Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.33.1–7.39.18
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 7, chapter 33
7.33.1CSEL 5:515–516
Anno ab Vrbe condita MCXXVIII Valens tricesimus nonus imperium quattuor annis Valentiniano mortuo tenuit, cui soli, cum impie ageret, potuisset erubescere. ilico uelut effrenata libertatis audacia legem dedit, ut monachi, hoc est Christiani qui ad unum fidei opus dimissa saecularium rerum multimoda actione se redigunt, ad militiam cogerentur.
In the 1128th year from the founding of the City, Valens, thirty-ninth, held the empire for four years after Valentinian died, before whom alone he could have blushed when he acted impiously. At once, as with the unbridled boldness of license, he made a law that monks, that is, Christians who, having given up the manifold business of worldly affairs, devote themselves to the one work of faith, should be forced into military service.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valens conscripts the monks.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Anno ab Yrbe → Anno ab Vrbe.
Topics: Persecution, Monastic life
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.1 (CSEL 5:515–516; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.2CSEL 5:516
uastas illas tunc Aegypti solitudines harenasque diffusas, quas propter sitim ac sterilitatem periculosissimamque serpentum abundantiam conuersatio humana non nosset, magna habitantium monachorum multitudo compleuerat.
A great multitude of monks dwelling there had then filled those vast deserts of Egypt and widespread sands, which, because of thirst and barrenness and a most dangerous abundance of serpents, human society had not known.
Notes and citation
Summary: The monks of the Egyptian desert.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): periculesissimamque → periculosissimamque; connersatio → conuersatio.
Topics: Monastic life
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.2 (CSEL 5:516; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.3CSEL 5:516
huc tribuni et milites missi, qui sanctos ac ueros milites Dei alio nomine persecutionis abstraherent. interfecta sunt ibi agmina multa sanctorum.
Here tribunes and soldiers were sent to drag away the holy and true soldiers of God under another name of persecution. Many companies of saints were killed there.
Notes and citation
Summary: Monks are killed in Egypt.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): hnc tribuni → huc tribuni.
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom, Monastic life
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.3 (CSEL 5:516; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.4CSEL 5:516
quae autem per diuersas ubique prouincias his similibusque iussis aduersus ecclesias catholicas et rectae fidei populos gesta sint, satis significatum ipsa reticendi electione sufficiat.
What was done against the catholic churches and the peoples of right faith everywhere throughout the various provinces by these and similar orders, let the very choice of keeping silent suffice to indicate well enough.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius passes over the other persecutions of Valens.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.4 (CSEL 5:516; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.5CSEL 5:516
Interea in Africae partibus Firmus sese excitatis Maurorum gentibus regem constituens Africam Mauretaniamque uastauit; Caesaream urbem nobilissimam Mauretaniae dolo captam, deinde caedibus incendiisque conpletam barbaris in praedam dedit.
Meanwhile in the parts of Africa Firmus, rousing the peoples of the Moors and setting himself up as king, laid waste Africa and Mauretania; he took Caesarea, the most famous city of Mauretania, by treachery, then, having filled it with slaughter and fire, gave it to the barbarians as booty.
Notes and citation
Summary: Firmus's revolt in Africa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.5 (CSEL 5:516; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.6CSEL 5:516–517
igitur comes Theodosius, Theodosii qui post imperio praefuit pater, a Valentiniano missus effusas Maurorum gentes multis proeliis fregit, ipsum Firmum afflictum et oppressum coegit ad mortem.
So Count Theodosius, father of the Theodosius who afterward ruled the empire, sent by Valentinian, broke the widespread peoples of the Moors in many battles and drove Firmus himself, afflicted and crushed, to death.
Notes and citation
Summary: Count Theodosius defeats Firmus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.6 (CSEL 5:516–517; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.7CSEL 5:517
post cum experientissima prouidentia totam cum Mauretania Africam meliorem pristinis reddidisset, instimulante et obrepente inuidia iussus interfici, apud Carthaginem baptizari in remissionem peccatorum praeoptauit ac postquam sacramentum Christi quod quaesierat adsecutus est, post gloriosam saeculi uitam etiam de uitae aeternitate securus percussori iugulum ultro praebuit.
Afterward, when with most experienced foresight he had made all Africa with Mauretania better than before, ordered to be killed as envy goaded and crept in, he chose to be baptized at Carthage for the remission of sins; and after he had obtained the sacrament of Christ which he had sought, after a glorious life in the world, secure too of the eternity of life, he offered his neck to the executioner of his own accord.
Acts 2:38 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Count Theodosius is baptized and executed.
- “For the remission of sins”: compare Acts 2:38.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): post. gloriosam → post gloriosam.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.7 (CSEL 5:517; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.8CSEL 5:517
Gratianus interea imperator admodum iuuenis cum inaestimabilem multitudinem hostium Romanis infusam finibus cerneret, fretus Christi potentia, longe inpari militum numero sese in hostem dedit et continuo apud Argentariam, oppidum Galliarum, formidulosissimum bellum incredibili felicitate confecit. nam plus quam triginta milia Alamannorum minimo Romanorum detrimento in eo proelio interfecta narrantur.
Gratian meanwhile, the emperor, still quite young, when he saw an inestimable multitude of enemies poured into the Roman territories, relying on the power of Christ, threw himself on the enemy with a far unequal number of soldiers and at once at Argentaria, a town of the Gauls, finished a most fearsome war with incredible success. For more than thirty thousand Alamanni are said to have been killed in that battle with very little loss to the Romans.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gratian defeats the Alamanni.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Qratianus interea → Gratianus interea; inaeatimabilem → inaestimabilem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.8 (CSEL 5:517; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.9CSEL 5:517–518
Tertio decimo autem anno imperii Valentis, hoc est paruo tempore postea quam Valens per totum Orientem ecclesiarum lacerationes sanctorumque caedes egerat, radix illa miseriarum nostrarum copiosissimas simul frutices germinauit.
