; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:50–51
Οἱ Ὀφῖται μὲν γάρ. ὡς προεῖπον, τὰς προφάσεις εἰλήφασιν ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Νικολάου καὶ Γνωστικῶν καὶ τῶν πρὸ τούτων αἱρέσεων. Ὀφῖται δὲ καλοῦνται διʼ ὃν δοξάζουσιν ὄφιν. ἄτοπα γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι ἐρεύγονται, ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς προειρημένης βρώσεως τῆς δυσοδμίας ἐμπεπλησμένοι, καὶ ὡς καινὰ δαιμόνια ἀπατηθέντες οὑτοι τὸν ὄφιν ὡς προεῖπον δοξάζουσι.
Hoi Ophitai men gar. hōs proeipon, tas prophaseis eilēphasin apo tēs tou Nikolaou kai Gnōstikōn kai tōn pro toutōn haireseōn. Ophitai de kalountai diʼ hon doxazousin ophin. atopa gar kai houtoi ereugontai, hōs apo tēs proeirēmenēs brōseōs tēs dysodmias empeplēsmenoi, kai hōs kaina daimonia apatēthentes houtoi ton ophin hōs proeipon doxazousi.
For the Ophites, as I said before, took their pretexts from the heresy of Nicolaus, the Gnostics, and those before them. They are called Ophites because of the snake they glorify. For these too belch out absurdities, as though filled with the foul-smelling food mentioned before; and, deceived as by new demons, they glorify the snake, as I said.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Ophites are named for the snake they honor.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:50–51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:51
καὶ ὅρα εἰς ὅσην προέβη κακομηχανίαν ὁ τούτους ἀπατήσας ὄφις. καθάπερ γὰρ ἐξ ὑπαρχῆς τοὺς περὶ Εὔαν καὶ τὸν Ἀδὰμ ἠπάτησεν, οὕτω καὶ νῦν, κρύπτων ἑαυτὸν ἔν τε τῷ παρόντι καὶ ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἄχρι τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίας.
kai hora eis hosēn proebē kakomēchanian ho toutous apatēsas ophis. kathaper gar ex hyparchēs tous peri Euan kai ton Adam ēpatēsen, houtō kai nyn, kryptōn heauton en te tǭ paronti kai en tǭ chronǭ tōn Ioudaiōn achri tēs tou Christou parousias.
And see to what great evil contrivance the snake that deceived them has advanced. Just as in the beginning it deceived Eve and Adam, so now too, hiding itself both at present and in the time of the Jews until the coming of Christ.
Gen 3:1 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The same serpent that deceived Eve deceives them.
- The sentence breaks off in the Greek.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:51
εἶτα καὶ προβαινόντων τῶν χρόνων λίχνους ὄντας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τῇ δι΄ αὐτοῦ ἐκ τῆς παρακοῆς ληφθείσῃ βρώσει ἔτι ὑπονοθεύων καὶ ἐρεθίζων εἰς περισσοτέραν ἀπάτην ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄντος θεοῦ ἀφίστησι, πολλὰ μὲν ὑπισχνούμενος ἀεί, ὡς καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς· καὶ γὰρ καὶ τότε ἠπάτησεν λέγων »ἔσεσθε ὡς θεοί«, εἶτα προιόντων τῶν χρόνων τὴν πολύμορφον καὶ τερατώδη φαντασίαν αὐτοῖς ἐξειργάσατο.
eita kai probainontōn tōn chronōn lichnous ontas tous anthrōpous tę̄ di΄ autou ek tēs parakoēs lēphtheisę̄ brōsei eti hyponotheuōn kai erethizōn eis perissoteran apatēn apo tou ontos theou aphistēsi, polla men hypischnoumenos aei, hōs kai ex archēs; kai gar kai tote ēpatēsen legōn »esesthe hōs theoi«, eita proiontōn tōn chronōn tēn polymorphon kai teratōdē phantasian autois exeirgasato.
Then, as time went on, since human beings were greedy for the food taken through him in disobedience, he still corrupts them secretly and provokes them to greater deception and draws them away from the true God, always promising much, as he did from the beginning. For then too he deceived them, saying, 'You will be like gods'; and then, as time went on, he worked in them the many-shaped and monstrous fantasy.
Gen 3:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The serpent still tempts with false promises.
- Gen 3:5.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:51
ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ ἑνὸς καὶ ἀληθινοῦ θεοῦ ἀποστήσας αὐτοὺς ἐνεκίσσησε πάλαι τὴν τῆς εἰδωλολατρείας καὶ πολυθείας βλάσφημον κενοφωνίαν. οὐ γὰρ ἠσαν θεοί, ὥσπερ οὐδέ εἰσιν, ἀλλὰ 〈μόνος〉 ὀ θεός· προεκίσσα δὲ τὴν εἰδωλομανίαν καὶ πολυθείαν καὶ ἀπατηλὴν διάνοιαν.
apo gar tou henos kai alēthinou theou apostēsas autous enekissēse palai tēn tēs eidōlolatreias kai polytheias blasphēmon kenophōnian. ou gar ēsan theoi, hōsper oude eisin, alla 〈monos〉 o theos; proekissa de tēn eidōlomanian kai polytheian kai apatēlēn dianoian.
For having drawn them away from the one true God, he long ago implanted in them a craving for the blasphemous empty babble of idolatry and polytheism. For they were not gods, as they are not now, but God alone is; yet he implanted beforehand the craving for idol-madness, polytheism, and a deceitful mind.
Notes and citation
Summary: The serpent brought in idolatry.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:51
οὐκ ἦν δὲ αἴτιος μόνος ὁ φαινόμενος τότε ὄφις, ἀλλὰ ὁ έν τῷ ὄφει ὄφις λαλήσας (φημὶ δὲ <ὁ> διάβολος) καὶ τὴν ἀκοὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ταράξας διὰ τῆς γυναικός.
ouk ēn de aitios monos ho phainomenos tote ophis, alla ho en tǭ ophei ophis lalēsas (phēmi de <ho> diabolos) kai tēn akoēn tou anthrōpou taraxas dia tēs gynaikos.
Nor was the visible snake the only cause then, but the snake who spoke in the snake (I mean the devil) and troubled the man's hearing through the woman.
Gen 3:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Rev 12:9 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The devil spoke through the snake.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.7Holl GCS 25/31:51
καὶ οὐδὲ τὸ ξύλον ἠν ἁμαρτία (θεὸς γὰρ οὐδὲν πονηρὸν φυτεύει), γνῶσιν δὲ ἐνεποίησε τὸ ξύλον τοῦ εἰδέναι ἀγαθόν τε καὶ φαῦλον.
kai oude to xylon ēn hamartia (theos gar ouden ponēron phyteuei), gnōsin de enepoiēse to xylon tou eidenai agathon te kai phaulon.
And the tree was not sin (for God plants nothing evil), but the tree produced the knowledge of knowing good and bad.
Gen 2:17 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The tree was not evil in itself.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.8Holl GCS 25/31:51
καὶ οὐχὶ διὰ τὸ εἰδέναι ὁ θάνατος, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν παρακοήν. καὶ γὰρ ἡ πᾶσα τοῦ ἐχθροῦ τότε συσκευὴ οὐχ ἕνεκεν τοῦ βρώματος γέγονεν, ἀλλὰ ἕνεκεν τοῦ ἐργάσασθαι αὐτοῖς τὴν παρακοήν.
kai ouchi dia to eidenai ho thanatos, alla dia tēn parakoēn. kai gar hē pasa tou echthrou tote syskeuē ouch heneken tou brōmatos gegonen, alla heneken tou ergasasthai autois tēn parakoēn.
And death came not because of knowing but because of disobedience. For the whole scheme of the enemy then was not for the sake of the food, but to bring about their disobedience.
Rom 5:19 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Death came from disobedience, not knowledge.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.9Holl GCS 25/31:51
ὅθεν παρακούσαντες τότε τοῦ μὲν παραδείσου ἔξωθεν γίνονται, ἐπιτιμηθέντες δικαιότατα, οὐ κατὰ μῖσος ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἐπιμέλειαν τοῦ θεοῦ. φησὶ γὰρ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁ κύριος »γῆ εἶ, καὶ εἰς γῆν ἀπελεύσῃ«.
hothen parakousantes tote tou men paradeisou exōthen ginontai, epitimēthentes dikaiotata, ou kata misos alla kata epimeleian tou theou. phēsi gar pros autous ho kyrios »gē ei, kai eis gēn apeleusę̄«.
Hence, having disobeyed, they were put outside paradise, most justly rebuked, not out of hatred but out of God's care. For the Lord says to them, 'You are earth, and to earth you will go.'
Gen 3:19 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 3:23 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The expulsion was a caring punishment.
- Gen 3:19.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Repeated syllables in the OCR.): ἐπιτιμηθέντες τιμηθέντες → ἐπιτιμηθέντες.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:51; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.10Holl GCS 25/31:51–52
ἔδει γὰρ τὸν ὄντως ὄντα τεχνίτην κεραμέως δίκην ἐπιμελόμενον τοῦ ἰδίου διὰ χειρῶν πεπλασμένου αὐτοῦ πλάσματός τε καὶ ἄγγους, τοῦτο ὕστερον ἐν ἐλαττώματι γεγονὸς διὰ τῆς παρακοῆς καὶ ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἔτι πηλοῦ ὄντος καὶ ὡς ὑπὸ ῥαγάδος ἀπόρριμμα γεγονότος τοῦ ἄγγους, μὴ ἐᾶσαι οὕτως ἀλλὰ μεταβαλεῖν εἰς τὸ ἀρχαῖον φύραμα,
edei gar ton ontōs onta technitēn kerameōs dikēn epimelomenon tou idiou dia cheirōn peplasmenou autou plasmatos te kai angous, touto hysteron en elattōmati gegonos dia tēs parakoēs kai hōs eipein, eti pēlou ontos kai hōs hypo rhagados aporrimma gegonotos tou angous, mē easai houtōs alla metabalein eis to archaion phyrama,
For the true craftsman, like a potter caring for his own work and vessel formed by his hands, when it later became defective through disobedience, and (so to speak) while the clay was still moist the vessel had been spoiled as by a crack, had to not leave it so, but to turn it back into the original lump,
Jer 18:4 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God, like a potter, remakes the cracked vessel.
- Cf. Jer 18:4–6.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): ἄΠους → ἄγγους.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:51–52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.11Holl GCS 25/31:52
ἵνα αὖθις ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ ἀνασκευάσῃ τὸ ἄγγος ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει εἰς τὴν ἀρχαίαν φαιδροτητα καὶ ἔτι περιττότερον,
hina authis en tę̄ palingenesią anaskeuasę̄ to angos en tę̄ anastasei eis tēn archaian phaidrotēta kai eti perittoteron,
so as to restore the vessel again in the regeneration, in the resurrection, to its original brightness and even more,
Matt 19:28 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The resurrection restores the vessel.
- 'Regeneration': Matt 19:28.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.1.12Holl GCS 25/31:52
τουτέστιν * τὰ σώματα τῶν τὰ ἀδικώτατα πραξάντων καὶ μετανοησάντων καὶ ἀποστάντων τῶν ἰδίων σφαλμάτων καὶ ἐν τῇ γνώσει τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τελειωθέντων, ἵνα γένηται τοῦ σώματος ἡ ἀνάστασις ἐκ τῆς γῆς, ὡς τὸ φύραμα μαλαχθὲν παρὰ τοῦ τεχνίτου καὶ] αὖθις εἰς τὴν ἀρχαίαν καὶ ἔτι βελτίω ἀνατύπωσιν κατασκευάζηται.
toutestin * ta sōmata tōn ta adikōtata praxantōn kai metanoēsantōn kai apostantōn tōn idiōn sphalmatōn kai en tę̄ gnōsei tou kyriou hēmōn Iēsou Christou teleiōthentōn, hina genētai tou sōmatos hē anastasis ek tēs gēs, hōs to phyrama malachthen para tou technitou kai] authis eis tēn archaian kai eti beltiō anatypōsin kataskeuazētai.
that is, … the bodies of those who did the most unjust things and repented and turned from their own faults and were made perfect in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ; so that the resurrection of the body may come from the earth, as the lump softened by the craftsman is fashioned again into its original and even better form.
Notes and citation
Summary: The repentant rise in bodies remade from the earth.
- A word is missing after 'that is'.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): κατασκευάζ3ται → κατασκευάζηται.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.1.12 (Holl GCS 25/31:52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-1-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 37, chapter 2
37.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:52
2. Τοιαύτη μὲν ἦν ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ τοῦ ὄφεως πρὸς τὴν Εὔαν. ἐξ ἀρχῆς γὰρ λίχνος ἡ ἀνθρωπεία φύσις καὶ ὑπαγομένη ἀεὶ τοῖς τῆς κενοφωνίας δόγμασι καὶ κεναῖς ὑποσχέσεσι.
2. Toiautē men ēn hē epiboulē tou opheōs pros tēn Euan. ex archēs gar lichnos hē anthrōpeia physis kai hypagomenē aei tois tēs kenophōnias dogmasi kai kenais hyposchesesi.
Such was the snake's plot against Eve. For from the beginning human nature has been greedy and always led on by doctrines of empty babble and empty promises.
