Acts of the Council of Aquileia (381) against Palladius and Secundianus 1–41
Latin text: PL 16 (Latin text: Migne, PL 16 (1845), digitized by Open Greek and Latin (patrologia_latina-dev), University of Leipzig, CC BY-SA 4.0. The digitization has many OCR errors and stray footnote letters, flagged per section.).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Chapter 1
1PL 16:915a–915b
Syagrio et Eucherio viris clarissimis coss. a III non. Sept. Aquileiæ in Ecclesia considentibus, cum episcopis, Aquileiensium civitatis Valeriano, Ambrosio, Eusebio, Limenio, Anemio, Sabino, Abundantio, Artemio, Constantio, Justo, Philastro, Constantio, Theodoro, Almachio, Domnino, Amantio, Maximo, Felice, Bassiano, Numidio, Januario, Proculo, Heliodoro, Jovino, Felice, Exuperantio, Diogene, Maximo, Macedonio, Cassiano, Marcello et Eustathio episcopis; Ambrosius episcopus dixit:
In the consulship of the most illustrious Syagrius and Eucherius, on the third day before the Nones of September, at Aquileia, in the church, there being in session the bishops Valerian of the city of Aquileia, Ambrose, Eusebius, Limenius, Anemius, Sabinus, Abundantius, Artemius, Constantius, Justus, Philaster, Constantius, Theodore, Almachius, Domninus, Amantius, Maximus, Felix, Bassianus, Numidius, Januarius, Proculus, Heliodorus, Jovinus, Felix, Exuperantius, Diogenes, Maximus, Macedonius, Cassian, Marcellus, and Eustathius, Bishop Ambrose said:
Notes and citation
Summary: Heading of the acts: the date (3 September 381) and the bishops in session at Aquileia.
- The acts (gesta) of the Council of Aquileia (381), at which Ambrose of Milan led the examination of the Homoian bishops Palladius of Ratiaria and Secundianus of Singidunum, printed among Ambrose's letters in PL 16. The Latin of the digitization is noisy; clear OCR slips, Migne's note letters, the quotation marks repeated at the start of each printed line, and his inline Scripture references are removed by logged corrections.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): ' Ambrosio, → Ambrosio,; Limenio, e → Limenio,; f Felice, → Felice,; Januario. → Januario,; Eustatbio → Eustathio.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 1 (PL 16:915a–915b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-1) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 2
2PL 16:915b–915c
« Diu citra acta tractavimus: et quoniam tanta sacrilegia a parte Palladii et Secundiani nostris auribus ingeruntur, ut difficile quisque credat tam aperte eos blasphemare potuisse; vel ne qua ipsi calliditate dicta sua postea negare conentur, licet de tantorum sacerdotum testificatione dubitari non queat: tamen quoniam omnibus episcopis placet, fiant acta; ut unusquisque professionem suam negare non possit. Quid ergo vobis, sancti viri, placeat declarandum est. » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Placet. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Disceptationes nostræ ex re firmandæ sunt scripto imperiali, ut allegentur.»
"We have long discussed matters without a record. And since such sacrileges on the part of Palladius and Secundianus are being poured into our ears that one could hardly believe they could have blasphemed so openly, and lest they try by some craftiness afterwards to deny what they have said (although the testimony of so many priests cannot be doubted), nevertheless, since it pleases all the bishops, let minutes be taken, so that no one may be able to deny his own profession. What, then, pleases you, holy men, must be declared." All the bishops said: "It pleases." Bishop Ambrose said: "Our debates are to be grounded in the matter itself by the imperial letter, so let it be read out."
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose proposes that minutes be kept so that Palladius and Secundianus cannot later deny what they say, and that the emperor's letter be read.
- "Priests" (sacerdotes) here means the bishops. "Grounded in the matter itself by the imperial letter" renders the obscure "ex re firmandae sunt scripto imperiali"; the sense is uncertain.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): « g Diu → « Diu; « sacrilegia → sacrilegia; b nostris « → nostris; « aperte → aperte; ipsi « → ipsi; « tantorum → tantorum; « non → non; queat: i → queat:; « placet, → placet,; acta; lit unusquisque → acta; ut unusquisque; professionem « → professionem; sancti « → sancti; dixerunt: i « Placet. → dixerunt: « Placet.; divit: → dixit:; nos « træ → nostræ; al « legentur.» → allegentur.».
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 2 (PL 16:915b–915c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-2) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 3
3PL 16:915c–917a
Sabinianus diaconus recitavit: « Ambigua dogmatum reverentia ne dissideant sacerdotes quamprimum experiri cupientes, convenire in Aquileiensium civitatem ex dioecesi meritis excellentiae tuae creditam, episcopos jusseramus. Neque enim controversiae dubiae sententiæ rectius poterant expediri, quam si obortae altercationis interpretes ipsos constituissemus antistites; ut videlicet a quibus proficiscuntur instituta doctrinae, ab eisdem discordis eruditionis repugnantia solveretur.
Sabinian the deacon read: "Wishing to settle as soon as possible the uncertain respect for doctrines, so that the priests might not disagree, we had ordered the bishops to assemble in the city of Aquileia, from the diocese entrusted to the merits of your excellency. For the controversies of doubtful opinion could not be resolved more rightly than if we appointed the bishops themselves as interpreters of the dispute that had arisen, so that by those from whom the ordinances of doctrine proceed, the conflict of discordant teaching might also be resolved.
Notes and citation
Summary: The emperor's letter: Gratian had summoned the bishops to Aquileia so that bishops themselves might settle the doctrinal dispute.
- The letter of the emperor Gratian, addressed to the praetorian prefect, is read into the acts. "Ambigua dogmatum reverentia" is obscure; translated literally.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): « Sabinianus → Sabinianus; rccitavit: k Ambigua → recitavit: « Ambigua; Aquileien sium → Aquileiensium; a Neque → Neque; con- Iroversiae → controversiae; ebort£ → obortae.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 3 (PL 16:915c–917a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-3) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 4
4PL 16:917a–917c
« Neque sane nunc aliter jubemus ac jussimus, non invertentes praecepti tenorem, sed superfluam convenarum copiam recolentes. Nam quod Ambrosius et vitae merito, et Dei dignatione conspicuus episcopus Mediolanensium civitatis ibi multitudinem non opus esse suggerit, ubi veritas non laboraret in pluribus, si locata esset in paucis: seque eorum qui contra astarent assertionibus, et sacerdotes vicinarum ex Italia civitatum satis abundeque sufficere posse suggerit; abstinendum venerabilium virorum fatigatione censuimus, ne quis vel maturo ævo gravis, vel corporali debilitate confectus, vel laudabili paupertate mediocris, insuetas repetat terras. Et reliqua.
"Nor indeed do we now order otherwise than we ordered, not reversing the tenor of our command, but reconsidering a superfluous crowd of persons assembling. For Ambrose, the bishop of the city of Milan, distinguished both by the merit of his life and by the favour of God, suggests that there is no need of a multitude where the truth would not be in difficulty among many if it were placed among a few, and suggests that he and the priests of the neighbouring cities of Italy can amply suffice against the assertions of those who stand opposed; we have therefore decided to spare venerable men fatigue, so that no one weighed down by advanced age, or worn out by bodily weakness, or of modest means through praiseworthy poverty, should have to make for unaccustomed lands." And so on.
Notes and citation
Summary: The emperor explains that, on Ambrose's advice, only the bishops of northern Italy and nearby were needed, so the old, the weak, and the poor were spared the journey.
- "And so on" (Et reliqua): the acts give only the opening of the imperial letter.
- The staged text continued with Migne's editorial summary of the following debate; it is not part of the acts and is removed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): convenarum b → convenarum; vicina rum → vicinarum; suggerit; 0 → suggerit;; eravis, → gravis,; reliqua. i. AMBROSIUS leetam Arii epistolam damnari a Palladio petit: hic tergiversatur, et nisi in generali concilio negat te responsurum; Patres anathemate percellunt eos, qui Filu Dei vel divinitatem bel œternitatem negarent. Effugium aucupatur in eoPalladius,quod se fateri dictitat Christum verum esse Dei Filium. Ejus fraus in confitendo eumdem esse Deum atque unigenitum. Postea transitur ad Christi immortalitatem,atque ab ea ad sapientiam, a qua similiter ad bonitatem; ubi more suo Palladius conatur illudere. Deinde utrum Dei Filium omnipotenlem, utrum etiam judicem eum agnoscat, urgetur: ad quæ post mulam ter, giversationem solita utitur ad plenum concilium provocatione. Sub hæc Attato condemnato, qui respondere etium recusabat, Palladius auditores laicos petit, et condemnatur. → reliqua..
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 4 (PL 16:917a–917c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-4) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 5
5PL 16:917c–917a
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Ecce quod Christianus constituit imperator. Noluit injuriam facere sacerdotibus; ipsos interpretes constituit episcopos. Ac per hoc, quoniam in sacerdotali Concilio considemus, responde ad ea quae tibi proponuntur. Arii epistola lecta est: etiam nunc recitabitur, si tibi videtur. A principio habet blasphemiam, solum Patrem aeternum dixit. Si tibi videtur quod Dei Filius sempiternus non sit, hoc ipsum quemadmodum vis, astrue: si damnandum putas, damna. Evangelium praesens est, et Apostolus, omnes Scripturæ praesto sunt. Unde vis astrue, si putas non esse Dei Filium sempiternum. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "See what the Christian emperor has decided. He did not wish to do injury to the priests; he appointed the bishops themselves as interpreters. And therefore, since we sit in a council of priests, answer the things that are put to you. The letter of Arius has been read; it will be read again now, if you wish. From the beginning it contains blasphemy: it said that the Father alone is eternal. If you think that the Son of God is not everlasting, maintain that very point as you wish; if you think it should be condemned, condemn it. The Gospel is here, and the Apostle; all the Scriptures are at hand. Maintain it from wherever you wish, if you think that the Son of God is not everlasting."
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose challenges Palladius either to defend from Scripture Arius's claim that only the Father is eternal or to condemn it.
- Arius's letter to Alexander of Alexandria, which calls the Father alone eternal, had been read before the minutes began.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): Chrisc tianus → Christianus; fatere « → facere; episco- ( pos. → episcopos.; Concilio c → Concilio; c Arii → Arii; ( si → si; ridetur. → videtur.; prineipio → principio; blasphe- ( mia!, → blasphemiam,; dJtit. → dixit.; videc tur → videtur; sil, → sit,; i- ( sum → ipsum; d astnie: → astrue:; ( putas, → putas,; damha. → damna.; Apo- ( stolus, → Apostolus,; as- ( true, → astrue,.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 5 (PL 16:917c–917a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-5) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 6
6PL 16:917a
Palladius dixit: « Vestro studio factum est, sicut e dictat lectio sacra a vobis prolata, ut non esset generale et plenum concilium: absentibus consortibus nostris, nos respondere non possumus. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Qui sunt consortes vestri? » Palladius dixit: « Orientales episcopi. »
Palladius said: "By your efforts it has been brought about, as the sacred reading produced by you also declares, that this should not be a general and full council; in the absence of our colleagues we cannot answer." Bishop Ambrose said: "Who are your colleagues?" Palladius said: "The Eastern bishops."
Notes and citation
Summary: Palladius refuses to answer in the absence of the Eastern bishops, claiming the council is not a full one.
- "The sacred reading" (lectio sacra) is the imperial letter just read.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): dixit:.Vestro → dixit: « Vestro; studio factum Mt, sicute → studio factum est, sicut e; dixit: * Qui → dixit: « Qui; consortes vestri? i Palladius dixit: * Orientales → consortes vestri? » Palladius dixit: « Orientales.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 6 (PL 16:917a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-6) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 7
7PL 16:917a–917b
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Interim quia superioribus temporibus concilium sic factum est, ut Orientales in Orientis partibus constituti haberent concilium, Occidentales in Occidente; nos in Occidentis partibus constituti convenimus ad Aquileiensium civitatem, juxta imperatoris præceptum. Denique etiam praefectus Italiæ litteras dedit, ut si vellent orientales convenire, in potestate haberent: sed quia scierunt consuetudinem hujusmodi, ut in oriente orientalium esset concilium, intra Occidentem Occidentalium; ideo putaverunt non esse veniendum. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "Meanwhile, since in former times councils were held in such a way that the Easterners, situated in the regions of the East, held their council, and the Westerners in the West, we, situated in the regions of the West, have assembled at the city of Aquileia according to the emperor's command. Moreover, the prefect of Italy also sent letters, so that if the Easterners wished to assemble, they had it in their power; but since they knew the custom that there should be a council of Easterners in the East and of Westerners within the West, they therefore thought they need not come."
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose answers that by custom Eastern and Western bishops hold their councils separately, and the Easterners were free to come but chose not to.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): dixit: i Interim → dixit: « Interim; su- ( perioribus → superioribus; est, ( → est,; habe- ( rent → haberent; ( Occidentis → Occidentis; constiluticonvenimus → constituti convenimus; Aqui. leiensium → Aquileiensium; civitatem, f → civitatem,; præcep- ( tum. → præceptum.; litterasdedit, ( → litteras dedit,; ha- ( berent: → haberent:; hujus- ( modi, → hujusmodi,; orientaliumessetconciliam, → orientalium esset concilium,; int tra → intra; ( non → non.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 7 (PL 16:917a–917b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-7) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 8
8PL 16:917b
Palladius dixit: « Imperator noster Gratianus jussit Orientales venire: negas tu jussisse eum? Ipse imperator nobis dixit se Orientales jussisse venire. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Utique jussit, qui non prohibuit huc venire. » Palladius dixit: « Sed ne venirent tua petitio fecit: sub specie falsae voluntatis hoc impetrasti, et distulisti concilium. »
Palladius said: "Our emperor Gratian ordered the Easterners to come. Do you deny that he ordered it? The emperor himself told us that he had ordered the Easterners to come." Bishop Ambrose said: "Certainly he ordered it, since he did not forbid them to come here." Palladius said: "But your petition brought it about that they did not come; under the appearance of a false good will you obtained this and put off the council."
Notes and citation
Summary: Palladius accuses Ambrose of having prevented the Eastern bishops from coming.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): dixit: ( Imperator → dixit: « Imperator; jussisseeum? → jussisse eum?; jussiSse → jussisse; non ( → non; fe. cit: I → fecit:.
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 8 (PL 16:917b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-8) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 9
9PL 16:917b–917c
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Non opus est diutius evagari, responde nunc. Bene dixit Arius solum aeternum Patrem? Et secundum Scripturas hoc dixit, an non? » Palladius dixit: « Non tibi respondeo. » Constantius episcopus dixit: « Non respondes, qui tamdiu blasphemasti? » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Sed debebis simpliciter fidei tuae prodere libertatem. Si a te gentilis exigeret quemadmodum in Christum crederes, confiteri erubescere non deberes. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "There is no need to wander about any longer; answer now. Did Arius rightly say that the Father alone is eternal? And did he say it according to the Scriptures, or not?" Palladius said: "I am not answering you." Bishop Constantius said: "You do not answer, you who have blasphemed for so long?" Bishop Eusebius said: "But you ought simply to show the freedom of your faith. If a pagan asked you how you believe in Christ, you ought not to blush to confess it."
1 Pet 3:15 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Palladius refuses to answer whether Arius was right; the bishops press him to confess his faith freely.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): episcopus dixit: ( Non opus → episcopus dixit: « Non opus; diu- ( tius → diutius; sot lum → solum; ( dixit, → dixit,; Palladius dixit: ( Non tibi → Palladius dixit: « Non tibi; Constantius episcopus dixit: ( Non respondes, h → Constantius episcopus dixit: « Non respondes,; ture → tuae; conflteri → confiteri.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 9 (PL 16:917b–917c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-9) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 10
10PL 16:917c–919a
Sabinus episcopus dixit: « Tu petisti ut responderemus: hodie ex voluntate tua, et te urgente, convenimus, et non exspectavimus reliquos fratres, qui poterant venire. Proinde non tibi liberum est evagari. Christum dicis esse creatum? aut sempiternum dicis esse Filium Dei? » Palladius dixit: « Dixi tibi, nos ideo diximus vobis ut veniremus, et convinceremus quod non recte fecistis subrepere imperatori. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Legatur epistola Palladii, utrum nobis hoc mandaverit, et docebitur quod etiam nunc fallit. » Palladius dixit: « Legatur plane. » Episcopi dixerunt: « Imperator cum esset praesens syrmio, tu illum interpellasti, an ipse te compulit? Et addiderunt: Quid ad ista respondes?» Palladius respondit: « Dixit mihi: Vade. Diximus: Orientales, conventi sunt? Ait: Conventi sunt. Numquid si Orientales non fuissent conventi, numquid nos convenissemus? »
Bishop Sabinus said: "You asked that we should answer; today we have assembled by your wish and at your urging, and we did not wait for the rest of the brothers who could have come. So you are not free to wander about. Do you say that Christ is created, or do you say that the Son of God is everlasting?" Palladius said: "I told you: we said this to you for this reason, that we might come and prove that you did not act rightly in creeping up on the emperor." Bishop Ambrose said: "Let Palladius's letter be read, whether he sent us this message, and it will be shown that even now he is deceiving." Palladius said: "By all means let it be read." The bishops said: "When the emperor was present at Sirmium, did you approach him, or did he compel you?" And they added: "What do you answer to this?" Palladius answered: "He said to me, 'Go.' We said, 'Have the Easterners been summoned?' He said, 'They have been summoned.' Would we have come if the Easterners had not been summoned?"
Notes and citation
Summary: Sabinus presses Palladius to say whether Christ is created; Palladius says he came only to show that the bishops had improperly influenced the emperor.
- "Creeping up on the emperor" (subrepere imperatori): obtaining a decision from the emperor by stealth.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): Sabinos → Sabinus; dixit: ( Tu → dixit: « Tu; fraires, → fratres,; creatum?aut → creatum? aut; i Dixi tibi, hos ideo → Dixi tibi, nos ideo; ulveniremus, → ut veniremus,; Legntur → Legatur; epi « stola → epistola; uirum → utrum; doc cebitur → docebitur; ctiam → etiam; DixU → Dixit; Oricniales, → Orientales,; sunt? a → sunt?.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 10 (PL 16:917c–919a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-10) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 11
11PL 16:919a–919c
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Sequestrata sit causa Orientalium, sententiam tuam hodie quaero. Arii tibi epistola lecta est: soles te Arianum negare. Aut damna hodie Arium, aut defende. » Palladius dixit: « Non est auctoritatis tuae, ut hoc a me quæras. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Non credimus religiosum imperatorem aliud dixisse, quam scripsit. Episcopos jussit convenire: non potuit tibi soli contra rescriptum suum dicere, ut sine orientalibus causa minime diceretur. » Palladius dixit: « Si Itali soli jussi sunt convenire? » Evagrius presbyter et legatus dixit: « Ut ante quatuor dies, et ante biduum responderet se affuturum. Quid ergo exspectabas? Orientalium, ut dicis, consortium tuorum sententiam exspectandam? Sic debuisti mandare, non promittere conflictum. » Palladius dixit: « Quia quasi ad concilium plenum veneram, vidi non convenisse consortes meos, ut convenirem, et dicerem secundum jussionem ageretis in praejudicium futuri Concilii. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "Let the case of the Easterners be set aside; I ask for your own opinion today. The letter of Arius has been read to you; you usually deny that you are an Arian. Either condemn Arius today, or defend him." Palladius said: "It is not within your authority to ask this of me." Bishop Eusebius said: "We do not believe that the religious emperor said anything other than he wrote. He ordered the bishops to assemble; he could not have said to you alone, against his own rescript, that the case should not be pleaded without the Easterners." Palladius said: "What if the Italians alone were ordered to assemble?" Evagrius, presbyter and legate, said: "Four days ago, and two days ago, he answered that he would be present. What were you waiting for, then? Were you waiting for the opinion of the Easterners, your colleagues, as you say? Then you ought to have sent word, not promised a debate." Palladius said: "Because I had come as if to a full council, and saw that my colleagues had not assembled, I came so as to say that you would be acting, according to the command, to the prejudice of a future council."
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose demands that Palladius condemn or defend Arius; the bishops reject his claim that the emperor wanted the Easterners present.
- Evagrius is the presbyter of Antioch, later bishop there, who attended as a legate. The last sentence of Palladius is awkward in the Latin; translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): sit « → sit; « Arii → Arii; ne.. garc. → negare.; dixit: I Non → dixit: « Non; b Episcopos → Episcopos; rescriplumsuumdicere, → rescriptum suum dicere,; c sententiam → sententiam; de buisti → debuisti; conDictum. → conflictum.; d ut → ut.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 11 (PL 16:919a–919c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-11) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 12
12PL 16:919c–919a
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Ut hodie resideremus, ipse exegisti. Denique etiam hodie tu ipse dixisti quia christiani ad christianos venimus. Christianos igitur nos probasti. Promisisti te conflictaturum, promisisti te allaturum aut acceptaturum esse rationem. Libenter itaque accepimus praefationem tuam. Optavimus ut quasi christianus venires. Obtuli tibi epistolam Arii, quam scripsit Arius, de cujus nomine dicitis vos injuriam frequenter sustinere. Dicitis quod Arium non sequamini. Hodie aperta debet esse sententia: aut condemna illum, aut astrue quibusvis lectionibus. » Et addidit: « Ergo juxta epistolam Arii Christus Dei Filius non est sempiternus? Palladius dixit: « Nos diximus probaturos nos christianos, sed in concilio pleno. Non vobis respondemus omnino in praejudicium concilii futuri. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Sine calliditate, fidei tuae professionem debes exponere. » Palladius dixit: « Et quid concilio reservamus? »
Bishop Ambrose said: "You yourself demanded that we sit today. Indeed, today you yourself said that 'we have come as Christians to Christians.' So you have acknowledged us to be Christians. You promised that you would debate; you promised that you would give or receive a reason. So we gladly accepted your preface. We hoped that you would come as a Christian. I offered you the letter of Arius, which Arius wrote, from whose name you say you often suffer injury. You say that you do not follow Arius. Today your opinion ought to be open: either condemn him, or maintain his view with whatever readings you like." And he added: "So, according to the letter of Arius, Christ the Son of God is not everlasting?" Palladius said: "We said that we would prove ourselves Christians, but in a full council. We will not answer you at all, to the prejudice of a future council." Bishop Eusebius said: "You ought to set out the profession of your faith without craftiness." Palladius said: "And what do we reserve for the council?"
1 Pet 3:15 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose reminds Palladius that he had promised to debate as a Christian and again demands that he condemn Arius or defend him; Palladius refuses.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): reside « remus, → resideremus,; « dixisti → dixisti; venimus. « → venimus.; con « flictaturum, → conflictaturum,; promisisti e → promisisti; accepta « turum → acceptaturum; accepimus « → accepimus; christianus « → christianus; « Arius, → Arius,; fre- « quenter → frequenter; sequa « mini. → sequamini.; cont demna → condemna; astrue f → astrue; « Filius → Filius; adei → fidei.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 12 (PL 16:919c–919a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-12) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 13
13PL 16:919a–919b
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Omni ore condemnatio facta est in eum, qui negaret Dei Filium sempiternum. Negavit Arius; hunc sequitur Palladius, qui non vult condemnare Arium. Itaque utrum hujus probanda sententia sit, considerate: et utrum secundum Scripturas dicat, aut contra Scripturas, intelligere licet. Lectum est enim: Sempiterna virtus Dei atque divinitas. Dei virtus Christus est? Si igitur sempiterna Dei virtus est, sempiternus utique Christus est; quia Christus est Dei virtus ». Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Hæc fides nostra est, hæc intelligentia catholica. Qui haec non dixerit, anathema. » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Anathema. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "With one voice a condemnation has been passed on anyone who would deny that the Son of God is everlasting. Arius denied it; Palladius follows him, since he will not condemn Arius. So consider whether his opinion should be approved, and it is possible to understand whether he speaks according to the Scriptures or against the Scriptures. For it is read: 'His everlasting power and divinity.' Is not Christ the power of God? If, then, the power of God is everlasting, Christ is surely everlasting, because Christ is the power of God." Bishop Eusebius said: "This is our faith, this is the catholic understanding. Whoever does not say this, anathema." All the bishops said: "Anathema."
Rom 1:20 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 1:24 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose argues from Rom 1:20 and 1 Cor 1:24 that Christ, the power of God, is everlasting; the bishops anathematize whoever denies it.
- The quotation is Rom 1:20; "Christ the power of God" is 1 Cor 1:24. Migne's inline references (Rom 1:20; "1 Cor 1:8") are removed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): con- I demnatio → condemnatio; « sempiternum. → sempiternum.; Palla. dius, → Palladius,; Itac que → Itaque; conside- I rate: → considerate:; aut « → aut; « enim: → enim:; virlut → virtus; alque → atque; divinilas. I → divinitas.; est ( Rom. I, 20)? → est?; igitur « → igitur; « Christus → Christus; » (I Cor. I, 8). → »..
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 13 (PL 16:919a–919b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-13) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 14
14PL 16:919b
Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Specialiter dicit solum Patrem sempiternum, et Filium aliquando coepisse. » Palladius dixit: « Arium nec vidi, nec scio qui sit. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Arii blasphemia prolata est, in qua negat Dei Filium sempiternum. Hanc perfidiam damnas cum auctore, aut asseris? » Palladius dixit: « Ubi auctoritas pleni concilii non est, non dico. »
Bishop Eusebius said: "He says expressly that the Father alone is everlasting, and that the Son began at some time." Palladius said: "I have neither seen Arius nor do I know who he is." Bishop Eusebius said: "The blasphemy of Arius has been brought forward, in which he denies that the Son of God is everlasting. Do you condemn this faithlessness together with its author, or do you maintain it?" Palladius said: "Where there is not the authority of a full council, I do not say."
Notes and citation
Summary: Palladius claims not to know Arius and again refuses to answer outside a full council.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): Specialilcr → Specialiter; pro. lata → prolata.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 14 (PL 16:919b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-14) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 15
15PL 16:919b–919c
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Dubitas post divina judicia damnare Arium, cum crepuerit medius? » Et addidit: « Dicant etiam sancti viri legati Gallorum. » Constantius episcopus et legatus Gallorum dixit: « Hanc impietatem ejus hominis et semper damnavimus, et nunc damnamus non solum Arium; sed et quicumque Filium Dei non dixerit sempiternum. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Quid etiam dicit dominus meus Justus? » Justus episcopus et legatus Gallorum dixit: « Qui Filium Dei coaeternum cum Patre non confitetur, anathema habeatur. » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Anathema. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "Do you hesitate, after the divine judgments, to condemn Arius, when he burst asunder in the middle?" And he added: "Let the holy men, the legates of the Gauls, also speak." Bishop Constantius, legate of the Gauls, said: "We have always condemned this impiety of that man, and we condemn it now: not only Arius, but also whoever does not say that the Son of God is everlasting." Bishop Ambrose said: "What does my lord Justus also say?" Bishop Justus, legate of the Gauls, said: "Whoever does not confess that the Son of God is co-eternal with the Father, let him be held anathema." All the bishops said: "Anathema."
Acts 1:18 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose recalls Arius's death as a divine judgment; the legates of Gaul condemn whoever denies that the Son is co-eternal with the Father.
- "Burst asunder in the middle" applies Acts 1:18 (the death of Judas) to the reported death of Arius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): post v → post; crepuerit « → crepuerit; viri « → viri; « dominus → dominus; habeatur. I Omnes → habeatur. » Omnes; Anathema. I → Anathema. ».
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 15 (PL 16:919b–919c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-15) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 16
16PL 16:919c–921a
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Dicant etiam Afrorum legati, qui omnium civium huc attulere sententias. » Felix episcopus et legatus dixit: « Si quis Filium Dei negaverit sempiternum, et coaeternum negaverit, non solus ego legatus totius Africanae provinciae damno: sed et cunctus chorus sacerdotalis, qui ad hunc coetum sanctissimum me misit, etiam ipse ante damnavit. » Anemius episcopus dixit: « Caput illyrici non nisi civitas est Sirmiensis: ego igitur episcopus illius civitatis sum. Eum qui non confitetur Filium Dei aeternum, et coæternum Patri, quod est sempiternum, anathema dico: sed etiam iis qui idem non confitentur. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "Let the legates of the Africans also speak, who have brought here the opinions of all their fellow citizens." Bishop Felix, legate, said: "If anyone denies that the Son of God is everlasting and denies that he is co-eternal, not only I, legate of the whole province of Africa, condemn him, but the whole choir of priests that sent me to this most holy assembly has itself already condemned him." Bishop Anemius said: "The head of Illyricum is none other than the city of Sirmium; I, then, am bishop of that city. Whoever does not confess that the Son of God is eternal and co-eternal with the Father, that is, everlasting, I declare anathema, and also those who do not confess the same."
Notes and citation
Summary: The African legate Felix and Anemius of Sirmium, head of Illyricum, condemn whoever denies that the Son is eternal and co-eternal with the Father.
- "Fellow citizens" renders civium as printed (perhaps for "cities").
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): « Afrorum → Afrorum; legati, K → legati,; attu « lere → attulere; coelum → coetum; Sirmiensis: eo igitur → Sirmiensis: ego igitur; i! lius → illius; a sed → sed.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 16 (PL 16:919c–921a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-16) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 17
17PL 16:921a–921b
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Audite sequentia. » Et recitatum est: « Solum aeternum, solum sine initio, solum verum, solum immortalitatem habentem. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Et in hoc damna eum, qui negat Filium Deum verum. Cum enim ipse sit veritas, quemadmodum non est Deus verus? » Et addidit: « Quid ad hoc? » Palladius dixit: « Filium verum quis non dicit? » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Arius negavit. » Palladius dixit: « Cum Apostolus dicat Christum super omnia Deum, potest aliquis negare verum Filium Dei? »
Bishop Ambrose said: "Hear what follows." And it was read: "Alone eternal, alone without beginning, alone true, alone having immortality." Bishop Ambrose said: "In this too, condemn the one who denies that the Son is true God. For since he himself is the truth, how is he not true God?" And he added: "What do you say to this?" Palladius said: "Who does not call the Son true?" Bishop Ambrose said: "Arius denied it." Palladius said: "Since the Apostle says that Christ is God over all, can anyone deny that the Son of God is true?"
John 14:6 (allusion, high confidence) · Rom 9:5 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: From Arius's letter (the Father "alone true") Ambrose demands that Palladius confess the Son as true God; Palladius will only call him the true Son.
- The words read are from Arius's letter to Alexander. "He himself is the truth": John 14:6. "God over all": Rom 9:5.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): eat: → est:; « eum, → eum,; « ipse → ipse; Deus « b → Deus; dixit: v Cum → dixit: « Cum; negarc → negare; H'ilium Dei? i → Filium Dei? ».
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 17 (PL 16:921a–921b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-17) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 18
18PL 16:921b–921c
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Ut scias quam simpliciter veritas a nobis requiratur, ecce dico ego, ut dicis: sed semiplenum habeo. Cum enim ita dicis, videris negare Deum verum: si autem simpliciter confiteris verum Deum Filium Dei, eo ordine astrue, quo ipse propono. » Palladius dixit: « Ego secundum Scripturas tibi loquor, verum Filium Dei Dominum dico. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Verum Dominum dicis Filium Dei? » Palladius dixit: « Cum verum Filium dicam, quid amplius? » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Non quaero tantummodo, ut verum Filium dicas, sed ut verum Dominum Dei Filium dicas. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "So that you may know how simply the truth is required of us, see, I say as you say; but I hold it as half-complete. For when you speak so, you seem to deny that he is true God; but if you simply confess that the Son of God is true God, maintain it in the order in which I myself put it." Palladius said: "I am speaking to you according to the Scriptures: I call the true Son of God Lord." Bishop Ambrose said: "Do you call the Son of God true Lord?" Palladius said: "Since I call him the true Son, what more?" Bishop Ambrose said: "I am not asking only that you call him the true Son, but that you call the Son of God true Lord."
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose says that calling Christ the true Son is only half the confession and presses Palladius to call him true Lord.
- "True Lord" (verum Dominum) as printed here and in the following sections; the argument concerns whether Christ is "true God" (see 17 and 20), and "Dominum" may stand for "Deum" in the digitization. Translated as printed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): qnam i → quam; « ego, → ego,; c habeo. → habeo.; enim v → enim; « simpliciter → simpliciter; confiteris: d → confiteris; Dei, « → Dei,; e Dominum « → Dominum; Dei? »- Palladius → Dei? » Palladius; tantum « modo, → tantummodo,; utverumDomi « num → ut verum Dominum.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 18 (PL 16:921b–921c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-18) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 19
19PL 16:921c–921d
Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Christus Deus verus est, secundum omnium fidem, et catholicam professionem? » Palladius dixit: « Verus Dei Filius est. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Nam et nos per adoptionem filii sumus, ille secundum proprietatem generationis divinæ ». Et addidit: « Confiteris ergo verum Filium Dei Dominum verum esse secundum nativitatem et proprietatem? » Palladius dixit: « Verum Dei Filium unigenitum dico. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Hoc ergo putas contra Scripturas, si Christus Deus verus esse dicatur? »
Bishop Eusebius said: "Is Christ true God, according to the faith of all and the catholic profession?" Palladius said: "He is the true Son of God." Bishop Eusebius said: "For we too are sons by adoption; he is Son by the property of divine generation." And he added: "Do you confess, then, that the true Son of God is true Lord according to his birth and property?" Palladius said: "I call him the true, only-begotten Son of God." Bishop Eusebius said: "Do you think, then, that it is against the Scriptures if Christ is said to be true God?"
Gal 4:5 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius distinguishes our adoptive sonship from Christ's sonship by nature and asks whether calling Christ true God is unscriptural.
- "Sons by adoption": Gal 4:5–7; Migne's reference is removed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): nosperadoptionem → nos per adoptionem; » (Galat. IV, 7). → ».; iConfiteris → « Confiteris; esse f → esse.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 19 (PL 16:921c–921d; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-19) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 20
20PL 16:921a–921b
Cumque Palladius reticeret, Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Solum verum Filium Dei qui dicit, et non vult dicere dominum verum, videtur negare. Hoc igitur ordine confiteatur, si tamen confitetur, Palladius; et dicat utrum verum Dominum Dei Filium dicat. » Palladius dixit: « Cum dicat Filius: Ut cognoscant te solum verum Dominum, et quem misisti Jesum Christum; affectu, an in veritate? » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Joannes dixit in epistola sua: Hic est verus Deus. Nega hoc. » Palladius dixit: « Cum dicam tibi verum Filium, profiteor veram etiam divinitatem. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Et in hoc est fraus; sic enim soletis dicere unam et veram divinitatem, ut Patris tantummodo, non etiam Filii veram et unam divinitatem dicatis. Ergo si aperte vis dicere, quia ad Scripturas me provocas, dic quod dixit evangelista Joannes: Hic est verus Deus: aut nega dictum. » Palladius dixit: « Absque Filio alius genitus non est. »
When Palladius was silent, Bishop Ambrose said: "Whoever calls the Son of God only true Son, and will not call him true Lord, seems to deny it. Let Palladius, then, confess in this order, if indeed he confesses; and let him say whether he calls the Son of God true Lord." Palladius said: "Since the Son says, 'That they may know you, the only true Lord, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent': is it in affection, or in truth?" Bishop Ambrose said: "John said in his epistle, 'This is the true God.' Deny this." Palladius said: "When I tell you he is the true Son, I profess also a true divinity." Bishop Ambrose said: "In this too there is deceit; for you are accustomed to speak of one true divinity in such a way that you call it the true and one divinity of the Father only, not also of the Son. So if you wish to speak openly, since you challenge me to the Scriptures, say what the evangelist John said, 'This is the true God,' or deny that it was said." Palladius said: "Besides the Son, no other was begotten."
John 17:3 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 John 5:20 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Palladius appeals to John 17:3 (the Father the only true God); Ambrose answers with 1 John 5:20, "This is the true God," and exposes the Homoian sense of "one true divinity".
- Palladius quotes John 17:3, where the Latin Gospel reads "the only true God"; the acts as printed have "Lord" (see the note on 18). "Is it in affection, or in truth?" is obscure in the Latin; translated literally. Ambrose quotes 1 John 5:20. Migne's references are removed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): v non → non; s videtur → videtur; negare. « → negare.; confile « tur, → confitetur,; utrumverum → utrum verum; Dei « → Dei; Christum (Joan. XVII, 3); h → Christum;; « epistola → epistola; Deus ( I Joan. v, 20). « → Deus.; « sic → sic; divinita « tem, → divinitatem,; etam → etiam; « et → et; unani → unam; dic cere, → dicere,; « dixit → dixit; evangelista,Joannes: → evangelista Joannes:; Deus: « → Deus:; dixit: i → dixit:.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 20 (PL 16:921a–921b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-20) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 21
21PL 16:921b–921c
Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Christus verus Deus secundum omnium fidem et catholicam professionem, an in sententia tua Deus verus non est? » Palladius dixit: « Virtus Dei nostri est. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Non habes libertatem profitendi; ac per hoc anathema ei, qui non confitetur verum Dominum Filium Dei. » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Anathema habeatur, qui Christum Filium Dei Dominum verum non dixerit. »
Bishop Eusebius said: "Is Christ true God according to the faith of all and the catholic profession, or in your opinion is he not true God?" Palladius said: "He is the power of our God." Bishop Ambrose said: "You do not have the freedom to profess; and therefore, anathema to whoever does not confess that the Son of God is true Lord." All the bishops said: "Let him be held anathema who does not call Christ the Son of God true Lord."
1 Cor 1:24 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Palladius calls Christ only "the power of our God"; the bishops anathematize whoever will not confess him true Lord.
- "The power of our God": 1 Cor 1:24.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): fidem ct catholicam → fidem et catholicam; liberta « tem → libertatem; « conStetur i → confitetur; k Dominum → Dominum.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 21 (PL 16:921b–921c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-21) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 22
22PL 16:921c–921d
Iterum addidit: « Solum verum, solum immortalitatem habentem. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Filius Dei habet immortalitatem, aut non habet secundum divinitatem? » Palladius dixit: « Apostolum admittis, an non? Rex regum, qui solus habet immortalitatem. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « De Christo Filio Dei quid dicis? » Palladius dixit: « Christus nomen divinum est, an humanum? »
Again he added: "Alone true, alone having immortality." Bishop Ambrose said: "Does the Son of God have immortality according to his divinity, or does he not?" Palladius said: "Do you accept the Apostle or not? 'The King of kings, who alone has immortality.'" Bishop Ambrose said: "What do you say about Christ the Son of God?" Palladius said: "Is 'Christ' a divine name or a human one?"
1 Tim 6:15 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Tim 6:16 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: On Arius's "alone having immortality", Palladius cites 1 Tim 6:15–16 and asks whether "Christ" is a divine or a human name.
- Palladius quotes 1 Tim 6:15–16; Migne's reference is removed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): « immortalitatem, → immortalitatem,; divinitatem? v Palladius → divinitatem? » Palladius; » Rex → Rex; immortalitatem (I Tim. → immortalitatem.; VI, 16). → »; Filio « → Filio.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 22 (PL 16:921c–921d; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-22) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 23
23PL 16:921d–923a
Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Secundum carnis quidem sacramentum Christus dicitur, sed idem Deus et homo est. » Palladius dixit: « Christus nomen carnis est: Christus nomen humanum est; et respondete vos mihi. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Quid superfluis immoraris? Cum legeretur impietas Arii, qui hoc dicit de Patre, quia solus habet immortalitatem, attulisti testimonium ad consensum impietatis Arii, ex Apostolo dicens: Qui solus habet immortalitatem, et lucem inaccessibilem habitat. Sed si intelligis, totius naturae dignitatem, in Dei nomine expressit: Siquidem in Dei nomine Pater et Filius designantur. » Palladius dixit: « Et ego vos, quod interrogavi, respondere noluistis. »
Bishop Eusebius said: "According to the mystery of the flesh he is called Christ, but the same is God and man." Palladius said: "'Christ' is a name of the flesh; 'Christ' is a human name. And you answer me." Bishop Eusebius said: "Why do you dwell on superfluous matters? When the impiety of Arius was read, who says this of the Father, that he alone has immortality, you brought a testimony from the Apostle in agreement with Arius's impiety, saying, 'Who alone has immortality and dwells in unapproachable light.' But if you understand, he expressed the dignity of the whole nature in the name 'God', since in the name 'God' the Father and the Son are signified." Palladius said: "And I asked you, and you would not answer what I asked."
1 Tim 6:16 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius answers that in 1 Tim 6:16 the name "God" signifies the whole divine nature, Father and Son together.
- "Mystery of the flesh" (carnis sacramentum): the incarnation. Quotation: 1 Tim 6:16. Palladius's last sentence is awkward in the Latin; translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): cst; → est;; mihi. i Eusebius → mihi. » Eusebius; anulisti → attulisti; habitat (I Tim. VI, 16). → habitat.; tulius → totius; qnod → quod.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 23 (PL 16:921d–923a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-23) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 24
24PL 16:923a
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Aperte de te sententiam quæro: Filius Dei habet immortalitatem secundum generationem divinam, an non habet? » Palladius dixit: « Secundum generationem divinam incorruptibilis, et per carnem mortuus est. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Non divinitas mortua est, sed caro mortua est. » Palladius dixit: « Ante vos mihi respondete. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Filius Dei secundum divinitatem habet immortalitatem, an non habet? Sed et jam fraudes et insidias tuas non secundum Arii professionem prodidisti? » Et addidit: « Qui Filium Dei negat habere immortalitatem, quid vobis videtur? » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Anathema habeatur. » [25] Palladius dixit: « Satus divinu, immortali? est. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Astute et hoc, ut de Dei Filio nihil exprimas evidenter, et ego dico: « Immortalitatem habet Dei Filius secundum divinitatem, aut nega quia non habet immortalitatem. » Palladius dixit: « Christus mortuus est, an non? » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Secundum carnem: anima nostra non moritur; scriptum est enim: Nolite timere eos qui occidunt corpus, animam autem non possunt occidere. Cum igitur anima nostra mori non possit, putas quod Christus secundum divinitatem mortuus sit? » Palladius dixit: « Mortis appellationem quare tu horres? » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Immo non horreo, sed confiteor secundum carnem meam; est enim per quem a mortis vinculis sum revinctus. » Palladius dixit: « Mortem separatio facit spiritus; nam Christus Filius Dei carnem suscepit, et per carnem mortuus est. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Scriptum est Christum passum. Secundum carnem igitur passus est, secundum divinitatem habet immortalitatem. Hoc qui negat, diabolus est. » Palladius dixit: « Ego Arium non novi.
Bishop Ambrose said: "I ask your opinion openly: does the Son of God have immortality according to his divine generation, or not?" Palladius said: "According to his divine generation he is incorruptible, and through the flesh he died." Bishop Ambrose said: "The divinity did not die, but the flesh died." Palladius said: "You answer me first." Bishop Ambrose said: "Does the Son of God have immortality according to his divinity, or not? Have you not betrayed your deceits and snares, which are not according to Arius's profession?" And he added: "Whoever denies that the Son of God has immortality: what do you think?" All the bishops said: "Let him be held anathema." [25] Palladius said: "The divine … is immortal." Bishop Ambrose said: "This too is crafty, so as to express nothing clearly about the Son of God. I too say: the Son of God has immortality according to his divinity; or deny that he has immortality." Palladius said: "Did Christ die, or not?" Bishop Ambrose said: "According to the flesh. Our soul does not die; for it is written: 'Do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul.' Since, then, our soul cannot die, do you think that Christ died according to his divinity?" Palladius said: "Why do you shudder at the word 'death'?" Bishop Ambrose said: "Indeed I do not shudder at it, but I confess it according to my flesh; for he is the one through whom I have been freed from the bonds of death." Palladius said: "Separation of the spirit makes death; for Christ the Son of God took flesh and died through the flesh." Bishop Ambrose said: "It is written that Christ suffered. According to the flesh, therefore, he suffered; according to his divinity he has immortality. Whoever denies this is a devil." Palladius said: "I have not known Arius."
Matt 10:28 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Pet 4:1 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose distinguishes Christ's death in the flesh from his immortal divinity; the bishops anathematize whoever denies the Son immortality.
- Section 25 begins inside this staged section (its number was lost in the digitization) and is marked [25].
- Palladius's first sentence in 25 is garbled ("Satus divinu, immortali? est"); perhaps "the divine nature is immortal". Translated with "…".
- Quotation: Matt 10:28 (Migne's reference, "Matt 12:28", is removed). "Freed" renders "revinctus" by sense (literally "bound again"; probably a slip for a word meaning "released").
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): Ambrosius.episcopus → Ambrosius episcopus; te « → te; immorlalita- « tem → immortalitatem; an non bai bet? ». Palladius → an non habet? » Palladius; est. I Ambrosius → est. » Ambrosius; more tua → mortua; respondete. I Ambrosius → respondete. » Ambrosius; dixit:: → dixit:; secundum « → secundum; immortalitatem,( an nOD hac bet? " → immortalitatem, an non habet?; se- « cundum → secundum; Eladdidit: → Et addidit:; immortalitatem, « → immortalitatem,; babeatur.t 25. Palladius → habeatur. » [25] Palladius; dixit j → dixit:; ut « → ut; divini. tatem, → divinitatem,; habet immortalitatem. v palladius → habet immortalitatem. » Palladius; Chrislus → Christus; « anima → anima; enin,: i → enim:; animam. v → animam; occidere (Matth. → occidere.; XII, 28).Cum « → Cum; quod « → quod; « sed → sed; confiteor b → confiteor; eslenim « → est enim; c Chris « tum → Christum; « secundum → secundum; iioc « → Hoc.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 24 (PL 16:923a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-24) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 26
26PL 16:923a–923b
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Ergo male dixit Arius, cum etiam Filius Dei habeat immortalitatem secundum divinitatem. » Et addidit: « Bene dixit ergo, an male? » Palladius dixit: « Non consentio. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Cui non consentis? Anathema illi, qui non explicat fidei libertatem. » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Anathema. » Palladius dixit: « Dicite quod vultis, ejus est divinitas immortalis. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Cujus, Patris, an et Filii? » Et addidit: « Multas impietates congessit Arius. Sed ad alia transeamus. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "So Arius spoke wrongly, since the Son of God too has immortality according to his divinity." And he added: "Did he speak rightly, then, or wrongly?" Palladius said: "I do not agree." Bishop Ambrose said: "With whom do you not agree? Anathema to him who does not set out the freedom of his faith." All the bishops said: "Anathema." Palladius said: "Say what you will; his is the immortal divinity." Bishop Ambrose said: "Whose? The Father's, or the Son's too?" And he added: "Arius heaped up many impieties. But let us pass on to other things."
Notes and citation
Summary: Palladius will not say whether Arius spoke wrongly; Ambrose moves on to the next clause of Arius's letter.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): dixit « → dixit; immortalita « tem → immortalitatem; » £t addidit: → » Et addidit:; Bene « → Bene; eonsentis? « → consentis?; Anathema. • Palladius → Anathema. » Palladius; « Filii? « Et addidit: » Multas → Filii? » Et addidit: « Multas; congessit « → congessit; transeamus. ». → transeamus. ».
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 26 (PL 16:923a–923b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-26) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 27
27PL 16:923b–923c
Et recitatum est: « Solum sapientem. » Palladius dixit: « Pater a se sapit: Filius autem sapiens non est. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Ergo Filius non est sapiens, cum ipse sit sapientia? Nam et nos dicimus, quia ex Patre natus est Filius. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Est aliquid tam impium, tam profanum, quam quod dixit sapientem Filium Dei negare? » Palladius dixit: « Sapientia dicitur, quis potest sapientiam denegare? » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Sapiens est, an non? » Palladius dixit: « Sapientia est. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Sapiens ergo, cum sit sapientia. » Palladius dixit: « Secundum Scripturas vobis respondemus. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Etiam sapientem, quantum video, Filium Dei Palladius negare conatus est. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Qui negat Filium Dei sapientem, anathema sit. » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Anathema. »
And it was read: "Alone wise." Palladius said: "The Father is wise of himself; but the Son is not wise." Bishop Ambrose said: "So the Son is not wise, when he himself is wisdom? For we too say that the Son was born of the Father." Bishop Eusebius said: "Is there anything so impious, so profane, as what he said, denying that the Son of God is wise?" Palladius said: "He is called wisdom; who can deny wisdom?" Bishop Ambrose said: "Is he wise or not?" Palladius said: "He is wisdom." Bishop Ambrose said: "Wise, then, since he is wisdom." Palladius said: "We answer you according to the Scriptures." Bishop Ambrose said: "As far as I see, Palladius has tried to deny that the Son of God is even wise." Bishop Eusebius said: "Whoever denies that the Son of God is wise, let him be anathema." All the bishops said: "Anathema."
1 Cor 1:24 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: On Arius's "alone wise", Palladius will call the Son wisdom but not wise; the bishops anathematize whoever denies that the Son is wise.
- "The Son is not wise" as printed; the bishops' replies confirm the sense. "He himself is wisdom": 1 Cor 1:24 (Migne's reference removed).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): Solum sapientem, » → Solum sapientem. »; est. i Ambrosius → est. » Ambrosius; « sapiens, → sapiens,; sapientia (I Cor. i, 24)? → sapientia?; Nam « → Nam; s.pienlein → sapientem; uegare? »_ Palladius → negare? » Palladius; dixit: i _ Sapientia → dixit: « Sapientia; cum v → cum; Amhrosius → Ambrosius; « quantum → quantum; negaro → negare; co « natus → conatus; negai → negat; dixerunt, → dixerunt:.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 27 (PL 16:923b–923c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-27). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-27) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 28
28PL 16:923c–925a
Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Etiam Secundianus ad hoc respondeat. » Cumque Secundianus reticeret, Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Qui tacet, integrum vult habere judicium. » Et addidit: « Solum Patrem bonum cum dicit, Filium confessus est, an negavit? » Palladius dixit: « Legimus: Ego sum pastor bonus; et nos negamus? Quis non dicat bonum Dei Filium? » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Ergo bonus est Christus? » Palladius dixit: « Bonus. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Male ergo Arius de solo Patre dixit, cum etiam Filius Dei Ueusomnibus sit. Palladius dixit: « Qui bonum non dicit Christum, male dicit. »
Bishop Eusebius said: "Let Secundianus also answer this." And when Secundianus was silent, Bishop Ambrose said: "He who is silent wishes to keep his judgment intact." And he added: "When he says that the Father alone is good, has he confessed the Son, or denied him?" Palladius said: "We read, 'I am the good shepherd'; and do we deny it? Who would not call the Son of God good?" Bishop Ambrose said: "So Christ is good?" Palladius said: "Good." Bishop Ambrose said: "So Arius spoke wrongly about the Father alone, since the Son of God too is good … to all." Palladius said: "Whoever does not call Christ good speaks wrongly."
John 10:11 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: On Arius's "alone good", Palladius cites John 10:11 and calls Christ good.
- Quotation: John 10:11 (Migne's reference removed). The end of Ambrose's sentence is garbled in the digitization ("Ueusomnibus", perhaps "God to all" or "good to all"); marked "…".
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): judi « cium. → judicium.; cum « → cum; bonus (Joan. x, 11); → bonus;; « Christus? → Christus?; Bonus. « Ambrosius → Bonus. » Ambrosius; dhit: → dixit:; « solo.Palre → solo Patre; eliam " → etiam; Ueusom « nibus → Ueusomnibus; sit. i → sit.; Palladius dixit: i Qui bonum DOn dicit → Palladius dixit: « Qui bonum non dicit; dicit. i → dicit. ».
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 28 (PL 16:923c–925a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-28) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 29
29PL 16:925a–925b
Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Christum bonum confiteris? Nam et ego bonus sum. Mihi dixit: Euge, serve bone, et: Homo bonus profert de thesauro suo bona ». Palladius dixit: « Jam dixi, vobis non respondeo usque ad plenum concilium. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Judæi dicebant quia bonus est: et Arius negat quia Filius Dei bonus est. » Palladius dixit: « Quis potest hoc negare? » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Bonus est ergo Deus Filius Dei. » Palladius dixit: « Bonus Pater bonum Filium genuit. »
Bishop Eusebius said: "Do you confess Christ to be good? For I too am good. To me it was said, 'Well done, good servant,' and, 'The good man brings forth good things out of his treasure.'" Palladius said: "I have already said, I am not answering you until a full council." Bishop Ambrose said: "The Jews said that he is good; and Arius denies that the Son of God is good." Palladius said: "Who can deny this?" Bishop Eusebius said: "So God the Son of God is good." Palladius said: "The good Father begot a good Son."
Matt 25:21 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 6:45 (quotation, high confidence) · John 7:12 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius shows that "good" alone does not confess divinity, since humans too are called good; Palladius says the good Father begot a good Son.
- Quotations: Matt 25:21, 23; Luke 6:45; John 7:12 (Migne's references removed). "The Jews said" is Ambrose's own remark, translated as written.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): bone (Matth. XXV, 20), → bone,; » (Luc. vi, 45). → ».; vohis → vobis; responJeo → respondeo; « bonus → bonus; est (Joan. VII, i2): → est:; Fit lius → Filius; negare? »- Eusebius → negare? » Eusebius.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 29 (PL 16:925a–925b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-29) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 30
30PL 16:925b
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Et nos bonos genuit; sed non secundum divinitatem. Deum bonum Dei Filium dicis. » Palladius dixit: « Filius Dei bonus est. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Vides ergo quia Christum bonum, bonum filium, non bonum Deum dicis; quod a te quaeritur. » Et addidit: « Qui bonum Filium Dei Deum non confitetur, anathema. » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Anathema. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "He begot us too as good, but not according to divinity. Do you call the Son of God good God?" Palladius said: "The Son of God is good." Bishop Ambrose said: "You see, then, that you call Christ good, a good Son, but not good God; which is what is asked of you." And he added: "Whoever does not confess the Son of God as good God, anathema." All the bishops said: "Anathema."
Gen 1:31 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The bishops anathematize whoever does not confess the Son of God as good God.
- "He begot us too as good" recalls Gen 1:31 (Migne's reference removed).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): « genuit (Gen. I, 31); → genuit;; divinitatem. « → divinitatem.; « Christum → Christum; - « dicis; → dicis;; quarrilur. → quaeritur.; bo « num b → bonum; ana. thema. → anathema..
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 30 (PL 16:925b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-30) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 31
31PL 16:925b–925d
Item recitavit: « Solum potentem. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Potens est Filius Dei, an non? » Palladius dixit: « Qui omnia fecit, non est potens? Qui omnia fecit, minus potest? » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Ergo Arius male dixit. » Et addidit: « Vel in hoc damnas Arium? » Palladius dixit: « Unde scio qui sit? Ego pro me respondeo tibi. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Filius Domini Dei Deus potens est? » Palladius dixit: « Potens. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Deus bonus est? » Palladius dixit: « Jam dixi Filium Dei unigenitum esse potentem. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Dominum potentem. » Palladius dixit: « Filium Dei potentem. »
Again he read: "Alone mighty." Bishop Ambrose said: "Is the Son of God mighty, or not?" Palladius said: "He who made all things, is he not mighty? He who made all things, is he less able?" Bishop Ambrose said: "So Arius spoke wrongly." And he added: "Do you condemn Arius at least in this?" Palladius said: "How do I know who he is? I answer you for myself." Bishop Ambrose said: "Is the Son of the Lord God mighty God?" Palladius said: "Mighty." Bishop Ambrose said: "Is he good God?" Palladius said: "I have already said that the only-begotten Son of God is mighty." Bishop Ambrose said: "Mighty Lord." Palladius said: "The Son of God is mighty."
John 1:3 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: On Arius's "alone mighty", Palladius calls the Son mighty but avoids calling him mighty God.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): episcopus dixit: i Poiens → episcopus dixit: « Potens; Filius « → Filius; estpotens? → est potens?; niinus → minus; male « → male; Uude → Unde; tibi. I Ambrosius → tibi. » Ambrosius; c Filius → Filius; Dei « → Dei; Palladius dixit: I Patens. i Ambrosius → Palladius dixit: « Potens. » Ambrosius; poten- « tem. → potentem.; potentem. i → potentem. ».
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 31 (PL 16:925b–925d; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-31). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-31) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 32
32PL 16:925d–925a
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Potentes et homines sunt; scriptum est enim: Quid gloriaris in malitia, qui potens es in iniquitate? Et alibi: Cum infirmor, tunc potens sum. Illud a te requiro, ut confitearis Dominum potentem esse Christum Dei Filium: aut si negas, astrue. Nam qui unam potentiam dico Patris et Filii, sic Filium Dei dico potentem sicut et Patrem. Dubitas ergo confiteri Dominum potentem esse Dei Filium? » Palladius dixit: « Jam dixi, secundum disputationem, prout possumus, respondemus vobis; vos enim soli vultis esse judices: vos litigatores esse vultis. Non vobis respondemus nunc, sed in concilio generali et pleno respondebimus vobis. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Anathema illi, qui negat Dominum potentem Christum. » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Anathema. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "Men too are mighty; for it is written, 'Why do you glory in malice, you who are mighty in iniquity?' And elsewhere, 'When I am weak, then I am mighty.' This is what I require of you: that you confess Christ the Son of God to be the mighty Lord; or, if you deny it, maintain your view. For I, who speak of one might of the Father and the Son, call the Son of God mighty just as the Father. Do you hesitate, then, to confess that the Son of God is the mighty Lord?" Palladius said: "I have already said: we answer you in debate, as far as we can; for you wish to be the only judges, and you wish to be the litigants. We do not answer you now, but in a general and full council we will answer you." Bishop Ambrose said: "Anathema to him who denies that Christ is the mighty Lord." All the bishops said: "Anathema."
Ps 52:1 (51:3 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · 2 Cor 12:10 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose shows from Ps 52:1 and 2 Cor 12:10 that "mighty" alone does not confess divinity; the bishops anathematize whoever denies that Christ is the mighty Lord.
- Quotations: Ps 52:1 (LXX 51:3) and 2 Cor 12:10 (Migne's references removed).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): dixit: i Potentes → dixit: « Potentes; lio « mines → homines; « malitia, → malitia,; potem → potens; iniquitate (Psal. LI, 3)? → iniquitate?; Et « → Et; alibi:Cum → alibi: Cum; tunc potens Bum (II Cor. xii, 10). « → tunc potens sum.; poten « tem → potentem; Filium: ant si → Filium: aut si; negas, « → negas,; et « → et; Pa « trem. → Patrem.; « esse → esse; dixit: v Jam → dixit: « Jam; gencrali → generali; qui « → qui; Anaihemn. → Anathema..
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 32 (PL 16:925d–925a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-32). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-32) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 33
33PL 16:925a–925c
Item recitatum est: « Solum potentem, omnium judicem. » Palladius dixit: « Omnium judicem Filium Dei. Est qui dat, est qui accipit. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Per gratiam dedit, an per naturam? Et hominibus datur judicium. » Palladius dixit: « Patrem majorem dicis, an non? » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Postea respondebo tibi. » Palladius dixit: « Ego tibi non respondeo, si non respondes mihi. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Nisi impietatem Arii ex ordine damnaveris, interrogandi non tibi dabimus facultatem. » Palladius dixit: « Non tibi respondeo. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Filius Dei, sicut lectum est, judex est, an non? » Palladius dixit: « Si non respondes mihi, ego tibi, ut impio, non respondeo. »
Again it was read: "Alone mighty, judge of all." Palladius said: "The Son of God is judge of all. There is one who gives, and one who receives." Bishop Ambrose said: "Did he give it by grace, or by nature? Judgment is given to men too." Palladius said: "Do you call the Father greater, or not?" Bishop Ambrose said: "I will answer you afterwards." Palladius said: "I do not answer you if you do not answer me." Bishop Eusebius said: "Unless you condemn the impiety of Arius point by point, we will not give you the opportunity of asking questions." Palladius said: "I am not answering you." Bishop Ambrose said: "Is the Son of God judge, as has been read, or not?" Palladius said: "If you do not answer me, I do not answer you, as an impious man."
John 5:22 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Palladius says the Son judges because the Father gave him judgment and asks whether the Father is greater; the bishops refuse his questions until he condemns Arius.
- "One who gives, and one who receives" alludes to John 5:22, 27.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): judicem a → judicem; I an → an; judi « cium. → judicium.; « libi. → tibi.; milii. → mihi.; cpiscopus → episcopus; « lectum → lectum; mihi, cgo tibi, → mihi, ego tibi,.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 33 (PL 16:925a–925c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-33). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-33) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 34
34PL 16:925c
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Habes professionem meam, qua respondebo tibi. Interim perlegatur epistola Arii. » Et addidit: « In epistola Arii invenies et hoc sacrilegium, quod tu moliris. » Palladius dixit: « Ego qui interrogo, non respondetis? » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Filium Dei Deum aequalem dicimus. » Palladius dixit: « Tu judex es, tui exceptores hic sunt. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Scribant tui, qui volunt. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "You have my profession, by which I will answer you. Meanwhile let the letter of Arius be read through." And he added: "In the letter of Arius you will find this sacrilege too, which you are attempting." Palladius said: "I who ask, do you not answer?" Bishop Eusebius said: "We call the Son of God equal God." Palladius said: "You are the judge; your stenographers are here." Bishop Ambrose said: "Let yours write, those who wish."
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius declares the Son equal God; Palladius complains that only the bishops' stenographers are recording.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): proles « sionem → professionem; tibi, → tibi.; per. legatur → perlegatur; » Ei addidit: → » Et addidit:; epistola « → epistola; mo « liris. → moliris.; « volunt. → volunt..
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 34 (PL 16:925c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-34). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-34) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 35
35PL 16:925d–927a
Palladius dixit: « Pater major est, an non? » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Secundum divinitatem aequalis est Filius Patri. Habes in Evangelio quod Judæi persequebantur eum; quia non solum solvebat sabbatum, sed et Patrem suum dicebat Deum, aequalem se faciens Deo. Quod ergo impii persequentes confessi sunt, nos credentes negare non possumus. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Et alibi habes: Qui cum esset in forma Dei, non rapinam arbitratus est esse se æqualem Deo; sed semetipsum exinanivit, formam servi accipiens, in similitudinem hominum factus obediens usque ad mortem ». Et addidit: « Vides quia in forma Dei aequalis est? Et formam, inquit, servi accepit. In quo ergo minor est? Secundum formam utique servi, non Dei. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Sicut in forma servi constitutus, inferior servo non fuit: ita in forma Dei constitutus, inferior Deo esse non potuit. »
Palladius said: "Is the Father greater, or not?" Bishop Eusebius said: "According to the divinity the Son is equal to the Father. You have in the Gospel that the Jews persecuted him, because he not only broke the Sabbath but also called God his own Father, making himself equal to God. What, then, the impious persecutors acknowledged, we who believe cannot deny." Bishop Ambrose said: "And elsewhere you have: 'Who, though he was in the form of God, did not think it robbery to be equal with God, but emptied himself, taking the form of a servant, made in the likeness of men, becoming obedient unto death.'" And he added: "You see that in the form of God he is equal? 'And he took,' it says, 'the form of a servant.' In what, then, is he less? In the form of a servant, surely, not of God." Bishop Eusebius said: "Just as, being in the form of a servant, he was not inferior to a servant, so, being in the form of God, he could not be inferior to God."
John 5:18 (quotation, high confidence) · Phil 2:6 (quotation, high confidence) · Phil 2:7 (quotation, high confidence) · Phil 2:8 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius and Ambrose answer from John 5:18 and Phil 2:6–8 that the Son is equal to the Father in the form of God and less only in the form of a servant.
- Quotations: John 5:18; Phil 2:6–8 (Migne's references removed). "The Jews persecuted him" and "the impious persecutors" are Eusebius's own words, translated as written.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): diviuitatem → divinitatem; Hales → Habes; diccbat → dicebat; Deo (Joan. v, 18). → Deo.; credentos → credentes; dixit: Et alibi → dixit: « Et alibi; « Qui « → Qui; Dei, nou rapinam → Dei, non rapinam; est c → est; semel ipsum → semetipsum; exinanivit, v → exinanivit,; t factus → factus; » (Philip. n, 6). → ».; Et c → Et; i formam, → formam,; accepit (Ibid.). → accepit.; ergo « → ergo; non i → non.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 35 (PL 16:925d–927a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-35). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-35) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 36
36PL 16:927a–927d
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Aut dic quia secundum divinitatem minor est Filius Dei. » Palladius dixit: « Pater major est. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Secundum carnem. » Palladius dixit: « Qui me misit, major est me. Caro missa est a Deo, aut Filius Dei?» Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Falsari a vobis divinas Scripturas hodie comprobamus; sic enim scriptum est: Pacem meam do vobis, pacem meam relinquo vobis. Non turbetur cor vestrum: non quomodo hic mundus dat, ego do vobis. Si diligeretis me, gauderetis quia dixi, vado ad Patrem; quia Pater major me est. Non dixit: Qui me misit, major me est ». Palladius dixit: « Pater major est. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Anathema illi, qui divinis Scripturis addit aliquid, aut minuit. » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Anathema. » [37] Palladius dixit: « Pater major est Filio. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Secundum carnem Filius minor est Patre, secundum divinitatem æqualis est Patri: legi igitur Dei Filium æqualem Patri, sicut jam et prolata exemplaria testantur. Secundum carnem autem quid miraris minorem; cum dixerit se servum, cum dixerit se lapidem, cum dixerit se vermem, cum dixerit se minorem angelis; quia scriptum est: Minorasti eum paulo minus ab angelis ». Palladius dixit: « Impie vos asserentes video: non respondemus vobis sine auditoribus. » Sabinus episcopus dixit: « Nemo requirat ab eo sententiam, qui tam innumeris sententiis blasphemavit. » Palladius dixit: « Non vobis respondemus. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "Or say that according to the divinity the Son of God is less." Palladius said: "The Father is greater." Bishop Ambrose said: "According to the flesh." Palladius said: "'He who sent me is greater than I.' Was it the flesh that was sent by God, or the Son of God?" Bishop Ambrose said: "We prove today that the divine Scriptures are falsified by you; for it is written thus: 'My peace I give you, my peace I leave you. Let not your heart be troubled; not as this world gives do I give to you. If you loved me, you would rejoice because I said, I am going to the Father; for the Father is greater than I.' He did not say, 'He who sent me is greater than I.'" Palladius said: "The Father is greater." Bishop Ambrose said: "Anathema to him who adds anything to the divine Scriptures or takes away from them." All the bishops said: "Anathema." [37] Palladius said: "The Father is greater than the Son." Bishop Ambrose said: "According to the flesh the Son is less than the Father; according to the divinity he is equal to the Father. I have read, then, that the Son of God is equal to the Father, as the copies already produced testify. But according to the flesh, why do you wonder that he is less, when he called himself a servant, when he called himself a stone, when he called himself a worm, when he called himself less than the angels? For it is written: 'You made him a little lower than the angels.'" Palladius said: "I see that you assert impious things; we do not answer you without hearers." Bishop Sabinus said: "Let no one ask his opinion, who has blasphemed in so countless many opinions." Palladius said: "We do not answer you."
John 14:28 (quotation, high confidence) · John 14:27 (quotation, high confidence) · Rev 22:18 (allusion, medium confidence) · Ps 116:16 (115:7 LXX) (allusion, low confidence) · Matt 21:42 (allusion, medium confidence) · Ps 22:6 (21:7 LXX) (allusion, medium confidence) · Ps 8:5 (8:6 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Heb 2:7 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose accuses Palladius of misquoting John 14:28 and explains the Father as greater only according to Christ's flesh.
- Section 37 begins inside this staged section (its number was lost in the digitization) and is marked [37].
