Jude 1 in the early church
121 passages quote, allude to, or echo Jude 1, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 19 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25
Jude 1 as a whole
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1 | Lines 61–70 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | late 2nd or 4th century (disputed) |
| Jude 1 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 50 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Jude 1 | Canon 60 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 343–381 |
| Jude 1 | Canon 47 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 397 |
Jude 1:1
Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and a brother of James, To those who are called, loved by God the Father, and kept in Jesus Christ:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:1–23 | Adumbrations on Jude, paragraph 1 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | original ca. 200; Latin translation 6th century |
| Jude 1:1 | Commentary on Matthew 10.17 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Jude 1:1 | Commentary on Matthew 13.27 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Jude 1:1–8 | On Not Agreeing with Heretics 15 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Jude 1:1 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 26.11.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
Jude 1:2
Mercy, peace, and love be multiplied to you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:2 | To the Philippians, inscription · Polycarp of Smyrna | echo, low confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| Jude 1:2 | Martyrdom of Polycarp, inscription · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 156–160 |
| Jude 1:2 | Church History 4.15.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 300–325 |
Jude 1:3
Beloved, although I made every effort to write to you about the salvation we share, I felt it necessary to write and urge you to contend earnestly for the faith entrusted once for all to the saints.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:3 | To the Philippians 7.2 · Polycarp of Smyrna | echo, low confidence | ca. 110–135 |
Jude 1:4
For certain men have crept in among you unnoticed—ungodly ones who were designated long ago for condemnation. They turn the grace of our God into a license for immorality, and they deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:4 | Question 111, section 3 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, low confidence | ca. 370–384 |
Jude 1:5
Although you are fully aware of this, I want to remind you that after Jesus had delivered His people out of the land of Egypt, He destroyed those who did not believe.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:5 | The Instructor 3.8.44 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jude 1:5 | Letter 46.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Jude 1:6
And the angels who did not stay within their own domain but abandoned their proper dwelling—these He has kept in eternal chains under darkness, bound for judgment on that great day.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:6 | A Plea for the Christians 24 · Athenagoras | echo, low confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| Jude 1:6 | The Instructor 3.2.14 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jude 1:6 | The Instructor 3.8.44 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jude 1:6 | The Instructor 3.8.45 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jude 1:6 | Miscellanies 5.14.127 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, low confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jude 1:6 | Miscellanies 7.7.46 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jude 1:6 | Commentary on John 13.243 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Jude 1:6 | Commentary on John 13.244 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Jude 1:6 | Homilies on Exodus 8.2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Jude 1:6 | Homilies on Ezekiel 4.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Jude 1:6 | Homilies on Numbers 16.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Jude 1:6 | Commentary on Matthew 15.27 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Jude 1:6 | Commentary on Matthew 17.30 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Jude 1:6 | Commentary on Romans 3.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Jude 1:6 | Commentary on Romans 5.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Jude 1:6 | Homilies 8.13 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| Jude 1:6 | Recognitions 4.26 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Jude 1:6 | Apology for Origen 1.1 · Pamphilus of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 308–310 (Rufinus's Latin about 397) |
| Jude 1:6 | Preparation for the Gospel 7.16.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Jude 1:6 | Epitome of the Divine Institutes 22.10 · Lactantius | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 314–320 |
| Jude 1:6 | Life of Antony 26 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Jude 1:6 | Letters to Serapion 1.25 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Jude 1:6 | Letters to Serapion 2.3 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Jude 1:6 | Letters 365, 366 · Basil of Caesarea | echo, low confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Jude 1:6 | On the Holy Spirit 12 · Didymus the Blind | allusion, medium confidence | Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391 |
| Jude 1:6 | Oration 6.12 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Jude 1:6 | Letter 46.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jude 1:6 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 39.19.3 · Ambrose | allusion, low confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Jude 1:6 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 3.10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| Jude 1:6 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 11.26 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| Jude 1:6 | Enchiridion (Handbook on Faith, Hope, and Love) 28 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, medium confidence | ca. 421–423 |
| Jude 1:6 | The Conferences 8.8 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Jude 1:7
In like manner, Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities around them, who indulged in sexual immorality and pursued strange flesh, are on display as an example of those who sustain the punishment of eternal fire.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:7 | The Instructor 2.10.89 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jude 1:7 | The Instructor 3.8.44 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jude 1:7 | Against Heresies 4.36.4 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Jude 1:7 | Poem 2 (Sodoma), lines 149–166 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 4th-5th cent. (disputed) |
| Jude 1:7 | On Sodom, lines 1–24 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 4th-5th century (disputed) |
| Jude 1:7 | On Sodom, lines 147–167 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 4th-5th century (disputed) |
| Jude 1:7 | Letter 46.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Jude 1:7 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.5.9 · Orosius | echo, medium confidence | ca. 417–418 |
Jude 1:8
Yet in the same way these dreamers defile their bodies, reject authority, and slander glorious beings.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:8 | Miscellanies 3.2.11 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jude 1:8 | Commentary on Matthew 10.24 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Jude 1:8 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 26.11.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Jude 1:8 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 26.13.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Jude 1:8 | Eleven Tractates 1.35 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Jude 1:8 | Apology against Rufinus 2.18 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 401–402 |
| Jude 1:8 | Commentary on Jeremiah 5.64 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
Jude 1:9
