Church History 4.13.1–4.17.13
Greek text: Dindorf, Eusebii Opera 4 (Greek text: W. Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Leipzig: Teubner, 1871), digitized by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0). Compare: Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 2, vol. 1 (1890).
Church 4, chapter 13
4.13.1Dindorf 4:150
“ Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ “ Μάρκος Αὐρήλιος Ἀντωνῖνος Σεβαστὸς, Ἀρμένιος, “ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος, δημαρχικῆς ἐξουσίας τὸ πέμπτον καὶ δέκατον, ὕπατος τὸ τρίτον, τῷ κοινῷ τῆς Ἀσίας χαίρειν.
“ Autokratōr Kaisar “ Markos Aurēlios Antōninos Sebastos, Armenios, “archiereus megistos, dēmarchikēs exousias to pempton kai dekaton, hypatos to triton, tǭ koinǭ tēs Asias chairein.
“The emperor Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus, Armenicus, pontifex maximus, holding the tribunician power for the fifteenth time, consul for the third time, to the Council of Asia, greeting.
Notes and citation
Summary: The imperial ordinance (quoted) to the Council of Asia begins.
- The quotation (4.13.1–7) is the so-called Rescript of Antoninus to the Council of Asia, also appended to Justin's Apology; most scholars regard it as spurious or heavily reworked, though a few defend an authentic core. Eusebius attributes it to Antoninus Pius, but the titles given are those of Marcus Aurelius.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.13.1 (Dindorf 4:150; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-13-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.13.2Dindorf 4:150
ἐγὼ μὲν οἶδα ὅτι καὶ τοῖς θεοῖς ἐπιμελές ἐστι μὴ λανθάνειν τοὺς τοιούτους. πολὺ γὰρ “μᾶλλον ἐκεῖνοι κολάσαιεν ἂν τοὺς μὴ βουλομένους “ αὐτοὺς προσκυνεῖν ἢ ὑμεῖς.
egō men oida hoti kai tois theois epimeles esti mē lanthanein tous toioutous. poly gar “mallon ekeinoi kolasaien an tous mē boulomenous “ autous proskynein ē hymeis.
I know that the gods too take care that such men do not escape notice; for they would much rather punish those unwilling to worship them than you would.
Notes and citation
Summary: The ordinance (quoted): the gods themselves will punish those who refuse to worship them.
- Quotation from the Rescript to the Council of Asia.
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.13.2 (Dindorf 4:150; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-13-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.13.3Dindorf 4:150–151
οὓς εἰς ταραχὴν ἐμβάλλετε, βεβαιοῦντες τὴν γνώμην αὐτῶν ἥνπερ “ ἔχουσιν, ὡς ἀθέων κατηγοροῦντες. εἴη δʼ ἂν ἐκείνοις ῾ αἱρετὸν τὸ δοκεῖν κατηγορουμένοις τεθνάναι μᾶλ- ῾λον ἢ ζῆν ὑπὲρ τοῦ οἰκείου θεοῦ. ὅθεν καὶ νικῶσι, “προϊέμενοι τὰς ἑαυτῶν ψυχὰς, ἤπερ πειθόμενοι οἷς “ἀξιοῦτε πράττειν αὐτούς.
hous eis tarachēn emballete, bebaiountes tēn gnōmēn autōn hēnper “ echousin, hōs atheōn katēgorountes. eiē dʼ an ekeinois ῾ haireton to dokein katēgoroumenois tethnanai mal- ῾lon ē zēn hyper tou oikeiou theou. hothen kai nikōsi, “proïemenoi tas heautōn psychas, ēper peithomenoi hois “axioute prattein autous.
You throw them into disturbance, confirming them in the opinion they hold, by accusing them of being atheists. For it would be preferable for them, when accused, to seem to die for their own God rather than to live. Hence they are victorious, giving up their lives rather than obeying what you demand that they do.
Notes and citation
Summary: The ordinance (quoted): persecution only strengthens Christians, who prefer death to obeying.
- Quotation from the Rescript to the Council of Asia.
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.13.3 (Dindorf 4:150–151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-13-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.13.4Dindorf 4:151
περὶ δὲ τῶν σεισμῶν “τῶν γεγονότων καὶ γινομένων οὐκ ἄτοπον ὑμᾶς “ὑπομνῆσαι, ἀθυμοῦντας μὲν ὅταν περ ὦσι, παρα- “βάλλοντας δὲ τὰ ὑμέτερα προς τὰ ἐκείνων.
peri de tōn seismōn “tōn gegonotōn kai ginomenōn ouk atopon hymas “hypomnēsai, athymountas men hotan per ōsi, para- “ballontas de ta hymetera pros ta ekeinōn.
Concerning the earthquakes that have happened and are happening, it is not out of place to remind you, who are despondent whenever they occur, to compare your conduct with theirs.
Notes and citation
Summary: The ordinance (quoted) urges the Asians to compare their own conduct during earthquakes with the Christians'.
- Quotation from the Rescript to the Council of Asia.
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.13.4 (Dindorf 4:151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-13-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.13.5Dindorf 4:151
οἱ μὲν “οὖν εὐπαρρησιαστότεροι γίνονται πρὸς τὸν θεὸν, “ὑμεῖς δὲ παρὰ πάντα τὸν χρόνον, καθʼ ὃν ἀγνοεῖν “δοκεῖτε, τῶν τε θεῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀμελεῖτε καὶ “τῆς θρησκείας τῆς περὶ τὸν ἀθάνατον, ὃν δὴ τοὺς “Χριστιανοὺς θρησκεύοντας ἐλαύνετε καὶ διώκετε “ἕως θανάτου.
hoi men “oun euparrēsiastoteroi ginontai pros ton theon, “hymeis de para panta ton chronon, kathʼ hon agnoein “dokeite, tōn te theōn kai tōn allōn ameleite kai “tēs thrēskeias tēs peri ton athanaton, hon dē tous “Christianous thrēskeuontas elaunete kai diōkete “heōs thanatou.
They become more confident toward God, while you, during all the time in which you seem to be ignorant, neglect the gods and everything else, and the worship of the Immortal, whom the Christians worship and whom you drive out and persecute to death.
Notes and citation
Summary: The ordinance (quoted): the Christians grow bolder toward God while the Asians neglect worship and persecute them.
- Quotation from the Rescript to the Council of Asia.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.13.5 (Dindorf 4:151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-13-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.13.6Dindorf 4:151
ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν τοιούτων ἤδη καὶ “πολλοὶ τῶν περὶ τὰς ἐπαρχίας ἡγεμόνων καὶ τῷ “θειοτάτῳ ἡμῶν ἔγραψαν πατρὶ, οἷς καὶ ἀντέγραψε “μηδὲν ἐνοχλεῖν τοῖς τοιούτοις, εἰ μηδὲν φαίνοιντο “περὶ τὴν τῶκ ῾Ρωμαίων ἡγεμονίαν ἐγχειροῦντες. καὶ “ἐμοὶ δὲ περὶ τῶν τοιούτων πολλοὶ ἐσήμαναν, οἷς “δὴ καὶ ἀντέγραψα, κατακολουθῶν τῇ τοῦ πατρὸς “γνώμῃ
hyper de tōn toioutōn ēdē kai “polloi tōn peri tas eparchias hēgemonōn kai tǭ “theiotatǭ hēmōn egrapsan patri, hois kai antegrapse “mēden enochlein tois toioutois, ei mēden phainointo “peri tēn tōk ῾Rōmaiōn hēgemonian encheirountes. kai “emoi de peri tōn toioutōn polloi esēmanan, hois “dē kai antegrapsa, katakolouthōn tę̄ tou patros “gnōmę̄
Concerning such people many of the governors in the provinces have already written to our most divine father, to whom he replied that they should not trouble such people unless they appeared to be attempting something against the Roman government. And to me too many have reported concerning such people, to whom I also replied following my father's judgment.
Notes and citation
Summary: The ordinance (quoted): as the emperor's father ruled, Christians are not to be troubled unless they plot against Rome.
- Quotation from the Rescript to the Council of Asia.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.13.6 (Dindorf 4:151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-13-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.13.7Dindorf 4:151
εἰ δέ τις ἐπιμένοι τινὰ τῶν τοιούτων εἰς “πράγματα φέρων ὡς δὴ τοιοῦτον, ἐκεῖνος ὁ καταφε- “ρόμενος ἀπολελύσθω τοῦ ἐγκλήματος, καὶ ἐὰν φαί- “νηται τοιοῦτος ὢν, ὁ δὲ καταφέρων ἔνοχος ἔσται “δίκης. προετέθη ἐν Ἐφέσω ἐν τῷ κοινῷ τῆς Ἀσίας.”
ei de tis epimenoi tina tōn toioutōn eis “pragmata pherōn hōs dē toiouton, ekeinos ho kataphe- “romenos apolelysthō tou enklēmatos, kai ean phai- “nētai toioutos ōn, ho de katapherōn enochos estai “dikēs. proetethē en Ephesō en tǭ koinǭ tēs Asias.”
But if anyone persists in bringing any of these people to trial as being such, let the one accused be acquitted of the charge, even if he appears to be such, and let the accuser be liable to punishment. Published at Ephesus in the Council of Asia.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The ordinance (quoted): accused Christians are to be acquitted and their accusers punished.
- Quotation from the Rescript to the Council of Asia.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.13.7 (Dindorf 4:151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-13-7).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.13.8Dindorf 4:151
τούτοις οὕτω χωρήσασιν ἐπιμαρτυρῶν Μελίτων τῆς ἐν Σάρδεσιν ἐκκλησίας ἐπίσκοπος, κατʼ αὐτὸ γνωριζόμενος τοῦ χρόνου, δῆλός ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων αὐτῷ ἐν ᾗ πεποίηται πρὸς αὐτοκράτορα Οὐῆρον ὑπὲρ τοῦ καθʼ ἡμᾶς δόγματος ἀπολογίᾳ.
toutois houtō chōrēsasin epimartyrōn Melitōn tēs en Sardesin ekklēsias episkopos, katʼ auto gnōrizomenos tou chronou, dēlos estin ek tōn eirēmenōn autǭ en hę̄ pepoiētai pros autokratora Ouēron hyper tou kathʼ hēmas dogmatos apologią.
That these things happened in this way is attested by Melito, bishop of the church in Sardis, who was known at this very time, as is clear from what he said in the apology he made on behalf of our doctrine to the emperor Verus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Melito of Sardis's apology to the emperor confirms these events.
- Compare 4.26.10.
Extrabiblical texts: Melito of Sardis, Melito Apology (Melito of Sardis (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.13.8 (Dindorf 4:151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-13-8).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
Church 4, chapter 14
4.14.1Dindorf 4:151–152
Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν δηλουμένων, Ἀνικήτου τῆς ῾Ρωμαίων ἐκκλησίας ἡγουμένου, Πολύκαρπον ἔτι περιόντα τῷ βίῳ γενέσθαι τε ἐπὶ ῾Ρώμης καὶ εἰς ὁμιλίαν τῷ Ἀνικήτῳ ἐλθεῖν διά τι ζήτημα περὶ τῆς κατὰ τὸ πάσχα ἡμέρας, Εἰρη- ναῖος ἱστορεῖ.
Epi de tōn dēloumenōn, Anikētou tēs ῾Rōmaiōn ekklēsias hēgoumenou, Polykarpon eti perionta tǭ biǭ genesthai te epi ῾Rōmēs kai eis homilian tǭ Anikētǭ elthein dia ti zētēma peri tēs kata to pascha hēmeras, Eirē- naios historei.
In the times indicated, while Anicetus was leading the church of the Romans, Irenaeus relates that Polycarp, still alive, was at Rome and came into conference with Anicetus about some question concerning the day of the Passover.
Notes and citation
Summary: Irenaeus reports that Polycarp visited Anicetus in Rome to discuss the date of Easter.
- Compare 5.24.16.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.14.1 (Dindorf 4:151–152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-14-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.14.2Dindorf 4:152
καὶ ἄλλην δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς περὶ τοῦ Πολυκάρπου παραδίδωσι διήγησιν, ἣν ἀναγκαῖον τοῖς περὶ αὐτοῦ δηλουμένοις ἐπισυνάψαι οὕτως ἔχουσαν· [Ἀπὸ τοῦ τρίτου τῶν πρὸς τὰς αἱρέσεις Εἰρηναίου.]
kai allēn de ho autos peri tou Polykarpou paradidōsi diēgēsin, hēn anankaion tois peri autou dēloumenois episynapsai houtōs echousan; [Apo tou tritou tōn pros tas haireseis Eirēnaiou.]
The same writer hands down another account about Polycarp, which it is necessary to add to what has been said about him; it runs thus:
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius introduces Irenaeus's account of Polycarp.
- The editor deletes the heading that follows in the manuscripts, “From the third book of Irenaeus Against Heresies.”
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.14.2 (Dindorf 4:152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-14-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.14.3Dindorf 4:152
“Καὶ Πολύκαρπος δὲ οὐ μόνον ὑπὸ ἀποστόλων μαθητευθεὶς, καὶ συναναστραφεὶς πολλοῖς τὸν Χρι- “ στὸν ἑωρακόσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ ἀποστόλων καταστα- “ θεὶς εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν ἐν τῇ ἐν Σμύρνῃ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐπί- “σκοπος, ὃν καὶ ἡμεῖς ἑωράκαμεν ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ ἡμῶν ἡλικίᾳ.
“Kai Polykarpos de ou monon hypo apostolōn mathēteutheis, kai synanastrapheis pollois ton Chri- “ ston heōrakosin, alla kai hypo apostolōn katasta- “ theis eis tēn Asian en tę̄ en Smyrnę̄ ekklēsią epi- “skopos, hon kai hēmeis heōrakamen en tę̄ prōtę̄ hēmōn hēlikią.
“And Polycarp too was not only instructed by apostles and conversed with many who had seen Christ, but was also appointed by apostles in Asia as bishop in the church at Smyrna; we too saw him in our early youth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Irenaeus (quoted): Polycarp, taught by apostles and appointed by them bishop of Smyrna, was seen by Irenaeus in his youth.
- The quotation (4.14.3–8) is Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; quotation)
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.14.3 (Dindorf 4:152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-14-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.14.4Dindorf 4:152
ἐπιπολὺ γὰρ παρέμεινε, καὶ πάνυ. γηρα- ῾λέος, ἐνδόξως καὶ ἐπιφανέστατα μαρτυρήσας, ἐξῆλθε τοῦ βίου, ταῦτα διδάξας ἀεὶ, ἃ καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἀπο- “ στόλων ἔμαθεν, ἃ καὶ ἡ ἐκκλησία παραδίδωσιν, “ καὶ μόνα ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ.
epipoly gar paremeine, kai pany. gēra- ῾leos, endoxōs kai epiphanestata martyrēsas, exēlthe tou biou, tauta didaxas aei, ha kai para tōn apo- “ stolōn emathen, ha kai hē ekklēsia paradidōsin, “ kai mona estin alēthē.
For he lived a long time, and when very old, having borne witness gloriously and most illustriously, departed this life, having always taught the things he had learned from the apostles, which the church also hands down, and which alone are true.
Notes and citation
Summary: Irenaeus (quoted): Polycarp lived long, died a glorious martyr, and always taught the apostles' doctrine.
- Quotation from Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.14.4 (Dindorf 4:152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-14-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.14.5Dindorf 4:152
μαρτυροῦσι τούτοις αἱ “κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν ἐκκλησίαι πᾶσαι, καὶ οἱ μέχρι νῦν “ διαδεδεγμένοι τὸν Πολύκαρπον, πολλῷ ἐξιοπιστότερον καὶ βεβαιότερον ἀληθείας μάρτυρα ὄντα Οὐα- “λεντίνου καὶ Μαρκίωνος καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν κακογνω- “μόνων, ὃς καὶ ἐπὶ Ἀνικήτου ἐπιδημήσας τῇ Ῥώμῃ πολλοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν προειρημένων αἱρετικῶν ἐπέστρε- ‘ψεν ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ, μίαν καὶ μόνην “ ταύτην ἀλήθειαν κηρύξας ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων παρειληφέναι, τὴν ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας παραδεδομένην. “
martyrousi toutois hai “kata tēn Asian ekklēsiai pasai, kai hoi mechri nyn “ diadedegmenoi ton Polykarpon, pollǭ exiopistoteron kai bebaioteron alētheias martyra onta Oua- “lentinou kai Markiōnos kai tōn loipōn kakognō- “monōn, hos kai epi Anikētou epidēmēsas tę̄ Rhōmę̄ pollous apo tōn proeirēmenōn hairetikōn epestre- ‘psen epi tēn ekklēsian tou theou, mian kai monēn “ tautēn alētheian kēryxas hypo tōn apostolōn pareilēphenai, tēn hypo tēs ekklēsias paradedomenēn. “
To these things all the churches in Asia bear witness, and those who up to now have succeeded Polycarp, a man who was a much more trustworthy and sure witness of the truth than Valentinus and Marcion and the rest of the evil-minded. He, when staying at Rome in the time of Anicetus, turned many from the aforesaid heretics to the church of God, proclaiming that this one and only truth had been received by him from the apostles, that which is handed down by the church.