- Palladius cites John 14:28 in the form "He who sent me is greater than I"; Ambrose quotes John 14:27–28 to show that the Gospel says "the Father". Ambrose's examples: the servant (Ps 116:16; Isa 49:3), the stone (Matt 21:42), the worm (Ps 22:6), lower than the angels (Ps 8:5; Heb 2:7). Migne's references are removed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): « secundum → secundum; minor est a Filius → minor est Filius; car nem. → carnem.; « Qni me → « Qui me; misit, major eat me (Joan. xiv, 27). → misit, major est me.; di- « vinas → divinas; enim « → enim; « relinquo → relinquo; vobis. b → vobis.; non * → non; diligere « tis → diligeretis; quia « Pater major → quia Pater major; ma- ( jor → major; » (Ibid.). → ».; dixit: i Pater → dixit: « Pater; est. » ' Ambrosius → est. » Ambrosius; Anathema illi, qni « → Anathema illi, qui; Anathema. » 37. c → Anathema. » [37]; « Filius → Filius; Pa)re, → Patre,; divinitatem i → divinitatem; æqualcm « → æqualem; testantur « (Psal. cxv, 16). → testantur.; quid « → quid; servum (Matth. « xxi, d2), → servum,; « vermem (Psal. XII, 7), → vermem,; minorem « → minorem; « minus → minus; » (Psal. VIII, 6). → »..
Topics: Christology, Heresy, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 36 (PL 16:927a–927d; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-36). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-36) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 38
38PL 16:927d–927a
Sabinus episcopus dixit: « Ab omnibus jam damnatus est Palladius: Arii blasphemiae multo minores sunt quam Palladii. » Et cum Palladius surrexisset, atque foras exire voluisset: « Ideo, inquit surrexit Palladius, quoniam apertis Scripturarum testimoniis convincendum esse se cernit, sicut jam convictus est; sic enim lectum est, secundum divinitatem quod aequalis Patri Filius sit. Accipiat autem quia Filius Dei secundum divinitatem majorem non habet. Scriptum est: Abrahæ cum repromisisset Deus... quoniam nullum alium habebat majorem, per quem juraret, juravit per semet ipsum. Vides igitur Scripturam, quia nullum alium majorem habet, per quem juraret. Filius autem est, de quo dicitur quoniam ipse visus est Abrahae; unde et ait: Abraham diem meum vidit, et gavisus est. » Palladius dixit: « Pater major est. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Quando ut Deus locutus est, majorem non habuit: quando ut homo locutus, majorem habuit. »
Bishop Sabinus said: "Palladius has now been condemned by all; the blasphemies of Arius are much smaller than those of Palladius." And when Palladius had risen and wished to go out, he said: "Palladius has risen because he sees that he must be refuted by the plain testimonies of the Scriptures, as he has already been refuted; for it has been read that according to the divinity the Son is equal to the Father. Let him learn, moreover, that according to the divinity the Son of God has no one greater. It is written: 'When God made the promise to Abraham … since he had no one greater by whom to swear, he swore by himself.' You see, then, the Scripture, that he has no one greater by whom to swear. But it is the Son of whom it is said that he appeared to Abraham; hence he also says, 'Abraham saw my day and was glad.'" Palladius said: "The Father is greater." Bishop Eusebius said: "When he spoke as God, he had no one greater; when he spoke as man, he had one greater."
Heb 6:13 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:56 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 18:1 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Sabinus argues from Heb 6:13 and John 8:56 that the Son, who appeared to Abraham, has no one greater according to his divinity.
- Quotations: Heb 6:13; John 8:56 (Migne's references removed). The appearance to Abraham is Gen 18.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): Palladii. Et cum → Palladii. » Et cum; Idco, → « Ideo,; divi nitatem → divinitatem; qnod → quod; ipsum (Hebr.VI, 13). → ipsum.; Abrab:e; → Abrahae;; nit: → ait:; est (Joan. → est.; vin, 56). → »; dixit: c Quando → dixit: « Quando.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 38 (PL 16:927d–927a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-38). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-38) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 39
39PL 16:927a–927b
Palladius dixit: « Pater genuit Filium, Pater misit Filium. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Anathema illi, qui negat Filium secundum divinitatem æqualem Patri. » Omnes episcopi dixerunt: « Anathema. » Palladius dixit: « Filius subjectus Patri, Filius præcepta Patris custodit. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Subjectus secundum carnis rationem. Cæterum et ipse meministi quia legisti: Nemo venit ad me nisi quem Pater attraxerit ». Sabinus episcopus dixit: « Dicat si secundum divinitatem subjectus est Patri, an secundum incarnationem? »
Palladius said: "The Father begot the Son; the Father sent the Son." Bishop Ambrose said: "Anathema to him who denies that the Son according to the divinity is equal to the Father." All the bishops said: "Anathema." Palladius said: "The Son is subject to the Father; the Son keeps the Father's commands." Bishop Ambrose said: "Subject according to the nature of the flesh. Besides, you yourself remember that you have read, 'No one comes to me unless the Father draws him.'" Bishop Sabinus said: "Let him say whether he is subject to the Father according to the divinity, or according to the incarnation."
1 Cor 15:28 (allusion, medium confidence) · John 15:10 (allusion, medium confidence) · John 6:44 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Palladius calls the Son subject to the Father; Ambrose answers that he is subject according to the flesh.
- "Subject": 1 Cor 15:28; "keeps the Father's commands": John 15:10. Quotation: John 6:44 (Migne's reference removed); its point here is unclear in the acts.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): « negat → negat; Pa « tri. → Patri.; dixerunl: → dixerunt:; dixit: v Filius → dixit: « Filius; secun « dum → secundum; meministi « → meministi; at « traxerit → attraxerit; » (Joan. VI, 44). → ».; incarnationcm? t → incarnationem? ».
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 39 (PL 16:927a–927b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-39). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-39) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 40
40PL 16:927b–927d
Palladius dixit: « Ergo Pater major est. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Et alibi scriptum est: Fidelis Deus, per quem vocati estis in communionem Filii ejus. Ego dico Patrem majorem esse secundum carnis assumptionem, quam suscepit Filius Dei, non secundum divinitatem. » Palladius dixit: « Quae enim comparatio est Filii Dei? Et caro potest dicere: Deus me major est! Caro loquebatur, aut divinitas; quia ibi erat caro? » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Caro sine anima non loquitur. Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Deus in carne loquebatur secundum carnem, quando dicebat: Quid me persequimini hominem? Quis hoc dixit? » Palladius dixit: « Filius Dei. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Deus ergo Filius Dei est secundum divinitatem, et homo est secundum carnem. » Palladius dixit: « Carnem suscepit. » Eusebius episcopus dixit: « Ergo humanis verbis usus est. » Palladius dixit: « Carnem humanam suscepit. »
Palladius said: "So the Father is greater." Bishop Ambrose said: "And elsewhere it is written: 'God is faithful, by whom you were called into the fellowship of his Son.' I say that the Father is greater according to the assumption of flesh which the Son of God took up, not according to the divinity." Palladius said: "What comparison is there of the Son of God? Can the flesh also say, 'God is greater than I'? Was it the flesh speaking, or the divinity, since the flesh was there?" Bishop Ambrose said: "Flesh without a soul does not speak." Bishop Eusebius said: "God in the flesh spoke according to the flesh when he said, 'Why do you persecute me, a man?' Who said this?" Palladius said: "The Son of God." Bishop Ambrose said: "So the Son of God is God according to the divinity, and man according to the flesh." Palladius said: "He took flesh." Bishop Eusebius said: "So he used human words." Palladius said: "He took human flesh."
1 Cor 1:9 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:40 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose and Eusebius argue that Christ spoke some things according to his flesh, as man, and others as God.
- Quotations: 1 Cor 1:9; John 8:40 (adapted: "Why do you seek to kill me, a man"); Migne's references are removed. Palladius's questions are obscure in the Latin; translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): est. a Ambrosius → est. » Ambrosius; « est: → est:; esiis → estis; com « munionem → communionem; ejus (I Cor. I, 9). → ejus.; Patrem « → Patrem; assumptionem, « → assumptionem,; divini « tatem. → divinitatem.; « anima → anima; dixit: i Deus → dixit: « Deus; hominem (Joan. VIII, 40)? → hominem?; Deas → Deus; Filius « → Filius; secun « dum → secundum.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 40 (PL 16:927b–927d; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-40). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-40) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.
Chapter 41
41PL 16:927d–929a
Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Dicat quia non secundum divinitatem Apostolus dixit subjectum, sed secundum carnem; scriptum est enim; Humiliavit semetipsum factus obediens usque ad mortem. In quo ergo mortem gustavit? » Palladius dixit: « Quia se humiliavit. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Non divinitas, sed caro humiliata est atque subjecta. » Et addidit: « Creaturam perfectam bene dixit Arius, an male dixit? » Palladius dixit: « Ego tibi non respondeo auctoritatem non habenti. » Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Profitere quod vis? » Palladius dixit: « Non respondeo vobis. »
Bishop Ambrose said: "Let him say that the Apostle called him subject not according to the divinity but according to the flesh; for it is written: 'He humbled himself, becoming obedient unto death.' In what, then, did he taste death?" Palladius said: "Because he humbled himself." Bishop Ambrose said: "Not the divinity, but the flesh was humbled and made subject." And he added: "Did Arius speak rightly or wrongly in calling him a perfect creature?" Palladius said: "I do not answer you, who have no authority." Bishop Ambrose said: "Will you profess what you will?" Palladius said: "I do not answer you."
Phil 2:8 (quotation, high confidence) · Heb 2:9 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose explains Phil 2:8 of the flesh and asks whether Arius was right to call the Son a perfect creature; Palladius refuses to answer.
- Quotation: Phil 2:8 (Migne's reference removed). "A perfect creature": Arius's letter to Alexander calls the Son "a perfect creature of God, but not as one of the creatures".
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR debris or slip in the digital text (line-start quotation marks, note letters, broken words, misread letters)): « secundum → secundum; divinilalem → divinitatem; Apostolus d → Apostolus; subjectum, « → subjectum,; Hu « miliavit → Humiliavit; actus → factus; mor « tem (Philip. II, 8). → mortem.; « caro → caro; « dixit? → dixit?; auctori « tatem → auctoritatem.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Conc. Aquil. 41 (PL 16:927d–929a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/council-aquileia-381/1/#p-41). (abbreviation not yet checked)
BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-council-aquileia-381-41) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin (PL 16; noisy OCR, unreadable passages marked …); no public-domain English exists, so the translation was re-read against the Latin.