Notes and citation
Summary: Human nature is easily led by empty promises.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): ἀνθρωπεία φύοις → ἀνθρωπεία φύσις.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:52
καὶ πάλαι μὲν κρυπταζόμενος ὁ αὐτὸς οὐκ ἐδήλου τῆς αὐτοῦ ἰοβολίας τὸ πέρας, ὕστερον δὲ μετὰ τὴν ἔνσαρκον Χριστοῦ παρουσίαν ἐξήμεσέν τε καὶ ἀπέπτυσε τὴν πᾶσαν αὐτοῦ ἰώδη καὶ μοχθηρὰν ἐπίνοιαν τῆς κακονοίας· οὑτος γὰρ προεβάλετο ἑαυτὸν ἐν τῇ τῶν ἠπατημένων διανοίᾳ δοξάζεσθαι ὡς θεὸς καὶ προσκυνεῖσθαι.
kai palai men kryptazomenos ho autos ouk edēlou tēs autou iobolias to peras, hysteron de meta tēn ensarkon Christou parousian exēmesen te kai apeptyse tēn pasan autou iōdē kai mochthēran epinoian tēs kakonoias; houtos gar proebaleto heauton en tę̄ tōn ēpatēmenōn dianoią doxazesthai hōs theos kai proskyneisthai.
And long ago the same one, keeping hidden, did not disclose the full extent of his venom-spitting; but later, after Christ's coming in the flesh, he vomited out and spat out the whole of his venomous and wicked malicious design. For he put himself forward in the minds of the deceived to be glorified as God and worshipped.
Notes and citation
Summary: After Christ came, the serpent sought worship as God.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:52
γινώσκεται δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς ὄφις διά τε τῆς αὐτοῦ σχολῆς ταύτης καὶ δί ὄφεως τοῦ αἰσθητοῦ τὴν ἀπάτην ἐμποιῶν. ὄφιν δὲ δῆθεν ἡ θεία γραφὴ καλεῖ τὸν διάβολον, οὐ πάντως ὄντα τοιοῦτον τῇ μορφῇ, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ φαίνεσθαι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις σκολιώτατον καὶ τὸ ἐν πρώτοις ἐν ὄφει ἐνεργηθὲν τῆς ἀπάτης σκευώρημα.
ginōsketai de ho autos ophis dia te tēs autou scholēs tautēs kai di opheōs tou aisthētou tēn apatēn empoiōn. ophin de dēthen hē theia graphē kalei ton diabolon, ou pantōs onta toiouton tę̄ morphę̄, alla dia to phainesthai tois anthrōpois skoliōtaton kai to en prōtois en ophei energēthen tēs apatēs skeuōrēma.
This same snake is recognized both through this school of his and through the visible snake, as he works his deception. The divine Scripture calls the devil a snake, not because he is altogether of that shape, but because he appears to human beings most crooked, and because of the device of deception first worked in a snake.
Rev 12:9 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Scripture calls the devil a snake because of his crookedness.
- Cf. Rev 12:9; 20:2.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:52
παρὰ τοῖς τοίνυν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπιγινώσκουσι καταγέλαστον τοῦτο τὸ δόγμα καὶ οἱ αὐτῷ προσανέχοντες, τὸν ὄφιν ὡς θεὸν δοξάζοντες. μηκέτι γὰρ δυνάμενος ὁ διάβολος τὴν ἀνδρείαν διάνοιαν τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου λαβοῦσαν τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀληθείας ἀπατᾶν τρέπεται ἐπὶ τὸ θῆλυ τουτέστιν τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἄγνοιαν καὶ πείθει τοὺς ἐν τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ, ἐπειδὴ οὐ δύναται τὸν στερεὸν λογισμὸν ἀπατῆσαι.
para tois toinyn tēn alētheian epiginōskousi katagelaston touto to dogma kai hoi autǭ prosanechontes, ton ophin hōs theon doxazontes. mēketi gar dynamenos ho diabolos tēn andreian dianoian tēn apo tou kyriou labousan tēn dynamin tēs alētheias apatan trepetai epi to thēly toutestin tēn tōn anthrōpōn agnoian kai peithei tous en tę̄ agnoią, epeidē ou dynatai ton stereon logismon apatēsai.
Among those who know the truth, then, this doctrine is laughable, and so are those who adhere to it, glorifying the snake as God. For the devil, no longer able to deceive the manly mind which has received the power of the truth from the Lord, turns to the female, that is, to human ignorance, and persuades those in ignorance, since he cannot deceive firm reasoning.
Notes and citation
Summary: The devil works on weak, 'female' ignorance, not firm reason.
- Epiphanius uses 'female' figuratively for weakness of mind, as the next section explains.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Word split by a line-end hyphen.): κατα- γέλαστον → καταγέλαστον.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:52; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:52–53
θηλυκοῖς γὰρ ἀεὶ διανοήμασι προσπελάζει, ἡδονῇ τε καὶ ἐπιθυμίᾳ τουτέστι τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ τῇ ἐν ἀνθρώποις θηλυνομένῃ καὶ οὐχὶ τῷ στερεῷ λογισμῷ τῷ εὐλόγως τὰ πάντα νοοῦντι καὶ θεὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ κατὰ φύσιν νόμου ἐπιγινώσκοντι.
thēlykois gar aei dianoēmasi prospelazei, hēdonę̄ te kai epithymią toutesti tę̄ agnoią tę̄ en anthrōpois thēlynomenę̄ kai ouchi tǭ stereǭ logismǭ tǭ eulogōs ta panta noounti kai theon apo tou kata physin nomou epiginōskonti.
For he always approaches effeminate thoughts, pleasure and desire, that is, the ignorance that is made effeminate in human beings, and not firm reasoning, which understands all things soundly and recognizes God from the law of nature.
Rom 1:20 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The devil exploits pleasure and desire.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:52–53; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.2.6Holl GCS 25/31:53
λέγει γὰρ ἑαυτὸν εἰναι Χριστὸν ὁ παρʼ αὐτοῖς ὄφις, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ αὐτός οὐ γὰρ δύναται φθέγξασθαι), ἀλλὰ ὁ τὴν αὐτῶν ἔννοιαν οὕτω φρονεῖν παρασκευάσας διάβολος.
legei gar heauton einai Christon ho parʼ autois ophis, mallon de ouk autos ou gar dynatai phthenxasthai), alla ho tēn autōn ennoian houtō phronein paraskeuasas diabolos.
For the snake among them says that it is Christ; or rather, not the snake itself (for it cannot speak), but the devil who has prepared their mind to think so.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their snake is proclaimed as Christ by the devil's prompting.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.2.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:53; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.2.7Holl GCS 25/31:53
τίς τοίνυν ἰδὼν τὸν ὄφιν οὐκ ἐπιγνώσεται τὸν ἐχθρὸν καὶ φεύξεται; τούτου γὰρ ἕνεκεν καὶ ὁ κύριος αὐτὸν τοῦτον τὸν ὄφιν εἰς ἐχθρίαν κατέστησε τοῦ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένους, ἐπειδὴ ὅλως σκεῦος διαβόλου γέγονεν κτῆνος ὤν καὶ διʼ αὐτοῦ ἠπάτησεν ὁ διάβολος τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ, ἵνα ἰδόντες τὴν τούτου ἐχθρίαν τοῦ αἰσθητοῦ ὄφεως ἀποδιδράσκωσι τῆς ἀπάτης τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν καὶ μισήσωσιν ὡς εἰπεῖν θεάσασθαι καὶ τὸ εἶδος.
tis toinyn idōn ton ophin ouk epignōsetai ton echthron kai pheuxetai? toutou gar heneken kai ho kyrios auton touton ton ophin eis echthrian katestēse tou tōn anthrōpōn genous, epeidē holōs skeuos diabolou gegonen ktēnos ōn kai diʼ autou ēpatēsen ho diabolos ton anthrōpon en tǭ paradeisǭ, hina idontes tēn toutou echthrian tou aisthētou opheōs apodidraskōsi tēs apatēs tēn epiboulēn kai misēsōsin hōs eipein theasasthai kai to eidos.
Who, then, seeing the snake, will not recognize the enemy and flee? It was for this reason that the Lord set this very snake in enmity with the human race, since, being a beast, it became wholly the devil's instrument, and through it the devil deceived man in paradise; so that, seeing the enmity of this visible snake, people might run from the plot of deception and hate, so to speak, even to look at its form.
Gen 3:15 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God set enmity between snake and humanity as a warning.
- Gen 3:15.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): ἐδὼν → ἰδὼν; δέ αὐτοῦ ἠπάτησεν → διʼ αὐτοῦ ἠπάτησεν; ἀποδιδράσκψσι → ἀποδιδράσκωσι.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.2.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:53; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 37, chapter 3
37.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:53
3. Ἀποδιδόασι δὲ καὶ οὑτοι οἱ Ὀφῖται καλούμενοι τούτῳ τῷ ὄφει τὴν πᾶσαν γνῶσιν, λέγοντες ὅτι οὑτος ἀρχὴ γνώσεως γέγονεν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, μυθωδῶς παρεισφέροντες τὰ παρʼ αὐτοῖς νομιζόμενα μυστήρια, μιμολογήματα δὲ ὄντα καὶ χλεύης ἔμπλεα καὶ ματαιοφροσύνης.
3. Apodidoasi de kai houtoi hoi Ophitai kaloumenoi toutǭ tǭ ophei tēn pasan gnōsin, legontes hoti houtos archē gnōseōs gegonen tois anthrōpois, mythōdōs pareispherontes ta parʼ autois nomizomena mystēria, mimologēmata de onta kai chleuēs emplea kai mataiophrosynēs.
These so-called Ophites also attribute all knowledge to this snake, saying that it became the beginning of knowledge for human beings, introducing in mythical fashion what they consider mysteries, which are mime-talk full of mockery and folly.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Ophites credit the snake with bringing knowledge.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Stray mark and a leaked page number.): ὅτι | οὑτος ἀρχὴ γνώσεως γέγονεν D264 τοῖς → ὅτι οὑτος ἀρχὴ γνώσεως γέγονεν τοῖς.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:53; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:53–54
μῦθοι γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς οὗτοι· φάσκουσι γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄνω Αἰῶνος προβεβλῆσθαι Αἰῶνας καὶ κατώτερον γεγενῆσθαι τὸν Ἰαλδαβαώθ· τοῦτον δὲ προβεβλῆσθαι κατὰ ἀδράνειαν καὶ ἄγνοιαν τῆς ἰδίας μητρὸς τουτέστι τῆς ἄνω Προυνίκου.
mythoi gar hōs alēthōs houtoi; phaskousi gar apo tou anō Aiōnos probeblēsthai Aiōnas kai katōteron gegenēsthai ton Ialdabaōth; touton de probeblēsthai kata adraneian kai agnoian tēs idias mētros toutesti tēs anō Prounikou.
For these are truly myths. They say that Aeons were emitted from the Aeon above, and that Ialdabaoth came into being lower down; and that he was emitted through the weakness and ignorance of his own mother, that is, Prunicus above.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ialdabaoth arose from the ignorance of his mother Prunicus.
- Compare the similar system in Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.30.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.30.3 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:53–54; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:54
ταύτην γάρ φασι τὴν Προύνικον κατεληλυθέναι εἰς τὰ ὕδατα καὶ μιχθῆναι αὐτοῖς καὶ μὴ δεδυνῆσθαι εἰς τὰ ἄνω χωρεῖν διὰ τὸ μεμῖχθαι τῷ βάρει τῆς ὕλης· ἐπιμεμῖχθαι γὰρ αὐτὴν τοῖς ὕδασι καὶ τῇ ὕλῃ καὶ μηκέτι δυνηθῆναι ἀναχωρεῖν.
tautēn gar phasi tēn Prounikon katelēlythenai eis ta hydata kai michthēnai autois kai mē dedynēsthai eis ta anō chōrein dia to memichthai tǭ barei tēs hylēs; epimemichthai gar autēn tois hydasi kai tę̄ hylę̄ kai mēketi dynēthēnai anachōrein.
For they say that this Prunicus came down into the waters and was mixed with them, and could not go up to the things above because she was mixed with the weight of matter; for she was mingled with the waters and with matter and could no longer withdraw.
Notes and citation
Summary: Prunicus was trapped in the waters and matter.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.30.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.30.3 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:54; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:54
ἐπῇρεν δὲ ἑαυτὴν κατὰ βίαν εἰς τὰ ἀνώτερα καὶ ἐξέτεινεν ἑαυτὴν καὶ οὕτως γέγονεν <ὁ> ἀνώτερος οὐρανός. καὶ παγεῖσα ηὕρηται, μηκέτι δυναμένη μήτε ἄνω ἀναβῆναι μήτε κάτω κατελθεῖν, ἀλλὰ εἰς τὸ μεσαίτατον παγεῖσά τε καὶ ἐκτεταμένη ἔμεινε.
epę̄ren de heautēn kata bian eis ta anōtera kai exeteinen heautēn kai houtōs gegonen <ho> anōteros ouranos. kai pageisa hēurētai, mēketi dynamenē mēte anō anabēnai mēte katō katelthein, alla eis to mesaitaton pageisa te kai ektetamenē emeine.
But she raised herself forcibly toward the higher regions and stretched herself out, and so the higher heaven came into being. And she found herself fixed, able neither to go up above nor to come down below, but remained fixed and stretched out in the very middle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Prunicus stretched out became the heaven.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.30.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.30.3 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:54; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:54
κάτω μὲν γὰρ κατενεχθῆναι οὐκ ἠδύνατο, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν συγγενής· ἄνω δὲ οὐκ ἠδύνατο χωρεῖν, διὰ τὸ βαρεῖσθαι ἐκ τῆς ὕλης ἡς προσέλαβεν.
katō men gar katenechthēnai ouk ēdynato, hoti ouk ēn syngenēs; anō de ouk ēdynato chōrein, dia to bareisthai ek tēs hylēs hēs proselaben.
For she could not be carried down below, because she was not akin to it; and she could not go up above, because she was weighed down by the matter she had taken on.
Notes and citation
Summary: She could go neither up nor down.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:54; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.3.6Holl GCS 25/31:54–55
κατὰ δὲ τὴν αὐτῆς ἄγνοιαν προβληθεὶς ὁ Ἰαλδαβαὼθ ἠλθεν εἰς τὰ κατώτατα καὶ ἐποίησεν ἑαυτῷ ἑπτὰ υἱούς, οἵτινες ἑαυτοῖς οὐρανοὺς ἑπτὰ ἐποίησαν. αὐτὸς δὲ ἀποκλείσας τὰ ὑπὲρ αὑτὸν ἀπέκρυπτεν, ἵνα οἱ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ υἱοὶ προβληθέντες ἑπτὰ μὴ γινώσκωσι τὰ ὑπὲρ αὐτόν, κατώτεροι ὄντες αὐτοῦ, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸν μονωτάτως. καὶ οὗτός ἐστι, φασίν, ὁ θεὸς τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὁ Ἰαλδαβαώθ.
kata de tēn autēs agnoian problētheis ho Ialdabaōth ēlthen eis ta katōtata kai epoiēsen heautǭ hepta huious, hoitines heautois ouranous hepta epoiēsan. autos de apokleisas ta hyper hauton apekrypten, hina hoi hypʼ autou huioi problēthentes hepta mē ginōskōsi ta hyper auton, katōteroi ontes autou, allʼ auton monōtatōs. kai houtos esti, phasin, ho theos tōn Ioudaiōn ho Ialdabaōth.
And Ialdabaoth, emitted through her ignorance, came to the lowest regions and made himself seven sons, who made themselves seven heavens. He shut off the things above him and hid them, so that the seven sons he had emitted, being lower than he, might not know the things above him, but him alone. And this Ialdabaoth, they say, is the God of the Jews.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ialdabaoth, with seven sons and heavens, is their 'God of the Jews'.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.30.4–5.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Word split by a line-end hyphen.): ἑαυ- τοῖς → ἑαυτοῖς.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.30.5 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.3.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:54–55; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.3.7Holl GCS 25/31:55
ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔστιν οὕτως, μὴ γένοιτο, ἀλλὰ μέλλει κρίνειν αὐτοὺς ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ, θεὸς ὢν καὶ Ἰουδαίων καὶ Χριστιανῶν καὶ πάντων, καὶ οὐ Ἰαλδαβαώθ τις ὢν κατὰ τὴν αὐτῶν ληρώδη μυθολογίαν.
allʼ ouk estin houtōs, mē genoito, alla mellei krinein autous ho theos ho pantokratōr, theos ōn kai Ioudaiōn kai Christianōn kai pantōn, kai ou Ialdabaōth tis ōn kata tēn autōn lērōdē mythologian.
But it is not so, God forbid; rather, God almighty will judge them, being the God of Jews and Christians and all, and not some Ialdabaoth according to their nonsensical mythology.
Rom 3:29 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The one God is God of Jews and Christians alike.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.3.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:55; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-3-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 37, chapter 4
37.4.1Holl GCS 25/31:55
4. Εἶτα, φασίν, ἀποκεκλεισμένων τῶν ἄνω διὰ τῆς τοῦ Ἰαλδαβαὼθ ἐπινοίας οὑτοι οἱ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ γεγεννημένοι ἑπτὰ υἱοὶ ἤτοι Αἰῶνες ἤτοι θεοὶ ἤτοι ἄγγελοι (καλοῦνται γὰρ παρʼ αὐτοῖς ὀνόμασι διαφόροις) κατὰ τὴν ἰδέαν τοῦ αὐτῶν πατρὸς Ἰαλδαβαὼθ ἔπλασαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον, οὐ ῥᾳδίως οὐδὲ ταχέως, ἀλλὰ τῷ αὐτῷ τρόπῳ ᾠ καὶ αἱ πρότεραι αἱρέσεις ἐμηχανήσαντο ἐν τῇ αὐτῶν κενοφωνίᾳ. φασὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι· ἦν ἑρπετὸν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὡς σκώληξ, μὴ δυνάμενος μήτε ἀνακύφειν μήτε ὀρθοῦσθαι.
4. Eita, phasin, apokekleismenōn tōn anō dia tēs tou Ialdabaōth epinoias houtoi hoi apʼ autou gegennēmenoi hepta huioi ētoi Aiōnes ētoi theoi ētoi angeloi (kalountai gar parʼ autois onomasi diaphorois) kata tēn idean tou autōn patros Ialdabaōth eplasan ton anthrōpon, ou rhądiōs oude tacheōs, alla tǭ autǭ tropǭ ǭ kai hai proterai haireseis emēchanēsanto en tę̄ autōn kenophōnią. phasi gar kai houtoi; ēn herpeton ho anthrōpos hōs skōlēx, mē dynamenos mēte anakyphein mēte orthousthai.
Then, they say, when the things above had been shut off by Ialdabaoth's design, these seven sons born of him, whether Aeons or gods or angels (for they call them by different names), formed man after the likeness of their father Ialdabaoth, not easily or quickly, but in the same way the earlier heresies contrived in their empty babble. For these too say: man was a crawling thing like a worm, unable to look up or stand upright.
Gen 1:26 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The seven angels formed man as a crawling worm.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.30.5–6.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.30.6 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.4.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:55; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.4.2Holl GCS 25/31:55–56
πρὸς ἐπιβουλὴν δὲ τοῦ Ἰαλδαβαὼθ ἡ ἄνω Μήτηρ ἡ καλουμένη Προύνικος, βουλομένη κενῶσαι τὸν Ιαλδαβαὼθ ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτοῦ δυνάμεως ἧς ἐξ αὐτῆς μετέσχεν, ἐνήργησεν ἐν αὐτῷ εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸν ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτοῦ πεπλασμένον, κενῶσαι τὴν αὐτοῦ δύναμιν καὶ ἀποστεῖλαι ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σπινθῆρα ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον (τὴν ψυχὴν δῆθεν) διανοουμένη.
pros epiboulēn de tou Ialdabaōth hē anō Mētēr hē kaloumenē Prounikos, boulomenē kenōsai ton Ialdabaōth apo tēs autou dynameōs hēs ex autēs meteschen, enērgēsen en autǭ eis ton anthrōpon ton apo tōn teknōn autou peplasmenon, kenōsai tēn autou dynamin kai aposteilai apʼ autou spinthēra epi ton anthrōpon (tēn psychēn dēthen) dianooumenē.
Against Ialdabaoth's scheme, the Mother above, called Prunicus, wishing to empty Ialdabaoth of the power he had received from her, worked in him toward the man formed by his children, intending to empty him of his power and to send a spark from him into the man (the soul, supposedly).
Gen 2:7 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Prunicus had Ialdabaoth breathe his spark into man.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.30.6; Gen 2:7.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.; Word split by a line-end hyphen.): Ἰαλδαβαὼβ → Ἰαλδαβαὼθ; πεπλασ- μένον → πεπλασμένον.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.30.6 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.4.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:55–56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.4.3Holl GCS 25/31:56
καὶ τότε, φησίν, ἔστη ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας καὶ ὑπερβέβηκε τῇ διανοίᾳ τοὺς ὀκτὼ οὐρανοὺς καὶ ἐπέγνω καὶ ᾔνεσε τὸν ἄνω Πατέρα τὸν ἐπάνω τοῦ Ἰαλδαβαώθ.
kai tote, phēsin, estē ho anthrōpos epi tous podas kai hyperbebēke tę̄ dianoią tous oktō ouranous kai epegnō kai ę̄nese ton anō Patera ton epanō tou Ialdabaōth.
And then, he says, man stood on his feet and in mind passed beyond the eight heavens, and recognized and praised the Father above, who is above Ialdabaoth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Man rose and praised the higher Father.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.30.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.30.6 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.4.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.4.4Holl GCS 25/31:56
καὶ τότε ὁ Ἰαλδαβαὼθ πόνῳ φερόμενος διὰ τὸ ἐπιγνωσθῆναι τὰ ἀνώτατα αὐτοῦ, ἐπέβλεψε κάτω έν πικρίᾳ πρὸς τὴν ὑποστάθμην τῆς ὕλης καὶ γεγέννηκε δύναμιν ὀφιόμορφον ἰδέαν ἔχουσαν, ὃν καὶ υἱὸν αὐτοῦ καλοῦσι.
kai tote ho Ialdabaōth ponǭ pheromenos dia to epignōsthēnai ta anōtata autou, epeblepse katō en pikrią pros tēn hypostathmēn tēs hylēs kai gegennēke dynamin ophiomorphon idean echousan, hon kai huion autou kalousi.
And then Ialdabaoth, distressed because the things higher than he had become known, looked down in bitterness at the dregs of matter and begot a power having the form of a snake, whom they also call his son.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ialdabaoth begot a snake-shaped son.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.30.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.30.5 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.4.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.4.5Holl GCS 25/31:56
καὶ οὕτως οὑτος, φησίν, ἀπεστάλη καὶ ἠπάτησε τὴν Εὔαν. ἡ δὲ ἤκουσεν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπείσθη ὡς υἱῷ θεοῦ καὶ πεισθεῖσα ἔφαγεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς γνώσεως.
kai houtōs houtos, phēsin, apestalē kai ēpatēse tēn Euan. hē de ēkousen autou kai epeisthē hōs huiǭ theou kai peistheisa ephagen apo tou xylou tēs gnōseōs.
And so this one, he says, was sent and deceived Eve. She listened to him and believed him as the son of God, and believing, ate from the tree of knowledge.
Gen 3:6 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The snake-son deceived Eve.
- Gen 3:1–6.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.4.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 37, chapter 5
37.5.1Holl GCS 25/31:56–57
5. Εἶτα ὅταν ταύτην τὴν μωρίαν διηγήσωνται καὶ τὸ γελοῖον τῆς ἐπιτηδεύσεως ταύτης, τὴν τραγικὴν ὡς εἰπεῖν ποιησάμενοι ὑπόθεσιν καὶ τὸ κωμικὸν τοῦτο δρᾶμα, ἄρχονταί τινα ἡμῖν ὑποφαίνειν εἰς παράστασιν τῶν παρʼ αὐτοῖς λεγομένων ψευδῶν θεῶν ὅτι »οὐχὶ καὶ τὰ ἔγκατα ἡμῶν, διʼ ὧν ζῶμεν καὶ τρεφόμεθα, ὀφιοειδῆ ὑπάρχει;‘
5. Eita hotan tautēn tēn mōrian diēgēsōntai kai to geloion tēs epitēdeuseōs tautēs, tēn tragikēn hōs eipein poiēsamenoi hypothesin kai to kōmikon touto drama, archontai tina hēmin hypophainein eis parastasin tōn parʼ autois legomenōn pseudōn theōn hoti »ouchi kai ta enkata hēmōn, diʼ hōn zōmen kai trephometha, ophioeidē hyparchei?‘
Then, when they have recounted this folly and the absurdity of this practice, having made, so to speak, the tragic plot and this comic drama, they begin to suggest something to us to support the false gods they speak of: 'Are not our entrails too, through which we live and are nourished, snake-shaped?'
Notes and citation
Summary: They point to snake-shaped entrails as evidence.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.5.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:56–57; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.5.2Holl GCS 25/31:57
ἄλλα δὲ ὅσα τοῖς ἠπατημένοις παρεισφέρουσιν εἰς τὴν ἑαυτῶν πλάνην καὶ ληρώδη ὑπόνοιαν. διὰ τοιαύτην δὲ αἰτίαν, φασί, τὸν ὄφιν δοξάζομεν, ὅτι ὁ ὄφις αἴτιος τῆς γνώσεως γεγένηται τῷ πλήθει.
alla de hosa tois ēpatēmenois pareispherousin eis tēn heautōn planēn kai lērōdē hyponoian. dia toiautēn de aitian, phasi, ton ophin doxazomen, hoti ho ophis aitios tēs gnōseōs gegenētai tǭ plēthei.
And other such things they introduce to the deceived for their own error and nonsensical notion. 'For this reason,' they say, 'we glorify the snake: because the snake became the cause of knowledge for the multitude.'
Notes and citation
Summary: They honor the snake as the source of knowledge.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.5.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:57; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.5.3Holl GCS 25/31:57
ὁ δὲ Ἰαλδαβαώθ, φασίν, οὐκ ἤθελεν μνησθῆναι τὴν ἄνω Μητέρα οὔτε τὸν Πατέρα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. ἔπεισε δὲ ὁ ὄφις καὶ γνῶσιν ἤνεγκεν, ἐδίδαξέν τε τὸν ἄνθρωπον καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα τῶν ἄνω μυστηρίων τὸ πᾶν τῆς γνώσεως.
ho de Ialdabaōth, phasin, ouk ēthelen mnēsthēnai tēn anō Mētera oute ton Patera tois anthrōpois. epeise de ho ophis kai gnōsin ēnenken, edidaxen te ton anthrōpon kai tēn gynaika tōn anō mystēriōn to pan tēs gnōseōs.
'Ialdabaoth,' they say, 'did not want the Mother above or the Father to be remembered among human beings. But the snake persuaded them and brought knowledge, and taught the man and the woman the whole knowledge of the mysteries above.'
Notes and citation
Summary: The snake taught Adam and Eve the higher mysteries.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.5.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:57; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.5.4Holl GCS 25/31:57
διὸ ὁ πατὴρ ὀργισθείς, τουτέστιν ὁ Ἰαλδαβαώθ, διʼ ἣν ὑπέδειξεν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις γνῶσιν, κατέβαλεν αὐτὸν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ.
dio ho patēr orgistheis, toutestin ho Ialdabaōth, diʼ hēn hypedeixen tois anthrōpois gnōsin, katebalen auton apʼ ouranou.
'Therefore his father, that is, Ialdabaoth, was angry because of the knowledge he had shown to human beings, and threw him down from heaven.'