But even the archangel Michael, when he disputed with the devil over the body of Moses, did not presume to bring a slanderous charge against him, but said, “The Lord rebuke you!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:9 | On First Principles 3.2.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Jude 1:9 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 827 · Origen | echo, low confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Jude 1:9 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 26.11.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Jude 1:9 | Historia monachorum, chapter 29 · Rufinus of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | Greek original ca. 394-395; Rufinus's Latin ca. 404-406 |
| Jude 1:9 | Apology against Rufinus 2.18 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 401–402 |
Jude 1:10
These men, however, slander what they do not understand, and like irrational animals, they will be destroyed by the things they do instinctively.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:10 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 26.11.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Jude 1:10 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 26.11.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Jude 1:10 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 26.13.8 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Jude 1:10 | Book 1, chapter 19 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 440-450 |
Jude 1:11
Woe to them! They have traveled the path of Cain; they have rushed for profit into the error of Balaam; they have perished in Korah’s rebellion.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:11 | The Instructor 3.8.45 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jude 1:11–13 | On Not Agreeing with Heretics 15 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Jude 1:11 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 38.3.8 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Jude 1:11 | Sermon 365.2 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Jude 1:12
These men are hidden reefs in your love feasts, shamelessly feasting with you but shepherding only themselves. They are clouds without water, carried along by the wind; fruitless trees in autumn, twice dead after being uprooted.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:12 | The Instructor 2.1.4 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Jude 1:12 | Miscellanies 7.16.98 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, low confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jude 1:12 | Letter 244 · Basil of Caesarea | echo, low confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Jude 1:12 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.17 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Jude 1:12 | Eleven Tractates 5.84 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Jude 1:12 | On Faith and Works 46 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
Jude 1:13
They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:13 | To Autolycus 2.15 · Theophilus of Antioch | echo, medium confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| Jude 1:13 | Commentary on 1 Corinthians 15:41 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Jude 1:13 | Eleven Tractates 5.84 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Jude 1:14
Enoch, the seventh from Adam, also prophesied about them: “Behold, the Lord is coming with myriads of His holy ones
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:14 | Adumbrations on Jude, paragraph 1 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | original ca. 200; Latin translation 6th century |
| Jude 1:14–15 | On the Dress of Women 1.3 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 197–206 |
| Jude 1:14–15 | Against Novatian 16 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | after 251 (disputed) |
| Jude 1:14 | Catechetical Lecture 15.10 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 350 |
| Jude 1:14 | Oration 41.4 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Jude 1:14 | Book of Rules 6 · Tyconius | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Jude 1:14 | Eleven Tractates 1.39 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Jude 1:14 | Eleven Tractates 3.56 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Jude 1:14 | On Illustrious Men 4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 392–393 |
| Jude 1:14 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 12.14 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Jude 1:14 | City of God 18.38 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
Jude 1:15
to execute judgment on everyone, and to convict all the ungodly of every ungodly act of wickedness and every harsh word spoken against Him by ungodly sinners.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:15 | Eleven Tractates 3.56 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Jude 1:16
These men are discontented grumblers, following after their own lusts; their mouths spew arrogance; they flatter others for their own advantage.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:16 | Miscellanies 3.2.11 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
Jude 1:17
But you, beloved, remember what was foretold by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:17–19 | On Not Agreeing with Heretics 15 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
Jude 1:19
These are the ones who cause divisions, who are worldly and devoid of the Spirit.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:19 | Letter 185.50 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Jude 1:19 | Sermon 8.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jude 1:19 | Sermon 71.30 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jude 1:19 | Sermon 71.31 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jude 1:19 | Sermon 265.11 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jude 1:19 | Sermon 269.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jude 1:19 | Sermon 285.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Jude 1:19 | Retractations 2.27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 426-427 |
Jude 1:22
And indeed, have mercy on those who doubt;
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:22 | Didache 2.7 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 50–150 (often ca. 100) |
| Jude 1:22 | Miscellanies 6.8.65 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jude 1:22 | Apostolic Church Order 6 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 300 |
Jude 1:23
save others by snatching them from the fire; and to still others show mercy tempered with fear, hating even the clothing stained by the flesh.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:23 | Sentence 449 (Greek) · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| Jude 1:23 | Miscellanies 6.8.65 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Jude 1:23 | Oration 14.22 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, low confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Jude 1:23 | Liber Orsiesii 25 · Orsiesius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Jude 1:23 | Eleven Tractates 1.35 · Priscillian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Jude 1:24
Now to Him who is able to keep you from stumbling and to present you unblemished in His glorious presence, with great joy—
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:24 | Martyrdom of Polycarp 20.2 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 156–160 |
| Jude 1:24 | Adumbrations on Jude, paragraph 2 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | original ca. 200; Latin translation 6th century |
| Jude 1:24 | Commentary on Daniel 4.60 · Hippolytus of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 202-204 |
| Jude 1:24 | Catechetical Lecture 6.25 · Cyril of Jerusalem | echo, medium confidence | ca. 350 |
| Jude 1:24 | On Rebuke and Grace 6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 427 |
Jude 1:25
to the only God our Savior be glory, majesty, dominion, and authority through Jesus Christ our Lord before all time, and now, and for all eternity. Amen.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude 1:25 | Martyrdom of Polycarp 20.2 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 156–160 |