Notes and citation
Summary: Irenaeus (quoted): the Asian churches confirm Polycarp's teaching; in Rome he won many heretics back to the church.
- Quotation from Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; quotation)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.14.5 (Dindorf 4:152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-14-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.14.6Dindorf 4:152
καὶ εἰσὶν οἱ ἀκηκοότες αὐτοῦ ὅτι Ἰωάννης ὁ του “ κυρίου μαθητὴς ἐν τῇ Ἐφέσῳ πορευθεὶς λούσασθαι, “καὶ ἰδὼν ἔσω Κήρινθον ἐξήλατο τοῦ βαλανείου μη λουσάμενος, ἀλλʼ ἐπειπὼν, φύγωμεν, μὴ καὶ τὸ βαλανεῖον συμπέσῃ, ἔνδον ὄντος Κηρίνθου τοῦ τῆς “ἀληθείας ἐχθροῦ.
kai eisin hoi akēkootes autou hoti Iōannēs ho tou “ kyriou mathētēs en tę̄ Ephesǭ poreutheis lousasthai, “kai idōn esō Kērinthon exēlato tou balaneiou mē lousamenos, allʼ epeipōn, phygōmen, mē kai to balaneion sympesę̄, endon ontos Kērinthou tou tēs “alētheias echthrou.
And there are those who heard from him that John, the disciple of the Lord, going to bathe at Ephesus and seeing Cerinthus within, rushed out of the bath-house without bathing, saying, ‘Let us flee, lest the bath-house fall in, since Cerinthus, the enemy of the truth, is inside.’
Notes and citation
Summary: Irenaeus (quoted): Polycarp told how John fled a bath-house because Cerinthus was inside.
- Quotation from Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4 (compare 3.28.6).
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; quotation)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.14.6 (Dindorf 4:152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-14-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.14.7Dindorf 4:152–153
καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Πολύκαρπος “Μαρκίωνί ποτε εἰς ὄψιν αὐτῷ ἐλθόντι καὶ φήσαντι “῾ ἐπιγινώσκεις ἡμᾶςʼ ἀπεκρίθη ἐπιγινώσκω “ πρωτότοκον τοῦ σατανᾶ.’ τοσαύτην οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ “οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτῶν ἔσχον εὐλάβειαν πρὸς τὸ μηδὲ ῾ μέχρι λόγου κοινωνεῖν τινὶ τῶν παραχαρασσόντων “τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ὡς καὶ Παῦλος ἔφησεν ‘αἱρετικὸν ἄν- “θρωπον μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν παραι- “τοῦ, εἰδὼς ὅτι ἐξέστραπται ὁ τοιοῦτος, καὶ ἁμαρτά- “νει ὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος.’
kai autos de ho Polykarpos “Markiōni pote eis opsin autǭ elthonti kai phēsanti “῾ epiginōskeis hēmasʼ apekrithē epiginōskō “ prōtotokon tou satana.’ tosautēn hoi apostoloi kai “hoi mathētai autōn eschon eulabeian pros to mēde ῾ mechri logou koinōnein tini tōn paracharassontōn “tēn alētheian, hōs kai Paulos ephēsen ‘hairetikon an- “thrōpon meta mian kai deuteran nouthesian parai- “tou, eidōs hoti exestraptai ho toioutos, kai hamarta- “nei ōn autokatakritos.’
And Polycarp himself, when Marcion once met him and said, ‘Do you recognize us?’, answered, ‘I recognize the firstborn of Satan.’ Such caution did the apostles and their disciples have, not to communicate even in word with any of those who falsify the truth; as Paul too said, ‘After a first and second admonition, have nothing to do with a heretical man, knowing that such a one is perverted and sins, being self-condemned.’
Titus 3:10–11 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Irenaeus (quoted): Polycarp called Marcion “the firstborn of Satan”; the apostles avoided all contact with heretics, as Paul teaches.
- Quotation from Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4, citing Titus 3:10–11.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; quotation)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.14.7 (Dindorf 4:152–153; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-14-7).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.14.8Dindorf 4:153
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἐπιστολὴ “ Πολυκάρπου πρὸς Φιλιππησίους γεγραμμένη ἱκανω- “τάτη, ἐξ ἧς καὶ τὸν χαρακτῆρα τῆς πίστεως αὐτοῦ “ καὶ τὸ κήρυγμα τῆς ἀληθείας οἱ βουλόμενοι καὶ φρον- ‘τίζοντες τῆς ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίας δύνανται μαθεῖν.·
esti de kai epistolē “ Polykarpou pros Philippēsious gegrammenē hikanō- “tatē, ex hēs kai ton charaktēra tēs pisteōs autou “ kai to kērygma tēs alētheias hoi boulomenoi kai phron- ‘tizontes tēs heautōn sōtērias dynantai mathein.;
There is also a most adequate letter of Polycarp written to the Philippians, from which those who wish and who care for their own salvation can learn both the character of his faith and the preaching of the truth.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Irenaeus (quoted) commends Polycarp's letter to the Philippians.
- Quotation from Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.4 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; quotation); Pol. Phil. (To the Philippians; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.14.8 (Dindorf 4:153; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-14-8).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.14.9Dindorf 4:153
ταῦτα ὁ Εἰρήναιος. ὁ γέ τοι Πολύκαρπος ἐν τῇ δηλωθείσῃ πρὸς Φιλιππησίους αὐτοῦ γραφῇ φερομένῃ εἰς δεῦρο κέχρηταί τισι μαρτυρίαις ἀπὸ τῆς Πέτρου προτέρας ἐπιστολῆς.
tauta ho Eirēnaios. ho ge toi Polykarpos en tę̄ dēlōtheisę̄ pros Philippēsious autou graphę̄ pheromenę̄ eis deuro kechrētai tisi martyriais apo tēs Petrou proteras epistolēs.
So much Irenaeus. Polycarp, in his writing to the Philippians mentioned, which is extant to this day, uses some testimonies from the former letter of Peter.
1 Pet 1:8 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Polycarp's letter uses testimonies from 1 Peter.
- E.g. Pol. Phil. 1.3 (1 Pet 1:8), 2.1 (1 Pet 1:13, 21).
Extrabiblical texts: Pol. Phil. 1.3 (To the Philippians; allusion)
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.14.9 (Dindorf 4:153; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-14-9).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.14.10Dindorf 4:153
’Αντωνῖνον μὲν δὴ τὸν Εὐσεβῆ κληθέντα, εἰκοστὸν καὶ δεύτερον ἔτος τῆς ἀρχῆς διανύσαντα, Μάρκος Αὐρήλιος Οὐῆρος, ὁ καὶ Ἀντωνῖνος, υἱὸς αὐτοῦ, σὺν καὶ Λουκίῳ ἀδελφῷ διαδέχεται.
’Antōninon men dē ton Eusebē klēthenta, eikoston kai deuteron etos tēs archēs dianysanta, Markos Aurēlios Ouēros, ho kai Antōninos, huios autou, syn kai Loukiǭ adelphǭ diadechetai.
Antoninus, called Pius, having completed the twenty-second year of his reign, was succeeded by Marcus Aurelius Verus, also called Antoninus, his son, together with Lucius his brother.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus succeeded Antoninus Pius.
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.14.10 (Dindorf 4:153; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-14-10).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
Church 4, chapter 15
4.15.1Dindorf 4:153
Ἐν τούτῳ δὲ ὁ Πολύκαρπος μεγίστων τὴν Ἀσίαν ἀναθορυβησάντων διωγμῶν μαρτυρίῳ τελειοῦται ἀναγκαιότατον δὲ αὐτοῦ τὸ τέλος ἐγγράφως ἔτι φερόμενον ἡγοῦμαι δεῖν μνήμῃ τῆς ἱστορίας καταθέσθαι.
En toutǭ de ho Polykarpos megistōn tēn Asian anathorybēsantōn diōgmōn martyriǭ teleioutai anankaiotaton de autou to telos engraphōs eti pheromenon hēgoumai dein mnēmę̄ tēs historias katathesthai.
At this time, when the greatest persecutions were throwing Asia into turmoil, Polycarp was perfected by martyrdom. I think it most necessary to place on record in this history his end, which is still extant in writing.
Notes and citation
Summary: During great persecutions in Asia Polycarp was martyred; Eusebius will record the account.
- Eusebius dates the martyrdom under Marcus Aurelius; many scholars place it ca. 155–160, under Antoninus Pius.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.1 (Dindorf 4:153; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.2Dindorf 4:153
ἔστι δὲ ἡ γραφὴ ἐκ προσώπου ἧς αὐτὸς ἐκκλησίας ἡγεῖτο ταῖς κατὰ Πόντον παροικίαις τὰ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἀποσημαίνουσα διὰ τούτων
esti de hē graphē ek prosōpou hēs autos ekklēsias hēgeito tais kata Ponton paroikiais ta katʼ auton aposēmainousa dia toutōn
The writing is from the church which he himself led, informing the communities in Pontus of what concerned him, in these words:
Notes and citation
Summary: The account is a letter from Polycarp's church to other churches.
- Eusebius says “Pontus”; the Martyrdom itself is addressed to Philomelium.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.2 (Dindorf 4:153; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.3Dindorf 4:153–154
“ἡ ἐκκλησία τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ παροικοῦσα Σμύρναν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ τῇ παροικούσῃ ἐν Φιλομηλίῳ “καὶ πάσαις ταῖς κατὰ πάντα τόπον τῆς ἁγίας καθο “λικῆς ἐκκλησίας παροικίαις ἔλεος, εἰρήνη καὶ ἀγάκ “ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ πλν ‘θυνθείη. ἐγράψαμεν ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοὶ, τὰ κατὰ του “ μαρτυρήσαντας καὶ τὸν μακάριον Πολύκαρπον, ὅστι ὥσπερ ἐπισφραγίσας διὰ τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτοῦ κα τέπαυσε τὸν διωγμόν.”
“hē ekklēsia tou theou hē paroikousa Smyrnan tę̄ ekklēsią tou theou tę̄ paroikousę̄ en Philomēliǭ “kai pasais tais kata panta topon tēs hagias katho “likēs ekklēsias paroikiais eleos, eirēnē kai agak “ theou patros kai kyriou hēmōn Iēsou Christou pln ‘thyntheiē. egrapsamen hymin, adelphoi, ta kata tou “ martyrēsantas kai ton makarion Polykarpon, hosti hōsper episphragisas dia tēs martyrias autou ka tepause ton diōgmon.”
“The church of God which sojourns at Smyrna to the church of God which sojourns in Philomelium and to all the communities of the holy catholic church sojourning in every place: may mercy, peace, and love of God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ be multiplied. We write to you, brothers, the things concerning those who bore witness, and the blessed Polycarp, who, as it were, put a seal on the persecution by his witness and brought it to an end.”
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Jude 1:2 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom of Polycarp (quoted) opens with Smyrna's greeting and says Polycarp's martyrdom ended the persecution.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol., inscription and 1.1 (Eusebius's text differs slightly from the manuscripts).
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 0–1.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.3 (Dindorf 4:153–154; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.4Dindorf 4:154
τούτοις ἑξῆς πρὸ τῆς ἀμο τοῦ Πολυκάρπου διηγήσεως τὰ κατὰ τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀνι στοροῦσι μάρτυρας, οἵας ἐνστάσεις πρὸς τὰς ἀλγηδο νας ἐνεδείξαντο, διαγράφοντες. καταπλῆξαι γάρ φαο τοὺς ἐν κύκλῳ περιεστῶτας καὶ θεωμένους τοτὲ μὲ μάστιξι μέχρι καὶ τῶν ἐνδοτάτω φλεβῶν καὶ ἀρτηριῶν καταξαινομένους, ὡς ἤδη καὶ τὰ ἐν μυχοῖς ἀπόρρητα τοῦ σώματος σπλάγχνα τε αὐτῶν καὶ μέλη κατοπτεύεσθαι, τοτὲ δὲ τοὺς ἀπὸ θαλάττης κήρυκας καί τινας ὀξεῖς ὀβελίσκους ὑποστρωννυμένους, καὶ διὰ παντὸς εἴδους κολάσεων καὶ βασάνων προϊόντας, καὶ τέλος θηρσὶν εἰς βορὰν παραδιδομένους.
toutois hexēs pro tēs amo tou Polykarpou diēgēseōs ta kata tous loipous ani storousi martyras, hoias enstaseis pros tas algēdo nas enedeixanto, diagraphontes. kataplēxai gar phao tous en kyklǭ periestōtas kai theōmenous tote me mastixi mechri kai tōn endotatō phlebōn kai artēriōn kataxainomenous, hōs ēdē kai ta en mychois aporrēta tou sōmatos splanchna te autōn kai melē katopteuesthai, tote de tous apo thalattēs kērykas kai tinas oxeis obeliskous hypostrōnnymenous, kai dia pantos eidous kolaseōn kai basanōn proïontas, kai telos thērsin eis boran paradidomenous.
Next to this, before the account of Polycarp, they relate the story of the other martyrs, describing the steadfastness they showed against their pains. For they say that they astounded those standing around and watching, when at one time they were torn by scourges down to the innermost veins and arteries, so that even the hidden inward parts of the body, their bowels and members, were exposed to view; and at another time were laid on sea-shells and certain sharp spikes, passing through every kind of punishment and torture, and at last were given to wild beasts as food.
Notes and citation
Summary: The letter first describes other martyrs, scourged to the bone, laid on shells and spikes, and thrown to beasts.
- Paraphrase of Mart. Pol. 2.2–4.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 2.2–4 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.4 (Dindorf 4:154; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.5Dindorf 4:154
μάλιστα δὲ ἱστοροῦσιν διαπρέψαι τὸν γενναιότατον Γερμανι κὸν, ὑπορρωννύντα σὺν θείᾳ χάριτι τὴν ἔμφυτο περὶ τὸν θάνατον τοῦ σώματος δειλίαν. βουλομένο γέ τοι τοῦ ἀνθυπάτου πείθειν αὐτὸν, προβαλλομένου τε τὴν ἡλικίαν καὶ ἀντιβολοῦντος κομιδή νέο ὄντα καὶ ἀκμαῖον οἶκτον ἑαυτοῦ λαβεῖν, μὴ μελλη σαι, προθύμως δὲ ἐπισπάσασθαι εἰς ἑαυτὸν τὸ θη ῥίον, μονονουχὶ βιασάμενον καὶ παροξύναντα, ὡς τάχιον τοῦ ἀδίκου καὶ ἀνόμου βίου αὐτῶν ἀπαλλα γείη.
malista de historousin diaprepsai ton gennaiotaton Germani kon, hyporrōnnynta syn theią chariti tēn emphyto peri ton thanaton tou sōmatos deilian. boulomeno ge toi tou anthypatou peithein auton, proballomenou te tēn hēlikian kai antibolountos komidē neo onta kai akmaion oikton heautou labein, mē mellē sai, prothymōs de epispasasthai eis heauton to thē rhion, mononouchi biasamenon kai paroxynanta, hōs tachion tou adikou kai anomou biou autōn apalla geiē.
They relate that the most noble Germanicus especially distinguished himself, overcoming by divine grace the natural fear of bodily death. When the proconsul wished to persuade him, putting forward his age and entreating him, very young and in his prime as he was, to take pity on himself, he did not hesitate, but eagerly drew the beast upon himself, all but forcing and provoking it, so that he might be released the more quickly from their unjust and lawless life.
Notes and citation
Summary: Germanicus, though young, refused the proconsul's pleas and provoked the beast to kill him quickly.
- Paraphrase of Mart. Pol. 3.1. The digital text has Beta Code (proballome nou te for προβαλλομένου τε).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Beta-Code slip in the digital text): proballome nou te → προβαλλομένου τε.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 3.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.5 (Dindorf 4:154; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.6Dindorf 4:154
τούτου δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ διαπρεπεῖ θανάτῳ τὸ πό πλῆθος ἀποθαυμάσαν τῆς ἀνδρείας τὸν θεοφιλῆ μάρ τυρα καὶ τὴν καθόλου τοῦ γένους τῶν Χριστιανο ἀρετὴν, ἀθρόως ἐπιβοᾶν ἄρξασθαι “αἶρε τοὺς ἀθέους ζητείσθω Πολύκαρπος.’’
toutou de epi tǭ diaprepei thanatǭ to po plēthos apothaumasan tēs andreias ton theophilē mar tyra kai tēn katholou tou genous tōn Christiano aretēn, athroōs epiboan arxasthai “aire tous atheous zēteisthō Polykarpos.’’
