Romans 3 in the early church
535 passages quote, allude to, or echo Romans 3, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31
Romans 3:1
What, then, is the advantage of being a Jew? Or what is the value of circumcision?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:1 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:1 | Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:1 | Commentary on Romans 3.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:1 | Commentary on Romans 3:1–2 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:1–2 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 12.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Romans 3:2
Much in every way. First of all, they have been entrusted with the very words of God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:2 | Miscellanies 7.18.109 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Rom 3:2 | On First Principles 4.3.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Rom 3:2 | PG 12:1603 (Ps 118 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Rom 3:2 | Homilies on Exodus 7.5 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:2 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 1.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:2 | Homilies on Jeremiah 14.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.87 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.122 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Matthew 10.6 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Matthew 13.12 · Origen | allusion, low confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Matthew 17.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Matthew 17.9 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Romans 2.5 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Romans 2.7 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Romans 3.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Romans 8.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:2 | Demonstration of the Gospel 9.9.4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Rom 3:2 | Commentary on Romans 3:1–2 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:2 | Letter 23.2 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Rom 3:2 | Letter 36.17 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Rom 3:2 | Letter 65.18 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Rom 3:2 | Letter 116.10 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Rom 3:2 | On Noah 26 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 378-384 |
| Rom 3:2 | Second Apology of David 57 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 384-397 |
| Rom 3:2 | Exposition of Psalm 118 2.9.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Rom 3:2 | Exposition of Psalm 118 12.19.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Rom 3:2 | Letter 82.10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:2 | City of God 17.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Rom 3:2 | City of God 18.41 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
Romans 3:3
What if some did not have faith? Will their lack of faith nullify God’s faithfulness?
Romans 3:4
Certainly not! Let God be true and every man a liar. As it is written: “So that You may be proved right when You speak and victorious when You judge.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:4 | Against Heresies 4.36.8 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Rom 3:4 | Commentary on Daniel 4.21 · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-204 |
| Rom 3:4 | Commentary on John 32.94 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Rom 3:4 | Homilies on Ezekiel 9.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Rom 3:4 | Homilies on Jeremiah 15.3 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 240 |
| Rom 3:4 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 88 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Rom 3:4 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:4 | Commentary on Romans 3.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:4 | Commentary on Romans 3.6 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:4 | Prayer 2 6 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | uncertain |
| Rom 3:4 | Tractates on the Psalms 145.4 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Rom 3:4 | Sermon on Baptism 4 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| Rom 3:4 | Commentary on Romans 3:3 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:4 | Commentary on Romans 3:4 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:4 | Question 112, section 7 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Rom 3:4 | On the Christian Faith 3.5 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| Rom 3:4 | Canons on the Letters of Paul 16 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–400 |
| Rom 3:4 | Apology of the Prophet David 52 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Rom 3:4 | Exposition of Psalm 118 20.39.2 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Rom 3:4 | Letter 238.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:4 | Sermon 133.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Rom 3:4 | Sermon 147.1 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Rom 3:4 | Against Jovinianus 2.31 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Rom 3:4 | Letters 14.2 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Rom 3:4 | Confessions 13.38 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Rom 3:4 | Against the Letter of Parmenian 1.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400 |
| Rom 3:4 | Against the Letter of Parmenian 2.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400 |
| Rom 3:4 | Against Felix the Manichaean 1.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | December 404 |
| Rom 3:4 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 14.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Rom 3:4 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 39.8 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Rom 3:4 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 69.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Rom 3:4 | Homilies on the First Epistle of John 1.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 407 |
| Rom 3:4 | Commentary on Jeremiah 1.20 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Rom 3:4 | Commentary on Jeremiah 2.109 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Rom 3:4 | Apologetic Book 24.7 · Orosius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 415–416 |
| Rom 3:4 | Book 1, chapter 20 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 440-450 |
| Rom 3:4 | Book 2, chapter 1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 440-450 |
Romans 3:5
But if our unrighteousness highlights the righteousness of God, what shall we say? That God is unjust to inflict His wrath on us? I am speaking in human terms.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:5 | The Instructor 1.8.69 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Rom 3:5 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:5 | Commentary on Romans 3.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:5 | Commentary on Romans 3:4 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:5 | Ancoratus 87.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Rom 3:5 | Book of Heresies 79.6 · Philastrius of Brescia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380s |
| Rom 3:5 | Apology of the Prophet David 52 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Rom 3:5 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 21.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Rom 3:5 | Tractates 0 · Gaudentius of Brescia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397-410 |
| Rom 3:5 | Tractates 13 · Gaudentius of Brescia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397-410 |
| Rom 3:5 | On the Nature of the Good 31 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399 |
Romans 3:6
Certainly not! In that case, how could God judge the world?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:6 | The Instructor 1.8.69 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Rom 3:6 | Commentary on Romans 3.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:6 | Demonstration 13.10 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Rom 3:6 | Commentary on Romans 3:4 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:6 | Ancoratus 87.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Rom 3:6 | Letter 214.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:6 | Letter 214.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Romans 3:7
However, if my falsehood accentuates God’s truthfulness, to the increase of His glory, why am I still condemned as a sinner?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:7 | Commentary on Romans 3.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:7 | Commentary on Romans 3:7 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:7 | Apology of the Prophet David 52 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Rom 3:7 | City of God 14.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Rom 3:7 | Against Lying 1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 420 |
| Rom 3:7 | Against Lying 40 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420 |
Romans 3:8
Why not say, as some slanderously claim that we say, “Let us do evil that good may result”? Their condemnation is deserved!
Romans 3:9
What then? Are we any better? Not at all. For we have already made the charge that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:9 | Homilies on Numbers 6.3 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:9 | Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:9 | Commentary on Romans 3.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:9 | Commentary on Romans 3.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:9 | Commentary on Romans 3.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:9 | Sermon on Baptism 1 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| Rom 3:9 | Commentary on Romans 3:9 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:9 | On Noah 7 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 378-384 |
| Rom 3:9 | Apology of the Prophet David 51 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Rom 3:9 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.22.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Rom 3:9 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.27.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Rom 3:9 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.78.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Rom 3:9 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 48.13.4 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Rom 3:9 | Sermon 10.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Romans 3:10
As it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:10 | Dialogue with Trypho 27.3 · Justin Martyr | echo, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Rom 3:10 | Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:10 | Commentary on Romans 3.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:10 | Commentary on Romans 3:10 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
Romans 3:11
There is no one who understands, no one who seeks God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:11–12 | Against Heresies 1.19.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Rom 3:11 | Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:11 | Commentary on Romans 3.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:11 | Acts of Achatius (Disputation of Achatius) 3 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 250–251 |
| Rom 3:11 | Commentary on Romans 3:10 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:11 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 34.18.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Rom 3:11–12 | Homily 2 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, high confidence | ca. 379–394 |
| Rom 3:11 | On the Lord's Prayer 1125 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–394 |
Romans 3:12
All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:12 | PG 12:1543 (Ps 86–87 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Rom 3:12 | Homilies on Numbers 9.3 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:12 | Commentary on Romans 2.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:12 | Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:12 | Commentary on Romans 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:12 | Commentary on Romans 3:10 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:12 | Letter 21.2 · Jerome | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Rom 3:12 | Letter 98.4 · Jerome | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Rom 3:12 | Letter 121.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Rom 3:12 | Apology of the Prophet David 53 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Rom 3:12 | Letters 5.22 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Rom 3:12 | Commentary on Jeremiah 2.50 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Rom 3:12 | To the Church 3.57 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 435-440 |
| Rom 3:12 | Sermon on the Barbarian Time 1 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 437-450 |
Romans 3:13
“Their throats are open graves; their tongues practice deceit.” “The venom of vipers is on their lips.”
Romans 3:14
“Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:14 | Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:14 | Commentary on Romans 3.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:14 | Against Parmenian the Donatist 2.25 · Optatus of Milevis | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–385 |
| Rom 3:14 | Commentary on Romans 3:15 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:14 | On the Trinity 6 · Faustinus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–384 |
| Rom 3:14 | Letter 108.15 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:14 | Celestine, ACO I.2, letter 2.9 · Celestine I, bishop of Rome | allusion, high confidence | 430-432 |
Romans 3:15
“Their feet are swift to shed blood;
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:15 | Epistle of the Apostles 35 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 140-170 |
| Rom 3:15 | On Pascha 50 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardis | echo, low confidence | ca. 160-180 |
| Rom 3:15 | Didascalia 2.21 (Latin) · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | first half of the third century |
| Rom 3:15 | Homilies on Joshua 15.6 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:15 | Homilies on Leviticus 9.7 · Origen | echo, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:15 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 2.8 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:15 | Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:15 | Commentary on Romans 3.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:15 | Tractates 2.58.1 · Zeno of Verona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| Rom 3:15 | Against Parmenian the Donatist 2.18 · Optatus of Milevis | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–385 |
| Rom 3:15 | Commentary on Romans 3:15 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:15–18 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.21.4 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Rom 3:15 | Altercatio, chapter 3, speech 2 · Evagrius of Gaul | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 400 |
| Rom 3:15 | Letter 108.14 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:15 | Letter 108.15 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:15 | Letter 121.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:15 | Letters 50.5 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Rom 3:15 | On Christian Doctrine 2.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | Books 1–3 ca. 396–397; completed 426–427 |
| Rom 3:15 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 6 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
| Rom 3:15 | Celestine, ACO I.2, letter 10.3 · Celestine I, bishop of Rome | allusion, high confidence | 430-432 |
Romans 3:16
ruin and misery lie in their wake,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:16 | Miscellanies 1.27.175 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Rom 3:16 | Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:16 | Commentary on Romans 3.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:16–18 | Against Parmenian the Donatist 2.26 · Optatus of Milevis | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 366–385 |
| Rom 3:16 | Commentary on Romans 3:16 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:16 | Letter 121.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:16 | Letters 40.3 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Rom 3:16 | Letters 50.5 · Paulinus of Nola | quotation, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Romans 3:17
and the way of peace they have not known.”
Romans 3:18
“There is no fear of God before their eyes.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:18 | Miscellanies 1.27.175 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Rom 3:18 | Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:18 | Commentary on Romans 3.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:18 | Canon 16 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 325 |
| Rom 3:18 | Historical Fragments 1.4.1.27 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 343–367 |
| Rom 3:18 | Commentary on Romans 3:17 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
Romans 3:19
Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world held accountable to God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:19 | Against Marcion 5.13 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Rom 3:19 | On First Principles 3.1.17 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Rom 3:19 | Commentary on John 19.16 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Rom 3:19 | Homilies on Joshua 17.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:19 | Commentary on Romans 1.9 · Origen | echo, medium confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:19 | Commentary on Romans 2.2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:19 | Commentary on Romans 3.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:19 | Commentary on Romans 3.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:19 | Commentary on Romans 7.18 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:19 | Letter 3.3 · Antony the Great | quotation, high confidence | before 356 |
| Rom 3:19 | On Ecclesiastical Theology 1.12.10 · Eusebius of Caesarea | echo, low confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| Rom 3:19 | Letter 160 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Rom 3:19 | Letters 198, 199 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Rom 3:19 | Three Letters to Sympronianus 3.8 · Pacian of Barcelona | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| Rom 3:19 | Three Letters to Sympronianus 3.13 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| Rom 3:19 | Commentary on Romans 3:17 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:19 | Commentary on Romans 3:19 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:19 | Question 33, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Rom 3:19 | Question 102, section 20 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Rom 3:19 | Book of Rules 3 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Rom 3:19 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 1.20 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Rom 3:19 | Letter 186.26 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:19 | On Fleeing the World 15 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| Rom 3:19 | On the Spirit and the Letter 66 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 412 |
| Rom 3:19 | Apologetic Book 30.4 · Orosius | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 415–416 |
| Rom 3:19–21 | On the Grace of Christ and On Original Sin 1.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 418 |
| Rom 3:19–20 | Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 4.30 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420–421 |
| Rom 3:19 | Enchiridion (Handbook on Faith, Hope, and Love) 99 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 421–423 |
| Rom 3:19 | On Rebuke and Grace 10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 427 |
| Rom 3:19 | On the Governance of God 4.78 · Salvian of Marseilles | quotation, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
| Rom 3:19 | Part 2, chapter 2 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | echo, medium confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Romans 3:20
Therefore no one will be justified in His sight by works of the law. For the law merely brings awareness of sin.
Romans 3:21
But now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been revealed, as attested by the Law and the Prophets.
Romans 3:22
And this righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe. There is no distinction,
Romans 3:23
for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,
Romans 3:24
and are justified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.
Romans 3:25
God presented Him as an atoning sacrifice in His blood through faith, in order to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance He had passed over the sins committed beforehand.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:25 | To Diognetus 9.1 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 150–200 (disputed) |
| Rom 3:25 | Commentary on John 1.119 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Rom 3:25–26 | Commentary on John 1.139 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Rom 3:25 | Commentary on John 1.240 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Rom 3:25 | Homilies on Leviticus 9.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:25 | Homilies on Leviticus 13.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:25 | Homilies on Numbers 23.10 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Rom 3:25 | Homilies on Jeremiah 12.12 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Rom 3:25 | Commentary on Matthew 12.21 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Rom 3:25 | Commentary on Romans 3.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:25 | Commentary on Romans 3.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:25 | On Free Will 19 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Rom 3:25 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.2.23 · Eusebius of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Rom 3:25 | Letter 260 · Basil of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Rom 3:25 | Homilies on the Psalms 48.4 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| Rom 3:25 | Homilies on the Psalms 59.1 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| Rom 3:25 | Tractates on the Psalms 64.4 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Rom 3:25 | Commentary on Romans 3:25 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:25 | Commentary on Romans 3:26 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:25 | Letter 149.5 · Jerome | echo, low confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Rom 3:25 | Ancoratus 65.10 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374 |
| Rom 3:25 | On the Life of Moses 383 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Rom 3:25 | Letter 225.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:25 | On Fleeing the World 16 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| Rom 3:25 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.43 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 411–412 |
| Rom 3:25 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 2.34 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 411–412 |
| Rom 3:25 | On the Spirit and the Letter 21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 412 |
| Rom 3:25 | On Nature and Grace 51 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, medium confidence | 415 |
| Rom 3:25 | Apologetic Book 18.6 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 415–416 |
| Rom 3:25–26 | Apologetic Book 25.4 · Orosius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 415–416 |
Romans 3:26
He did this to demonstrate His righteousness at the present time, so as to be just and to justify the one who has faith in Jesus.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:26 | To Diognetus 9.1 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | ca. 150–200 (disputed) |
| Rom 3:26 | The Instructor 1.8.73 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Rom 3:26 | Commentary on Romans 3.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:26 | Commentary on Romans 3.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:26 | Commentary on Romans 3:26 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:26 | Ancoratus 65.8 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374 |
| Rom 3:26 | Letter 185.37 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Rom 3:26 | On the Trinity 1.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Rom 3:26 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.43 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 411–412 |
| Rom 3:26 | On the Spirit and the Letter 21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 412 |
Romans 3:27
Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded. On what principle? On that of works? No, but on that of faith.
Romans 3:28
For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from works of the law.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:28 | 1 Clement 32.4 · Clement of Rome | echo, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Rom 3:28 | Commentary on Romans 3.9 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:28 | Commentary on Romans 3.11 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:28 | Commentary on Romans 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:28 | Commentary on Romans 4.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:28 | Acta Archelai (Latin) 32 · Hegemonius | allusion, medium confidence | early to mid 4th century (Greek original) |
| Rom 3:28 | On Saint Athanasius 1.41 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Rom 3:28 | Commentary on Romans 1:17 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:28 | Commentary on Romans 3:28 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:28 | Ancoratus 67.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374 |
| Rom 3:28 | Canons on the Letters of Paul 55 · Priscillian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380–400 |
| Rom 3:28 | Second Apology of David 32 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 384-397 |
| Rom 3:28 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.9 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Rom 3:28 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.14.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Rom 3:28 | Sermon 2.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Rom 3:28 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 25.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Rom 3:28 | On the Christian Life 13 · Fastidius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 411-430 |
| Rom 3:28 | On the Spirit and the Letter 45 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 412 |
| Rom 3:28 | On Faith and Works 21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| Rom 3:28 | On the Proceedings of Pelagius 34 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 417 |
| Rom 3:28 | On Grace and Free Will 7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426 |
| Rom 3:28 | On the Predestination of the Saints 7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 428/429 |
Romans 3:29
Is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles too? Yes, of Gentiles too,
Romans 3:30
since there is only one God, who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through that same faith.
Romans 3:31
Do we, then, nullify the law by this faith? Certainly not! Instead, we uphold the law.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rom 3:31 | On Modesty 6 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| Rom 3:31 | Commentary on Romans 3.11 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Rom 3:31 | Moral Rules (Moralia) 42 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-370 |
| Rom 3:31 | Commentary on Romans 3:31 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Rom 3:31 | Book of Rules 3 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Rom 3:31 | Homilies on Matthew 16.2 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Rom 3:31 | Tractates on Matthew 7.1 · Chromatius of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 388–407 |
| Rom 3:31 | On the Spirit and the Letter 52 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 412 |
| Rom 3:31 | Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 4.11 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420–421 |