In the thirteenth year of Valens's rule, that is, a short time after Valens had carried out the tearing of churches and slaughters of saints throughout the whole East, that root of our miseries sprouted very abundant shoots all at once.
Notes and citation
Summary: The root of present miseries sprouts.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.9 (CSEL 5:517–518; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.10CSEL 5:518
siquidem gens Hunorum, diu inaccessis seclusa montibus, repentina rabie percita exarsit in Gothos eosque passim conturbatos ab antiquis sedibus expulit. Gothi transito Danuuio fugientes, a Valente sine ulla foederis pactione suscepti ne arma quidem, quo tutius barbaris crederetur, tradidere Romanis.
For the people of the Huns, long shut away by inaccessible mountains, roused by sudden rage, blazed out against the Goths and drove them, thrown into confusion everywhere, from their ancient dwellings. The Goths, crossing the Danube in flight, were received by Valens without any treaty agreement and did not even hand over their arms to the Romans, so that the barbarians might be trusted more safely.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Huns drive the Goths into the empire.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.10 (CSEL 5:518; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.11CSEL 5:518
deinde propter intolerabilem auaritiam Maximi ducis fame et iniuriis adacti in arma surgentes, uicto Valentis exercitu per Thraciam sese, miscentes simul omnia caedibus incendiis rapinisque, fuderunt.
Then, driven by hunger and wrongs because of the intolerable greed of the general Maximus, they rose in arms, defeated Valens's army, and poured themselves through Thrace, confounding everything at once with slaughter, burning, and plunder.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Goths revolt.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark): intolerabilem | auaritiam → intolerabilem auaritiam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.11 (CSEL 5:518; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.12CSEL 5:518–519
Valens egressus de Antiochia cum ultima infelicis belli sorte traheretur, sera peccati maximi paenitentia stimulatus episcopos ceterosque sanctos reuocari de exiliis imperauit.
Valens, setting out from Antioch, when he was being dragged to the last lot of an unhappy war, spurred by a late repentance for his very great sin, ordered the bishops and the other saints to be recalled from exile.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valens recalls the exiled bishops.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray periods): paenitentia. stimulatus. → paenitentia stimulatus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.12 (CSEL 5:518–519; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.13CSEL 5:519
Itaque quinto decimo imperii sui anno lacrimabile illud bellum in Thracia cum Gothis iam tunc exercitatione uirium rerumque abundantia instructissimis gessit. ubi primo statim impetu Gothorum perturbatae Romanorum equitum turmae nuda peditum deseruere praesidia.
So in the fifteenth year of his rule he waged that lamentable war in Thrace with the Goths, already then most well equipped by practice of strength and abundance of things. There, at the very first charge of the Goths, the squadrons of Roman cavalry, thrown into confusion, deserted the infantry, leaving it bare.
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle of Adrianople begins.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.13 (CSEL 5:519; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.14CSEL 5:519
mox legiones peditum undique equitatu hostium cinctae ac primum nubibus sagittarum obrutae, deinde, cum amentes metu sparsim per deuia cogerentur, funditus caesae gladiis insequentum contisque perierunt.
Soon the legions of infantry, surrounded on all sides by the enemy's cavalry and first overwhelmed by clouds of arrows, then, when, out of their minds with fear, they were driven scattered through trackless places, were utterly cut down by the swords and lances of their pursuers and perished.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Roman infantry is destroyed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.14 (CSEL 5:519; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.15CSEL 5:519–520
ipse imperator cum sagitta saucius uersusque in fugam aegre in cuiusdam uillulae casam deportatus lateret, ab insequentibus hostibus deprehensus, subiecto igne consumptus est et, quo magis testimonium punitionis eius et diuinae indignationis terribili posteris esset exemplo, etiam communi caruit sepultura.
The emperor himself, wounded by an arrow and turned to flight, when he had been carried with difficulty to the hut of a certain small villa and was hiding there, was caught by the pursuing enemy, consumed by fire set beneath, and, so that the testimony of his punishment and of divine indignation might be the more a terrible example to posterity, he lacked even common burial.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valens burns to death.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sagitta sauoius → sagitta saucius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.15 (CSEL 5:519–520; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.16CSEL 5:520
Consoletur se, sed in hoc solo, peruicacia miseriaque gentilium, quia temporibus et regibus Christianis tantae simul congestae clades pressam reipublicae onerauere ceruicem: euersae prouinciae, deletus exercitus, imperator incensus. magnum reuera hoc est ad nostrum dolorem magisque miserum quo magis nouum.
Let the obstinacy and misery of the gentiles console itself, but in this alone, that in Christian times and under Christian kings such great disasters heaped together at once burdened the pressed neck of the commonwealth: provinces overthrown, an army destroyed, an emperor burned. This is truly great for our grief, and the more wretched the more new it is.
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans' only consolation.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Consoletnr → Consoletur.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.16 (CSEL 5:520; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.17CSEL 5:520
sed quid hoc ad consolationem proficit paganorum, qui palam peruident et in his quoque persecutorem ecclesiarum fuisse punitum? unus Deus unam fidem tradidit, unam ecclesiam toto Orbe diffudit: hanc aspicit, hanc diligit, hanc defendit; quolibet se quisquis nomine tegat, si huic non sociatur, alienus, si hanc inpugnat, inimicus est.
But what does this help the consolation of the pagans, who plainly see that in these things too a persecutor of the churches was punished? One God handed down one faith and spread one church through the whole world: this he looks upon, this he loves, this he defends; under whatever name anyone covers himself, if he is not joined to her he is a stranger, if he attacks her he is an enemy.
Eph 4:5–6 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: One God, one faith, one church.
- Compare Eph 4:5–6.
Topics: Heresy, The church
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.17 (CSEL 5:520; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.18CSEL 5:520
consolentur se gentiles, in quantum uolunt, Iudaeorum haereticorumque suppliciis, tantum et unum Deum esse et eundem personarum acceptorem non esse uel ex hac potissimum Valentis extincti probatione fateantur.
Let the gentiles console themselves, as much as they wish, with the punishments of Jews and heretics; only let them confess, from this proof above all of the death of Valens, both that God is one and that he is no respecter of persons.
Acts 10:34 (allusion, high confidence) · Rom 2:11 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God is no respecter of persons.
- Compare Acts 10:34; Rom 2:11.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.18 (CSEL 5:520; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.33.19CSEL 5:520–521
Gothi antea per legatos supplices poposcerunt, ut illis episcopi, a quibus regulam Christianae fidei discerent, mitterentur. Valens imperator exitiabili prauitate doctores Arriani dogmatis misit. Gothi primae fidei rudimento quod accepere tenuerunt. itaque iusto iudicio Dei ipsi eum uiuum incenderunt, qui propter eum etiam mortui uitio erroris arsuri sunt.
The Goths had earlier asked as suppliants through envoys that bishops be sent to them, from whom they might learn the rule of Christian faith. The emperor Valens, with deadly perversity, sent teachers of the Arian doctrine. The Goths kept what they had received as the first rudiment of faith. So by the just judgment of God they themselves burned him alive, who because of him will burn even when dead for the fault of error.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valens made the Goths Arians and was burned by them.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.33.19 (CSEL 5:520–521; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-33-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 34
7.34.1CSEL 5:521
Anno ab Vrbe condita MCXXXII Gratianus quadragesimus ab Augusto post mortem Valentis sex annis imperium tenuit, quamuis iamdudum antea cum patruo Valente et cum Valentiniano fratre regnaret.
In the 1132nd year from the founding of the City, Gratian, fortieth from Augustus, held the empire six years after the death of Valens, although he had long before been reigning with his uncle Valens and with his brother Valentinian.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gratian's sole rule.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; words joined in the digital text): Anno abVrbe → Anno ab Vrbe; quainuis → quamuis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.34.1 (CSEL 5:521; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.34.2CSEL 5:521
qui cum acum ac paene conlapsum reipublicae statum uideret, eadem prouisione, qua quondam legerat Nerua Hispanum uirum Traianum, per quem respublica reparata est, legit et ipse Theodosium aeque Hispanum uirum et restituendae reipublicae necessitate apud Sirmium purpura induit Orientisque et Thraciae simul praefecit imperio,
He, when he saw the state of the commonwealth afflicted and almost collapsed, with the same foresight with which Nerva had once chosen the Spaniard Trajan, through whom the commonwealth was restored, himself also chose Theodosius, likewise a Spaniard, and, for the need of restoring the commonwealth, clothed him with the purple at Sirmium and set him over the empire of the East and Thrace together,
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gratian chooses Theodosius.
- “acum” as printed is corrupt (perhaps for “afflictum”); translated by sense.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.34.2 (CSEL 5:521; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.34.3CSEL 5:521–522
in hoc perfectiore iudicio, quia, cum in omnibus humanae uitae uirtutibus iste par fuerit, in fidei sacramento religionisque cultu sine ulla comparatione praecessit; siquidem ille persecutor, hic propagator Ecclesiae.
in this with the more perfect judgment, that, while this man was equal to Trajan in all the virtues of human life, in the sacrament of faith and the worship of religion he surpassed him beyond all comparison; for that one was a persecutor, this one a propagator of the church.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius surpasses Trajan in faith.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.34.3 (CSEL 5:521–522; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.34.4CSEL 5:522
ita illi ne unus quidem proprius filius, quo successore gauderet, indultus est; huius autem Orienti simul atque Occidenti per succiduas usque ad nunc generationes gloriosa propago dominatur.
So to that one not even one son of his own was granted, in whom he might rejoice as successor; while this man's glorious offspring rules East and West together through successive generations down to now.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius's dynasty.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip and misplaced full stop): proprios filius, quo successore gauderet. indultus → proprius filius, quo successore gauderet, indultus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.34.4 (CSEL 5:522; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.34.5CSEL 5:522–523
itaque Theodosius adflictam rempublicam ira Dei reparandam credidit misericordia Dei; omnem fiduciam sui ad opem Christi conferens maximas illas Scythicas gentes formidatasque cunctis maioribus, Alexandro quoque illi Magno, sicut Pompeius Corneliusque testati sunt, euitatas, nunc autem extincto Romano exercitu Romanis equis annisque instructissimas, hoc est Alanos Hunos et Gothos, incunctanter adgressus magnis multisque proeliis uicit.
So Theodosius believed that the commonwealth, afflicted by the wrath of God, must be restored by the mercy of God; placing all his trust in the help of Christ, he attacked without hesitation those very great Scythian peoples, feared by all the ancestors, avoided even by the famous Alexander the Great, as Pompeius and Cornelius have testified, but now, with the Roman army destroyed, most fully equipped with Roman horses and arms, that is, the Alans, Huns, and Goths, and conquered them in great and many battles.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius defeats the Goths, Alans and Huns.
- Pompeius Trogus (through Justin's Epitome) and Tacitus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.34.5 (CSEL 5:522–523; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.34.6CSEL 5:523
urbem Constantinopolim uictor intrauit et ne paruam ipsam Romani exercitus manum adsidue bellando detereret, foedus cum Athanarico Gothorum rege percussit.
He entered the city of Constantinople as victor and, lest he wear down the small band of the Roman army by constant fighting, made a treaty with Athanaric, king of the Goths.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius's treaty with Athanaric.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Athanarioo → Athanarico.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.34.6 (CSEL 5:523; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.34.7CSEL 5:523
Athanaricus autem continuo ut Constantinopolim uenit, diem obiit. uniuersae Gothorum gentes rege defuncto aspicientes uirtutem benignitatemque Theodosii Romano sese imperio dediderunt.
Athanaric, however, died as soon as he came to Constantinople. All the peoples of the Goths, their king dead, beholding the courage and kindness of Theodosius, surrendered themselves to the Roman empire.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Goths submit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.34.7 (CSEL 5:523; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.34.8CSEL 5:523–524
in isdem etiam diebus Persae, qui Iuliano interfecto aliisque imperatoribus saepe uictis, nunc etiam Valente in fugam acto recentissimae uictoriae satietatem cruda insultatione ructabant, ultro Constantinopolim ad Theodosium misere legatos pacemque supplices poposcerunt; ictumque tunc foedus est, quo uniuersus Oriens usque ad nunc tranquillissime fruitur.
In those same days too the Persians, who, after Julian had been killed and other emperors often defeated, and now with Valens put to flight, were belching out with crude insult their satiety of very recent victory, of their own accord sent envoys to Theodosius at Constantinople and begged for peace as suppliants; and a treaty was then struck which the whole East enjoys most peacefully down to now.
Notes and citation
Summary: Peace with Persia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): saepe uietis → saepe uictis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.34.8 (CSEL 5:523–524; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.34.9CSEL 5:524
interea cum Theodosius in Oriente subactis barbarorum gentibus Thracias tandem ab hoste liberas reddidisset et Arcadium filium suum consortem fecisset imperii, Maximus, uir quidem strenuus et probus atque Augusto dignus nisi contra sacramenti fidem per tyrannidem emersisset, in Britannia inuitus propemodum ab exercitu imperator creatus in Galliam transiit:
Meanwhile, when Theodosius in the East, having subdued the barbarian peoples, had at last made the Thraces free of the enemy and had made his son Arcadius partner of the empire, Maximus, a man indeed vigorous and upright and worthy of being Augustus had he not risen through tyranny against the faith of his oath, was created emperor in Britain by the army, almost against his will, and crossed into Gaul:
Notes and citation
Summary: Maximus usurps in Britain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.34.9 (CSEL 5:524; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.34.10CSEL 5:524–525
ubi Gratianum Augustum subita incursione perterritum atque in Italiam transire meditantem dolis circumuentum interfecit fratremque eius Valentinianum Augustum Italia expulit. Valentinianus in Orientem refugiens a Theodosio paterna pietate susceptus, mox etiam imperio restitutus est.
there he surrounded by treachery and killed Gratian Augustus, terrified by the sudden incursion and planning to cross into Italy, and drove his brother Valentinian Augustus out of Italy. Valentinian, fleeing to the East, was received by Theodosius with fatherly piety and soon was even restored to the empire.
Notes and citation
Summary: Maximus kills Gratian.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): dolis oircumuentum → dolis circumuentum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.34.10 (CSEL 5:524–525; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-34-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 35
7.35.1CSEL 5:525
Anno ab Vrbe condita MCXXXVIII Theodosius quadragesimus primus interfecto per Maximum Gratiano imperium Romani orbis obtinuit mansitque in eo annis undecim, cum iam in Orientis partibus sex annis Gratiano uiuente regnasset.
In the 1138th year from the founding of the City, Theodosius, forty-first, after Gratian had been killed by Maximus, obtained the empire of the Roman world and remained in it eleven years, having already reigned six years in the parts of the East while Gratian was alive.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius's reign.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): condita Mcxxxvm → condita MCXXXVIII; cam iam in → cum iam in.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.1 (CSEL 5:525; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.2CSEL 5:525
itaque iustis necessariisque causis ad bellum ciuile permotus, cum e duobus Augustis fratribus et ultionem unius interfecti sanguis exigeret et restitutionem miseria alterius exulantis oraret, posuit in Deo spem suam seseque aduersus Maximum tyrannum sola fide maior — nam longe minor uniuersa apparatus bellici conparatione — proripuit.
So, moved to civil war by just and necessary causes, since, of the two Augustus brothers, the blood of the one killed demanded vengeance and the misery of the other in exile begged for restoration, he placed his hope in God and rushed out against the tyrant Maximus, greater by faith alone (for he was far less in all comparison of military equipment).
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius marches against Maximus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.2 (CSEL 5:525; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.3CSEL 5:525–526
Aquileiae tunc Maximus uictoriae suae spectator insederat. Andragathius comes eius summam belli administrabat: qui cum largissimis militum copiis ipsamque magnarum copiarum fortitudinem praecellente consilio omnes incredibiliter Alpium ac fluminum aditus communisset, ineffabili iudicio Dei, dum nauali expeditione incautum hostem praeuenire et obruere parat, sponte eadem quae obstruxerat claustra deseruit.
Maximus was then sitting at Aquileia as spectator of his own victory. His count Andragathius was directing the whole war; he, when with very large forces of soldiers and with counsel surpassing the very strength of great forces he had fortified all the approaches of the Alps and the rivers incredibly, by an ineffable judgment of God, while he was preparing to forestall and overwhelm the enemy off guard by a naval expedition, of his own accord abandoned the very barriers he had built.
Notes and citation
Summary: Andragathius abandons his defenses.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Aquileiae tunc Maximns → Aquileiae tunc Maximus; ineffabili indicio Dei → ineffabili iudicio Dei.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.3 (CSEL 5:525–526; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.4CSEL 5:526
ita Theodosius nemine sentiente, ut non dicam repugnante, uacuas transmisit Alpes atque Aquileiam inprouisus adueniens hostem illum magnum, Maximum, trucem et ab inmanissimis quoque Germanorum gentibus tributa ac stipendia solo terrore nominis exigentem, sine dolo et sine controuersia clausit cepit occidit.
So Theodosius, with no one perceiving, not to say resisting, crossed the empty Alps and, arriving unexpectedly at Aquileia, without guile and without dispute shut in, captured, and killed that great enemy Maximus, fierce, and exacting tributes and payments even from the most savage peoples of the Germans by the terror of his name alone.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius captures and kills Maximus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.4 (CSEL 5:526; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.5CSEL 5:526
Valentinianus recepto Italiae potitus imperio est. Andragathius comes cognita Maximi nece praecipitem sese e naui in undas dedit ac suffocatus est. Theodosius incruentam uictoriam Deo procurante suscepit.
Valentinian, having recovered Italy, gained the empire. Count Andragathius, learning of Maximus's death, threw himself headlong from his ship into the waves and was drowned. Theodosius received a bloodless victory, God providing it.
Notes and citation
Summary: A bloodless victory.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.5 (CSEL 5:526; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.6CSEL 5:526
Ecce regibus et temporibus Christianis qualiter bella ciuilia, cum uitari nequeunt, transiguntur. ad uictoriam peruentum est, inrupta est ciuitas, correptus tyrannus. et hoc parum est. ecce parte alia uictus hostilis exercitus atque ipso tyranno truculentior comes tyranni ad mortem coactus, tantae dissolutae elusaeque insidiae, tanti apparatus exinaniti sunt:
See how, under Christian kings and in Christian times, civil wars, when they cannot be avoided, are carried through. Victory was reached, the city broken into, the tyrant seized. And this is little. See, in another quarter an enemy army defeated and the tyrant's count, more savage than the tyrant himself, driven to death, such great plots undone and mocked, such great preparations emptied:
Notes and citation
Summary: How civil war is fought in Christian times.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (misplaced full stop): bella ciuilia. cum → bella ciuilia, cum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.6 (CSEL 5:526; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.7CSEL 5:526–527
et tamen nullus dolos struxit, nullus aciem disposuit, postremo nullus, si dici licet, gladium de uagina extulit. formidulosissimum bellum sine sanguine usque ad uictoriam et in uictoria duorum morte confectum est.
and yet no one laid traps, no one drew up a battle line, finally no one, if one may say so, drew a sword from its sheath. A most fearsome war was finished without blood, up to the victory and in the victory, by the death of two men.
Notes and citation
Summary: A war ended by two deaths.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.7 (CSEL 5:526–527; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.8CSEL 5:527
et, ne hoc quisquam casu factum putet, quo magis potentia Dei, qua et dispensantur et iudicantur uniuersa, propalato sui testimonio declarata obstrepentium mentes uel ad confusionem uel ad fidem cogat, dico rem et ignotam omnibus et omnibus notam:
And lest anyone think this happened by chance, so that the power of God, by which all things are both dispensed and judged, declared by open testimony of itself, may force the minds of those who make noise either to confusion or to faith, I say a thing both unknown to all and known to all:
Notes and citation
Summary: It was not chance.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.8 (CSEL 5:527; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.9CSEL 5:527
post hoc bellum, quo Maximus interfectus est, multa utique, sicut omnes recognoscimus, Theodosium filiumque eius Honorium usque ad nunc et externa bella et ciuilia consecuta sunt, et tamen omnia paene usque in hodiernum diem et quidem cum fructu simplicis sanctaeque uictoriae uel nullo uel minimo sanguine quieuerunt.
after this war, in which Maximus was killed, many wars, as we all recognize, both foreign and civil, have followed Theodosius and his son Honorius down to now, and yet almost all of them, down to the present day, have been quieted, and indeed with the fruit of a simple and holy victory, with no or very little blood.
Notes and citation
Summary: Later wars too have been nearly bloodless.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sanctaeque uiotoriae → sanctaeque uictoriae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.9 (CSEL 5:527; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.10CSEL 5:527–528
Igitur Valentinianus iunior regno restitutus extincto Maximo eiusque filio Victore, quem imperatorem Gallis Maximus reliquerat, ipse in Galliam transiit: ubi cum tranquilla republica in pace ageret, apud Viennam dolo Arbogastis comitis sui, ut ferunt, strangulatus atque, ut uoluntariam sibi consciuisse
So the younger Valentinian, restored to his realm after Maximus and his son Victor, whom Maximus had left as emperor for the Gauls, had been destroyed, himself crossed into Gaul: there, while he was living in peace with the commonwealth tranquil, he was strangled at Vienne by the treachery of his count Arbogast, as they say, and, so that he might be thought to have brought on himself a voluntary
Notes and citation
Summary: Valentinian II is murdered at Vienne.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Igitur Yalentinianus → Igitur Valentinianus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.10 (CSEL 5:527–528; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.11CSEL 5:528
mortem putaretur, laqueo suspensus est. mortuo Valentiniano Augusto Arbogastes Eugenium tyrannum mox creare ausus est legitque hominem, cui titulum imperatoris inponeret; ipse acturus imperium uir barbarus, animo consilio manu audacia potentiaque nimius, contraxit undique innumeras inuictasque copias, uel Romanorum praesidiis uel auxiliis barbarorum alibi potestate alibi cognatione subnixus.
death, he was hung with a noose. When Valentinian Augustus was dead, Arbogast soon dared to create the tyrant Eugenius, and chose a man on whom to put the title of emperor, he himself, a barbarian man, intending to wield the power; excessive in spirit, counsel, hand, daring, and power, he gathered from everywhere countless and unconquered forces, relying here on power, there on kinship, whether with Roman garrisons or barbarian auxiliaries.