Rev 12:9 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ialdabaoth cast the snake out of heaven.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): δέ ἣν ὑπέδειξεν → διʼ ἣν ὑπέδειξεν; αὐρανοῦ → οὐρανοῦ.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.5.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:57; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-5-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.5.5Holl GCS 25/31:57
καὶ ἔνθεν βασιλέα τὸν ὄφιν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ λέγουσιν οἱ τὴν μερίδα τοῦ ὄφεως καὶ οὐδὲν ἕτερον κεκτημένοι. δοξάζουσιν οὐν αὐτὸν διὰ τὴν τοιαύτην, φασί, γνῶσιν καὶ ἄρτον αὐτῷ προσφέρουσιν.
kai enthen basilea ton ophin apʼ ouranou legousin hoi tēn merida tou opheōs kai ouden heteron kektēmenoi. doxazousin oun auton dia tēn toiautēn, phasi, gnōsin kai arton autǭ prospherousin.
And hence those who have the snake's portion and nothing else call the snake a king from heaven. So they glorify him, they say, for such knowledge, and offer bread to him.
Notes and citation
Summary: They call the snake a heavenly king and offer bread.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.5.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:57; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.5.6Holl GCS 25/31:57
ἔχουσι γὰρ φύσει ὄφιν τρέφοντες ἐν κίστῃ τινί, ὃν πρὸς τὴν ὥραν τῶν αὐτῶν μυστηρίων τοῦ φωλεοῦ προφέροντες καὶ στιβάζοντες ἐπὶ τραπέζης ἄρτους προσκαλοῦνται τὸν αὐτὸν ὄφιν· ἀνοιχθέντος δὲ τοῦ φωλεοῦ πρόεισι. καὶ οὕτως ἀνελθὼν κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ φρόνησιν ὁ ὄφις καὶ πανουργίαν, ἤδη γινώσκων τὴν αὐτῶν μωρίαν ἄνεισιν ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν καὶ ἐνειλεῖται τοῖς ἄρτοις. καὶ ταύτην φασὶν εἶναι τελείαν θυσίαν.
echousi gar physei ophin trephontes en kistę̄ tini, hon pros tēn hōran tōn autōn mystēriōn tou phōleou propherontes kai stibazontes epi trapezēs artous proskalountai ton auton ophin; anoichthentos de tou phōleou proeisi. kai houtōs anelthōn kata tēn autou phronēsin ho ophis kai panourgian, ēdē ginōskōn tēn autōn mōrian aneisin epi tēn trapezan kai eneileitai tois artois. kai tautēn phasin einai teleian thysian.
For they keep an actual snake, rearing it in a basket. At the hour of their mysteries they bring it out of the den, heap loaves on a table, and call this snake; and when the den is opened it comes out. And so the snake, coming up by its own cunning and craft, already knowing their folly, climbs onto the table and coils itself among the loaves. And this, they say, is the perfect sacrifice.
Notes and citation
Summary: In their rite a live snake coils over the bread.
- A hostile report; Epiphanius's source is not named.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.5.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:57; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-5-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.5.7Holl GCS 25/31:57–58
ὅθεν καί, ὡς ἀπό τινος ἀκήκοα, οὐ μόνον κλῶσι τοὺς ἄρτους έν οἷς ὁ αὐτὸς ὄφις εἰλήθη καὶ ἐπιδιδόασι τοῖς λαμβάνουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕκαστος ἀσπάζεται τὸν ὄφιν ἐκ στόματος, ἤτοι γοητείᾳ τινὶ ἐπᾳσθέντος τοῦ ὄφεως εἰς ἡμερότητα ἢ ἐξ ἑτέρας ἐνεργείας διαβόλου πρὸς ἀπάτην τούτων ὑποκοριζομένου τοῦ ζῴου.
hothen kai, hōs apo tinos akēkoa, ou monon klōsi tous artous en hois ho autos ophis eilēthē kai epididoasi tois lambanousin, alla kai hekastos aspazetai ton ophin ek stomatos, ētoi goēteią tini epąsthentos tou opheōs eis hēmerotēta ē ex heteras energeias diabolou pros apatēn toutōn hypokorizomenou tou zǭou.
Hence, as I have heard from someone, they not only break the loaves in which the snake has coiled and distribute them to those who receive them, but each one also kisses the snake on the mouth, the snake having been charmed into tameness by some sorcery, or the creature being made gentle by some other working of the devil for their deception.
Notes and citation
Summary: They share the bread and kiss the snake.
- Epiphanius says this is hearsay.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.5.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:57–58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-5-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.5.8Holl GCS 25/31:58
προσκυνοῦσι δὲ τὸν τοιοῦτον καὶ εὐχαριστίαν ταύτην ἐπιφημίζουσι τὴν δί αὐτοῦ ἐνειληθέντος γεγενημένην καὶ αὐθις δί αὐτοῦ, ὥς φασι, τῷ ἄνω Πατρὶ ὕμνον ἀναπέμποντες οὕτως τὰ μυστήρια αὐτῶν ἐπιτελοῦσι.
proskynousi de ton toiouton kai eucharistian tautēn epiphēmizousi tēn di autou eneilēthentos gegenēmenēn kai authis di autou, hōs phasi, tǭ anō Patri hymnon anapempontes houtōs ta mystēria autōn epitelousi.
And they worship such a creature and call this 'eucharist', which was performed by its coiling; and again through it, as they say, sending up a hymn to the Father above, they thus complete their mysteries.
Notes and citation
Summary: They call this rite their eucharist.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.5.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-5-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 37, chapter 6
37.6.1Holl GCS 25/31:58
6. Μωρίαν δὲ εἴποι τις ἂν καὶ χλεύης ἔμπλεον <τοῦτο>· καὶ οὔτε ἀνατροπῆς ἀπὸ θείας γραφῆς ἐπιζητουμένης δεήσει τοῦτο, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸ καθʼ ἑαυτὸ τῷ τὸν νοῦν ἔχοντι ἐρρωμένον κατὰ θεὸν γελοιῶδες δειχθήσεται. εὐθὺς γὰρ πᾶσα ἡ αὐτῶν κενοφωνία ληρώδης τις εὑρεθήσεται. εἰ γὰρ Προύνικόν φασιν εἶναι, πῶς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος οὐ τὸ σαθρὸν τῆς διανοίας αὐτῶν φωραθήσεται, ὡς ἤδη προεῖπον; πᾶν γὰρ τὸ προυνικευόμενον ἄχρηστον· εἰ δὲ ἄχρηστον, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς προκριτέοις τακτέον. καὶ πῶς ἐπαινετὸν εἴη τὸ ἄχρηστον;
6. Mōrian de eipoi tis an kai chleuēs empleon <touto>; kai oute anatropēs apo theias graphēs epizētoumenēs deēsei touto, allʼ auto kathʼ heauto tǭ ton noun echonti errōmenon kata theon geloiōdes deichthēsetai. euthys gar pasa hē autōn kenophōnia lērōdēs tis heurethēsetai. ei gar Prounikon phasin einai, pōs apʼ autou tou onomatos ou to sathron tēs dianoias autōn phōrathēsetai, hōs ēdē proeipon? pan gar to prounikeuomenon achrēston; ei de achrēston, ouk en tois prokriteois takteon. kai pōs epaineton eiē to achrēston?
One might call this folly and full of mockery; and it will need no refutation sought from divine Scripture, but by itself it will be shown ridiculous to anyone whose mind is strong in God. For at once all their empty babble will be found nonsensical. For if they say there is a Prunicus, how will the unsoundness of their thinking not be caught from the very name, as I said before? For everything that is 'prunicized' is useless; and if useless, it is not to be ranked among things preferred. And how could the useless be praiseworthy?
Notes and citation
Summary: The very name Prunicus ('lewd') shows the absurdity.
- Προύνικος was taken to mean 'lewd' or 'wanton'; Epiphanius explained the word under an earlier heresy. There is no section 37.6.2 in the digital text; this section runs on.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Stray mark and OCR slip.): | εἰ γὰρφ → εἰ γὰρ.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.6.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.6.3Holl GCS 25/31:58
πῶς δὲ οὐχὶ μυθῶδες τὸ λέγειν ὅτι ἡ Προύνικος τὸν Ἰαλδαβαὼθ ἐκένωσε καὶ ὁ σπινθὴρ εἰς τὰ κάτω κατῆλθεν ἀπὸ τοῦ κενωθέντος, ἐν δὲ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ γεγονὼς ἐπέγνω τὸν ἀνώτερον τοῦ κεκενωμένου;
pōs de ouchi mythōdes to legein hoti hē Prounikos ton Ialdabaōth ekenōse kai ho spinthēr eis ta katō katēlthen apo tou kenōthentos, en de tǭ anthrōpǭ gegonōs epegnō ton anōteron tou kekenōmenou?
And how is it not mythical to say that Prunicus emptied Ialdabaoth, and the spark came down from the one who was emptied, and, coming to be in man, recognized the one higher than him who was emptied?
Notes and citation
Summary: The spark story is myth.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.; Word split by a line-end hyphen.): Ἰαλ- δαβαὼθ → Ἰαλδαβαὼθ; ἐπέγων → ἐπέγνω.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.6.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.6.4Holl GCS 25/31:58
καὶ θαῦμα μέγιστον, ὡς ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ἐν ᾠ ὁ ἐλάχιστος σπινθήρ, ἐπιγινώσκει ὑπὲρ τοὺς πεπλακότας ἀγγέλους. οἱ γὰρ πεποιηκότες τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἄγγελοι εἴτουν υἱοὶ τοῦ Ἰαλδαβαὼθ οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν τὰ ἐπάνω τοῦ Ἰαλδαβαώθ, ὁ δὲ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν γεγενημένος διὰ τοῦ σπινθῆρος ἐπέγνω.
kai thauma megiston, hōs ho anthrōpos, en ǭ ho elachistos spinthēr, epiginōskei hyper tous peplakotas angelous. hoi gar pepoiēkotes ton anthrōpon angeloi eitoun huioi tou Ialdabaōth ouk epegnōsan ta epanō tou Ialdabaōth, ho de hypʼ autōn gegenēmenos dia tou spinthēros epegnō.
And a very great marvel it is that man, in whom there is the smallest spark, knows more than the angels who formed him. For the angels who made man, that is, the sons of Ialdabaoth, did not recognize the things above Ialdabaoth, but the one they made recognized them through the spark.
Notes and citation
Summary: It is absurd that the creature knows more than its makers.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): τοῦ αλδαβαώθ → τοῦ Ἰαλδαβαώθ.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.6.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.6.5Holl GCS 25/31:58
αὐτοὶ τοίνυν ἑαυτοὺς ἀνατρέπουσι διὰ τῶν ἰδίων δογμάτων, πῆ μὲν τὸν ὄφιν δοξάζοντες, πῆ δὲ ἀπατηλὸν αὐτὸν πρὸς τὴν Εὔαν γεγενημένον φάσκοντες ἐν τῷ εἰπεῖν ἠπάτησε τὴν Εὔαν«·
autoi toinyn heautous anatrepousi dia tōn idiōn dogmatōn, pē men ton ophin doxazontes, pē de apatēlon auton pros tēn Euan gegenēmenon phaskontes en tǭ eipein ēpatēse tēn Euan«;
They overturn themselves, then, by their own doctrines, on the one hand glorifying the snake, on the other saying that it was deceitful toward Eve, when they say, 'he deceived Eve';
Notes and citation
Summary: They both praise the snake and call it a deceiver.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.6.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.6.6Holl GCS 25/31:58
καὶ πῆ μὲν Χριστὸν αὐτὸν καταγγέλλουσι, πῆ δὲ υἱὸν τοῦ ανωτέρου Ἰαλδαβαὼθ τοῦ τοὺς υἱοὺς ἀδικήσαντος ἐν τῷ ἀποκλεῖσαι ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τὴν > ἄνω γνῶσιν καὶ τὴν Μητέρα ἀθετήσαντος καὶ τὸν ἄνω Πατέρα, εἰς τὸ μὴ ἐᾶν δοξάζειν τοὺς ὑπ αὐτοῦ γεγενημένους υἱοὺς τὸν ἀνώτερον αὐτοῦ Πατέρα.
kai pē men Christon auton katangellousi, pē de huion tou anōterou Ialdabaōth tou tous huious adikēsantos en tǭ apokleisai apʼ autōn tēn > anō gnōsin kai tēn Mētera athetēsantos kai ton anō Patera, eis to mē ean doxazein tous hyp autou gegenēmenous huious ton anōteron autou Patera.
and on the one hand proclaiming it Christ, on the other the son of the higher Ialdabaoth, who wronged his sons by shutting them off from the knowledge above and rejected the Mother and the Father above, so as not to let the sons born of him glorify the Father higher than him.
Notes and citation
Summary: They make the snake both Christ and Ialdabaoth's son.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.6.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.6.7Holl GCS 25/31:58–59
πῶς οὖν βασιλεὺς ἐπουράνιος ὁ ὄφις, εἴπερ κατὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐγήγερται; πῶς δὲ εἰ τὴν γνῶσιν δίδωσιν, ἐν ἀπάτῃ καταγγέλλεται ἠπατηκέναι τὴν Εὔαν; ὁ δὲ δί ἀπάτης γνῶσιν ἐντιθεὶς οὐκέτι γνῶσιν δίδωσιν, ἀλλὰ ἀντὶ γνώσεως ἀγνωσίαν, ὡς καὶ ἀληθῶς ἔστιν ἰδεῖν ὅτι τοῦτο ἐν αὐτοῖς τελειοῦται. ἀγνωσίαν γὰρ ἔχοντες γνῶσιν ταύτην νομίζουσιν, ἐν τούτῳ ἀληθεύοντες ἐν τῷ τὴν ἑαυτῶν γνῶσιν ἀπάτην καὶ ἀγνωσίαν λέγειν.
pōs oun basileus epouranios ho ophis, eiper kata tou Patros egēgertai? pōs de ei tēn gnōsin didōsin, en apatę̄ katangelletai ēpatēkenai tēn Euan? ho de di apatēs gnōsin entitheis ouketi gnōsin didōsin, alla anti gnōseōs agnōsian, hōs kai alēthōs estin idein hoti touto en autois teleioutai. agnōsian gar echontes gnōsin tautēn nomizousin, en toutǭ alētheuontes en tǭ tēn heautōn gnōsin apatēn kai agnōsian legein.
