1 Peter 1 in the early church
336 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Peter 1, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25
1 Peter 1 as a whole
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1–1Pet:5 | Canon 60 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 343–381 |
| 1 Pet 1–1Pet:5 | Canon 47 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 397 |
1 Peter 1:1
Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To the elect who are exiles of the Dispersion throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, chosen
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:1 | Fragments on Genesis, column 91 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Pet 1:1 | Church History 3.1.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| 1 Pet 1:1 | Church History 3.4.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| 1 Pet 1:1 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 27.6.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, low confidence | 374-377 |
| 1 Pet 1:1 | On Illustrious Men 1 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 392–393 |
| 1 Pet 1:1 | Commentary on Jeremiah 1.8 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
1 Peter 1:2
according to the foreknowledge of God the Father and sanctified by the Spirit for obedience to Jesus Christ and sprinkling by His blood: Grace and peace be yours in abundance.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:2 | 1 Clement, inscription · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| 1 Pet 1:2 | Epistle of Barnabas 5.1 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 70–135 (often ca. 130) |
| 1 Pet 1:2 | Martyrdom of Polycarp, inscription · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 156–160 |
| 1 Pet 1:2 | Commentary on Romans 5.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| 1 Pet 1:2 | Against Marcellus 1.2.18 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, low confidence | ca. 336–337 |
| 1 Pet 1:2 | Homilies on the Psalms 28.5 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| 1 Pet 1:2 | Letter 69.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 1:2 | Letter 75.1 · Jerome | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 1:2 | Letter 149.5 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 1:2 | Apostolic Constitutions 1.0.1 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380 |
1 Peter 1:3
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! By His great mercy He has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:3–25 | Adumbrations on 1 Peter, paragraph 1 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | original ca. 200; Latin translation 6th century |
| 1 Pet 1:3 | The Instructor 1.6.49 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 1:3 | Oration III Against the Arians 61 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| 1 Pet 1:3 | Homilies on Matthew 71.4 · John Chrysostom | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
| 1 Pet 1:3–5 | Against Jovinianus 1.39 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| 1 Pet 1:3 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.41 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 411–412 |
| 1 Pet 1:3–5 | Apologetic Book 27.4 · Orosius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 415–416 |
1 Peter 1:4
and into an inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, and unfading, reserved in heaven for you,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:4 | Dialogue with Trypho 139.5 · Justin Martyr | echo, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| 1 Pet 1:4 | Against Heresies 4.11.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| 1 Pet 1:4 | Letters to Virgins 1.9.4 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century |
| 1 Pet 1:4 | Divine Institutes 7.27.11 · Lactantius | echo, low confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| 1 Pet 1:4 | Ancoratus 61.8 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374 |
| 1 Pet 1:4 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 38.1.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| 1 Pet 1:4 | Letters 13.27 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Pet 1:4 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 7.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| 1 Pet 1:4 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.41 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 411–412 |
1 Peter 1:5
who through faith are shielded by God’s power for the salvation that is ready to be revealed in the last time.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:5 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.41 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 411–412 |
| 1 Pet 1:5 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.55 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 411–412 |
| 1 Pet 1:5 | Apologetic Book 28.1 · Orosius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 415–416 |
1 Peter 1:6
In this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in various trials
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:6 | Miscellanies 4.20.129 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 1:6 | Exhortation to Martyrdom 39 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | 235 |
| 1 Pet 1:6 | Letter 9 · Ammonas | quotation, high confidence | ca. 340-360 |
1 Peter 1:7
so that the proven character of your faith—more precious than gold, which perishes even though refined by fire—may result in praise, glory, and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ.
1 Peter 1:8
Though you have not seen Him, you love Him; and though you do not see Him now, you believe in Him and rejoice with an inexpressible and glorious joy,
1 Peter 1:9
now that you are receiving the goal of your faith, the salvation of your souls.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:9 | Miscellanies 4.20.129 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 1:9 | On First Principles 2.8.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| 1 Pet 1:9 | Commentary on Matthew 12.27 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| 1 Pet 1:9 | Letters to Serapion 1.6 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| 1 Pet 1:9 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 86.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| 1 Pet 1:9 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.41 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 411–412 |
| 1 Pet 1:9–10 | Apologetic Book 21.3 · Orosius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 415–416 |
1 Peter 1:10
Concerning this salvation, the prophets who foretold the grace to come to you searched and investigated carefully,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:10–11 | Letter of the six bishops to Paul 7 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 264–269 |
| 1 Pet 1:10 | Commentary on Ephesians 3.5 · Marius Victorinus | allusion, low confidence | ca. 360–363 |
| 1 Pet 1:10–12 | Book 2, chapter 18 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 440-450 |
1 Peter 1:11
trying to determine the time and setting to which the Spirit of Christ in them was pointing when He predicted the sufferings of Christ and the glories to follow.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:11 | To the Magnesians 9.2 · Ignatius of Antioch | echo, low confidence | ca. 110 (range ca. 105–135) |
| 1 Pet 1:11 | On Christ and Antichrist 12 · Hippolytus of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 200–215 |
| 1 Pet 1:11 | Against Noetus 11 · Hippolytus of Rome | echo, low confidence | ca. 200–230 |
| 1 Pet 1:11 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 46 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| 1 Pet 1:11 | Catechetical Lecture 17.4 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| 1 Pet 1:11 | Long recension, Magnesians 9 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| 1 Pet 1:11 | Letters to Serapion 1.6 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| 1 Pet 1:11–12 | On the Holy Spirit 40 · Didymus the Blind | quotation, high confidence | Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391 |
| 1 Pet 1:11 | Exposition of Psalm 118 8.54.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
1 Peter 1:12
It was revealed to them that they were not serving themselves, but you, when they foretold the things now announced by those who preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven. Even angels long to look into these things.