Notes and citation
Summary: Arbogast sets up Eugenius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (misplaced full stop and digitization slip; missing full stop): laqueo suspensus est mortuo → laqueo suspensus est. mortuo; uir barbarus. animo consilio mann → uir barbarus, animo consilio manu.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.11 (CSEL 5:528; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.12CSEL 5:528–529
historiam notam etiam oculis plurimorum, quam melius qui spectauere nouerunt, dilatari uerbis non opus est. potentia Dei non fiducia hominis uictorem semper extitisse Theodosium, Arbogastes iste praecipuum in utroque documentum est. qui et tunc, cum Theodosio paruit, tantis instructum praesidiis Maximum ipse minimus cepit et nunc, cum aduersus eundem Theodosium collectis Gallorum Francorumque uiribus exundauit, nixus etiam praecipuo cultu idolorum, magna tamen facilitate succubuit.
A history known even to the eyes of very many, which those who watched it know better, need not be spread out in words. That Theodosius always came out victor by the power of God, not by trust in man, this Arbogast is a chief proof in both cases: he both, when he obeyed Theodosius, himself very small, captured Maximus, equipped with such great forces, and now, when he overflowed against the same Theodosius with the gathered strength of the Gauls and Franks, relying also on a special worship of idols, nevertheless succumbed with great ease.
Notes and citation
Summary: Arbogast's two wars prove God's power.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; missing full stop): dilatari uerbis non opus est potentia → dilatari uerbis non opus est. potentia; praecipuo culto idolorum → praecipuo cultu idolorum.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.12 (CSEL 5:528–529; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.13CSEL 5:529
Eugenius atque Arbogastes instructas acies campis expedierant, arta Alpium latera atque ineuitabiles transitus praemissis callide insidiis occuparant, etiamsi numero ac uiribus inpares forent, sola tamen belli dispositione uictores.
Eugenius and Arbogast had deployed their battle lines in the plains, had cunningly sent ambushes ahead and occupied the narrow sides of the Alps and the unavoidable passes, so that even if they were unequal in number and strength, they were victors by the disposition of the war alone.
Notes and citation
Summary: Eugenius and Arbogast hold the Alpine passes.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Engenius → Eugenius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.13 (CSEL 5:529; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.14CSEL 5:529
at uero Theodosius in summis Alpibus constitutus expers cibi ac somni, sciens quod destitutus suis, nesciens quod clausus alienis, Dominum Christum solus solum, qui posset omnia, corpore humi fusus, mente caelo fixus orabat.
But Theodosius, stationed on the heights of the Alps, without food or sleep, knowing that he was abandoned by his own, not knowing that he was shut in by others, prayed alone to the Lord Christ alone, who could do all things, his body stretched on the ground, his mind fixed on heaven.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius prays on the Alps.
Topics: Prayer
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.14 (CSEL 5:529; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.15CSEL 5:529–530
dehinc postquam insomnem noctem precum continuatione transegit et testes propemodum quas in pretium praesidii caelestis adpenderat lacrimarum lacunas reliquit, fiducialiter arma corripuit solus, sciens se esse non solum. signo crucis signum proelio dedit ac se in bellum, etiamsi nemo sequeretur, uictor futurus, inmisit.
Then, after he had spent a sleepless night in continuous prayers and left pools of tears almost as witnesses, which he had paid out as the price of heavenly protection, he confidently took up arms alone, knowing that he was not alone. With the sign of the cross he gave the signal for battle and threw himself into the war, even if no one should follow, to be victor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius advances under the sign of the cross.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nictor futurus → uictor futurus.
Topics: Prayer, The sign of the cross
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.15 (CSEL 5:529–530; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.16CSEL 5:530
prima salutis uia extitit Arbitio, hostilium partium comes: qui cum ignarum imperatorem circumpositis excepisset insidiis, conuersus ad reuerentiam praesentis Augusti, non solum periculo liberauit uerum etiam instruxit auxilio.
The first way of safety was Arbitio, a count of the enemy side: when he had caught the unsuspecting emperor in ambushes set around him, turned to reverence for the Augustus before him, he not only freed him from danger but also furnished him with help.
Notes and citation
Summary: Arbitio changes sides.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): prima salntis nia → prima salutis uia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.16 (CSEL 5:530; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.17CSEL 5:530
at ubi ad contigua miscendae pugnae spatia peruentum est, continuo magnus ille et ineffabilis turbo uentorum in ora hostium ruit. ferebantur per aera spicula missa nostrorum atque ultra mensuram humani iactus per magnum inane portata nusquam propemodum cadere, priusquam inpingerent, sinebantur.
But when they came to the close spaces for joining battle, at once that great and ineffable whirlwind of winds rushed into the faces of the enemy. The javelins thrown by our men were carried through the air and, borne beyond the measure of human throwing through the great void, were hardly allowed to fall anywhere before they struck.
Notes and citation
Summary: The wind carries the Roman missiles.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.17 (CSEL 5:530; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.18CSEL 5:530–531
porro autem turbo continuus ora pectoraque hostium nunc inlisis grauiter scutis euerberabat, nunc inpressis pertinaciter obstructa claudebat, nunc auulsis uiolenter destituta nudabat, nunc oppositis iugiter in terga trudebat; tela etiam, quae ipsi uehementer intorserant, excepta uenti impetu supinato ac retrorsum coacta ipsos infeliciter configebant.
Moreover, the continuous whirlwind now beat the faces and breasts of the enemy with their shields dashed heavily against them, now, pressing them stubbornly, shut them closed, now, tearing them violently away, left them bare and exposed, now, pushing against them continually, drove them back; even the missiles which they themselves had hurled vehemently, caught by the force of the wind, turned back and forced backward, pierced them unhappily.