How then is the snake a heavenly king, if it has risen up against the Father? And how, if it gives knowledge, is it proclaimed to have deceived Eve by deception? One who implants knowledge by deception no longer gives knowledge, but ignorance instead of knowledge; as one can truly see this fulfilled in them. For having ignorance they think it knowledge, telling the truth in this one thing, when they call their own knowledge deception and ignorance.
Notes and citation
Summary: Knowledge given by deceit is ignorance.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.6.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:58–59; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-6-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 37, chapter 7
37.7.1Holl GCS 25/31:59
7. Φέρουσι δὲ καὶ ἄλλας μαρτυρίας λέγοντες ὅτι καὶ Μωυσῆς έν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τὸν ὄφιν τὸν χαλκοῦν ὕψωσε προστησάμενος, ἴνα ἴαμα τοῖς ὑπὸ ὄφεως δακνομένοις γένηται. εἶναι γὰρ τοῦτο τὸ εἶδος ἰατικὸν τοῦ δήγματος λέγουσι. πάλιν δὲ καθʼ ἑαυτῶν ταῦτα ὁρίζονται.
7. Pherousi de kai allas martyrias legontes hoti kai Mōysēs en tę̄ erēmǭ ton ophin ton chalkoun hypsōse prostēsamenos, ina iama tois hypo opheōs daknomenois genētai. einai gar touto to eidos iatikon tou dēgmatos legousi. palin de kathʼ heautōn tauta horizontai.
They also bring other testimonies, saying that Moses too in the desert lifted up the bronze snake and set it up, so that it might be a cure for those bitten by snakes; for they say this figure healed the bite. But again they define these things against themselves.
Num 21:9 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They cite the bronze serpent of Numbers 21.
- Num 21:8–9.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.7.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:59; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.7.2Holl GCS 25/31:59
εἰ γὰρ ὄφεων ἠν τὰ δήγματα, βλαβερὰ δὲ ταῦτα, ἄρα ὁ ὄφις οὐκ ἀγαθός. τὸ δε ὑψωθὲν ὑπὸ Μωυσέως τότε διὰ τῆς θεωρίας τὴν ἴασιν ἐποιεῖτο, οὐ διὰ τὴν τοῦ ὄφεως φύσιν ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ εὐδοκίαν, διʼ ὄφεως ὥσπερ ἀντίδοτον τοῖς τότε δεδηγμένοις ἐργαζομένου.
ei gar opheōn ēn ta dēgmata, blabera de tauta, ara ho ophis ouk agathos. to de hypsōthen hypo Mōyseōs tote dia tēs theōrias tēn iasin epoieito, ou dia tēn tou opheōs physin alla tēn tou theou eudokian, diʼ opheōs hōsper antidoton tois tote dedēgmenois ergazomenou.
For if the bites were from snakes, and these were harmful, then the snake is not good. And what Moses lifted up then brought healing through being looked at, not because of the snake's nature but because of God's good pleasure, who worked through a snake an antidote, as it were, for those then bitten.
Num 21:8 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The healing came from God, not from the snake's nature.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.7.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:59; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.7.3Holl GCS 25/31:59
οὐδὲν δὲ θαυμαστὸν εἰ διʼ ὡν τις ἐβλάβη, διὰ τούτων θεραπείας ἔτυχεν· καὶ μή τις κακιζέτω τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ κτίσιν, ὡς ἄλλοι πλανώμενοι πάλιν λέγουσι.
ouden de thaumaston ei diʼ hōn tis eblabē, dia toutōn therapeias etychen; kai mē tis kakizetō tēn tou theou ktisin, hōs alloi planōmenoi palin legousi.
It is nothing remarkable if someone obtained healing through the things by which he was harmed; and let no one disparage God's creation, as others in error say again.
Notes and citation
Summary: Healing by like means does not make creation evil.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.7.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:59; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.7.4Holl GCS 25/31:59
προετυποῦτο δὲ τοῦτο τοῖς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ διὰ τὴν αἰτίαν, ἣν ἐλθὼν ὁ κύριος λέγει ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ ὅτι »ὡς ὕψωσε Μωυσῆς τὸν ὄφιν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οὕτως ὑψωθῆναι δεῖ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου«, ὃ καὶ γέγονεν.
proetypouto de touto tois en tę̄ erēmǭ dia tēn aitian, hēn elthōn ho kyrios legei en tǭ euangeliǭ hoti »hōs hypsōse Mōysēs ton ophin en tę̄ erēmǭ, houtōs hypsōthēnai dei ton huion tou anthrōpou«, ho kai gegonen.
This was prefigured for those in the desert for the reason which the Lord, when he came, states in the Gospel: 'As Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so must the Son of Man be lifted up'; which also came to pass.
John 3:14 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The bronze serpent prefigured the cross.
- John 3:14.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.7.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:59; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.7.5Holl GCS 25/31:59
δίκην γὰρ ὄφεως ἀτιμάσαντες τὸν σωτῆρα ἀπὸ ἐπιβουλῆς τῆς τοῦ ὄφεως ἠδικοῦντο, φημὶ δὲ τοῦ διαβόλου. καὶ καθάπερ ἐν τῷ ὑψώματι τοῦ ὄφεως ἴασις ἐγίνετο τοῖς δεδηγμένοις, οὕτως ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ Χριστοῦ σταυρώσει λύτρα γέγονε ταῖς ἡμῶν ψυχαῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν ἡμῖν γενομένων δηγμάτων τῆς ἁμαρτίας.
dikēn gar opheōs atimasantes ton sōtēra apo epiboulēs tēs tou opheōs ēdikounto, phēmi de tou diabolou. kai kathaper en tǭ hypsōmati tou opheōs iasis egineto tois dedēgmenois, houtōs epi tę̄ tou Christou staurōsei lytra gegone tais hēmōn psychais apo tōn en hēmin genomenōn dēgmatōn tēs hamartias.
For having dishonored the Savior like a snake, they were wronged by the plot of the snake, I mean the devil. And just as at the lifting up of the snake healing came to those bitten, so at the crucifixion of Christ a ransom came about for our souls from the bites of sin that had come upon us.
John 3:14 (allusion, high confidence) · Mark 10:45 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The cross heals the bites of sin.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Repeated word.): ἀπὸ ἀπὸ ἐπιβουλῆς → ἀπὸ ἐπιβουλῆς.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.7.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:59; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.7.6Holl GCS 25/31:59–60
φέρουσι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο τὸ ῥητὸν πρὸς μαρτυρίαν οἱ αὐτοὶ λέγοντες ὅτι οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὡς εἶπεν ὁ σωτήρ, ὃν τρόπον ὕψωσε Μωυσῆς τὸν ὄφιν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οὕτως ὑψωθῆναι δεῖ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου; καὶ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν ἄλλῳ τόπῳ, φασί, λέγει ὅτι »γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς ὁ ὄφις καὶ ἀκέραιοι ὡς ἡ περιστερά‘. καὶ τὰ εἰς σύμβολα διδασκαλίας ἡμῖν ἐκ θεοῦ καλῶς τεταγμένα οὑτοι εἰς τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἐπίνοιαν τὴν ἠπατημένην φέρουσιν.
pherousi de kai auto touto to rhēton pros martyrian hoi autoi legontes hoti ouch horąs hōs eipen ho sōtēr, hon tropon hypsōse Mōysēs ton ophin en tę̄ erēmǭ, houtōs hypsōthēnai dei ton huion tou anthrōpou? kai dia touto kai en allǭ topǭ, phasi, legei hoti »ginesthe phronimoi hōs ho ophis kai akeraioi hōs hē peristera‘. kai ta eis symbola didaskalias hēmin ek theou kalōs tetagmena houtoi eis tēn heautōn epinoian tēn ēpatēmenēn pherousin.
The same people bring this very text as testimony, saying: 'Do you not see how the Savior said, "As Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so must the Son of Man be lifted up"? And for this reason,' they say, 'he also says in another place, "Be wise as the snake and innocent as the dove."' And things well ordained for us by God as symbols of teaching they carry off into their own deceived notion.
John 3:14 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 10:16 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They twist John 3:14 and Matt 10:16.
- John 3:14; Matt 10:16.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Word split by a line-end hyphen.): φέ- ρουσι → φέρουσι.
Topics: Heresy, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.7.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:59–60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 37, chapter 8
37.8.1Holl GCS 25/31:60
8. Ὁ γὰρ κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς καὶ θεὸς Λόγος, ὁ ἐκ πατρὸς πρὸ πάντων τῶν αἰώνων ἀνάρχως καὶ ἀχρόνως γεννηθείς, οὐκ ὄφις (μὴ γένοιτο), ἀλλὰ κατὰ τοῦ ὄφεως αὐτὸς ἠλθεν.
8. Ho gar kyrios hēmōn Iēsous Christos kai theos Logos, ho ek patros pro pantōn tōn aiōnōn anarchōs kai achronōs gennētheis, ouk ophis (mē genoito), alla kata tou opheōs autos ēlthen.
For our Lord Jesus Christ and God the Word, begotten of the Father before all ages without beginning and without time, is not a snake, God forbid; rather, he himself came against the snake.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ, the eternal Word, came against the snake.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.8.2Holl GCS 25/31:60
ἐὰν δὲ εἴπῃ »γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς ὁ ὄφις καὶ ἀκέραιοι ὡς ἡ περιστερά«, δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἐρωτᾶν καὶ γινώσκειν διὰ τί τὰ δύο ταῦτα πρόσωπα ἡμῖν εἰς διδασκαλίαν παρεισήγαγεν, τῆς τε περιστερᾶς καὶ τοῦ ὄφεως.
ean de eipę̄ »ginesthe phronimoi hōs ho ophis kai akeraioi hōs hē peristera«, dei hēmas erōtan kai ginōskein dia ti ta dyo tauta prosōpa hēmin eis didaskalian pareisēgagen, tēs te peristeras kai tou opheōs.
And if he says, 'Be wise as the snake and innocent as the dove,' we must ask and learn why he brought these two figures, the dove and the snake, before us for instruction.
Matt 10:16 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Why Christ used the snake and dove as examples.
- Matt 10:16.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.8.3Holl GCS 25/31:60
οὐδὲν δὲ ἐν τῷ ὄφει φρόνιμον, πλὴν <τῶν> δύο τούτων, ὅτι ἐν τῷ γινώσκων ὅτι ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ αὐτοῦ ἡ πᾶσα ζωὴ αὐτοῦ τυγχάνει καὶ δεδιὼς τὴν ἀνωτέρω πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰρημένην ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον προσταγὴν ὅτι »φυλάξεις αὐτοῦ κεφαλήν, αὐτὸς δέ σου πτέρναν«, ὅλον τὸ σῶμα ἐνειλήσας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ κρύπτει μὲν τὸ κρανίον ἓαυτοῦ, παραδίδωσι δὲ τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα ἐν ὑπερβολῇ πανουργίας.
ouden de en tǭ ophei phronimon, plēn <tōn> dyo toutōn, hoti en tǭ ginōskōn hoti en tę̄ kephalę̄ autou hē pasa zōē autou tynchanei kai dediōs tēn anōterō pros auton eirēmenēn apo tou theou dia ton anthrōpon prostagēn hoti »phylaxeis autou kephalēn, autos de sou pternan«, holon to sōma eneilēsas epi tēn kephalēn autou kryptei men to kranion heautou, paradidōsi de to allo sōma en hyperbolę̄ panourgias.
There is nothing wise in the snake except these two things. First, knowing that its whole life is in its head, and fearing the command spoken against it by God above for man's sake, 'You shall watch for his head, and he for your heel,' it coils its whole body over its head and hides its skull, but gives up the rest of its body, with surpassing cunning.
Gen 3:15 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The snake protects its head at all costs.
- Gen 3:15, in a form close to the LXX. The animal lore is traditional (cf. the Physiologus).
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.8.4Holl GCS 25/31:60–61
οὕτω θέλει ἡμᾶς ὁ μονογενὴς θεὸς ὁ ἐκ πατρὸς προελθὼν ἐν καιρῷ διωγμοῦ καὶ ἐν καιρῷ πειρασμοῦ τὰ πάντα ἡμῶν παραδιδόναι μαχαίρᾳ τε καὶ πυρί, φυλάττειν δὲ ἑαυτῶν τὴν κεφαλήν, τουτέστιν Χριστὸν μὴ ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἐπειδήπερ κεφαλὴ παντὸς ἀνθρώπου Χριστός, κεφαλὴ δὲ γυναικὸς ὁ ἀνήρ, κεφαλὴ δὲ Χριστοῦ ὁ θεός«, κατὰ τὸν ἀπόστολον.
houtō thelei hēmas ho monogenēs theos ho ek patros proelthōn en kairǭ diōgmou kai en kairǭ peirasmou ta panta hēmōn paradidonai machairą te kai pyri, phylattein de heautōn tēn kephalēn, toutestin Christon mē arneisthai, epeidēper kephalē pantos anthrōpou Christos, kephalē de gynaikos ho anēr, kephalē de Christou ho theos«, kata ton apostolon.
So the only-begotten God, who came forth from the Father, wants us in time of persecution and time of temptation to give up all we have to sword and fire, but to guard our head, that is, not to deny Christ; since 'the head of every man is Christ, and the head of a woman is the man, and the head of Christ is God,' according to the apostle.
1 Cor 11:3 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 10:33 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: In persecution, guard your 'head': do not deny Christ.
- 1 Cor 11:3.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): ὀρνεῖσθαι → ἀρνεῖσθαι.
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:60–61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.8.5Holl GCS 25/31:61
ἕτερον πάλιν ἔχει φρονιμότητος ὁ ὄφις, ὥς φασιν οἱ φυσιολόγοι περὶ τούτου τοῦ ζῴου. ὅταν γὰρ διψήσας ἀπὸ τοῦ φωλεοῦ προέλθοι ἐπί τι ὕδωρ ἵνα πίῃ, οὐ συμπαραλαμβάνει τὸν ἰὸν μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἐν τῷ φωλεῷ καταλιμπάνει καὶ οὕτως ἐλθὼν λαμβάνει τὸ πόμα τῶν ὑδάτων.
heteron palin echei phronimotētos ho ophis, hōs phasin hoi physiologoi peri toutou tou zǭou. hotan gar dipsēsas apo tou phōleou proelthoi epi ti hydōr hina pię̄, ou symparalambanei ton ion methʼ heautou, alla en tǭ phōleǭ katalimpanei kai houtōs elthōn lambanei to poma tōn hydatōn.
The snake has another point of wisdom, as the natural historians say about this creature. When it is thirsty and comes out of its den to some water to drink, it does not take its venom with it but leaves it in the den, and so comes and takes its drink of the waters.
Notes and citation
Summary: The snake leaves its venom behind to drink.
- Traditional animal lore, also in the Physiologus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Repeated syllables in the OCR.): συμπαραλαμβάνει λαμβάνει → συμπαραλαμβάνει.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.8.6Holl GCS 25/31:61
καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐν τοῦτο μιμησώμεθα, ἵνα, ὅταν ἐρχώμεθα ἐπὶ τὴν ἁγίαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκλησίαν ἢ εἰς εὐχὴν ἢ εἰς τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ μυστήρια, μὴ φέρωμεν μεθʼ ἑαυτῶν κακίαν ἢ ἡδονὴν ἢ ἐπιθυμίαν ἢ ἔχθραν ἤ τι ἕτερον ἐν ταῖς διανοίαις αὑτῶν.
kai autoi oun touto mimēsōmetha, hina, hotan erchōmetha epi tēn hagian tou theou ekklēsian ē eis euchēn ē eis ta tou theou mystēria, mē pherōmen methʼ heautōn kakian ē hēdonēn ē epithymian ē echthran ē ti heteron en tais dianoiais hautōn.
Let us imitate this too, so that when we come to the holy church of God, whether for prayer or for the mysteries of God, we do not bring with us malice or pleasure or desire or enmity or anything else in our minds.
Matt 5:23 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Leave malice behind when coming to church and the sacraments.
- Cf. Matt 5:23–24.
Topics: Prayer, Eucharist, Ethics
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.8.7Holl GCS 25/31:61
ἐπεὶ πῶς ἂν καὶ τὴν περιστερὰν μιμήσασθαι δυνηθείημεν, μὴ ἐκτὸς γενόμενοι κακίας, καίτοι γε τοῦ γένους τῆς περιστερᾶς έν πολλοῖς πράγμασιν οὐκ ἐπαινουμένου;
epei pōs an kai tēn peristeran mimēsasthai dynētheiēmen, mē ektos genomenoi kakias, kaitoi ge tou genous tēs peristeras en pollois pragmasin ouk epainoumenou?
Otherwise how could we imitate the dove, unless we have become free of malice, although the dove's kind is not praised in many respects?
Notes and citation
Summary: The dove is imitated only in its innocence.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.8.8Holl GCS 25/31:61
ἀκόλαστον γὰρ γένος περιστερᾶς καὶ πολυμιξίας μὴ ἀνακοπτόμενον, λάγνον τε καὶ καθʼ ὥραν ἡδονῇ προσανακείμενον, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἄτονον καὶ βληχρόν.
akolaston gar genos peristeras kai polymixias mē anakoptomenon, lagnon te kai kathʼ hōran hēdonę̄ prosanakeimenon, pros de toutois atonon kai blēchron.
For the dove's kind is licentious and unchecked in its many matings, lustful and given to pleasure in season, and besides this feeble and sluggish.
Notes and citation
Summary: The dove has faults too.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.8.9Holl GCS 25/31:61
διὰ δὲ τὸ ἄκακον καὶ μακρόθυμον καὶ ἀμνησίκακον τοῦ ζῴου, ἔτι μὴν καὶ διὰ τὸ ἐν εἴδει περιστερᾶς πεφάνθαι τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, μιμήσασθαι ἡμᾶς βούλεται ὁ θεῖος λόγος τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος τὴν βούλησιν καὶ τῆς ἀκάκου περιστερᾶς τὴν ἀκακίαν, ὄντας μὲν ἡμᾶς φρονίμους εἰς τὸ ἀγαθόν, ἀκεραίους δὲ εἰς τὸ κακόν. καὶ λέλυται ἡ τούτων πᾶσα δραματουργία.
dia de to akakon kai makrothymon kai amnēsikakon tou zǭou, eti mēn kai dia to en eidei peristeras pephanthai to hagion pneuma, mimēsasthai hēmas bouletai ho theios logos tou hagiou pneumatos tēn boulēsin kai tēs akakou peristeras tēn akakian, ontas men hēmas phronimous eis to agathon, akeraious de eis to kakon. kai lelytai hē toutōn pasa dramatourgia.
But because of the creature's harmlessness, patience, and freedom from resentment, and further because the Holy Spirit appeared in the form of a dove, the divine word wants us to imitate the will of the Holy Spirit and the innocence of the innocent dove, being wise for good and innocent toward evil. And their whole stage-play is dissolved.
Matt 3:16 (allusion, high confidence) · Rom 16:19 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: We imitate the dove's innocence and the Spirit's will.
- Matt 3:16; Rom 16:19.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): παριστερᾶς → περιστερᾶς.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.8.10Holl GCS 25/31:61
εὐθὺς γὰρ ὁ ἅγιος ἀπόστολος κατʼ ἄλλου τινὸς τὸ πανοῦργον καὶ ἐπίβουλον οὐχ ὁρίζεται περισσοτέρως ἀλλὰ κατὰ τοῦ διαβόλου καὶ τοῦ ὄφεως, λέγων »φοβοῦμαι δὲ μή πως ὡς ὁ ὄφις ἠπάτησεν Εὔαν ἐν τῇ πανουργίᾶ αὐτοῦ, φθαρῇ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἁπλότητος καὶ ἁγνείας Χριστοῦ καὶ δικαιοσύνης‘.
euthys gar ho hagios apostolos katʼ allou tinos to panourgon kai epiboulon ouch horizetai perissoterōs alla kata tou diabolou kai tou opheōs, legōn »phoboumai de mē pōs hōs ho ophis ēpatēsen Euan en tę̄ panourgia autou, phtharę̄ ta noēmata hymōn apo tēs haplotētos kai hagneias Christou kai dikaiosynēs‘.
For the holy apostle at once defines cunning and treachery as belonging to no one else so much as to the devil and the snake, saying, 'But I fear that, as the snake deceived Eve by its cunning, your minds may be corrupted from the simplicity and purity of Christ and righteousness.'
2 Cor 11:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul ascribes cunning to the snake and the devil.
- 2 Cor 11:3, with 'and righteousness' added.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:61; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.8.11Holl GCS 25/31:61–62
ὁρᾷς ὡς φθορὰν ἀπέφηνεν ὁ ἀπόστολος καὶ πανουργίαν δεινὴν καὶ ἀπάτην τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄφεως πρὸς τὴν Εὔαν πεπραγματευμένα καὶ οὐκ ἐπαινετόν τι παρὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ γεγενημένον ὑπέδειξε.
horąs hōs phthoran apephēnen ho apostolos kai panourgian deinēn kai apatēn ta hypo tou opheōs pros tēn Euan pepragmateumena kai ouk epaineton ti para tou autou gegenēmenon hypedeixe.
You see how the apostle declared what the snake did toward Eve to be corruption, dreadful cunning, and deception, and showed nothing praiseworthy done by it.
2 Cor 11:3 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul shows the snake's deed was wholly evil.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.8.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:61–62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-8-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 37, chapter 9
37.9.1Holl GCS 25/31:62
9. Πανταχόθεν τοίνυν φωρατὴ καὶ ἔκδηλος ἡ τούτων ἄνοιά ἐστι παντὶ τῷ βουλομένῳ εἰδέναι τὴν τῆς ἀληθείας διδασκαλίαν καὶ πνεύματος ἁγίου γνῶσιν.
9. Pantachothen toinyn phōratē kai ekdēlos hē toutōn anoia esti panti tǭ boulomenǭ eidenai tēn tēs alētheias didaskalian kai pneumatos hagiou gnōsin.
From every side, then, their folly is detected and plain to anyone who wishes to know the teaching of the truth and the knowledge of the Holy Spirit.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Ophites' folly is plain.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.9.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-9-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.9.2Holl GCS 25/31:62
ἵνα δὲ μὴ ἀναλίσκω χρόνον, καὶ ταύτην διαπλευσάμενος τὴν χαλεπὴν καὶ δύσπλουν τοῦ πελάγους ζάλην ἐπὶ τὰς ἑτέρας θαλαττίους ποντοπορείας τὸ σκάφος ὁπλίσομαι, ἐπιμελῶς τοὺς αὐχένας κρατῶν ἐν τῇ
hina de mē analiskō chronon, kai tautēn diapleusamenos tēn chalepēn kai dysploun tou pelagous zalēn epi tas heteras thalattious pontoporeias to skaphos hoplisomai, epimelōs tous auchenas kratōn en tę̄
So as not to spend time, having sailed through this difficult and hard-to-navigate squall of the sea, I will fit out my vessel for the other voyages across the sea, carefully holding the tillers in the
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius moves on, using a sea-voyage image.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.9.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-9-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.9.3Holl GCS 25/31:62
τοῦ θεοῦ δυνάμει καὶ εὐχαῖς ἁγίων, ὅπως παραπλέοντες κατοπτεύσωμεν τῶν ἀγρίων κυμάτων τὴν κύρτωσιν καὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς πελάγεσι θηρίων ἰοβόλων τὰς μορφάς, ἄπληκτοι δὲ ἀπὸ σμυραινώδους ἰοῦ καὶ τρυγόνος καὶ δρακαίνης καὶ καρχαρίου καὶ σκορπαίνης περᾶσαι καὶ τοῦ εὐδίου τῆς ἀληθείας λιμένος διʼ εὐχῆς καὶ ἱκεσίας ἐπιτυχεῖν δυνηθείημεν,
tou theou dynamei kai euchais hagiōn, hopōs parapleontes katopteusōmen tōn agriōn kymatōn tēn kyrtōsin kai tōn en tois pelagesi thēriōn iobolōn tas morphas, aplēktoi de apo smyrainōdous iou kai trygonos kai drakainēs kai karchariou kai skorpainēs perasai kai tou eudiou tēs alētheias limenos diʼ euchēs kai hikesias epitychein dynētheiēmen,
power of God and the prayers of the saints, so that as we sail past we may observe the swelling of the wild waves and the shapes of the venomous beasts in the seas, and may be able to cross unstung by the venom of the moray, the stingray, the sea-dragon, the shark, and the scorpion-fish, and through prayer and supplication reach the calm harbor of the truth,
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius prays to pass the 'sea monsters' of heresy unharmed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): δυνάμειν → δυνάμει.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.9.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-9-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
37.9.4Holl GCS 25/31:62
πληρουμένου καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν τοῦ ῥητοῦ τοῦ »οἱ καταβαίνοντες εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν τὰς ἀρετὰς τοῦ κυρίου διηγήσονται«. ἐφʼ ἑτέραν τοίνυν ταύτης καθεξῆς τὴν πορείαν ποιήσομαι πρὸς διήγησιν.
plēroumenou kai en hēmin tou rhētou tou »hoi katabainontes eis tēn thalassan tas aretas tou kyriou diēgēsontai«. ephʼ heteran toinyn tautēs kathexēs tēn poreian poiēsomai pros diēgēsin.
so that in us too may be fulfilled the saying, 'Those who go down to the sea will tell the wondrous deeds of the Lord.' I will now make my way to another heresy, next in order after this one, to describe it.
Ps 107:23 (106:23 LXX) (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius applies Psalm 107 to his voyage and moves on.
- A free form of Ps 107:23–24 (LXX 106:23–24).
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 37.9.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-37-9-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 38, chapter 1
38.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:62
Καϊανοί τινες ὀνομάζονται ἀπὸ τοῦ Κάϊν εἰληφότες τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν τῆς αἱρέσεως. οὑτοι γὰρ τὸν Κάϊν ἐπαινοῦσι καὶ πατέρα ἑαυτῶν τοῦτον τάττουσι, καὶ αὐτοὶ ὡς εἰπεῖν ὡς ἀπὸ διαφορᾶς ἐπαναστάσεως κυμάτων ὁρμώμενοι, οὐκ ἔξω ὄντες τοῦ αὐτοῦ σάλου καὶ κλύδωνος, καὶ ὡς ἀπὸ ἀκανθώδους ὕλης προκύψαντες, οὐκ ἐκτὸς οντες παντὸς τοῦ σωροῦ τῶν ἀκανθῶν, εἰ καὶ διάφοροι τῷ ὀνόματί εἰσιν. ἀκανθῶν μὲν γὰρ γένη πολλά, ὅμως ἐν ἅπασι τὸ μοχθηρὸν τῆς κεντρώδους ἀδικίας ἔνεστιν.