At his distinguished death the whole multitude, marvelling at the courage of the God-loving martyr and at the virtue of the whole race of Christians, began to shout all together, ‘Away with the atheists! Let Polycarp be sought!’
Notes and citation
Summary: Amazed at Germanicus's courage, the crowd cried, “Away with the atheists! Find Polycarp!”
- Paraphrase and quotation of Mart. Pol. 3.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 3.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.6 (Dindorf 4:154; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.7Dindorf 4:154–155
καὶ δὴ πλείστης ἐπὶ ταῖ βοαῖς γενομένης ταραχῆς Φρύγα τινὰ τὸ γένος, Κόϊντον τοὔνομα, νεωστὶ ἐκ τῆς Φρυγίας ἐπιστάντα, ἰδόντα τοὺς θῆρας καὶ τὰς ἐπὶ τούτοις ἀπειλὰς καταπτῆξαι τὴν ψυχὴν μαλακισθέντα, καὶ τέλος τῆς σωτηρίας ἐνσθῦναι.
kai dē pleistēs epi tai boais genomenēs tarachēs Phryga tina to genos, Koïnton tounoma, neōsti ek tēs Phrygias epistanta, idonta tous thēras kai tas epi toutois apeilas kataptēxai tēn psychēn malakisthenta, kai telos tēs sōtērias ensthynai.
And when a very great disturbance arose at the shouts, a certain Phrygian by race named Quintus, newly arrived from Phrygia, seeing the beasts and the threats that went with them, was terrified in soul and gave way, and at last gave up his salvation.
Notes and citation
Summary: Quintus, a Phrygian newcomer, lost courage at the sight of the beasts and fell away.
- Paraphrase of Mart. Pol. 4. The digital text has ἐνσθῦναι for ἐνδοῦναι.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 4 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.7 (Dindorf 4:154–155; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-7).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.8Dindorf 4:155
ἐδήλου δὲ τοῦτον ὁ τῆς προειρημένης γραφῆς λόγος προπετέστερον, ἀλλʼ οὐ κατʼ εὐλάβειαν ἐπιπηδῆσαι τῷ δικαστηρίῳ σὺν ἑτέροις, ἁλόντα δʼ οὖν ὅμως καταφανὲς ὑπόδειγμα τοῖς πᾶσι παρασχεῖν, ὅτι μὴ δέοι τοῖς τοιούτοις ῥιψοκινδύνως καὶ ἀνευλαβῶς ἐπιτολμᾶν. ἀλλὰ ταύτῃ μὲν εἶχε πέρας τὰ κατὰ τούτους.
edēlou de touton ho tēs proeirēmenēs graphēs logos propetesteron, allʼ ou katʼ eulabeian epipēdēsai tǭ dikastēriǭ syn heterois, halonta dʼ oun homōs kataphanes hypodeigma tois pasi paraschein, hoti mē deoi tois toioutois rhipsokindynōs kai aneulabōs epitolman. alla tautę̄ men eiche peras ta kata toutous.
The words of the writing mentioned showed that he had rashly, and not with reverence, rushed to the tribunal with others; yet when he was caught he gave a clear example to all that one ought not to venture on such things recklessly and without reverence. So ended the affairs of these men.
Notes and citation
Summary: Quintus had rashly volunteered for martyrdom; his fall warns against seeking it recklessly.
- Paraphrase of Mart. Pol. 4.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 4 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.8 (Dindorf 4:155; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-8).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.9Dindorf 4:155
τόν γε μὴν θαυμασιώτατον Πολύκαρπον τὰ μὲν πρῶτα τούτων ἀκούσαντα ἀτάραχον διαμεῖναι, εὐσταθὲς τὸ ἦθος καὶ ἀκίνητον φυλάξαντα, βούλεσθαί τε αὐτοῦ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν περιμένειν· πεισθέντα γε μὴν ἀντιβολοῦσι τοῖς ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν, καὶ ὡς ἂν ὑπεξέλθοι παρακαλοῦσι, προελθεῖν εἰς οὐ πόρρω διεστῶτα τῆς πόλεως ἀγρὸν, διατρίβειν τε σὺν ὀλιγοις ἐνταῦθα, νύκτωρ καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν οὔτε ἕτερον πράττοντα ἢ ταῖς πρὸς τὸν κύριον διακαρτεροῦντα εὐχαῖς, διʼ ὧν δεῖσθαι καὶ ἱκετεύειν, εἰρήνην ἐξαιτούμενον ταῖς ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐκκλησίαις· τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ εἶναι ἐκ τοῦ παντὸς αὐτῷ σύνηθες.
ton ge mēn thaumasiōtaton Polykarpon ta men prōta toutōn akousanta atarachon diameinai, eustathes to ēthos kai akinēton phylaxanta, boulesthai te autou kata tēn polin perimenein; peisthenta ge mēn antibolousi tois amphʼ auton, kai hōs an hypexelthoi parakalousi, proelthein eis ou porrō diestōta tēs poleōs agron, diatribein te syn oligois entautha, nyktōr kai methʼ hēmeran oute heteron prattonta ē tais pros ton kyrion diakarterounta euchais, diʼ hōn deisthai kai hiketeuein, eirēnēn exaitoumenon tais ana pasan tēn oikoumenēn ekklēsiais; touto gar kai einai ek tou pantos autǭ synēthes.
But the most wonderful Polycarp, when he first heard of these things, remained undisturbed, keeping his character steady and unmoved, and wished to stay there in the city. Yet, persuaded by those around him who entreated him and urged him to slip away, he went out to a farm not far from the city and stayed there with a few, doing nothing else night and day but persevering in prayers to the Lord, in which he begged and entreated, asking peace for the churches throughout the whole world; for this was his custom at all times.
Notes and citation
Summary: Polycarp, calm, was persuaded to withdraw to a farm, where he prayed night and day for the churches.
- Paraphrase of Mart. Pol. 5.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 5.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.9 (Dindorf 4:155; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-9).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.10Dindorf 4:155
καὶ δὴ εὐχόμενον ἐν ὀπτασίᾳ τριῶν πρότερον ἡμερῶν τῆς συλλήψεως νύκτωρ ἰδεῖν τὸ ὑπὸ κεφαλῆς αὐτῷ στρῶμα ἀθρόως οὕτως ὑπὸ πυρὸς φλεχθὲν δεδαπανῆσθαι, ἔξυπνον δὲ ἐπὶ τούτῳ γενόμενον εὐθὺς ὑφερμηνεῦσαι τοῖς παροῦσι τὸ φανὲν, μονονουχὶ τὸ μέλλον προθεσπίσαντα, σαφῶς τε ἀνειπόντα τοῖς ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ὅτι δέοι αὐτὸν διὰ Χριστὸν πυρὶ τὴν ζωὴν μεταλλάξαι.
kai dē euchomenon en optasią triōn proteron hēmerōn tēs syllēpseōs nyktōr idein to hypo kephalēs autǭ strōma athroōs houtōs hypo pyros phlechthen dedapanēsthai, exypnon de epi toutǭ genomenon euthys hyphermēneusai tois parousi to phanen, mononouchi to mellon prothespisanta, saphōs te aneiponta tois amphʼ auton hoti deoi auton dia Christon pyri tēn zōēn metallaxai.
And while praying, in a vision at night three days before his arrest, he saw the pillow under his head suddenly set on fire and consumed; and waking up at this, he at once interpreted what had appeared to those present, all but foretelling the future, and told those around him plainly that he must lay down his life by fire for Christ.
Notes and citation
Summary: Three days before his arrest Polycarp dreamed his pillow burned and foretold that he would die by fire.
- Paraphrase of Mart. Pol. 5.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 5.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.10 (Dindorf 4:155; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-10).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.11Dindorf 4:155–156
ἐπικειμένων δὴ οὖν σὺν πάσῃ σπουδῇ τῶν ἀναζητούντων αὐτὸν αὖθις πρὸς τῆς τῶν ἀδελφῶν διαθέσεως καὶ στοργῆς ἐκβεβιασμένον μεταβῆ- ναί φασιν ἐφʼ ἕτερον ἀγρὸν, ἔνθα μετʼοὐ πλεῖστον τοὺσ συνελαύνοντας ἐπελθεῖν, δύο δὲ τῶν αὐτόθι συλλαβεῖν παίδων, ὧν θάτερον αἰκισαμένους ἐπι– στῆναι διʼαὐτοῖ τῇ τοῦ Πολυκάρπου καταγωγῇ.
epikeimenōn dē oun syn pasę̄ spoudę̄ tōn anazētountōn auton authis pros tēs tōn adelphōn diatheseōs kai storgēs ekbebiasmenon metabē- nai phasin ephʼ heteron agron, entha metʼou pleiston tous synelaunontas epelthein, dyo de tōn autothi syllabein paidōn, hōn thateron aikisamenous epi– stēnai diʼautoi tę̄ tou Polykarpou katagōgę̄.
When those searching for him pressed on with all zeal, they say that, constrained again by the affection and love of the brothers, he moved to another farm, where not long afterwards the pursuers came, and seized two of the slaves there, one of whom they tortured and so came, through him, to Polycarp's lodging.
Notes and citation
Summary: Moving to another farm, Polycarp was found when a tortured slave betrayed him.
- Paraphrase of Mart. Pol. 6.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 6.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.11 (Dindorf 4:155–156; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-11).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.12Dindorf 4:156
ὀψὲ δὲ τῆς ὥρας ἐπελθόντας αὐτὸν μὲν εὑρεῖν ἐν ὑπερᾠῳ κατακείμενον, ὅθεν δυνατὸν ὄν αὐτῷ ἐφʼ ἑτέραν μεταστῆναι οὀκίαν μὴ βεβουλῆσθαι, εἰπόντα “τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ γινέσθω.”
opse de tēs hōras epelthontas auton men heurein en hyperǭǭ katakeimenon, hothen dynaton on autǭ ephʼ heteran metastēnai ookian mē beboulēsthai, eiponta “to thelēma tou theou ginesthō.”
Arriving late in the evening, they found him lying in an upper room; though he could have moved from there to another house, he had not wished to, saying, ‘The will of God be done.’
Acts 21:14 (echo, high confidence) · Matt 6:10 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They found him late in an upper room; he declined to flee, saying, “God's will be done.”
- Paraphrase of Mart. Pol. 7.1, echoing Matt 6:10 and Acts 21:14.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 7.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.12 (Dindorf 4:156; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-12).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.13Dindorf 4:156
Καὶ δὴ μαθὼν πα– ρόντας, ὡς ὁλόγος φηςὶ, καταβὰς αὐτοῖς διελέξατο, εὖ μάλα φαιδρῷ καὶ πραοτάτῳ προσώπῳ, ὡς καὶ θαῦμα δοκεῖν ὁρᾶν τοὺς πάλαι τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἀγνῶτας, ἐναποβλέποντας τῷ τῆς ἡλικίας αὐτοῦ παλαιῷ καὶ τῷ σεμνῷ καὶ εὐσταθεῖ τοῦ προσώπου, καὶ εἰ το– σαύτη γένοιτο σπουδὴ ὑπὲρ τοῦ τοιοῦτον συλληφθῆ– ναι πρεσβύτην.
Kai dē mathōn pa– rontas, hōs hologos phēsi, katabas autois dielexato, eu mala phaidrǭ kai praotatǭ prosōpǭ, hōs kai thauma dokein horan tous palai tou andros agnōtas, enapoblepontas tǭ tēs hēlikias autou palaiǭ kai tǭ semnǭ kai eustathei tou prosōpou, kai ei to– sautē genoito spoudē hyper tou toiouton syllēphthē– nai presbytēn.
And learning that they were there, as the account says, he came down and talked with them, with a very cheerful and gentle face, so that those who had not known the man before seemed to see a marvel, looking at his great age and the dignity and steadiness of his face, and wondering whether there was so much eagerness to arrest such an old man.
Notes and citation
Summary: Polycarp came down to his captors so serene that they marvelled at the effort spent to arrest such an old man.
- Paraphrase of Mart. Pol. 7.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 7.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.13 (Dindorf 4:156; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-13).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.14Dindorf 4:156
ὁ δʼ οὐ μελλήσας εὐθέως τρά– πεζαν αὐτοῖς παρατεθῆναι προστάττει, εἶτα τροφῆς ἀφθόνου μεταλαβεῖν ἀξιοῖ, μίαν τε ὥραν, ὡς ἄν προσεύξοιτο ἀδεῶς, παρʼαὐτῶν αἰτεπῖαι. ἐπιτρεψάν– των δὲ ἀναστὰς ηὔχετο, ἔμπλεως τῆς χάριτος ὤν τοῦ κυρίου, ὡς ἐκπληττεσθαι τοὺς παρόντας εὐχομένου αὐτοῦ ἀκροωμένους, πολλούς τε αὐτῶν μετανοεῖν ἤδη ἐπὶ τῷ τοιοῦτον ἀναιρεῖσθαι μέλλειν σεμνὸν καὶ θεοπρεπῆ πρεσβύτην,
ho dʼ ou mellēsas eutheōs tra– pezan autois paratethēnai prostattei, eita trophēs aphthonou metalabein axioi, mian te hōran, hōs an proseuxoito adeōs, parʼautōn aitepiai. epitrepsan– tōn de anastas ēucheto, empleōs tēs charitos ōn tou kyriou, hōs ekplēttesthai tous parontas euchomenou autou akroōmenous, pollous te autōn metanoein ēdē epi tǭ toiouton anaireisthai mellein semnon kai theoprepē presbytēn,
He, without delay, at once ordered a table to be set before them, then invited them to partake of abundant food, and asked of them one hour so that he might pray undisturbed. When they permitted it, he stood and prayed, being full of the grace of the Lord, so that those present were amazed as they listened to him praying, and many of them now repented that such a venerable and godlike old man was to be put to death.
Notes and citation
Summary: He fed his captors, prayed for an hour full of grace, and many regretted arresting him.
- Paraphrase of Mart. Pol. 7.2–3.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 7.2–3 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Topics: Prayer
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.14 (Dindorf 4:156; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-14).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.15Dindorf 4:156–157
ἐπὶ τούτοις ἡ περὶ αὐτοῦ γραφὴ κατὰ λέξιν ὧδέ πως τὰ ἑξῆς τῆς ἱστορίας ἔχει “ἐπεὶ δέ ποτε κατέπαυσε τὴν προσευχὴν, μνημονεύ– “σας ἁπάντων καὶ τῶν πώποτε συμβεβληκότων αὐτῷ “μικρῶν τε καὶ μεγόλων, ἐνδόξων τε καὶ ἀδόξων, “καὶ πάσης τῆς κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην καθολικῆς “ἐκκλησίας, τῆς ὥρας ἐλθούσης τοῦ ἐξιέναι, ὄνῳ “καθίσαντες αὐτὸν ἤγαγον εὶν πόλιν, ὄντος “σαββάτου μεγάλου, καὶ ὑπήντα αὐτῷ ὁ εἰρήναρ– “χος Ἡρώδης καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Νικήτης, οἳ καὶ “μεταθέντες αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ ὄχημα ἔπειθον παρακαθεζό- “ μενοι καὶ λέγοντες· τί γὰρ κακόν ἐστιν εἰπεῖν, κύριε ῾Καῖσαρ, καὶ θῦσαι καὶ διασώζεσθαι;
epi toutois hē peri autou graphē kata lexin hōde pōs ta hexēs tēs historias echei “epei de pote katepause tēn proseuchēn, mnēmoneu– “sas hapantōn kai tōn pōpote symbeblēkotōn autǭ “mikrōn te kai megolōn, endoxōn te kai adoxōn, “kai pasēs tēs kata tēn oikoumenēn katholikēs “ekklēsias, tēs hōras elthousēs tou exienai, onǭ “kathisantes auton ēgagon ein polin, ontos “sabbatou megalou, kai hypēnta autǭ ho eirēnar– “chos Hērōdēs kai ho patēr autou Nikētēs, hoi kai “metathentes auton eis to ochēma epeithon parakathezo- “ menoi kai legontes; ti gar kakon estin eipein, kyrie ῾Kaisar, kai thysai kai diasōzesthai?
After this the writing about him has the rest of the story word for word as follows: “When at last he had ended his prayer, having remembered all who had ever met him, small and great, famous and obscure, and the whole catholic church throughout the world, when the hour came to go out, they set him on an ass and led him into the city, it being a great sabbath. And the chief of police Herod and his father Nicetes met him, who, transferring him to their carriage, tried to persuade him as they sat beside him, saying, ‘What harm is there in saying, Caesar is Lord, and sacrificing, and being saved?’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): after his prayer he was taken to the city on a great sabbath, and Herod and Nicetes urged him to call Caesar lord and sacrifice.
- The quotation (4.15.15–43) is Mart. Pol. 8.1–19.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 8.1–2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.15 (Dindorf 4:156–157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-15).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.16Dindorf 4:157
ὁ δὲ τὰ “μὲν πρῶτα οὐκ ἀπεκρίνατο, ἐπιμενόντων δὲ αὐ- “τῶν ἔφη, οὐ μέλλω πράττειν ὃ συμβουλεύετέ μοι. οἱ “δὲ ἀποτυχόντες τοῦ πεῖσαι αὐτὸν δεινὰ ῥήματα ἔλε- “γον, καὶ μετὰ σπουδῆς καθῄρουν, ὡς κατιόντα ἀπὸ “ τοῦ ὀχήματος ἀποσῦραι τὸ ἀντικνήμιον. ἀλλὰ γὰρ “μὴ ἐπιστραφεὶς, οἷα μηδὲν πεπονθὼς, προθύμως “μετὰ σπουδῆς ἐπορεύετο, ἀγόμενος εἰς τὸ στάδιον. “
ho de ta “men prōta ouk apekrinato, epimenontōn de au- “tōn ephē, ou mellō prattein ho symbouleuete moi. hoi “de apotychontes tou peisai auton deina rhēmata ele- “gon, kai meta spoudēs kathę̄roun, hōs kationta apo “ tou ochēmatos aposyrai to antiknēmion. alla gar “mē epistrapheis, hoia mēden peponthōs, prothymōs “meta spoudēs eporeueto, agomenos eis to stadion. “
At first he did not answer; but when they persisted, he said, ‘I am not going to do what you advise me.’ Having failed to persuade him, they spoke terrible words and pulled him down in haste, so that as he got down from the carriage he scraped his shin. But without turning round, as though he had suffered nothing, he went on eagerly and quickly, being led into the stadium.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp refused; they threw him from the carriage, and he walked on unmoved to the stadium.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 8.2–3.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 8.2–3 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.16 (Dindorf 4:157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-16).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.17Dindorf 4:157
θορύβου δὲ τηλικούτου ὄντος ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ, ὡς μηδὲ πολλοῖς ἀκουσθῆναι, τῷ Πολυκάρπῳ εἰσιόντι “ εἰς τὸ στάδιον φωνὴ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ γέγονεν ἴσχυε, Πο- “λύκαρπε, καὶ ἀνδρίζου.’ καὶ τὸν μὲν εἰπόντα οὐδεὶς “εἶδεν, τὴν δὲ φωνὴν τῶν ἡμετέρων πολλοὶ ἤκουσαν.
thorybou de tēlikoutou ontos en tǭ stadiǭ, hōs mēde pollois akousthēnai, tǭ Polykarpǭ eisionti “ eis to stadion phōnē ex ouranou gegonen ischye, Po- “lykarpe, kai andrizou.’ kai ton men eiponta oudeis “eiden, tēn de phōnēn tōn hēmeterōn polloi ēkousan.
There being such an uproar in the stadium that not even many could be heard, as Polycarp entered the stadium a voice came to him from heaven: ‘Be strong, Polycarp, and play the man.’ And no one saw the speaker, but many of our people heard the voice.
Josh 1:6 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): as he entered the stadium a heavenly voice said, “Be strong, Polycarp, and play the man.”
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 9.1; compare Josh 1:6–9.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 9.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.17 (Dindorf 4:157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-17).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.18Dindorf 4:157
προσαχθέντος οὑν αὐτοῦ θόρυβος ἠν μέ- “γας, ἀκουσάντων ὅτι Πολύκαρπος συνείληπται. λοι- “πὸν οὖν προσελθόντα ἀνηρώτα ὁ ἀνθύπατος εἰ αὐτὸς εἴη Πολύκαρπος. καὶ ὁμολογήσαντος ἔπειθεν ἀρνεῖσθαι λέγων ‘αἰδέσθητί σου τὴν ἡλικίανʼ καὶ ἕτερα τούτοις ἀκόλουθα, ἃ σύνηθες αὐτοῖς λέγειν ἐστίν ῾ὄμοσον τὴν Καίσαρος τύχην, μετανόησον εἶ- ‘πον· ‘αἶρε τοὺς ἀθέους.’
prosachthentos houn autou thorybos ēn me- “gas, akousantōn hoti Polykarpos syneilēptai. loi- “pon oun proselthonta anērōta ho anthypatos ei autos eiē Polykarpos. kai homologēsantos epeithen arneisthai legōn ‘aidesthēti sou tēn hēlikianʼ kai hetera toutois akoloutha, ha synēthes autois legein estin ῾omoson tēn Kaisaros tychēn, metanoēson ei- ‘pon; ‘aire tous atheous.’
When he was brought forward, then, there was a great uproar, as they heard that Polycarp had been arrested. So when he came forward the proconsul asked him whether he was Polycarp. And when he admitted it, he tried to persuade him to deny, saying, ‘Respect your age,’ and other things following from these, which it is their custom to say: ‘Swear by the fortune of Caesar; repent; say, Away with the atheists!’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): the proconsul urged Polycarp to respect his age, swear by Caesar's fortune, and say “Away with the atheists.”
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 9.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 9.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.18 (Dindorf 4:157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-18).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.19Dindorf 4:157
ὁ δὲ Πολύκαρπος ἐμβριθεῖ τῷ προσώπῳ εἰς πάντα τὸν ὄχλον τὸν ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ ἐμβλέψας, ἐπισείσας αὐτοῖς τὴν χεῖρα, στενάξας τε καὶ ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν εἶπεν ῾ αἶρε τοὺς ἀθέους.’
ho de Polykarpos embrithei tǭ prosōpǭ eis panta ton ochlon ton en tǭ stadiǭ emblepsas, episeisas autois tēn cheira, stenaxas te kai anablepsas eis ton ouranon eipen ῾ aire tous atheous.’
But Polycarp, looking with a stern face on the whole crowd in the stadium, waving his hand at them, and groaning and looking up to heaven, said, ‘Away with the atheists!’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp, gesturing at the pagan crowd, said, “Away with the atheists!”
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 9.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 9.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.19 (Dindorf 4:157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-19).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.20Dindorf 4:157
ἐγκειμένου δὲ τοῦ ἡγουμένου καὶ λέγοντος ‘ὄμοσον, καὶ ἀπολύσω σε, λοιδόρησον τὸν Χριστόν, ’ ἔφη ὁ Πολύκαρπος· ‘ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἓξ ἔτη δουλεύω αὐτῷ, καὶ οὐδέν με ἠδίκησε· καὶ πῶς δύναμαι βλασφημῆσαι τὸν βασιλέα μου, τὸν σώσαντά με;
enkeimenou de tou hēgoumenou kai legontos ‘omoson, kai apolysō se, loidorēson ton Christon, ’ ephē ho Polykarpos; ‘ogdoēkonta kai hex etē douleuō autǭ, kai ouden me ēdikēse; kai pōs dynamai blasphēmēsai ton basilea mou, ton sōsanta me?
When the governor pressed him and said, ‘Swear, and I will release you; revile Christ,’ Polycarp said, ‘Eighty-six years I have served him, and he has done me no wrong. How can I blaspheme my King who saved me?’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp refused to revile Christ, whom he had served eighty-six years.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 9.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 9.3 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Christology
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.20 (Dindorf 4:157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-20).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.21Dindorf 4:157–158
ἐπιμένοντος δὲ πάλιν αὐτοῦ καὶ λέγοντος “‘ὄμοσον τὴν Καίσαρος τύχην; ὁ Πολύκαρπος ῾ εἰ κε “νοδοξεῖςʼ φησὶν, ‘ἵνα ὀμόσω τὴν Καίσαρος τύχη “ὡς λέγεις, προσποιούμενος ἀγνοεῖν ὅστις εἰμὶ, μεη παρρησίας ἄκουε· Χριστιανός εἰμι. εἰ δὲ θέλεις το “τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ μαθεῖν λόγον, δὸς ἡμέραν κα ‘ἄκουσον.’
epimenontos de palin autou kai legontos “‘omoson tēn Kaisaros tychēn? ho Polykarpos ῾ ei ke “nodoxeisʼ phēsin, ‘hina omosō tēn Kaisaros tychē “hōs legeis, prospoioumenos agnoein hostis eimi, meē parrēsias akoue; Christianos eimi. ei de theleis to “tou Christianismou mathein logon, dos hēmeran ka ‘akouson.’
When he persisted again and said, ‘Swear by the fortune of Caesar,’ Polycarp said, ‘If you vainly suppose that I will swear by the fortune of Caesar, as you say, pretending not to know who I am, hear plainly: I am a Christian. And if you wish to learn the doctrine of Christianity, give me a day and listen.’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp declared, “I am a Christian,” and offered to explain the faith.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 10.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 10.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.21 (Dindorf 4:157–158; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-21).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.22Dindorf 4:158
ἔφη ὁ ἀνθύπατος πεῖσον τὸν δῆμον “ Πολύκαρπος ἔφη ‘σὲ μὲν καὶ λόγου ἠξίωσα· δεδι“δάγμεθα γὰρ ἀρχαῖς καὶ ἐξουσίαις ὑπὸ θεοῦ τετα ‘γμέναις τιμὴν κατὰ τὸ προσῆκον τὴν μὴ βλάπτου “σαν ἡμᾶς ἀπονέμειν, ἐκείνους δὲ οὐκ ἀξίους ἡγοῦμα “τοῦ ἀπολογεῖσθαι αὐτοῖς.’
ephē ho anthypatos peison ton dēmon “ Polykarpos ephē ‘se men kai logou ēxiōsa; dedi“dagmetha gar archais kai exousiais hypo theou teta ‘gmenais timēn kata to prosēkon tēn mē blaptou “san hēmas aponemein, ekeinous de ouk axious hēgouma “tou apologeisthai autois.’
The proconsul said, ‘Persuade the people.’ Polycarp said, ‘You I have thought worthy of discussion; for we have been taught to give honour, as is fitting, to rulers and authorities appointed by God, such as does not harm us; but those I do not think worthy that I should make a defence to them.’
Rom 13:1 (echo, high confidence) · Rom 13:7 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp would reason with the proconsul, as Christians honour authorities, but not with the mob.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 10.2, echoing Rom 13:1, 7.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (unread letter in the digital text; reading certain from context; unread letters in the digital text; reading certain from context (δεδιδάγμεθα)): δε(??) “δάγμεθα → δεδι“δάγμεθα; βλάπτο(??) → βλάπτου.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 10.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.22 (Dindorf 4:158; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-22).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.23Dindorf 4:158
ὁ δὲ ἀνθύπατος ἔς “ “θηρία ἔχω· τούτοις σε παραβαλῶ, ἐὰν μὴ μετανοή- ῾σῃς.’ ὁ δὲ εἶπεν ‘κάλει, ἀμετάθετος γὰρ ἡμῖν ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν κρειττόνων ἐπὶ τὰ χείρω μετάνοια, καλὸν δὲ “ μετατίθεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν χαλεπῶν ἐπὶ τὰ δίκαια.’
ho de anthypatos es “ “thēria echō; toutois se parabalō, ean mē metanoē- ῾sę̄s.’ ho de eipen ‘kalei, ametathetos gar hēmin hē apo tōn kreittonōn epi ta cheirō metanoia, kalon de “ metatithesthai apo tōn chalepōn epi ta dikaia.’
The proconsul said, ‘I have wild beasts; I will throw you to them unless you repent.’ He said, ‘Call them; for repentance from better to worse is impossible for us, but it is good to change from what is harsh to what is just.’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): threatened with beasts, Polycarp said Christians cannot “repent” from better to worse.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 11.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 11.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.23 (Dindorf 4:158; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-23).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.24Dindorf 4:158
ὁ δὲ πάλιν πρὸς αὐτὸν ‘πυρί σε ποιήσω δαμασθ(??) “ ναλ, ἐὰν τῶν θηρίων καταφρονῇς, ἐὰν μὴ μετανο(??) “σῃς.’ Πολύκαρπος εἶπε ῾πῦρ ἀπειλεῖς πρὸς ὥρα “ καιόμενον καὶ μετʼ ὀλίγον σβεννύμενον· ἀγνοεῖς γα “τὸ τῆς μελλούσης κρίσεως καὶ αἰωνίου κολάσεως τοῖ “ἀσεβέσι τηρούμενον πῦρ. ἀλλὰ τί βραδύνεις; φέρ “ἃ βούλει.’
ho de palin pros auton ‘pyri se poiēsō damasth(??) “ nal, ean tōn thēriōn kataphronę̄s, ean mē metano(??) “sę̄s.’ Polykarpos eipe ῾pyr apeileis pros hōra “ kaiomenon kai metʼ oligon sbennymenon; agnoeis ga “to tēs mellousēs kriseōs kai aiōniou kolaseōs toi “asebesi tēroumenon pyr. alla ti bradyneis? pher “ha boulei.’
And he said to him again, ‘I will have you consumed by fire, if you despise the beasts, unless you repent.’ Polycarp said, ‘You threaten a fire that burns for an hour and is soon quenched; for you are ignorant of the fire of the coming judgment and eternal punishment reserved for the ungodly. But why do you delay? Bring what you will.’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): threatened with fire, Polycarp pointed to the eternal fire of judgment and told the proconsul to do as he wished.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 11.2. The digital text has unread letters (δαμασθ(??) ναλ for δαμασθῆναι).
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 11.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.24 (Dindorf 4:158; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-24).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.25Dindorf 4:158
ταῦτα δὲ καὶ ἕτερα πλείω λέγων θάρ σους καὶ χαρᾶς ἐνεπίμπλατο, καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αυ τοῦ χάριτος ἐπληροῦτο, ὥστε μὴ μόνον μὴ συμπε “σεῖν ταραχθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν λεγομένων πρὸς αὐτὸν “ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίαν τὸν ἀνθύπατον ἐκστῆναι, πέμψα “ τε τὸν κήρυκα καὶ ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σταδίῳ κηρῦξαι τρὶ Πολύκαρπος ὡμολόγησεν ἑαυτὸν Χριστιανὸν εἶναι “
tauta de kai hetera pleiō legōn thar sous kai charas enepimplato, kai to prosōpon au tou charitos eplērouto, hōste mē monon mē sympe “sein tarachthenta hypo tōn legomenōn pros auton “alla tounantian ton anthypaton ekstēnai, pempsa “ te ton kēryka kai en mesǭ tǭ stadiǭ kēryxai tri Polykarpos hōmologēsen heauton Christianon einai “
Saying these and many other things, he was filled with courage and joy, and his face was full of grace, so that not only did he not collapse, troubled by what was said to him, but on the contrary the proconsul was amazed, and sent the herald to proclaim three times in the midst of the stadium: ‘Polycarp has confessed himself to be a Christian.’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp, radiant with joy, amazed the proconsul, who had the herald announce his confession three times.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 12.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 12.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.25 (Dindorf 4:158; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-25).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.26Dindorf 4:158–159
τούτου λεχθέντος ὑπὸ τοῦ κήρυκος πᾶν τὸ πλῆ “θος τῶν ἐθνῶν τε καὶ Ἰουδαίων τῶν τὴν Σμύρνα “ κατοικούντων ἀκατασχέτῳ θυμῷ καὶ μεγάλῃ φων “ ἐβόα οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τῆς Ἀσίας διδάσκαλος, ὁ πατη “τῶν Χριστιανῶν, ὁ τῶν ἡμετέρων θεῶν καθαιρέ- “της, ὁ πολλοὺς διδάσκων μὴ θύειν μηδὲ προσκυ- “νεῖν.᾿
toutou lechthentos hypo tou kērykos pan to plē “thos tōn ethnōn te kai Ioudaiōn tōn tēn Smyrna “ katoikountōn akataschetǭ thymǭ kai megalę̄ phōn “ eboa houtos estin ho tēs Asias didaskalos, ho patē “tōn Christianōn, ho tōn hēmeterōn theōn kathaire- “tēs, ho pollous didaskōn mē thyein mēde prosky- “nein.᾿
When this had been said by the herald, the whole multitude of Gentiles and Jews living in Smyrna cried out with uncontrollable rage and a loud voice: ‘This is the teacher of Asia, the father of the Christians, the destroyer of our gods, who teaches many not to sacrifice nor to worship.’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): the crowd raged against Polycarp as the teacher of Asia and destroyer of their gods.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 12.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 12.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.26 (Dindorf 4:158–159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-26).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.27Dindorf 4:159
ταῦτα λέγοντες ἐπεβόων καὶ ἠρώτων τὸν “ἀσιάρχην Φίλιππον, ἵνα ἐπαφῇ τῷ Πολυκάρπῳ λέ- “οντα. ὁ δὲ ἔφη μὴ εἶναι ἐξὸν αὐτῷ, ἐπειδὴ πεπλη- “ρώκει τὰ κυνηγέσια. τότε ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς ὁμοθυμα- “δὸν ἐπιβοῆσαι, ὥστε ζῶντα τὸν Πολύκαρπον κατα- “καῦσαι.
tauta legontes epeboōn kai ērōtōn ton “asiarchēn Philippon, hina epaphę̄ tǭ Polykarpǭ le- “onta. ho de ephē mē einai exon autǭ, epeidē peplē- “rōkei ta kynēgesia. tote edoxen autois homothyma- “don epiboēsai, hōste zōnta ton Polykarpon kata- “kausai.
Saying this they shouted and asked the Asiarch Philip to let loose a lion on Polycarp. But he said it was not lawful for him, since he had closed the animal hunts. Then they thought fit to shout with one accord that Polycarp should be burned alive.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): the games being over, the crowd demanded that Polycarp be burned alive.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 12.2–3.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 12.2–3 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.27 (Dindorf 4:159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-27).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.28Dindorf 4:159
ἔδει γὰρ τὸ τῆς φανερωθείσης αὐτῷ “ἐπὶ τοῦ προσκεφαλαίου ὀπτασίας πληρωθῆναι, ὅτε “ἰδὼν αὐτὸ καιόμενον προσευχόμενος εἶπεν ἐπιστρα- “φεὶς τοῖς μετʼ αὐτοῦ πιστοῖς προφητικῶς ῾δεῖ με “ζῶντα κατακαῆναι.᾿
edei gar to tēs phanerōtheisēs autǭ “epi tou proskephalaiou optasias plērōthēnai, hote “idōn auto kaiomenon proseuchomenos eipen epistra- “pheis tois metʼ autou pistois prophētikōs ῾dei me “zōnta katakaēnai.᾿
For the vision that had appeared to him about the pillow had to be fulfilled, when, seeing it burning while he prayed, he turned and said prophetically to the faithful with him, ‘I must be burned alive.’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): this fulfilled his vision of the burning pillow.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 12.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 12.3 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.28 (Dindorf 4:159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-28).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.29Dindorf 4:159
ταῦτα οὖν μετὰ τοσούτου “τάχους ἐγένετο, θᾶττον ἢ ἐλέγετο, τῶν ὄχλων πα- “ραχρῆμα συναγόντων ἐκ τῶν ἐργαστηρίων καὶ ἐκ “τῶν βαλανείων ξύλα καὶ φρύγανα, μάλιστα Ἰου- “δαίων προθύμως, ὡς ἔθος αὐτοῖς, εἰς ταῦτα ὑπουρ- “γούντων.
tauta oun meta tosoutou “tachous egeneto, thatton ē elegeto, tōn ochlōn pa- “rachrēma synagontōn ek tōn ergastēriōn kai ek “tōn balaneiōn xyla kai phrygana, malista Iou- “daiōn prothymōs, hōs ethos autois, eis tauta hypour- “gountōn.
These things, then, happened with such speed, faster than could be told, the crowds at once gathering wood and brushwood from the workshops and the baths, the Jews especially helping eagerly in this, as is their custom.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): the crowd, especially the Jews, quickly gathered wood for the pyre.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 13.1. The hostile remark about the Jews is the Smyrnaean letter's own.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 13.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.29 (Dindorf 4:159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-29).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.30Dindorf 4:159
ἀλλὰ ὅτε ἡ πυρὰ ἡτοιμάσθη, ἀποθέ- “μενος ἑαυτῷ πάντα τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ λύσας τὴν ζώνην “ἐπειρᾶτο καὶ ὑπολύειν ἑαυτὸν, μὴ πρότερον τοῦτο “ποιῶν, διὰ τὸ ἀεὶ ἕκαστον τῶν πιστῶν σπουδάζειν “ὅστις τάχιον τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ ἐφάψηται· ἐν παντὶ “γὰρ ἀγαθῆς ἕνεκεν πολιτείας καὶ πρὸ τῆς πολιᾶς “ἐκεκόσμητο.
alla hote hē pyra hētoimasthē, apothe- “menos heautǭ panta ta himatia kai lysas tēn zōnēn “epeirato kai hypolyein heauton, mē proteron touto “poiōn, dia to aei hekaston tōn pistōn spoudazein “hostis tachion tou chrōtos autou ephapsētai; en panti “gar agathēs heneken politeias kai pro tēs polias “ekekosmēto.
But when the pyre was ready, he took off all his outer garments and loosed his girdle, and tried also to take off his shoes, though he had not done this before, because each of the faithful was always eager to be the first to touch his skin; for he had been adorned in every way because of his good life even before his old age.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp undressed himself, though the faithful had always vied to serve him.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 13.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 13.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.30 (Dindorf 4:159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-30).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.31Dindorf 4:159
εὐθέως οὖν αὐτῷ περιετίθετο τὰ “πρὸς τὴν πυρὰν ἡρμοσμένα ὄργανα, μελλόντων δὲ “αὐτῶν καὶ προσηλοῦν αὐτὸν εἶπεν ῾ἄφετέ με οὕτως· “ὁ γὰρ διδοὺς ὑπομεῖναι τὸ πῦρ δώσει καὶ χωρὶς τῆς “ὑμετέρας ἐκ τῶν ἥλων ἀσφαλείας ἀσκύλτως ἐπιμεῖ- “ναι τῇ πυρᾷ.᾿ οἱ δὲ οὐ καθήλωσαν, προσέδησαν δὲ “αὐτόν.
eutheōs oun autǭ perietitheto ta “pros tēn pyran hērmosmena organa, mellontōn de “autōn kai prosēloun auton eipen ῾aphete me houtōs; “ho gar didous hypomeinai to pyr dōsei kai chōris tēs “hymeteras ek tōn hēlōn asphaleias askyltōs epimei- “nai tę̄ pyrą.᾿ hoi de ou kathēlōsan, prosedēsan de “auton.
At once, then, the instruments prepared for the pyre were placed around him; and when they were about to nail him too, he said, ‘Leave me as I am; for he who grants me to endure the fire will grant me also to remain on the pyre unmoved without the security of your nails.’ So they did not nail him, but tied him.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp asked not to be nailed, trusting God to keep him still; they tied him instead.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 13.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 13.3 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.31 (Dindorf 4:159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-31).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.32Dindorf 4:159
ὁ δὲ ὀπίσω τὰς χεῖρας ποιήσας, καὶ “προσδεθεὶς ὥσπερ κριὸς ἐπίσημος ἀναφερόμενος “ἐκ μεγάλου ποιμνίου ὁλοκαύτωμα δεκτὸν θεῷ παν- “τοκράτορι, εἶπεν
ho de opisō tas cheiras poiēsas, kai “prosdetheis hōsper krios episēmos anapheromenos “ek megalou poimniou holokautōma dekton theǭ pan- “tokratori, eipen
And he, putting his hands behind him and being tied, like a noble ram taken from a great flock as an acceptable whole burnt offering to God Almighty, said:
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): bound like a ram chosen for sacrifice, Polycarp prayed.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 14.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 14.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.32 (Dindorf 4:159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-32).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.33Dindorf 4:159–160
῾ὁ τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ καὶ εὐλογη- “τοῦ παιδός σου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ πατὴρ, διʼ οὗ τὴν “περὶ σὲ ἐπίγνωσιν εἰλήφαμεν, ὁ θεὸς ἀγγέλων κα “ δυνάμεων καὶ πάσης τῆς κτίσεως παντός τε τοῦ γε νους τῶν δικαίων, οἳ ζῶσιν ἐνώπιόν σου, εὐλογῶ “ὅτι ἠξίωσάς με τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ ὥρας ταύτης, το “λαβεῖν μέρος ἐν ἀριθμῷ τῶν μαρτύρων, ἐν τῷ ποτη ῾ρίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, εἰς ἀνάστασιν ζωῆς αἰωνίου ψυ “ χῆς τε καὶ σώματος, ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ πνεύματος ἁγίον “
῾ho tou agapētou kai eulogē- “tou paidos sou Iēsou Christou patēr, diʼ hou tēn “peri se epignōsin eilēphamen, ho theos angelōn ka “ dynameōn kai pasēs tēs ktiseōs pantos te tou ge nous tōn dikaiōn, hoi zōsin enōpion sou, eulogō “hoti ēxiōsas me tēs hēmeras kai hōras tautēs, to “labein meros en arithmǭ tōn martyrōn, en tǭ potē ῾riǭ tou Christou, eis anastasin zōēs aiōniou psy “ chēs te kai sōmatos, en aphtharsią pneumatos hagion “
‘Father of your beloved and blessed Child Jesus Christ, through whom we have received knowledge of you, God of angels and powers and of all creation and of the whole race of the righteous who live before you, I bless you that you have thought me worthy of this day and hour, to take a share among the number of the martyrs in the cup of Christ, to the resurrection of eternal life of soul and body in the incorruptibility of the Holy Spirit;
Matt 20:22 (echo, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp blessed God for counting him worthy to share Christ's cup among the martyrs.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 14.1–2. “Cup” echoes Matt 20:22.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 14.1–2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Prayer, Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.33 (Dindorf 4:159–160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-33).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.34Dindorf 4:160
ἐν οἷς προσδεχθείην ἐνώπιόν σου σήμερον “ θυσίᾳ πίονι καὶ προσδεκτῇ, καθὼς “ προφανερώσας καὶ πληρώσας ὁ ἀψευδὴς καὶ ἀληθι “νὸς θεός.
en hois prosdechtheiēn enōpion sou sēmeron “ thysią pioni kai prosdektę̄, kathōs “ prophanerōsas kai plērōsas ho apseudēs kai alēthi “nos theos.
among whom may I be received before you today as a rich and acceptable sacrifice, as you, the God who does not lie and is true, prepared beforehand, revealed beforehand, and have fulfilled.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): he prayed to be received as an acceptable sacrifice.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 14.2. The digital text has lost προετοιμάσας after καθὼς.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 14.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.34 (Dindorf 4:160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-34).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.35Dindorf 4:160
διὰ τοῦτο καὶ περὶ πάντων σὲ αἰνο “σὲ εὐλογῶ, σὲ δοξάζω, διὰ τοῦ αἰωνίου ἀρχιερέο ῾ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ σου παιδὸς, δι “σοι σὺν αὐτῷ ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ δόξα, καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰ “ τοὺς μέλλοντας αἰῶνας, ἀμήν.’
dia touto kai peri pantōn se aino “se eulogō, se doxazō, dia tou aiōniou archiereo ῾ Iēsou Christou tou agapētou sou paidos, di “soi syn autǭ en pneumati hagiǭ doxa, kai nyn kai ei “ tous mellontas aiōnas, amēn.’
For this reason and for all things I praise you, I bless you, I glorify you, through the eternal high priest Jesus Christ, your beloved Child, through whom be glory to you with him in the Holy Spirit, both now and for the ages to come. Amen.’
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp ended with praise to the Father through Christ in the Holy Spirit.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 14.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 14.3 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.35 (Dindorf 4:160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-35).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.36Dindorf 4:160
ἀναπέμψαντα δὲ αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀμὴν καὶ πληρώσαντος τὴν προσευχη “οἱ τοῦ πυρὸς ἄνθρωποι ἐξῆψαν τὸ πῦρ, μεγάλης “ ἐκλαμψάσης φλογὸς θαῦμα εἴδομεν οἶς ἰδεῖν ἐδόθη “ οἳ καὶ ἐτηρήθησαν εἰς τὸ ἀναγγεῖλαι τοῖς λοιποῖς γενόμενα.
anapempsanta de autou to amēn kai plērōsantos tēn proseuchē “hoi tou pyros anthrōpoi exēpsan to pyr, megalēs “ eklampsasēs phlogos thauma eidomen ois idein edothē “ hoi kai etērēthēsan eis to anangeilai tois loipois genomena.
When he had uttered the Amen and completed the prayer, the men in charge of the fire lit it; and when a great flame blazed out, we to whom it was given to see saw a marvel, we who were also preserved to report what happened to the rest.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): the fire was lit, and the witnesses saw a marvel.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 15.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 15.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.36 (Dindorf 4:160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-36).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.37Dindorf 4:160
τὸ γὰρ πῦρ καμάρας εἶδος ποιῆσαη “ὥσπερ ὀθόνης πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένης “κύκλῳ περιετείχισε τὸ σῶμα τοῦ μάρτυρος, καὶ ἦη “ εἰς μέσον οὐχ ὡς σὰρξ καιομένη, ἀλλʼ ὡς χρυσο “καὶ ἄργυρος ἐν καμίνῳ πυρούμενος. καὶ γὰρ εὐα “ δίας τοιαύτης ἀντελαβόμεθα, ὡς λιβανωτοῦ πνέοη “τος ἢ ἄλλου τινὸς τῶν τιμίων ἀρωμάτων.
to gar pyr kamaras eidos poiēsaē “hōsper othonēs ploiou hypo pneumatos plēroumenēs “kyklǭ perieteichise to sōma tou martyros, kai ēē “ eis meson ouch hōs sarx kaiomenē, allʼ hōs chryso “kai argyros en kaminǭ pyroumenos. kai gar eua “ dias toiautēs antelabometha, hōs libanōtou pneoē “tos ē allou tinos tōn timiōn arōmatōn.
For the fire, making the shape of a vault, like a ship's sail filled by the wind, walled round the body of the martyr; and it was in the midst, not like flesh burning, but like gold and silver refined in a furnace. And we perceived such a fragrance as of breathing frankincense or some other precious spice.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): the fire formed a vault around him; he looked like refined gold, and a fragrance arose.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 15.2. The digital text repeats ὥσπερ.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated word in the digital text): “ὥσπερ ὥσπερ ὀθόνης → “ὥσπερ ὀθόνης.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 15.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.37 (Dindorf 4:160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-37).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.38Dindorf 4:160
πε ῾ρας γοῦν ἰδόντες οἱ ἄνομοι μὴ δυνάμενον τὸ σῶμα ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς δαπανηθῆναι ἐκέλευσαν προσελ- “θόντα αὐτῷ κομφἐκτορα παραβῦσαι τὸ ξίφος.
pe ῾ras goun idontes hoi anomoi mē dynamenon to sōma hypo tou pyros dapanēthēnai ekeleusan prosel- “thonta autǭ komphektora parabysai to xiphos.
At last the lawless, seeing that the body could not be consumed by the fire, ordered an executioner to go up and plunge in a dagger.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): since the fire did not consume him, an executioner stabbed him.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 16.1. κομφέκτωρ is the Latin confector, a slayer of wounded beasts.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 16.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.38 (Dindorf 4:160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-38).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.39Dindorf 4:160–161
“καὶ τοῦτο ποιήσαντος ἐξῆλθε πλῆθος αἵματος, ὥστε ῾κατασβέσαι τὸ πῦρ, καὶ θαυμάσαι πάντα τὸν ὄχλον, “εἰ τοσαύτη τις διαφορὰ μεταξὺ τῶν τε ἀπίστων καὶ “τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν, ὧν εἷς καὶ οὗτος γέγονεν ὁ θαυμα- “σιώτατος ἐν τοῖς καθʼ ἡμᾶς χρόνοις διδάσκαλος ἀπο- “στολικὸς καὶ προφητικὸς, γενόμενος ἐπίσκοπος τῆς “ἐν Σμύρνῃ καθολικῆς ἐκκλησίας. πᾶν γὰρ ῥῆμα, ὃ “ἀφῆκεν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐτελειώθη καὶ “τελειωθήσεται.
“kai touto poiēsantos exēlthe plēthos haimatos, hōste ῾katasbesai to pyr, kai thaumasai panta ton ochlon, “ei tosautē tis diaphora metaxy tōn te apistōn kai “tōn eklektōn, hōn heis kai houtos gegonen ho thauma- “siōtatos en tois kathʼ hēmas chronois didaskalos apo- “stolikos kai prophētikos, genomenos episkopos tēs “en Smyrnę̄ katholikēs ekklēsias. pan gar rhēma, ho “aphēken ek tou stomatos autou, kai eteleiōthē kai “teleiōthēsetai.
And when he had done this, so much blood came out that it quenched the fire, and the whole crowd marvelled that there was so great a difference between the unbelievers and the elect; of whom this man too was one, the most wonderful apostolic and prophetic teacher of our times, bishop of the catholic church in Smyrna. For every word which he uttered from his mouth both has been and will be fulfilled.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): his blood quenched the fire; Polycarp, apostolic and prophetic teacher, bishop of Smyrna, was one of the elect.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 16.1–2 (Eusebius's text lacks the “dove” of the manuscripts).
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 16.1–2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Church office
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.39 (Dindorf 4:160–161; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-39).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.40Dindorf 4:161
ὁ δὲ ἀντίζηλος καὶ βάσκανος καὶ “πονηρὸς, ὁ ἀντικείμενος τῷ γένει τῶν δικαίων, ἰδὼν “τὸ μέγεθος αὐτοῦ τῆς μαρτυρίας καὶ τὴν ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς “ ἀνεπίληπτον αὐτοῦ πολιτείαν, ἐστεφανωμένον τε τὸν ῾τῆς ἀφθαρσίας στέφανον καὶ βραβεῖον ἀναντίρρη- “ ’τον ἀπενηνεγμένον, ἐπετήδευσεν ὡς μηδὲ τὸ σω- “μάτιον αὐτοῦ ὑφʼ ἡμῶν ληφθείη, καίπερ πολλῶν ἐπιθυμούντων τοῦτο ποιῆσαι, καὶ κοινωνῆσαι τῷ ἁγίῳ αὐτοῦ σαρκίῳ.
ho de antizēlos kai baskanos kai “ponēros, ho antikeimenos tǭ genei tōn dikaiōn, idōn “to megethos autou tēs martyrias kai tēn apʼ archēs “ anepilēpton autou politeian, estephanōmenon te ton ῾tēs aphtharsias stephanon kai brabeion anantirrē- “ ’ton apenēnegmenon, epetēdeusen hōs mēde to sō- “mation autou hyphʼ hēmōn lēphtheiē, kaiper pollōn epithymountōn touto poiēsai, kai koinōnēsai tǭ hagiǭ autou sarkiǭ.
But the jealous and envious evil one, who opposes the race of the righteous, seeing the greatness of his martyrdom and his blameless life from the beginning, and that he had been crowned with the crown of incorruption and had carried off an undisputed prize, contrived that not even his poor body should be taken by us, though many desired to do this and to have fellowship with his holy flesh.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): the devil tried to keep the Christians from recovering Polycarp's body.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 17.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 17.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.40 (Dindorf 4:161; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-40).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.41Dindorf 4:161
ὑπέβαλον γοῦν τινες Νι- “κήτην, τὸν τοῦ Ἡρώδου πατέρα, ἀδελφὸν Ἄλκης, “ ἐντυχεῖν τῷ ἡγεμόνι, ὥστε μὴ δοῦναι αὐτοῦ τὸ σῶμα, μὴ, φησὶν, ἀφέντες τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον, τοῦ- “τον ἄρξωνται σέβειν. καὶ ταῦτα εἶπον ὑποβαλόντων καὶ ἐνισχυσάντων τῶν Ἰουδαίων, οἳ καὶ ἐτήρησαν μελλόντων ἡμῶν ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς αὐτὸν λαμβάνειν, ἀγνοοῦντες ὅτι οὔτε τὸν Χριστόν ποτε καταλιπεῖν “ δυνησόμεθα, τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου τῶν σωζομένων σωτηρίας παθόντα, οὔτε ἕτερόν τινα σέβειν.
hypebalon goun tines Ni- “kētēn, ton tou Hērōdou patera, adelphon Alkēs, “ entychein tǭ hēgemoni, hōste mē dounai autou to sōma, mē, phēsin, aphentes ton estaurōmenon, tou- “ton arxōntai sebein. kai tauta eipon hypobalontōn kai enischysantōn tōn Ioudaiōn, hoi kai etērēsan mellontōn hēmōn ek tou pyros auton lambanein, agnoountes hoti oute ton Christon pote katalipein “ dynēsometha, ton hyper tēs tou pantos kosmou tōn sōzomenōn sōtērias pathonta, oute heteron tina sebein.
Some, then, prompted Nicetes, the father of Herod and brother of Alce, to petition the governor not to give up his body, ‘lest,’ he said, ‘they abandon the crucified one and begin to worship this man.’ And they said this at the prompting and urging of the Jews, who also watched when we were about to take him from the fire, not knowing that we shall never be able either to forsake Christ, who suffered for the salvation of the whole world of those who are saved, or to worship any other.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Nicetes, urged by the Jews, asked that the body not be released lest Christians worship Polycarp; but Christians worship Christ alone.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 17.2. The hostility to the Jews is the Smyrnaean letter's own.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 17.2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Christology
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.41 (Dindorf 4:161; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-41).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.42Dindorf 4:161
τοῦτον μὲν γὰρ ὄντα υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ προσ- κυνοῦμεν, τοὺς δὲ μάρτυρας ὡς μαθητὰς καὶ μιμητὰς τοῦ κυρίου ἀγαπῶμεν ἀξίως, ἕνεκα εὐνοίας ἀνυπερβλήτου τῆς εἰς τὸν ἴδιον βασιλέα καὶ διδάσκαλον· ὡν γένοιτο καὶ ἡμᾶς συγκοινωνούς τε καὶ “ συμμαθητὰς γενέσθαι.
touton men gar onta huion tou theou pros- kynoumen, tous de martyras hōs mathētas kai mimētas tou kyriou agapōmen axiōs, heneka eunoias anyperblētou tēs eis ton idion basilea kai didaskalon; hōn genoito kai hēmas synkoinōnous te kai “ symmathētas genesthai.
For him, being the Son of God, we worship; but the martyrs, as disciples and imitators of the Lord, we love as they deserve for their unsurpassable devotion to their own King and Teacher. May it be granted us too to become their companions and fellow disciples.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Christians worship Christ the Son of God, but love the martyrs as his disciples and imitators.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 17.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 17.3 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Christology
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.42 (Dindorf 4:161; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-42).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.43Dindorf 4:161–162
ἰδὼν οὖν ὁ ἑκατοντάρχης τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων γενομένην φιλονεικίαν, θεὶς αὐτὸν ἐν μέσῳ, ὡς ἔθος αὐτοῖς, ἔκαυσεν. οὕτως τε “ἡμεῖς ὕστερον ἀνελόμενοι τὰ τιμιώτερα λίθων πο- “λυτελῶν καὶ δοκιμώτερα ὑπὲρ χρυσίον ὀστᾶ αὐτου “ ἀπεθέμεθα ὅπου καὶ ἀκόλουθον ἦν.
idōn oun ho hekatontarchēs tēn tōn Ioudaiōn genomenēn philoneikian, theis auton en mesǭ, hōs ethos autois, ekausen. houtōs te “hēmeis hysteron anelomenoi ta timiōtera lithōn po- “lytelōn kai dokimōtera hyper chrysion osta autou “ apethemetha hopou kai akolouthon ēn.
So the centurion, seeing the contentiousness of the Jews, set the body in the midst, as is their custom, and burned it. And so we afterwards took up his bones, more precious than costly stones and more valuable than gold, and laid them where it was fitting.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): the centurion burned the body; the Christians gathered the precious bones and laid them to rest.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 18.1–2.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 18.1–2 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.43 (Dindorf 4:161–162; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-43).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.44Dindorf 4:162
ἔνθα ὡς “ δυνατὸν ἡμῖν συναγομένοις ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει καὶ χαρδ “παρέξει ὁ κύριος ἐπιτελεῖν τὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου αὐτου “ἡμέραν γενέθλιον, εἴς τε τὴν τῶν προηθληκότων “ μνήμην καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἄσκησίν τε καὶ ἑτοιμα- “σίαν.
entha hōs “ dynaton hēmin synagomenois en agalliasei kai chard “parexei ho kyrios epitelein tēn tou martyriou autou “hēmeran genethlion, eis te tēn tōn proēthlēkotōn “ mnēmēn kai tōn mellontōn askēsin te kai hetoima- “sian.
There, as we are able, gathering in exultation and joy, the Lord will grant us to celebrate the birthday of his martyrdom, both in memory of those who have already contended and for the training and preparation of those to come.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): the church will gather there yearly to celebrate the “birthday” of his martyrdom.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 18.3, the earliest witness to an annual commemoration of a martyr.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 18.3 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.44 (Dindorf 4:162; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-44).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.45Dindorf 4:162
τοιαῦτα τὰ κατὰ τὸν μακάριον Πολύκαρ- “πον, σὺν τοῖς ἀπὸ Φιλαδελφείας δωδέκατον ἐν “Σμύρνῃ μαρτυρήσαντα, ὃς μόνος ὑπὸ πάντων μᾶλ- “λον μνημονεύεται, ὡς καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐν παντὶ “τόπῳ λαλεῖσθαι.”
toiauta ta kata ton makarion Polykar- “pon, syn tois apo Philadelpheias dōdekaton en “Smyrnę̄ martyrēsanta, hos monos hypo pantōn mal- “lon mnēmoneuetai, hōs kai hypo tōn ethnōn en panti “topǭ laleisthai.”
Such are the things concerning the blessed Polycarp, who, with those from Philadelphia, was the twelfth to be martyred in Smyrna, and who alone is remembered by all more than the others, so that he is spoken of everywhere even by the Gentiles.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The Martyrdom (quoted): Polycarp was the twelfth martyr at Smyrna, yet above all remembered everywhere.
- Quotation from Mart. Pol. 19.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. 19.1 (Martyrdom of Polycarp; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.45 (Dindorf 4:162; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-45).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.46Dindorf 4:162
τὰ μὲν δὴ κατὰ τὸν θαυμάσιον καὶ ἀποστολικὸν Πολύκαρπον τοιούτου κατηξίωτο τέλους, τῶν κατὰ τὴν Σμυρναίων ἐκκλησίαν ἀδελφῶν τὴν ἱστορίαν ἐν ᾗ δεδηλώκαμεν αὐτῶν ἐπιστολῇ κατατεθειμένων. ἐν τῇ αὐτῆ̣ δὲ περὶ αὐτοῦ γραφῇ καὶ ἄλλα μαρτύρια συνῆπτο κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν Σμύρναν πεπραγμένα ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτὴν περίοδον του χρόνου τῆς τοῦ Πολυκάρπου μαρτυρίας, μεθʼ ὧν καὶ Μητρόδωρος τῆς κατὰ Μαρκίωνα πλάνης πρεσβύτερος δὴ εἶναι δοκῶν πυρὶ παραδοθεὶς ἀνῄρηται.
ta men dē kata ton thaumasion kai apostolikon Polykarpon toioutou katēxiōto telous, tōn kata tēn Smyrnaiōn ekklēsian adelphōn tēn historian en hę̄ dedēlōkamen autōn epistolę̄ katatetheimenōn. en tę̄ autē de peri autou graphę̄ kai alla martyria synēpto kata tēn autēn Smyrnan pepragmena hypo tēn autēn periodon tou chronou tēs tou Polykarpou martyrias, methʼ hōn kai Mētrodōros tēs kata Markiōna planēs presbyteros dē einai dokōn pyri paradotheis anę̄rētai.
Such was the end thought worthy of the wonderful and apostolic Polycarp, the brothers of the church of the Smyrnaeans having recorded the story in their letter which we have quoted. In the same writing about him other martyrdoms were attached that took place in the same Smyrna in the same period of time as the martyrdom of Polycarp; among them Metrodorus, who seemed to be a presbyter of the Marcionite error, was given to the fire and put to death.
Notes and citation
Summary: The same letter also recorded other Smyrnaean martyrs, including the Marcionite presbyter Metrodorus, burned alive.
- The digital text has unread letters in ἐκκλησία(ς) and αὐτο(ῦ).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (unread letter in the digital text; reading certain from context): ἐκκλησία(??) → ἐκκλησίαν; αὐτο(??) → αὐτοῦ.
Extrabiblical texts: Mart. Pol. (Martyrdom of Polycarp; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.46 (Dindorf 4:162; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-46).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.47Dindorf 4:162–163
τῶν γε μὴν τότε περιβόητος μάρτυς εἷς τις ἐγνωρίζετο Πιόνιος, οὗ τὰς κατὰ μέρος ὁμολογίας, τήν τε τοῦ λόγου παρρησίαν, καὶ τὰς ὑπὲρ τῆς πίστεως ἐπὶ τοῦ δήμου καὶ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἀπολογίας, διδασκαλικάς τε δημηγορίας, καὶ ἔτι τὰς πρὸς τοὺς ὑποπεπτωκότας τῷ κατὰ τὸν διωγμὸν πειρασμῷ δεξιώσεις, παραμυθίας τε ἃς ἐπὶ τῆς εἱρκτῆς τοῖς παρʼ αὐτὸν εἰσαφικνουμένοις ἀδελφοῖς παρετίθετο, ἅς τε ἐπὶ τούτοις ὑπέμεινε βασάνους τε καὶ τὰς ἐπὶ ταύταις ἀλγηδόνας καθηλώσεις τε, καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς πυρᾶς καρτερίαν, τήν τε ἐφʼ ἅπασι τοῖς παραδόξοις αὐτοῦ τελευτὴν πληρέστατα τῆς περὶ αὐτοῦ γραφῆς περιεχούσης, τοὺς οἷς φίλον ἐπὶ ταύτην ἀναπέμψομεν, τοῖς τῶν ἀρχαίων συναχθεῖσιν ἡμῖν μαρτυρίοις ἐντεταγμένην.
tōn ge mēn tote periboētos martys heis tis egnōrizeto Pionios, hou tas kata meros homologias, tēn te tou logou parrēsian, kai tas hyper tēs pisteōs epi tou dēmou kai tōn archontōn apologias, didaskalikas te dēmēgorias, kai eti tas pros tous hypopeptōkotas tǭ kata ton diōgmon peirasmǭ dexiōseis, paramythias te has epi tēs heirktēs tois parʼ auton eisaphiknoumenois adelphois paretitheto, has te epi toutois hypemeine basanous te kai tas epi tautais algēdonas kathēlōseis te, kai tēn epi tēs pyras karterian, tēn te ephʼ hapasi tois paradoxois autou teleutēn plērestata tēs peri autou graphēs periechousēs, tous hois philon epi tautēn anapempsomen, tois tōn archaiōn synachtheisin hēmin martyriois entetagmenēn.
Of the famous martyrs of that time one was known named Pionius. His several confessions, the boldness of his speech, his defences of the faith before the people and the rulers, his instructive addresses, and further his kindness to those who had fallen in the trial of the persecution, the encouragements he gave in prison to the brothers who came to him, the tortures he endured besides, and the pains that followed them, the nailing, his endurance on the pyre, and his death after all these marvels, are most fully contained in the writing about him; to it we shall refer those who wish, as it is included in the martyrdoms of the ancients collected by us.
Notes and citation
Summary: The martyrdom of Pionius, with his confessions and endurance, is recorded in Eusebius's collection of early martyrdoms.
- Pionius was martyred under Decius (250); Eusebius misdates him here. Eusebius's Collection of Ancient Martyrdoms is lost.
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.47 (Dindorf 4:162–163; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-47).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.15.48Dindorf 4:163
ἑξῆς δὲ καὶ ἄλλων ἐν Περγάμῳ πόλει τῆς Ἀσίας ὑπομνήματα μεμαρτυρηκότων φέρεται, Κάρπου καὶ Παπύλου καὶ γυναικὸς Ἀγαθονίκης, μετὰ πλείστας καὶ διαπρεπεῖς ὁμολογίας ἐπιδόξως τετελειωμένων.
hexēs de kai allōn en Pergamǭ polei tēs Asias hypomnēmata memartyrēkotōn pheretai, Karpou kai Papylou kai gynaikos Agathonikēs, meta pleistas kai diaprepeis homologias epidoxōs teteleiōmenōn.
Next, records are extant of others who were martyred in Pergamum, a city of Asia: Carpus, Papylus, and a woman Agathonice, who were gloriously perfected after very many distinguished confessions.
Notes and citation
Summary: Records survive of the martyrs Carpus, Papylus, and Agathonice at Pergamum.
- The Martyrdom of Carpus, Papylus, and Agathonice survives separately.
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.15.48 (Dindorf 4:163; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-15-48).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
Church 4, chapter 16
4.16.1Dindorf 4:163
Κατὰ τούτους δὲ καὶ ὁ μικρῷ πρόσθεν ἡμῖν δηλωθεὶς Ἰουστῖνος, δεύτερον ὑπὲρ τῶν καθʼ ἡμᾶς δογμάτων βιβλίον ἀναδοὺς τοῖς δεδηλωμένοις ἄρχουσι, θείῳ κατακοσμεῖται μαρτυρίῳ, φιλοσόφου Κρίσκεντος (τὸς φερώνυμον δὲ οὑτος τῇ Κυνικῇ προσηγορίᾳ βίον τε καὶ τρόπον ἐζήλου) τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν αὐτῷ καταρτύσαντος, ἐπείπερ πλεονάκις ἐν διαλόγοις ἐπʼ ἀκροατῶν εὐθύνας αὐτὸν τὰ νικητήρια τελευτῶν ὑπὲρ ἡς ἐπρέσβευεν ἀληθείας διὰ τοῦ μαρτυρίου τοῦ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἀνεδήσατο.