Notes and citation
Summary: The wind turns the enemy's missiles back.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): inpreesis → inpressis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.18 (CSEL 5:530–531; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.19CSEL 5:531
prospexit sibi humanae conscientiae pauor, nam continuo sese parua suorum manu fusa uictori Theodosio hostilis prostrauit exercitus; Eugenius captus atque interfectus est; Arbogastes sua se manu perculit. ita et hic duorum sanguine bellum ciuile restinctum est, absque illis decem milibus Gothorum, quos praemissos a Theodosio Arbogastes delesse funditus fertur: quos utique perdidisse lucrum et uinci uincere fuit.
The fear of human conscience looked out for itself, for at once the enemy army, when a small band of its own had been routed, threw itself down before the victor Theodosius; Eugenius was captured and killed; Arbogast struck himself with his own hand. So here too a civil war was put out by the blood of two men, apart from those ten thousand Goths, sent ahead by Theodosius, whom Arbogast is said to have destroyed utterly: to have lost them was surely a gain, and to be defeated, a victory.
Notes and citation
Summary: Eugenius is killed; Arbogast kills himself.
- The loss of the Gothic federates is a gain in Orosius's view.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.19 (CSEL 5:531; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.20CSEL 5:531
non insulto obtrectatoribus nostris. unum aliquod ab initio Vrbis conditae bellum proferant tam pia necessitate susceptum, tam diuina felicitate confectum, tam clementi benignitate sopitum, ubi nec pugna grauem caedem nec uictoria cruentam exegerit ultionem, et fortasse concedam, ut non haec fidei Christiani ducis concessa uideantur;
I do not insult our detractors. Let them bring forward any one war from the founding of the City undertaken by so pious a necessity, finished with such divine success, laid to rest with such merciful kindness, where neither the battle exacted heavy slaughter nor the victory a bloody vengeance, and perhaps I will concede that these things do not seem to have been granted to the faith of a Christian leader;
Notes and citation
Summary: No pagan war compares.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): obtreotatoribus → obtrectatoribus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.20 (CSEL 5:531; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.21CSEL 5:531–532
quamuis ego hoc testimonio non laborem, quando unus ex ipsis, poeta quidem eximius sed paganus peruicacissimus, huiusmodi uersibus et Deo et homini testimonium tulit, quibus ait: O nimium dilecte Deo! tibi militat aether, Et coniurati ueniunt ad classica uenti.
although I do not labor for this testimony, since one of themselves, a poet indeed outstanding but a most obstinate pagan, bore testimony to both God and man in verses of this kind, where he says: “O much beloved of God! For you the sky does battle, and the winds, conspiring, come at the trumpet's call.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudian's verses on the battle.
- Claudian, On the Third Consulship of Honorius 96–98. No extrabiblical id exists for Claudian.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.21 (CSEL 5:531–532; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.22CSEL 5:532
Ita caelitus iudicatum est inter partem etiam sine praesidio hominum de solo Deo humiliter sperantem et partem adrogantissime de uiribus suis et de idolis praesumentem.
So it was judged from heaven between the side that hoped humbly in God alone, even without human protection, and the side that presumed most arrogantly on its own strength and on idols.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heaven judged between humility and arrogance.
Topics: Humility and pride
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.22 (CSEL 5:532; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.35.23CSEL 5:532
Theodosius autem conposita tranquillataque republica apud Mediolanium constitutus diem obiit.
Theodosius, having settled and pacified the commonwealth, died while stationed at Mediolanum.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius dies at Milan.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.35.23 (CSEL 5:532; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-35-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 36
7.36.1CSEL 5:532–533
Anno ab Vrbe condita MCXLVIIII Arcadius Augustus, cuius nunc filius Theodosius Orientem regit, et Honorius Augustus frater eius, cui nunc respublica innititur, quadragensimo secundo loco commune imperium diuisis tantum sedibus tenere coeperunt; uixitque Arcadius post patris excessum annis duodecim imperiique summam Theodosio filio paruo admodum moriens tradidit.
In the 1149th year from the founding of the City, Arcadius Augustus, whose son Theodosius now rules the East, and his brother Honorius Augustus, on whom the commonwealth now rests, began, in the forty-second place, to hold a common empire, with only their seats divided; and Arcadius lived twelve years after his father's death and, dying, handed the sum of empire to his son Theodosius, still quite small.
Notes and citation
Summary: Arcadius and Honorius succeed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): cnins nunc → cuius nunc; duuisis → diuisis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.1 (CSEL 5:532–533; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.2CSEL 5:533
interea Gildo comes, qui in initio regni eorum Africae praeerat, simul ut defunctum Theodosium comperit, siue (ut quidam ferunt) quadam permotus inuidia Africam orientalis imperii partibus iungere molitus est,
Meanwhile Count Gildo, who at the beginning of their reign governed Africa, as soon as he learned that Theodosius was dead, either, as some say, moved by a certain envy, tried to join Africa to the parts of the eastern empire,
Notes and citation
Summary: Gildo's revolt in Africa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.2 (CSEL 5:533; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.3CSEL 5:533
siue (ut alia tradit opinio) minimam in paruulis spem fore arbitratus — praesertim cum absque his non facile antea quisquam pusillus in imperio relictus ad maturitatem uirilis aetatis euaserit istique propemodum soli inueniantur, quos ob egregiam patris ac suam fidem et diuisos et destitutos Christi tutela prouexerit — Africam excerptam a societate reipublicae sibi usurpare ausus est, gentili magis licentia contentus quam ambitu regiae affectationis inflatus.
or, as another opinion relates, thinking there would be very little hope in the little boys (especially since, apart from these, hardly anyone left as a small child in the empire had before reached the maturity of manhood, and these are almost the only ones found whom, because of their father's and their own outstanding faith, the protection of Christ has brought forward though divided and left alone), dared to cut Africa off from the fellowship of the commonwealth and usurp it for himself, content with gentile license rather than puffed up with the ambition of aiming at royalty.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gildo seizes Africa.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sine (ut alia → siue (ut alia; reipublieae → reipublicae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.3 (CSEL 5:533; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.4CSEL 5:533–534
huic Mascezel frater fuit, qui nouarum rerum molitiones in fratre perhorrescens, relictis apud Africanam militiam duobus filiis adulescentibus in Italiam rediit. Gildo, et absentiam fratris et praesentiam filiorum eius suspectam habens, adulescentes dolo circumuentos interfecit.