Kaïanoi tines onomazontai apo tou Kaïn eilēphotes tēn epōnymian tēs haireseōs. houtoi gar ton Kaïn epainousi kai patera heautōn touton tattousi, kai autoi hōs eipein hōs apo diaphoras epanastaseōs kymatōn hormōmenoi, ouk exō ontes tou autou salou kai klydōnos, kai hōs apo akanthōdous hylēs prokypsantes, ouk ektos ontes pantos tou sōrou tōn akanthōn, ei kai diaphoroi tǭ onomati eisin. akanthōn men gar genē polla, homōs en hapasi to mochthēron tēs kentrōdous adikias enestin.
Some are called Cainites, having taken the name of their heresy from Cain. For these praise Cain and rank him as their father. They too, so to speak, set out as from a different upheaval of waves, yet are not outside the same surge and billow; and they have sprung up as from a thorny thicket, not outside the whole heap of thorns, even if they differ in name. For there are many kinds of thorns, yet in all is found the wickedness of stinging injustice.
Gen 4:1 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Cainites, named for Cain, are one more thorn from the same thicket.
- Heresy 38, the Cainites. Epiphanius's account depends on Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.31.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.31.1 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:62–63
Οὑτοί φασι τὸν Κάϊν ἐκ τῆς ἰσχυροτέρας δυνάμεως ὑπάρχειν καὶ τῆς ἄνωθεν αὐθεντίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν Ἠσαῦ καὶ τοὺς περὶ Κορὲ καὶ τοὺς Σοδομίτας, τὸν δὲ Ἄβελ ἐκ τῆς ἀσθενεστέρας δυνάμεως εἶναι·
Houtoi phasi ton Kaïn ek tēs ischyroteras dynameōs hyparchein kai tēs anōthen authentias, alla kai ton Ēsau kai tous peri Kore kai tous Sodomitas, ton de Abel ek tēs asthenesteras dynameōs einai;
These say that Cain is from the stronger power and from the authority above, and so are Esau, Korah's company, and the Sodomites; but that Abel is from the weaker power;
Gen 4:8 (allusion, medium confidence) · Num 16:1 (allusion, medium confidence) · Gen 19:4 (allusion, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They trace Cain, Esau, Korah, and Sodom to the stronger power.
- Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.31.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.31.1 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:62–63; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:63
* δὲ τούτους πάντας παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπαινετοὺς καὶ τῆς αὑτῶν συγγενείας. σεμνύνονται γὰρ συγγενεῖς εἶναι τοῦ Κάϊν καὶ τῶν Σοδομιτῶν καὶ Ἠσαῦ καὶ Κορέ. καὶ οὗτοι, φασίν, εἰσὶ τῆς τελείας καὶ ἄνωθεν γνώσεως.
* de toutous pantas parʼ autois epainetous kai tēs hautōn syngeneias. semnynontai gar syngeneis einai tou Kaïn kai tōn Sodomitōn kai Ēsau kai Kore. kai houtoi, phasin, eisi tēs teleias kai anōthen gnōseōs.
… all these are praiseworthy among them and of their own kindred. For they pride themselves on being kin to Cain, the Sodomites, Esau, and Korah. And these, they say, belong to the perfect knowledge from above.
Notes and citation
Summary: They claim kinship with the Bible's villains.
- The opening word is missing in the digital text.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.31.1 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:63; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:63
διὸ καὶ τὸν ποιητὴν τοῦ κόσμου τούτου φασὶ περὶ τὴν τούτων ἀνάλωσιν ἐσχολακότα μηδὲν δεδυνῆσθαι αὐτοὺς βλάψαι. ἐκρύβησαν γὰρ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ μετεβλήθησαν εἰς τὸν ἄνω αἰῶνα, ὅθεν ἡ ἰσχυρὰ δύναμίς ἐστι. πρὸς ἑαυτὴν γὰρ ἡ Σοφία αὐτοὺς προσήκατο, ἰδίους αὐτῆς ὄντας.
dio kai ton poiētēn tou kosmou toutou phasi peri tēn toutōn analōsin escholakota mēden dedynēsthai autous blapsai. ekrybēsan gar apʼ autou kai meteblēthēsan eis ton anō aiōna, hothen hē ischyra dynamis esti. pros heautēn gar hē Sophia autous prosēkato, idious autēs ontas.
Therefore they say that the maker of this world, though he busied himself with destroying them, could do them no harm. For they were hidden from him and transferred to the Aeon above, whence the strong power is; for Wisdom took them to herself, since they were her own.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Creator could not harm them, for Wisdom rescued them.
- Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.31.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.31.1 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:63; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:63
καὶ τούτου ἕνεκεν τὸν Ἰούδαν ἀκριβῶς τὰ περὶ τούτων ἐπεγνωκέναι λέγουσι. καὶ τοῦτον γὰρ θέλουσιν εἶναι συγγενῆ ἑαυτῶν καὶ ἐν γνώσεως ὑπερβολῇ τὸν αὐτὸν καταριθμοῦσιν, ὥστε καὶ συνταγμάτιόν τι φέρειν ἐξ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ, ὃ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Ἰούδα καλοῦσι.
kai toutou heneken ton Ioudan akribōs ta peri toutōn epegnōkenai legousi. kai touton gar thelousin einai syngenē heautōn kai en gnōseōs hyperbolę̄ ton auton katarithmousin, hōste kai syntagmation ti pherein ex onomatos autou, ho euangelion tou Iouda kalousi.
And for this reason they say that Judas knew all about these things precisely. For they want him too to be their kinsman and count him as surpassing in knowledge, so that they even carry about a little treatise in his name, which they call the Gospel of Judas.
Notes and citation
Summary: They honor Judas and use a 'Gospel of Judas'.
- Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.31.1. A Coptic Gospel of Judas, probably a later form of this work, was published in 2006. It has no entry in the site's list of extrabiblical texts.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.31.1 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion); Gos. Jud. (Gospel of Judas; allusion)
Topics: Heresy, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:63; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:63–64
καὶ ἄλλα τινὰ συγγράμματα ὡσαύτως πλάττονται κατὰ τῆς Ὑστέρας, ἣν Ὑστέραν τὸν ποιητὴν τοῦ παντὸς τούτου κύτους οὐρανοῦ τε καὶ γῆς καλοῦσι, καὶ μὴ δύνασθαί φασι ἄλλως σωθήσεσθαί τινας, ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πάντων χωρήσωσιν, ὡς καὶ ὁ Καρποκράτης λέγει.
kai alla tina syngrammata hōsautōs plattontai kata tēs Hysteras, hēn Hysteran ton poiētēn tou pantos toutou kytous ouranou te kai gēs kalousi, kai mē dynasthai phasi allōs sōthēsesthai tinas, ean mē dia pantōn chōrēsōsin, hōs kai ho Karpokratēs legei.
And likewise they fabricate some other writings against the Womb, the name they give to the maker of this whole vessel of heaven and earth; and they say that people cannot be saved otherwise unless they pass through all things, as Carpocrates also says.
Notes and citation
Summary: They write against the 'Womb' and teach salvation through experiencing everything.
- Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.31.2. Carpocrates: Panarion 27.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Word split by a line-end hyphen.): πλάττον- ται → πλάττονται.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.31.2 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:63–64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 38, chapter 2
38.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:64
2. Ἕκαστος γὰρ αὐτῶν δῆθεν, διὰ τὴν πρόφασιν ταύτην ἀρρητοποιῶν καὶ αἰσχρουργίας ἐπιτελῶν ἁμαρτήματά τε ὅσα ἔστιν πράττων, ἐπικαλεῖται ἑκάστου ἀγγέλου ὄνομα, τῶν τε ὄντων ἀγγέλων καὶ τῶν παρʼ αὐτοῖς πλαστῶς λεγομένων· καὶ ἑκάστῳ τούτων προσάπτει τι ἔργον ἀθέμιτον τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς ἁμαρτημάτων, τὴν πρᾶξιν τὴν ἰδίαν εἰς ονομα οὑ βούλεται ἀγγέλου ἀναφέρων.
2. Hekastos gar autōn dēthen, dia tēn prophasin tautēn arrētopoiōn kai aischrourgias epitelōn hamartēmata te hosa estin prattōn, epikaleitai hekastou angelou onoma, tōn te ontōn angelōn kai tōn parʼ autois plastōs legomenōn; kai hekastǭ toutōn prosaptei ti ergon athemiton tōn epi gēs hamartēmatōn, tēn praxin tēn idian eis onoma hou bouletai angelou anapherōn.
For each of them, supposedly on this pretext, doing unspeakable things, committing obscenities, and practicing every sin there is, invokes the name of each angel, both of the real angels and of those they have fictitiously named; and to each of them he attaches some lawless deed among the sins on earth, referring his own act to the name of whatever angel he wishes.
Notes and citation
Summary: They commit sins in the name of angels.
- Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.31.2. A hostile report.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.; Word split by a line-end hyphen and an OCR slip.): ἀρρητο- ποιῶν κοὶ → ἀρρητοποιῶν καὶ; τὴν ἐδίαν → τὴν ἰδίαν.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.31.2 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:64
καὶ ὅταν ταῦτα πράττωσιν, οὕτως λέγουσιν »ὁ δεῖνα ἄγγελε, καταχρῶμαί σου τὸ ἔργον· ἡ δεῖνα ἐξουσία, πράττω σου τὴν πρᾶξιν«.
kai hotan tauta prattōsin, houtōs legousin »ho deina angele, katachrōmai sou to ergon; hē deina exousia, prattō sou tēn praxin«.
And when they do these things they say: 'Angel so-and-so, I use your work; power so-and-so, I perform your deed.'
Notes and citation
Summary: Their formula when sinning.
- Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.31.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.31.2 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:64
καὶ τοῦτο γνῶσις τελεία παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐστι λεγόμενον, ἐπειδὴ ἀδεῶς ἐπὶ τὰς ἀθεμίτους αἰσχρουργίας ὁρμᾶν τὰς προφάσεις δῆθεν ἀπὸ τῶν προειρημένων μητέρων καὶ πατέρων αἱρέσεων, φημὶ <δὲ> Γνωστικῶν καὶ Νικολάου καὶ τῶν σὺν Οὐαλεντίνου τε καὶ Καρποκράτους, ἐσχήκασιν.
kai touto gnōsis teleia parʼ autois esti legomenon, epeidē adeōs epi tas athemitous aischrourgias horman tas prophaseis dēthen apo tōn proeirēmenōn mēterōn kai paterōn haireseōn, phēmi <de> Gnōstikōn kai Nikolaou kai tōn syn Oualentinou te kai Karpokratous, eschēkasin.
And this is called perfect knowledge among them, since they have got their pretexts for rushing fearlessly into lawless obscenities from the mother and father heresies mentioned before, I mean the Gnostics, Nicolaus, and the followers of Valentinus and Carpocrates.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their 'perfect knowledge' derives from earlier sects.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:64
Ἤδη δὲ ἦλθεν εἰς ἡμᾶς καὶ βιβλίον ἐν ᾧ ἐπλάσαντο ῥήματά τινα ἀνομίας πλήρη, οὕτως περιέχον, »ὅτι, φησίν, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ τὸν Μωυσέα τυφλώσας καὶ οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἄγγελοι οἱ τοὺς περὶ Κορὲ καὶ Δαθὰν καὶ Ἀβειρὼν κρύψαντες καὶ μεταστήσαντες«.
Ēdē de ēlthen eis hēmas kai biblion en hǭ eplasanto rhēmata tina anomias plērē, houtōs periechon, »hoti, phēsin, houtos estin ho angelos ho ton Mōysea typhlōsas kai houtoi eisin hoi angeloi hoi tous peri Kore kai Dathan kai Abeirōn krypsantes kai metastēsantes«.
A book has already come into our hands in which they have fabricated certain words full of lawlessness, containing the following: 'This,' it says, 'is the angel who blinded Moses, and these are the angels who hid Korah, Dathan, and Abiram and removed them.'
Num 16:32 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: A Cainite book reinterprets Moses and Korah.
- Num 16. The book is not otherwise identified.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): Πόη δὲ → Ἤδη δὲ.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:64–65
πάλιν δὲ ἄλλο συνταγμάτιον ἄλλοι πλάττουσιν ἐξ ὀνόματος Παύλου τοῦ ἀποστόλου, ἀρρητουργίας ἔμπλεον, ᾠ καὶ οἱ Γνωστικοὶ λεγόμενοι χρῶνται, ὃ Ἀναβατικὸν Παύλου καλοῦσι, τὴν πρόφασιν εὑρόντες ἀπὸ τοῦ λέγειν τὸν ἀπόστολον ἀναβεβηκέναι ἕως τρίτου οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀκηκοέναι ἄρρητα ῥήματα, ἃ οὐκ ἐξὸν ἀνθρώπῳ λαλῆσαι. καὶ ταῦτα, φασίν, ἐστὶ τὰ ἄρρητα ῥήματα.
palin de allo syntagmation alloi plattousin ex onomatos Paulou tou apostolou, arrētourgias empleon, ǭ kai hoi Gnōstikoi legomenoi chrōntai, ho Anabatikon Paulou kalousi, tēn prophasin heurontes apo tou legein ton apostolon anabebēkenai heōs tritou ouranou kai akēkoenai arrēta rhēmata, ha ouk exon anthrōpǭ lalēsai. kai tauta, phasin, esti ta arrēta rhēmata.
Others again fabricate another little treatise in the name of the apostle Paul, full of unspeakable things, which the so-called Gnostics also use; they call it the Ascent of Paul, finding their pretext in the apostle's saying that he ascended to the third heaven and heard unspeakable words which a man may not utter. And these, they say, are the unspeakable words.
2 Cor 12:2 (allusion, high confidence) · 2 Cor 12:4 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They use a forged 'Ascent of Paul'.
- 2 Cor 12:2–4. The Ascent (Anabatikon) of Paul is lost; it has no entry in the site's list of extrabiblical texts.