Kata toutous de kai ho mikrǭ prosthen hēmin dēlōtheis Ioustinos, deuteron hyper tōn kathʼ hēmas dogmatōn biblion anadous tois dedēlōmenois archousi, theiǭ katakosmeitai martyriǭ, philosophou Kriskentos (tos pherōnymon de houtos tę̄ Kynikę̄ prosēgorią bion te kai tropon ezēlou) tēn epiboulēn autǭ katartysantos, epeiper pleonakis en dialogois epʼ akroatōn euthynas auton ta nikētēria teleutōn hyper hēs epresbeuen alētheias dia tou martyriou tou katʼ auton anedēsato.
At this time Justin too, whom we mentioned a little earlier, having presented a second book on behalf of our doctrines to the rulers mentioned, was adorned with divine martyrdom, when the philosopher Crescens (who emulated the life and manners of the Cynics, as his name suggested) laid a plot against him; since Justin had often refuted him in debates before hearers, he at last bound on the victor's crown, by his own martyrdom, for the truth he championed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin, after presenting his second apology, was martyred through the plotting of the Cynic Crescens, whom he had often refuted.
- Eusebius's “as his name suggested” rests on the Cynics' name (κύων, “dog”); the pun is obscure.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. (Second Apology; allusion)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.16.1 (Dindorf 4:163; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-16-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.16.2Dindorf 4:163
τοῦτο δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ ταῖς ἀληθείαις φιλοσοφώτατος ἐν τῇ δεδηλωμένῃ ἀπολογίᾳ σαφῶς οὕτως, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἔμελλεν ὅσον οὔπω περὶ αὐτὸν συμβήσεσθαι, προλαβὼν ἀποσημαίνει τούτοις αὐτοῖς τοῖς ῥήμασι
touto de kai autos ho tais alētheiais philosophōtatos en tę̄ dedēlōmenę̄ apologią saphōs houtōs, hōsper oun kai emellen hoson oupō peri auton symbēsesthai, prolabōn aposēmainei toutois autois tois rhēmasi
This the truly most philosophical man himself clearly indicates beforehand in the apology mentioned, as though it were about to happen to him very soon, in these very words:
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin foretold this in his apology.
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.16.2 (Dindorf 4:163; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-16-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.16.3Dindorf 4:163
‘κἀγὼ οὖν προσδοκῶ ὑπό τινος τῶν ὠνομασμένων ἐπιβουλευθῆναι, κἂν ξύλῳ ἐντιναγῆναι, ἢ κἂν ὑπὸ “Κρίσκεντος τοῦ ἀφιλοσόφου ἢ καὶ φιλοκόμπου. οὐ γὰρ φιλόσοφον εἰπεῖν ἄξιον τ ν ἄνδρα, ὅς γε περὶ ὧν μὴ ἐπίσταται δημοσίᾳ καταμαρτυρεῖ, ὡς ἀθέων καὶ ἀσεβῶν Χριστιανῶν ὄντων, πρὸς χάριν καὶ ἡδονὴν τῶν πολλῶν πεπλανημένως τοῦτο πράττων.
‘kagō oun prosdokō hypo tinos tōn ōnomasmenōn epibouleuthēnai, kan xylǭ entinagēnai, ē kan hypo “Kriskentos tou aphilosophou ē kai philokompou. ou gar philosophon eipein axion t n andra, hos ge peri hōn mē epistatai dēmosią katamartyrei, hōs atheōn kai asebōn Christianōn ontōn, pros charin kai hēdonēn tōn pollōn peplanēmenōs touto prattōn.
“I too, then, expect to be plotted against by one of those named, and to be fastened to the stocks, or even by Crescens, that lover not of wisdom but of noise. For the man is not worthy to be called a philosopher, since he publicly testifies against things he does not understand, saying that the Christians are atheists and impious, doing this mistakenly to court the favour and pleasure of the many.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted) expects to be plotted against by Crescens, no philosopher but a slanderer courting popularity.
- The quotation (4.16.3–6) is Justin, 2 Apol. 3.1–6 in the traditional numbering (chapter 8 in Rauschen's order used on this site).
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 8 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.16.3 (Dindorf 4:163; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-16-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.16.4Dindorf 4:163–164
εἴτε γὰρ μὴ ἐντυχὼν τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ διδάγμασι ‘κατατρέχει ημῶν, παμπόνηρός ἐστι καὶ ἰδιωτῶν πολυ χείρων, οἳ φυλάττονται πολλάκις περὶ ὡν οὐκ ἐπι στανται διαλέγεσθαι καὶ ψευδομαρτυρεῖν, καὶ εἰ ἐν τυχὼν μὴ συνῆκε τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς μεγαλεῖον, ἢ συνεὶς “πρὸς τὸ μὴ ὑποπτευθῆναι τοιοῦτος ταῦτα ποιεῖ, πολυ “μᾶλλον ἀγεννὴς καὶ παμπόνηρος, ἰδιωτικῆς καὶ ἀλο “γου δόξης καὶ φόβου ἐλάττων ὤν
eite gar mē entychōn tois tou Christou didagmasi ‘katatrechei ēmōn, pamponēros esti kai idiōtōn poly cheirōn, hoi phylattontai pollakis peri hōn ouk epi stantai dialegesthai kai pseudomartyrein, kai ei en tychōn mē synēke to en autois megaleion, ē syneis “pros to mē hypopteuthēnai toioutos tauta poiei, poly “mallon agennēs kai pamponēros, idiōtikēs kai alo “gou doxēs kai phobou elattōn ōn
For if he runs us down without having read the teachings of Christ, he is utterly wicked and much worse than the unlearned, who often take care not to talk about or bear false witness about things they do not understand. And if he has read them and did not understand the greatness in them, or understanding them does these things so as not to be suspected of being such, he is much more ignoble and utterly wicked, being inferior to unlearned and irrational opinion and fear.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): whether Crescens is ignorant of Christ's teaching or hides his understanding out of fear, he is wicked.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 3.2–3 (traditional numbering).
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 8 (Second Apology; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.16.4 (Dindorf 4:163–164; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-16-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.16.5Dindorf 4:164
καὶ γὰρ προ θέντα με καὶ ἐρωτήσαντα αὐτὸν ἐρωτήσεις τινὰς “τοιαύτας μαθεῖν καὶ ἐλέγξαι, ὅτι ἀληθῶς μηδὲν ἐπί- “σταται, εἰδέναι ὑμὰς βούλομαι. καὶ ὅτι ἀληθῆ λέγω, “εἰ μὴ ἀνηνέχθησαν ὑμῖν αἱ κοινωνίαι τῶν λόγων, ἕτοιμος καὶ ἐφʼ ὑμῶν κοινωνεῖν τῶν ἐρωτήσεων πάλιν· βασιλικὸν δʼ ἂν καὶ τοῦτο ἔργον εἴη.
kai gar pro thenta me kai erōtēsanta auton erōtēseis tinas “toiautas mathein kai elenxai, hoti alēthōs mēden epi- “statai, eidenai hymas boulomai. kai hoti alēthē legō, “ei mē anēnechthēsan hymin hai koinōniai tōn logōn, hetoimos kai ephʼ hymōn koinōnein tōn erōtēseōn palin; basilikon dʼ an kai touto ergon eiē.
For I wish you to know that when I put forward and asked him certain questions of this kind, I learned and proved that he truly knows nothing. And that I speak the truth, if the reports of our discussions have not been conveyed to you, I am ready to share the questions again before you too; and this would be a work worthy of a king.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): he questioned Crescens and proved his ignorance, and would repeat it before the emperors.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 3.4–5 (traditional numbering).
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 8 (Second Apology; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.16.5 (Dindorf 4:164; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-16-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.16.6Dindorf 4:164
εἰ δὲ καὶ “ἐγνώσθησαν ὑμῖν αἱ ἐρωτήσεις μου καὶ αἱ ἐκείνου “ἀποκρίσεις, φανερὸν ὑμῖν ἐστιν ὅτι οὐδὲν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐπίσταται· ἢ εἰ ἐπίσταται, διὰ τοὺς ἀκούον- “οντας δὲ οὐ τολμᾷ λέγειν, ὡς πρότερον ἔφην, οὐ “ φιλόσοφος, ἀλλὰ φιλόδοξος ἀνὴρ δείκνυται, ὅς γε “μηδὲ τὸ Σωκρατικὸν ἀξιέραστον ὂν τιμᾷ.” ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ὁ Ἰουστῖνος.
ei de kai “egnōsthēsan hymin hai erōtēseis mou kai hai ekeinou “apokriseis, phaneron hymin estin hoti ouden tōn hēmeterōn epistatai; ē ei epistatai, dia tous akouon- “ontas de ou tolmą legein, hōs proteron ephēn, ou “ philosophos, alla philodoxos anēr deiknytai, hos ge “mēde to Sōkratikon axieraston on timą.” tauta men oun ho Ioustinos.
But if my questions and his answers have become known to you, it is plain to you that he knows nothing of our affairs; or if he knows, but does not dare to speak because of his hearers, he shows himself, as I said before, to be not a philosopher but a lover of glory, since he does not honour even the Socratic saying, which is worthy of love.” So much Justin.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): Crescens is ignorant or cowardly, a lover of glory rather than of wisdom.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 3.6 (traditional numbering). The digital text repeats -οντας.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 8 (Second Apology; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.16.6 (Dindorf 4:164; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-16-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.16.7Dindorf 4:164
ὅτι δὲ κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ πρόρρησιν πρὸς τοῦ Κρίσκεντος συσκευασθεὶς ἐτελειώθη, Τατιανὸς ἀνὴρ τὸν πρῶτον αὐτοῦ βίον σοφιστεύσας ἐν τοῖς Ἑλλήνων μαθήμασι, καὶ δόξαν οὐ σμικρὰν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀπενηνεγμένος, πλεῖστά τε συγγράμμασιν αὐτοῦ καταλιπὼν μνημεῖα, έν τῷ πρὸς Ἕλληνας ἱστορεῖ λέγων ὧδέ πως “ καὶ ὁ θαυμασιώτατος Ἰουστῖνος ὀρ- “θῶς ἐξεφώνησεν ἐοικέναι τοὺς προειρημένους λῃσταῖς.”
hoti de kata tēn autou prorrēsin pros tou Kriskentos syskeuastheis eteleiōthē, Tatianos anēr ton prōton autou bion sophisteusas en tois Hellēnōn mathēmasi, kai doxan ou smikran en autois apenēnegmenos, pleista te syngrammasin autou katalipōn mnēmeia, en tǭ pros Hellēnas historei legōn hōde pōs “ kai ho thaumasiōtatos Ioustinos or- “thōs exephōnēsen eoikenai tous proeirēmenous lę̄stais.”
That he was perfected according to his own prediction through the machinations of Crescens, Tatian relates, a man who in his early life taught as a sophist in the learning of the Greeks and won no small fame in it, and left very many memorials in his writings; in his work Against the Greeks he says thus: “And the most wonderful Justin rightly declared that the aforesaid were like brigands.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Tatian (quoted) confirms that Justin was killed through Crescens.
- Quotation from Tatian, Or. 18.6 (or 18–19 in other divisions).
Extrabiblical texts: Tatian, Or. Graec. 18 (Oration to the Greeks; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.16.7 (Dindorf 4:164; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-16-7).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.16.8Dindorf 4:164–165
εἶτʼ ἐπειπών τινα περὶ τῶν φιλοσόφων ἐπιλέγει ταῦτα “Κρίσκης γοῦν, ὁ ἐννεοττεύσας τῇ “μεγάλῃ πόλει, παιδεραστίᾳ μὲν πάντας ὑπερήνεγκε, ‘φιλαργυρίᾳ δὲ πάνυ προσεχὴς ἦν.
eitʼ epeipōn tina peri tōn philosophōn epilegei tauta “Kriskēs goun, ho enneotteusas tę̄ “megalę̄ polei, paiderastią men pantas hyperēnenke, ‘philargyrią de pany prosechēs ēn.
Then, after saying some things about the philosophers, he adds this: “Crescens, at any rate, who made his nest in the great city, surpassed all in pederasty and was wholly given to love of money.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tatian (quoted): Crescens in Rome was notorious for pederasty and greed.
- Quotation from Tatian, Or. 19.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Tatian, Or. Graec. 19 (Oration to the Greeks; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.16.8 (Dindorf 4:164–165; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-16-8).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.16.9Dindorf 4:165
θανάτου δὲ “ὁ καταφρονεῖν συμβουλεύων οὕτως αὐτὸς ἐδεδίει “τὸν θάνατον ὡς καὶ Ἰουστῖνον καθάπερ μεγάλῳ “ κακῷ τῷ θανάτῳ περιβαλεῖν πραγματεύσασθαι, διότι κηρύττων τὴν ἀλήθειαν λίχνους τοὺς φιλοσόφους “ καὶ ἀπατεῶνας ἐξήλεγχεν.’’ καὶ τὸ μὲν κατὰ ’Ιουστῖνον μαρτύριον τοιαύτην εἴληχε τὴν αἰτίαν.
thanatou de “ho kataphronein symbouleuōn houtōs autos edediei “ton thanaton hōs kai Ioustinon kathaper megalǭ “ kakǭ tǭ thanatǭ peribalein pragmateusasthai, dioti kēryttōn tēn alētheian lichnous tous philosophous “ kai apateōnas exēlenchen.’’ kai to men kata ’Ioustinon martyrion toiautēn eilēche tēn aitian.
And he who advised others to despise death was himself so afraid of death that he contrived to inflict death on Justin as a great evil, because Justin, by proclaiming the truth, convicted the philosophers of being gluttons and impostors.” Such was the cause of Justin's martyrdom.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tatian (quoted): Crescens, who preached contempt of death, feared it and plotted Justin's death for exposing the philosophers.
- Quotation from Tatian, Or. 19.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Tatian, Or. Graec. 19 (Oration to the Greeks; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.16.9 (Dindorf 4:165; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-16-9).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
Church 4, chapter 17
4.17.1Dindorf 4:165
Ὁ δʼ αὐτὸς ἀνὴρ πρὸ τοῦ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἀγῶνος ἑτέρων πρὸ αὐτοῦ μαρτυρησάντων ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ αὐτοῦ μνημονεύει ἀπολογίᾳ, χρησίμως τῇ ὑποθέσει καὶ ταῦτα ἱστορῶν.
Ho dʼ autos anēr pro tou katʼ auton agōnos heterōn pro autou martyrēsantōn en tę̄ proterą autou mnēmoneuei apologią, chrēsimōs tę̄ hypothesei kai tauta historōn.
The same man, before his own contest, mentions in his former apology others who were martyred before him, recording this too usefully for our subject.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin records earlier martyrs in his apology.
- Eusebius calls it the “former” apology; the passage is in the Second Apology (chapter 2).
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.1 (Dindorf 4:165; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.2Dindorf 4:165
γράφει δὲ ὧδε “ γυνή τις συνεβίου ἀνδρὶ ἀκολασταίνοντι, ἀκολασταίνουσα καὶ αὐτὴ πρότερον. ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὰ “τοῦ Χριστοῦ διδάγματα ἔγνω, ἐσωφρονίσθη, καὶ τὸν ἄνδρα ὁμοίως σωφρονεῖν πείθειν ἐπειρᾶτο, τὰ δι- “δάγματα ἀναφέρουσα, τήν τε μέλλουσαν τοῖς οὐ σω- “φρόνως καὶ μετὰ λόγου ὀρθοῦ βιοῦσιν ἔσεσθαι ἐν “αἰωνίῳ πυρὶ κόλασιν ἀπαγγέλλουσα.
graphei de hōde “ gynē tis synebiou andri akolastainonti, akolastainousa kai autē proteron. epeidē de ta “tou Christou didagmata egnō, esōphronisthē, kai ton andra homoiōs sōphronein peithein epeirato, ta di- “dagmata anapherousa, tēn te mellousan tois ou sō- “phronōs kai meta logou orthou biousin esesthai en “aiōniǭ pyri kolasin apangellousa.
He writes thus: “A certain woman lived with a husband who was licentious, she herself having formerly been licentious too. But when she came to know the teachings of Christ, she became self-controlled and tried to persuade her husband likewise to be self-controlled, relating the teachings and declaring the punishment in eternal fire that will come to those who do not live with self-control and right reason.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): a formerly dissolute woman, converted, urged her licentious husband to reform, warning of eternal punishment.