1 Peter 1:13
Therefore prepare your minds for action. Be sober-minded. Set your hope fully on the grace to be given you at the revelation of Jesus Christ.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:13 | To the Philippians 2.1 · Polycarp of Smyrna | allusion, high confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| 1 Pet 1:13 | Eleven Tractates 6.109 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:13–16 | Against Jovinianus 1.39 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| 1 Pet 1:13 | On Man's Perfection in Righteousness 20 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 415 |
| 1 Pet 1:13 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 6 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
1 Peter 1:14
As obedient children, do not conform to the passions of your former ignorance.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:14 | Miscellanies 3.18.110 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 1:14 | Eleven Tractates 1.9 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:14 | Eleven Tractates 7.116 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:14 | On Man's Perfection in Righteousness 20 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 415 |
1 Peter 1:15
But just as He who called you is holy, so be holy in all you do,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:15 | Miscellanies 3.18.110 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 1:15 | Homilies on the Psalms 28.1 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| 1 Pet 1:15 | On Man's Perfection in Righteousness 20 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 415 |
1 Peter 1:16
for it is written: “Be holy, because I am holy.”
1 Peter 1:17
Since you call on a Father who judges each one’s work impartially, conduct yourselves in reverent fear during your stay as foreigners.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:17 | Epistle of Barnabas 4.12 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 70–135 (often ca. 130) |
| 1 Pet 1:17 | 2 Clement 5.1 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 1 Pet 1:17 | Sentences of Sextus 59 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| 1 Pet 1:17 | Sentences of Sextus 222 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| 1 Pet 1:17 | Sentence 59 (Greek) · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| 1 Pet 1:17 | The Instructor 3.12.85 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 1:17 | Catechetical Lecture 7.12 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
1 Peter 1:18
For you know that it was not with perishable things such as silver or gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life you inherited from your forefathers,
1 Peter 1:19
but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or spot.
1 Peter 1:20
He was known before the foundation of the world, but was revealed in the last times for your sake.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:20 | Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 9.12.3 (89.3) · Hermas | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 1 Pet 1:20 | 2 Clement 14.2 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| 1 Pet 1:20 | On the Christian Faith 1.15 · Ambrose | echo, medium confidence | ca. 378–380 |
1 Peter 1:21
Through Him you believe in God, who raised Him from the dead and glorified Him; and so your faith and hope are in God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:21 | To the Philippians 2.1 · Polycarp of Smyrna | quotation, high confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| 1 Pet 1:21 | Miscellanies 3.18.110 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
1 Peter 1:22
Since you have purified your souls by obedience to the truth so that you have a genuine love for your brothers, love one another deeply, from a pure heart.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:22 | Miscellanies 3.18.110 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 1:22 | Eleven Tractates 1.2 · Priscillian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:22 | Eleven Tractates 4.77 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:22 | Eleven Tractates 5.89 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:22 | Eleven Tractates 6.109 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:22 | Eleven Tractates 7.116 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:22 | Eleven Tractates 9.122 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:22–23 | Against Jovinianus 1.39 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
1 Peter 1:23
For you have been born again, not of perishable seed, but of imperishable, through the living and enduring word of God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:23 | The Instructor 1.6.49 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 1:23 | Exhortation to the Greeks 11.117 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 1:23 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 1.104 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| 1 Pet 1:23 | Eleven Tractates 5.91 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:23 | Sermon 353.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
1 Peter 1:24
For, “All flesh is like grass, and all its glory like the flowers of the field; the grass withers and the flowers fall,
1 Peter 1:25
but the word of the Lord stands forever.” And this is the word that was proclaimed to you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 1:25 | Miscellanies 3.17.103 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 1:25 | On Prayer 17.2 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| 1 Pet 1:25 | Oration I Against the Arians 48 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| 1 Pet 1:25 | Oration II Against the Arians 36 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| 1 Pet 1:25 | Letter to the Africans 2 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 369 |
| 1 Pet 1:25 | Eleven Tractates 9.122 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:25 | Eleven Tractates 10.128 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| 1 Pet 1:25 | Sermon 187.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 1:25 | Letters 40.2 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |