1 Peter 3 in the early church
377 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Peter 3, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22
1 Peter 3:1
Wives, in the same way, submit yourselves to your husbands, so that even if they refuse to believe the word, they will be won over without words by the behavior of their wives
1 Peter 3:2
when they see your pure and reverent demeanor.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:2 | The Instructor 3.11.66 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 3:2 | On the Good of Marriage 14 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 401 |
1 Peter 3:3
Your beauty should not come from outward adornment, such as braided hair or gold jewelry or fine clothes,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Sentences of Sextus 235 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| 1 Pet 3:3–5 | Sentence 235 (Greek) · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 2nd-early 3rd cent. |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | The Instructor 2.12.121 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | The Instructor 2.12.127 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | The Instructor 3.2.4 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | The Instructor 3.11.66 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Miscellanies 2.23.143 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 3:3–4 | On the Dress of Women 2.13 · Tertullian | echo, medium confidence | ca. 197–206 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | On Prayer 20 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–206 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Instructions 2.18 · Commodian | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| 1 Pet 3:3–4 | On the Good of Modesty 12 · Novatian | echo, medium confidence | mid-3rd cent. (disputed) |
| 1 Pet 3:3–4 | To Quirinus 3.36 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | On the Dress of Virgins 8 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 249 |
| 1 Pet 3:3–4 | Symposium 7.2 · Methodius of Olympus | echo, medium confidence | late 3rd century |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Canons of Hippolytus, canon 17 · Anonymous | echo, medium confidence | 4th century |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Homilies 13.16 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| 1 Pet 3:3–4 | Letter 387 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, low confidence | ca. 360–390 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Oration 8.10 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Oration 18.8 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Commentary on 1 Timothy 2:9–10 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Letter 148.27 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Fragment 3 · Nicetas, bishop of Remesiana | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–414 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Letter 147.51 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 3:3–4 | Letter 245.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Letter 262.9 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Homilies on Matthew 17.3 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
| 1 Pet 3:3–4 | Hexameron (Exameron) 6.47 · Ambrose | allusion, low confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| 1 Pet 3:3–4 | Sermon 161.11 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Poem 25, lines 32–64 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Poem 25, lines 65–96 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | Letters 23.24 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Pet 3:3 | On the Good of Marriage 14 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 401 |
1 Peter 3:4
but from the inner disposition of your heart, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is precious in God’s sight.
1 Peter 3:5
For this is how the holy women of the past adorned themselves. They put their hope in God and were submissive to their husbands,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:5 | Letter 148.27 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 3:5–6 | Letter 262.7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 3:5 | On the Good of Marriage 14 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 401 |
| 1 Pet 3:5 | On the Good of Widowhood 7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414 |
| 1 Pet 3:5 | On the Good of Widowhood 8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 414 |
1 Peter 3:6
just as Sarah obeyed Abraham and called him lord. And you are her children if you do what is right and refuse to give way to fear.
1 Peter 3:7
Husbands, in the same way, treat your wives with consideration as a delicate vessel, and with honor as fellow heirs of the gracious gift of life, so that your prayers will not be hindered.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 159 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Homilies on Joshua 3.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Commentary on Matthew 14.16 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Long recension, Philadelphians 4 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Letter 49.4 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Letter 49.15 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Letter 128.3 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | On Paradise 24 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | On Paradise 72 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Letter 20.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Letter 127.9 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Homilies on Matthew 57.4 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Hexameron (Exameron) 5.19 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.27.2 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Sermon 51.21 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Against Jovinianus 1.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Against Jovinianus 1.8 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | 393 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Letters 23.24 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | Letters 23.25 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | On the Trinity 12.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | On the Good of Marriage 14 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 401 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | 1 Corinthians 7:5 · Pelagius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 405–410 |
| 1 Pet 3:7 | On the Good of Widowhood 7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414 |
1 Peter 3:8
Finally, all of you, be like-minded and sympathetic, love as brothers, be tenderhearted and humble.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:8 | To the Philippians 10.1 · Polycarp of Smyrna | echo, low confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| 1 Pet 3:8 | The Instructor 3.11.74 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 3:8 | Letter 148.18 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
1 Peter 3:9
Do not repay evil with evil or insult with insult, but with blessing, because to this you were called so that you may inherit a blessing.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:9 | To the Philippians 2.2 · Polycarp of Smyrna | quotation, high confidence | ca. 110–135 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | The Instructor 3.11.74 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | On Idolatry 21 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 196–211 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 7.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 8.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Commentary on Romans 9.14 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Divine Institutes 6.18.10 · Lactantius | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Letter 84.1 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Letter 110.6 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Letter 148.18 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | On the Complaints of Job and David 2.4 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 383-390 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Exposition of Psalm 118 6.14.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Exposition of Psalm 118 13.27.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Letter 73.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Homily 4 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Sermon 105.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Sermon 357.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 125 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | On Holy Virginity 54 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 401 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Apology against Jerome 1.3 · Rufinus of Aquileia | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 401 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 30.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 49.19 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | Homilies on the First Epistle of John 8.11 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 407 |
| 1 Pet 3:9 | On the Soul and Its Origin 1.26 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 419–420 |
1 Peter 3:10
For, “Whoever would love life and see good days must keep his tongue from evil and his lips from deceitful speech.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:10–20 | Adumbrations on 1 Peter, paragraph 3 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | original ca. 200; Latin translation 6th century |
| 1 Pet 3:10 | Letter to Maximus 1 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 371 |
| 1 Pet 3:10 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.2.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| 1 Pet 3:10 | To the Church 4.35 · Salvian of Marseilles | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 435-440 |
1 Peter 3:12
For the eyes of the Lord are on the righteous, and His ears are inclined to their prayer. But the face of the Lord is against those who do evil.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:12 | The Instructor 3.12.85 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
1 Peter 3:13
Who can harm you if you are zealous for what is good?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:13 | The Instructor 3.12.85 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Pet 3:13 | Sermon 297.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 3:13 | Sermon 304.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 3:13 | Homilies on the First Epistle of John 9.4 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 407 |
1 Peter 3:14
But even if you should suffer for what is right, you are blessed. “Do not fear what they fear; do not be shaken.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:14 | Miscellanies 4.7.46 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
1 Peter 3:15
But in your hearts sanctify Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give a defense to everyone who asks you the reason for the hope that is in you. But respond with gentleness and respect,
1 Peter 3:16
keeping a clear conscience, so that those who slander you may be put to shame by your good behavior in Christ.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:16 | Miscellanies 4.7.46 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
1 Peter 3:17
For it is better, if it is God’s will, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:17 | Miscellanies 4.7.46 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Pet 3:17 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.20 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| 1 Pet 3:17 | On the Gift of Perseverance 2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 428/429 |
1 Peter 3:18
For Christ also suffered for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit,
1 Peter 3:19
in whom He also went and preached to the spirits in prison
1 Peter 3:20
who disobeyed long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. In the ark a few people, only eight souls, were saved through water.
1 Peter 3:21
And this water symbolizes the baptism that now saves you also—not the removal of dirt from the body, but the pledge of a clear conscience toward God—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,
1 Peter 3:22
who has gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God, with angels, authorities, and powers subject to Him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pet 3:22 | Oration III Against the Arians 38 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, low confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| 1 Pet 3:22 | Oration III Against the Arians 40 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| 1 Pet 3:22 | Catechetical Lecture 14.29 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| 1 Pet 3:22 | On the Opinion of Dionysius 8 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 350–356 |
| 1 Pet 3:22 | Letter 164.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Pet 3:22 | Sermon 362.22 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Pet 3:22 | Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 32 · Rufinus of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 404 |