- The quotation (4.17.2–13) is Justin, 2 Apol. 2.1–20.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Marriage, Ethics, Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.2 (Dindorf 4:165; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.3Dindorf 4:165
ὁ δὲ ταῖς “ αὐταῖς ἀσελγείαις ἐπιμένων ἀλλοτρίαν διὰ τῶν πράξεων ἐποιεῖτο τὴν γαμετήν. ἀσεβὲς γὰρ ἡγουμένη “ τὸ λοιπὸν ἡ γυνὴ συγκατακλίνεσθαι ἀνδρὶ παρὰ “ τὸν τῆς φύσεως νόμον καὶ παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον πόρους “ ἡδονῆς ἐκ παντὸς πειρωμένῳ ποιεῖσθαι τῆς συζυ- “γίας χωρισθῆναι ἐβουλήθη.
ho de tais “ autais aselgeiais epimenōn allotrian dia tōn praxeōn epoieito tēn gametēn. asebes gar hēgoumenē “ to loipon hē gynē synkataklinesthai andri para “ ton tēs physeōs nomon kai para to dikaion porous “ hēdonēs ek pantos peirōmenǭ poieisthai tēs syzy- “gias chōristhēnai eboulēthē.
But he, persisting in the same excesses, made his wife estranged by his deeds. For the woman, thinking it impious thereafter to lie with a husband who sought by every means to procure pleasure contrary to the law of nature and to what is right, wished to be separated from the marriage.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): because her husband persisted in unnatural vice, she wished to separate from him.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.3–4.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Marriage, Divorce, Ethics, Divorce and remarriage
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.3 (Dindorf 4:165; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.4Dindorf 4:165
καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐξεδυσω- “πεῖτο ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτῆς, ἔτι προσμένειν συμβουλευόν- “των, ὡς εἰς ἐλπίδα μεταβολῆς ἥξοντός ποτε τοῦ “ ἀνδρὸς, βιαζομένη ἑαυτὴν ἐπέμενεν.
kai epei exedysō- “peito hypo tōn autēs, eti prosmenein symbouleuon- “tōn, hōs eis elpida metabolēs hēxontos pote tou “ andros, biazomenē heautēn epemenen.
And when she was put to shame by her own people, who advised her still to remain, since her husband might at some time come to the hope of change, she forced herself and remained.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): urged by her family, she stayed, hoping he would change.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Marriage, Divorce, Divorce and remarriage
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.4 (Dindorf 4:165; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.5Dindorf 4:165–166
ἐπειδὴ δὲ “ ὁ ταύτης ἀνὴρ εἰς τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν πορευθεὶς χα- “λεπώτερα πράττειν ἀπηγγέλθη, ὅπως μὴ κοινωνὸς “ τῶν ἀδικημάτων καὶ ἀσεβημάτων γένηται, μένουσα “ἐν τῇ συζυγίᾳ, καὶ ὁμοδίαιτος καὶ ὁμόκοιτος γινο- “μένη, τὸ λεγόμενον παρʼ ἡμῖν ῥεπούδιον δοῦσα “ ἐχωρίσθη.
epeidē de “ ho tautēs anēr eis tēn Alexandreian poreutheis cha- “lepōtera prattein apēngelthē, hopōs mē koinōnos “ tōn adikēmatōn kai asebēmatōn genētai, menousa “en tę̄ syzygią, kai homodiaitos kai homokoitos gino- “menē, to legomenon parʼ hēmin rhepoudion dousa “ echōristhē.
But when her husband went to Alexandria and was reported to be behaving worse, so that she might not become a partner in his wrongs and impieties by remaining in the marriage and sharing his table and bed, she gave him what is called among us a repudium and was separated.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): when her husband behaved even worse in Alexandria, she served him a bill of divorce (repudium) so as not to share his sins.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.6. Ῥεπούδιον transliterates the Latin repudium, the Roman formal notice of divorce. Eusebius's text reads “among us” (παρʼ ἡμῖν); the manuscript of Justin has “among you” (παρʼ ὑμῖν). Justin presents the separation approvingly as a refusal to share in the husband's sins; he says nothing about remarriage.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Divorce, Marriage, Divorce and remarriage
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.5 (Dindorf 4:165–166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.6Dindorf 4:166
ὁ δὲ καλὸς κἀγαθὸς ταύτης ἀνὴρ, δέον “αὐτὸν χαίρειν, ὅτι ἃ πάλαι μετὰ τῶν ὑπηρετῶν καὶ “τῶν μισθοφόρων εὐχερῶς ἔπραττε, μέθαις χαίρουσα ’῾καὶ κακίᾳ πάσῃ, τούτων μὲν τῶν πράξεων πέπαυτο, “καὶ αὐτὸν τὰ αὐτὰ παύσασθαι πράττοντα ἐβούλετο, μὴ βουλομένου ἀπαλλαγείσης κατηγορίαν πεποίηται, “λέγων αὐτὴν Χριστιανὴν εἶναι.
ho de kalos kagathos tautēs anēr, deon “auton chairein, hoti ha palai meta tōn hypēretōn kai “tōn misthophorōn eucherōs epratte, methais chairousa ’῾kai kakią pasę̄, toutōn men tōn praxeōn pepauto, “kai auton ta auta pausasthai prattonta ebouleto, mē boulomenou apallageisēs katēgorian pepoiētai, “legōn autēn Christianēn einai.
But her fine and noble husband, when he ought to have rejoiced that she had ceased from what she used to do readily with the servants and hirelings, delighting in drunkenness and every vice, and wished him too to cease doing the same, since she had left him against his will, brought an accusation, saying that she was a Christian.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): the husband, instead of rejoicing at her reform, denounced her as a Christian.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.7–8. The digital text repeats λέγων.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated word in the digital text): “λέγων λέγων αὐτὴν → “λέγων αὐτὴν.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Persecution, Divorce, Divorce and remarriage
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.6 (Dindorf 4:166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.7Dindorf 4:166
καὶ ἡ μὲν βιβλί- “διόν σοι τῷ αὐτοκράτορι ἀναδέδωκε, πρότερον συγ- “ χωρηθῆναι αὐτῇ διοικήσασθαι τὰ ἑαυτῆς ἀξιοῦσα, ῾ ἔπειτα ἀπολογήσασθαι περὶ τοῦ κατηγορήματος μετὰ ‘τὴν τᾶν πραγμάτων αὐτῆς διοίκησιν. καὶ συνεχώ- “ρησας τοῦτο.
kai hē men bibli- “dion soi tǭ autokratori anadedōke, proteron syg- “ chōrēthēnai autę̄ dioikēsasthai ta heautēs axiousa, ῾ epeita apologēsasthai peri tou katēgorēmatos meta ‘tēn tan pragmatōn autēs dioikēsin. kai synechō- “rēsas touto.
And she presented a petition to you, the emperor, asking that she be allowed first to set her affairs in order, and then to make her defence concerning the charge after the settlement of her affairs; and you granted this.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): she petitioned the emperor for time to settle her affairs before answering, and it was granted.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.8. The digital text repeats -διόν.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated syllables in the digital text): βιβλί- “διόν διόν σοι → βιβλί- “διόν σοι.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.7 (Dindorf 4:166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-7).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.8Dindorf 4:166
ὁ δὲ ταύτης ποτὲ ἀνὴρ, πρὸς ἐκεί- “νην μὲν μὴ δυνάμενος τὰ νῦν ἔτι λέγειν, πρὸς Πτολεμαῖόν τινα, ὃν Οὐρβίκιος ἐκολάσατο, διδάσκαλον “ ἐκείνης τῶν Χριστιανῶν μαθημάτων γενόμενον, ἐτράπετο διὰ τοῦδε τοῦ τρόπου.
ho de tautēs pote anēr, pros ekei- “nēn men mē dynamenos ta nyn eti legein, pros Ptolemaion tina, hon Ourbikios ekolasato, didaskalon “ ekeinēs tōn Christianōn mathēmatōn genomenon, etrapeto dia toude tou tropou.
And her former husband, being unable to say anything more against her for the present, turned against a certain Ptolemaeus, whom Urbicius punished, who had been her teacher in the Christian teachings, in the following way.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): the husband then turned on Ptolemaeus, her Christian teacher.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.9.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.8 (Dindorf 4:166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-8).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.9Dindorf 4:166
ἑκατόνταρχον “εἰς δεσμὰ ἐμβαλόντα τὸν Πτολεμαῖον, φίλον αὐτῷ “ὑπάρχοντα, ἔπεισε λαβέσθαι τοῦ Πτολεμαίου καὶ ἀνερωτῆσαι εἰ, αὐτὸ τοῦτο μόνον, Χριστιανός ἐστι. “καὶ τὸν Πτολεμαῖον φιλαλήθη, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἀπατηλὸν “ οὐδὲ ψευδολόγον τὴν γνώμην ὄντα, ὁμολογήσαντα ἑαυτὸν εἶναι Χριστιανὸν, ἐν δεσμοῖς γενέσθαι ὁ “ ἑκατόνταρχος πεποίηκε, καὶ ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἐν “ τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ ἐκολάσατο.
hekatontarchon “eis desma embalonta ton Ptolemaion, philon autǭ “hyparchonta, epeise labesthai tou Ptolemaiou kai anerōtēsai ei, auto touto monon, Christianos esti. “kai ton Ptolemaion philalēthē, allʼ ouk apatēlon “ oude pseudologon tēn gnōmēn onta, homologēsanta heauton einai Christianon, en desmois genesthai ho “ hekatontarchos pepoiēke, kai epi polyn chronon en “ tǭ desmōtēriǭ ekolasato.
He persuaded a centurion who was a friend of his to throw Ptolemaeus into prison, to seize him, and to ask him only this, whether he was a Christian. And when Ptolemaeus, being a lover of truth and not of a deceitful or lying disposition, confessed himself to be a Christian, the centurion had him put in bonds and punished him for a long time in the prison.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): Ptolemaeus confessed he was a Christian and was long imprisoned.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.10–11.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.9 (Dindorf 4:166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-9).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.10Dindorf 4:166
τελευταῖον δὲ ὅτε “ ἐπὶ Οὐρβίκιον ἤχθη ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὁμοίως αὐτὸ τοῦτο ‘μόνον ἐξητάσθη, εἰ εἴη Χριστιανός. καὶ πάλιν τὰ “ καλὰ ἑαυτῷ συνεπιστάμενος διὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ Χρι- “στοῦ διδαχὴν, τὸ διδασκαλεῖον τῆς θείας ἀρετῆς ὡμολόγησεν.
teleutaion de hote “ epi Ourbikion ēchthē ho anthrōpos, homoiōs auto touto ‘monon exētasthē, ei eiē Christianos. kai palin ta “ kala heautǭ synepistamenos dia tēn apo tou Chri- “stou didachēn, to didaskaleion tēs theias aretēs hōmologēsen.
At last, when the man was brought before Urbicius, likewise this alone was asked, whether he was a Christian. And again, conscious of the good that he had through the teaching of Christ, he confessed the school of divine virtue.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): before Urbicius Ptolemaeus again confessed Christ.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.12–13.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.10 (Dindorf 4:166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-10).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.11Dindorf 4:166–167
ὁ γὰρ ἀρνούμενος ὁτιοῦν ἢ κα- “τεγνωκὼς τοῦ πράγματος ἔξαρνος γίνεται, ἢ ἑαυτὸν “ἀνάξιον ἐπιστάμενος καὶ ἀλλότριον τοῦ πράγματος “ τὴν ὁμολογίαν φεύγει. ὧν οὐδὲν πρόσεστι τῷ ἀληθινῷ Χριστιανῷ.
ho gar arnoumenos hotioun ē ka- “tegnōkōs tou pragmatos exarnos ginetai, ē heauton “anaxion epistamenos kai allotrion tou pragmatos “ tēn homologian pheugei. hōn ouden prosesti tǭ alēthinǭ Christianǭ.
For he who denies anything either denies it because he condemns the thing, or avoids confession knowing himself unworthy of and alien to it; neither of which belongs to the true Christian.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): a true Christian has no reason to deny his faith.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.14.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.11 (Dindorf 4:166–167; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-11).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.12Dindorf 4:167
καὶ τοῦ Οὐρβικίου κελεύσαν- ‘τος αὐτὸν ἀπαχθῆναι, Λούκιός τις, καὶ αὐτὸς ὢν ῾ Χριστιανὸς, ὁρῶν τὴν ἀλόγως οὕτω γενομένην κρίσιν, πρὸς τὸν Οὐρβίκιον ἔφη ‘τίς ἡ αἰτία τοῦ μήτε μοιχὸν, μήτε πόρνον, μήτε ἀνδροφόνον, μήτε λωποδύτην, μήτε ἅρπαγα, μήτε ἁπλῶς ἀδίκημά τι πράξαντα ἐλεγχόμενον, ὀνόματος δὲ Χριστιανοῦ “ πρωσωνυμίαν ὁμολογοῦντα τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον “ἐκολάσω; οὐ πρέποντα Εὐσεβεῖ αὐτοκράτορι οὐδὲ φιλοσόφῳ Καίσαρος παιδὶ, οὐδὲ ἱερᾷ συγκλήτῳ κρίνεις, ὠ Οὐρβίκιε.᾿
kai tou Ourbikiou keleusan- ‘tos auton apachthēnai, Loukios tis, kai autos ōn ῾ Christianos, horōn tēn alogōs houtō genomenēn krisin, pros ton Ourbikion ephē ‘tis hē aitia tou mēte moichon, mēte pornon, mēte androphonon, mēte lōpodytēn, mēte harpaga, mēte haplōs adikēma ti praxanta elenchomenon, onomatos de Christianou “ prōsōnymian homologounta ton anthrōpon touton “ekolasō? ou preponta Eusebei autokratori oude philosophǭ Kaisaros paidi, oude hierą synklētǭ krineis, ō Ourbikie.᾿
And when Urbicius ordered him to be led away, a certain Lucius, himself also a Christian, seeing the judgment given so unreasonably, said to Urbicius, ‘What is the reason why you have punished this man, who is convicted neither of adultery, nor of sexual immorality, nor of murder, nor of stealing clothes, nor of robbery, nor in short of any wrongdoing, but who confesses the name of Christian? You do not judge, Urbicius, as befits the emperor Pius, nor the philosopher, the son of Caesar, nor the sacred senate.’
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): Lucius protested that Ptolemaeus was condemned for no crime but the name of Christian.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.15–16. μοιχός “adulterer” and πόρνος “sexually immoral man” are kept distinct.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.12 (Dindorf 4:167; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-12).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.
4.17.13Dindorf 4:167
καὶ ὃς οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἀποκρινάμενος καὶ πρὸς τὸν Λούκιον ἔφη ῾δοκεῖς μοι καὶ σὺ εἶναι τοιοῦτος.’ καὶ τοῦ Λουκίου φήσαντος ῾μάλισταʼ πάλιν καὶ αὐτὸν ἀπαχθῆναι ἐκέλευσεν. ὁ δὲ χάριν εἰδέναι ὡμολόγει· πονηρῶν γὰρ δεσποτῶν τῶν τοιούτων ἀπηλλάχθαι ἐπεῖπε, καὶ παρὰ ἀγαθὸν πατέρα καὶ βασιλέα τὸν θεὸν πορεύεσθαι. καὶ ἄλλος δὲ τρίτος ἐπελθὼν κολασθῆναι προσετιμήθη. ” τούτοις ὁ Ἰουστῖνος εἰκότως καὶ ἀκολούθως ἃς προεμνημονεύσαμεν αὐτοῦ φωνὰς ἐπάγει λέγων “κἀγὼ οὐν προσδοκῶ ὑπό τινος τῶν ὠνομασμένων ἐπιβουλευθῆναι” καὶ τὰ λοιπά.
kai hos ouden allo apokrinamenos kai pros ton Loukion ephē ῾dokeis moi kai sy einai toioutos.’ kai tou Loukiou phēsantos ῾malistaʼ palin kai auton apachthēnai ekeleusen. ho de charin eidenai hōmologei; ponērōn gar despotōn tōn toioutōn apēllachthai epeipe, kai para agathon patera kai basilea ton theon poreuesthai. kai allos de tritos epelthōn kolasthēnai prosetimēthē. ” toutois ho Ioustinos eikotōs kai akolouthōs has proemnēmoneusamen autou phōnas epagei legōn “kagō oun prosdokō hypo tinos tōn ōnomasmenōn epibouleuthēnai” kai ta loipa.
And he, answering nothing else, said to Lucius too, ‘You also seem to me to be such a one.’ And when Lucius said, ‘Certainly,’ he ordered him too to be led away. He professed his thanks; for he said he was being released from such wicked masters and going to God, the good Father and King. And a third also came forward and was sentenced to be punished.” To these words Justin fittingly and consistently adds the words of his which we quoted before, saying, “I too, then, expect to be plotted against by one of those named,” and the rest.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin (quoted): Lucius confessed and was condemned too, thanking God; a third followed; Justin then foresees his own fate.
- Quotation from Justin, 2 Apol. 2.17–20 and 3.1 (traditional numbering).
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 2 Apol. 2 (Second Apology; quotation)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.17.13 (Dindorf 4:167; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-historia/4-13-1/#p-4-17-13).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 4 (Teubner, 1871); made independently of existing English translations.