Topics: Heresy, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:64–65; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.2.6Holl GCS 25/31:65
διδάσκουσι δὲ ταῦτα καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα, τοὺς πονηροὺς τιμῶντες καὶ τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀπαγορεύοντες. εἶναι γάρ<φασιν> ὡς προεῖπον, τὸν Κάϊν τῆς ἰσχυροτέρας δυνάμεως καὶ τὸν Ἄβελ τῆς ἀσθενεστέρας. ταύτας δὲ τὰς δυνάμεις τῇ Εὔᾳ προσπλακείσας γεγεννηκέναι τὸν Κάϊν καὶ τὸν Ἄβελ, καὶ εἶναι τῆς μὲν τὸν Κάϊν τῆς δὲ τὸν Ἄβελ,
didaskousi de tauta kai ta toiauta, tous ponērous timōntes kai tous agathous apagoreuontes. einai gar<phasin> hōs proeipon, ton Kaïn tēs ischyroteras dynameōs kai ton Abel tēs asthenesteras. tautas de tas dynameis tę̄ Euą prosplakeisas gegennēkenai ton Kaïn kai ton Abel, kai einai tēs men ton Kaïn tēs de ton Abel,
They teach these and similar things, honoring the wicked and repudiating the good. For they say, as I said before, that Cain is of the stronger power and Abel of the weaker; and that these powers, having had intercourse with Eve, begot Cain and Abel, Cain belonging to the one and Abel to the other;
Gen 4:1 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Two powers fathered Cain and Abel on Eve.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.2.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:65; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.2.7Holl GCS 25/31:65
εἶναι δὲ <καὶ> τὸν Ἀδὰμ καὶ τὴν Εὔαν ἀπὸ τῶν τοιούτων δυνάμεων εἴτουν ἀγγέλων γεγεννημένους· καὶ τοὺς γεννηθέντας παῖδας, Κάϊν τέ φημι καὶ Ἄβελ, ἐρίσαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους καὶ τὸν γεγεννημένον ἀπὸ ἰσχυρᾶς δυνάμεως πεφονευκέναι τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ἥττονος δυνάμεως καὶ ἀσθενεστέρας.
einai de <kai> ton Adam kai tēn Euan apo tōn toioutōn dynameōn eitoun angelōn gegennēmenous; kai tous gennēthentas paidas, Kaïn te phēmi kai Abel, erisai pros allēlous kai ton gegennēmenon apo ischyras dynameōs pephoneukenai ton apo tēs hēttonos dynameōs kai asthenesteras.
and that Adam and Eve too were begotten by such powers or angels; and that the children born, Cain and Abel, quarreled with each other, and the one begotten of the strong power killed the one from the lesser and weaker power.
Gen 4:8 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Cain's murder of Abel is the victory of the stronger power.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Words run together.): τοιούτωνδυνάμεων → τοιούτων δυνάμεων.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.2.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:65; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 38, chapter 3
38.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:65
3. Τὰ δὲ αὐτὰ μυθώδη καὶ οὑτοι παραπλέκουσι τῇ περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν δηλητηρίων τῆς ἀγνωσίας δόσει, τοῖς πειθομένοις ἐπιβουλεύοντες ὅτι δεῖ πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἑαυτῷ ἑλέσθαι τὴν ἰσχυροτέραν δύναμιν καὶ τῆς ἥττονος καὶ ἀτόνου ἀποχωρίζεσθαι, τουτέστιν τῆς τὸν οὐρανὸν ποιησάσης καὶ τὴν σάρκα καὶ τὸν κόσμον, καὶ ὑπερβαίνειν εἰς τὰ ἀνώτατα διὰ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ σταυρώσεως.
3. Ta de auta mythōdē kai houtoi paraplekousi tę̄ peri tōn autōn dēlētēriōn tēs agnōsias dosei, tois peithomenois epibouleuontes hoti dei panta anthrōpon heautǭ helesthai tēn ischyroteran dynamin kai tēs hēttonos kai atonou apochōrizesthai, toutestin tēs ton ouranon poiēsasēs kai tēn sarka kai ton kosmon, kai hyperbainein eis ta anōtata dia tēs tou Christou staurōseōs.
These too weave the same myths into their dose of the poisons of ignorance, plotting against those who believe them: that every man must choose for himself the stronger power and separate himself from the lesser and feeble one, that is, the one that made heaven, the flesh, and the world, and pass over to the highest things through the crucifixion of Christ.
Notes and citation
Summary: They urge choosing the stronger power and rejecting the Creator.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slips.; Word split by a line-end hyphen.): ἐπιβουλεύ- οντες → ἐπιβουλεύοντες; τὴν ἐσχυροτέρον → τὴν ἰσχυροτέραν.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:65; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:65
διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο, φασίν, ἡλθεν ἄνωθεν, ἵνα ἐν αὐτῷ ἐνεργηθῇ δύναμις ἰσχυρά, κατὰ τῆς ἀσθενεστέρας δυνάμεως τὸ τρόπαιον λαβοῦσα καὶ τὸ σῶμα παραδοῦσα. καὶ οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν τοῦτο λέγουσιν, ἄλλοι δὲ ἄλλα.
dia gar touto, phasin, hēlthen anōthen, hina en autǭ energēthę̄ dynamis ischyra, kata tēs asthenesteras dynameōs to tropaion labousa kai to sōma paradousa. kai hoi men autōn touto legousin, alloi de alla.
For this reason, they say, he came from above, so that the strong power might be at work in him, winning the trophy over the weaker power and giving up the body. Some of them say this, others other things.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ came so the strong power might defeat the weaker.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:65; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:65–66
οἱ μὲν γὰρ λέγουσι διὰ τὸ πονηρὸν εἶναι τὸν Χριστὸν παραδοθῆναι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἰούδα, βουλόμενον διαστρέφειν τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον. ἐπαινοῦσι γὰρ τὸν Κάϊν καὶ τὸν Ἰούδαν, ὡς ἔφην, καὶ λέγουσι· τούτου ἕνεκεν παραδέδωκεν αὐτόν, ἐπειδὴ ἠβούλετο καταλύειν τὰ καλῶς δεδιδαγμένα.
hoi men gar legousi dia to ponēron einai ton Christon paradothēnai auton hypo tou Iouda, boulomenon diastrephein ta kata ton nomon. epainousi gar ton Kaïn kai ton Ioudan, hōs ephēn, kai legousi; toutou heneken paradedōken auton, epeidē ēbouleto katalyein ta kalōs dedidagmena.
For some say that because Christ was wicked he was betrayed by Judas, since he wanted to pervert the things of the law. For they praise Cain and Judas, as I said, and say: 'He betrayed him for this reason, because he wanted to destroy what had been rightly taught.'
Notes and citation
Summary: Some say Judas betrayed Christ as an evil-doer.
- A hostile report of the Cainites' views.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Word split by a line-end hyphen.): τού- του → τούτου.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:65–66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:66
ἄλλοι δὲ τῶν αὐτῶν· οὐχί φασίν, ἀλλὰ ἀγαθὸν αύτὸν ὄντα παρέδωκεν κατὰ τὴν ἐπουράνιον γνῶσιν. ἔγνωσαν γάρ, φασίν, οἱ ἄρχοντες ὅτι ἐὰν ὁ Χριστὸς παραδοθῇ σταυρῷ κενοῦται αὐτῶν ἡ ἀσθενὴς δύναμις.
alloi de tōn autōn; ouchi phasin, alla agathon auton onta paredōken kata tēn epouranion gnōsin. egnōsan gar, phasin, hoi archontes hoti ean ho Christos paradothę̄ staurǭ kenoutai autōn hē asthenēs dynamis.
But others of the same sect say: 'No; he betrayed him, good as he was, in accordance with the heavenly knowledge. For the archons knew,' they say, 'that if Christ were given over to the cross, their weak power would be emptied.'
1 Cor 2:8 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Others say Judas betrayed Christ to defeat the archons.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): ἔγωνσαν → ἔγνωσαν.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:66
καὶ τοῦτο, φησί, γνοὺς ὁ Ἰούδας ἔσπευσεν καὶ πάντα ἐκίνησεν ὥστε παραδοῦναι αὐτόν, ἀγαθὸν ἔργον ποιήσας ἡμῖν εἰς σωτηρίαν. καὶ δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἐπαινεῖν καὶ ἀποδιδόναι αὐτῷ τὸν ἔπαινον, ὅτι διʼ αὐτοῦ κατεσκευάσθη ἡμῖν ἡ τοῦ σταυροῦ σωτηρία καὶ ἡ διὰ τῆς τοιαύτης ὑποθέσεως τῶν ἄνω ἀποκάλυψις.
kai touto, phēsi, gnous ho Ioudas espeusen kai panta ekinēsen hōste paradounai auton, agathon ergon poiēsas hēmin eis sōtērian. kai dei hēmas epainein kai apodidonai autǭ ton epainon, hoti diʼ autou kateskeuasthē hēmin hē tou staurou sōtēria kai hē dia tēs toiautēs hypotheseōs tōn anō apokalypsis.
'And Judas, knowing this,' he says, 'hurried and did everything to betray him, doing a good work for our salvation. And we must praise him and give him the praise, because through him the salvation of the cross was prepared for us, and through such an occasion the revelation of the things above.'
Notes and citation
Summary: They praise Judas for bringing about salvation.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip.): σὐτῷ → αὐτῷ.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.3.6Holl GCS 25/31:66
Κατὰ πάντα δὲ τρόπον οὑτοι ἠπάτηνται, οὐκ ἀγαθόν τινα τιμῶντες ἢ ἐπαινοῦντες. δῆλον δὲ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου αὐτοῖς ταῦτα ὑπέσπαρται, τὰ τῆς ἀγνοίας λέγω καὶ ἀπάτης.
Kata panta de tropon houtoi ēpatēntai, ouk agathon tina timōntes ē epainountes. dēlon de hoti ek tou diabolou autois tauta hypespartai, ta tēs agnoias legō kai apatēs.
These are deceived in every way, honoring and praising no one good. It is plain that these things, I mean those of ignorance and deception, have been sown in them by the devil.
Matt 13:25 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Their views are the devil's sowing.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.3.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.3.7Holl GCS 25/31:66
πληροῦται δὲ ἐπʼ αύτοῖς τὸ γεγραμμένον »οὐαὶ τοῖς λέγουσι τὸ καλὸν πονηρὸν καὶ τὸ πονηρὸν ἀγαθόν, οἱ τιθέντες τὸ σκότος φῶς καὶ τὸ φῶς σκότος, οἱ λέγοντες τὸ γλυκὺ πικρὸν καὶ τὸ πικρὸν γλυκύ«.
plēroutai de epʼ autois to gegrammenon »ouai tois legousi to kalon ponēron kai to ponēron agathon, hoi tithentes to skotos phōs kai to phōs skotos, hoi legontes to glyky pikron kai to pikron glyky«.
In them is fulfilled what is written: 'Woe to those who call good evil and evil good, who make darkness light and light darkness, who call sweet bitter and bitter sweet.'
Isa 5:20 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isaiah's woe on those who invert good and evil.
- Isa 5:20.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.3.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-3-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.3.8Holl GCS 25/31:66
πάντῃ γὰρ ἐκφωνεῖ παλαιὰ καὶ καινὴ διαθήκη τοῦ Κάϊν τὴν ἀσέβειαν επικηρυκευομένη. οὑτοι δὲ τοὐναντίον, τοῦ σκότους ὄντες ἐρασταὶ καὶ τῶν κακοποιῶν μιμηταί. τὸν Ἄβελ μισοῦσι, τὸν δὲ Κάϊν ἀγαπῶσι καὶ τῷ Ἰούδᾳ τὸν ἔπαινον διδόασι.
pantę̄ gar ekphōnei palaia kai kainē diathēkē tou Kaïn tēn asebeian epikērykeuomenē. houtoi de tounantion, tou skotous ontes erastai kai tōn kakopoiōn mimētai. ton Abel misousi, ton de Kaïn agapōsi kai tǭ Ioudą ton epainon didoasi.
For everywhere the Old and New Testaments cry out, proclaiming the ungodliness of Cain. But these, on the contrary, being lovers of darkness and imitators of evildoers, hate Abel, love Cain, and give praise to Judas.
Heb 11:4 (echo, medium confidence) · Jude 1:11 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Scripture condemns Cain, yet they love him.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.3.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-3-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
38.3.9Holl GCS 25/31:66
φθοριμαίαν δὲ γνῶσιν ζονται, δύο τάττοντες δυνάμεις, ἀσθενεστέραν τε καὶ δυνατωτέραν, ἀντιμαχομένας [δὲ] πρὸς ἀλλήλας, ποιούσας δὲ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ οὐ γνώμης ἀλλοίωσιν, ἀλλὰ τῶν γεγενημένων τοὺς μὲν κατὰ φύσιν ἀπὸ κακίας τὴν οὐσίαν ἔχειν, τοὺς δὲ ἀπὸ ἀγαθότητος. οὐδένα δὲ κατὰ γνώμην ἀγαθὸν ἢ φαῦλον εἶναι λέγουσιν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ φύσιν.
phthorimaian de gnōsin zontai, dyo tattontes dynameis, asthenesteran te kai dynatōteran, antimachomenas [de] pros allēlas, poiousas de en tǭ kosmǭ ou gnōmēs alloiōsin, alla tōn gegenēmenōn tous men kata physin apo kakias tēn ousian echein, tous de apo agathotētos. oudena de kata gnōmēn agathon ē phaulon einai legousin, alla kata physin.
They hold a destructive knowledge, positing two powers, a weaker and a stronger, fighting each other, which produce in the world not a change of will, but that some of those born have their being by nature from evil and others from goodness. They say that no one is good or bad by choice, but by nature.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: They teach that good and evil are by nature, not choice.
- The verb at the start (ζονται) is garbled in the digital text; translated by sense. The editor deletes δέ.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 38.3.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/37-1-1/#p-38-3-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.