He had a brother Mascezel, who, shuddering at his brother's schemes of revolution, left his two young sons with the African army and returned to Italy. Gildo, holding suspect both his brother's absence and the presence of his sons, surrounded the young men by treachery and killed them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gildo kills his nephews.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): apud Africanam. militiam → apud Africanam militiam; suspectam habena → suspectam habens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.4 (CSEL 5:533–534; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.5CSEL 5:534
ad hunc iam ut hostem bello insequendum Mascezel frater missus est, quem idoneum procurandae reipublicae fore propriae orbitatis recens dolor pollicebatur. igitur Mascezel, iam inde a Theodosio sciens, quantum in rebus desperatissimis oratio hominis per fidem Christi a clementia Dei impetraret, Caprariam insulam adiit, unde secum sanctos seruos Dei aliquot permotos precibus suis sumpsit: cum his orationibus ieiuniis psalmis dies noctesque continuans sine bello uictoriam meruit ac sine caede uindictam.
Against him, now to be pursued in war as an enemy, his brother Mascezel was sent, whom the fresh grief of his own bereavement promised to be fit for caring for the commonwealth. So Mascezel, knowing already from Theodosius how much a man's prayer through faith in Christ obtains from the mercy of God in the most desperate affairs, went to the island of Capraria, from which he took with him some holy servants of God, moved by his prayers: continuing with them day and night in prayers, fasts, and psalms, he earned victory without war and vengeance without slaughter.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mascezel takes monks with him and prays.
Topics: Prayer, Fasting, Monastic life
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.5 (CSEL 5:534; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.6CSEL 5:534–535
Ardalio fluminis nomen est, quod fluit inter Theuesten et Ammederam ciuitates; ubi cum parua manu, hoc est cum quinque milibus (ut aiunt) militum, contra septuaginta milia hostium castra metatus, cum interiecta mora excedere loco oppositasque praeiacentis uallis angustias transgredi uellet:
Ardalio is the name of a river which flows between the cities of Theveste and Ammaedara; there, when with a small band, that is, with five thousand soldiers, as they say, he had pitched camp against seventy thousand of the enemy, and after some delay wished to leave the place and cross the narrows of the valley lying opposite before him:
Notes and citation
Summary: Mascezel camps by the Ardalio.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.6 (CSEL 5:534–535; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.7CSEL 5:535
incurrente nocte beatum Ambrosium episcopum Mediolani paulo ante defunctum per somnium sibi uidere uisus est significantem manu et inpacto ad humum ter baculo dicentem: hic, hic, hic. quod ille prudenti coniectura intellexit merito adnuntiantis fidem uictoriae, uerbo locum, numero diem significare.
as night came on he seemed in a dream to see the blessed Ambrose, bishop of Milan, who had died a little before, signaling with his hand and, striking the ground three times with his staff, saying: “Here, here, here.” This he understood by prudent conjecture to signify by the merit of the announcer the assurance of victory, by the word the place, and by the number the day.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose appears to Mascezel in a dream.
Topics: Spiritual gifts and visions
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.7 (CSEL 5:535; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.8CSEL 5:535
substitit ac tertio demum die post noctem orationibus hymnisque peruigilem ab ipsis caelestium sacramentorum mysteriis in hostem circumfusum processit;
He halted, and only on the third day, after a night kept awake in prayers and hymns, he went out from the very mysteries of the heavenly sacraments against the enemy pouring around him;
Notes and citation
Summary: Mascezel advances after prayer and the sacraments.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): snbstitit → substitit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.8 (CSEL 5:535; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.9CSEL 5:535
et cum ad eos, qui primi occurrerant, pia pacis uerba iactaret, signiferum quendam insolenter obsistentem et iamiamque pugnam excitantem gladio percussit in bracchio eumque manu debilem ipso uulnere coegit pronum inclinare uexillum.
and when he was addressing pious words of peace to those who had first met him, he struck with his sword on the arm a certain standard-bearer who was insolently resisting and on the point of starting battle, and, the man's hand weakened by the very wound, forced him to lower his banner forward.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mascezel wounds a standard-bearer.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): et cum ad eoe → et cum ad eos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.9 (CSEL 5:535; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.10CSEL 5:535
quo uiso reliquae cohortes deditionem iam fieri priorum existimantes certatim sese ad Mascezelem signis tradidere conuersis. barbari, quorum magnam multitudinem Gildo ad bellum deduxerat, defectu militum destituti in diuersa fugerunt.
Seeing this, the remaining cohorts, thinking that the first were already surrendering, vied in handing themselves over to Mascezel with standards reversed. The barbarians, a great multitude of whom Gildo had led to war, left helpless by the defection of the soldiers, fled in different directions.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gildo's army surrenders.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.10 (CSEL 5:535; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.11CSEL 5:535–536
Gildo et ipse fugam molitus arrepta naui ut in altum prouectus ac deinde reuocatus in Africam est, post aliquot dies strangulatus interiit.
Gildo, himself attempting flight, seized a ship, and when he had put out to sea and then been driven back to Africa, after some days died by strangling.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gildo's death.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.11 (CSEL 5:535–536; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.12CSEL 5:536
periclitaremur sub tantorum miraculorum relatu quasi praesumpta mentiendi inpudentia, nisi adhuc uocem nostram conscientia eorum, qui interfuere, praecurreret. nullae aguntur insidiae, nulla corruptio; septuaginta milia hostium uincuntur paene sine pugna; fugit uictus ad tempus, ne plus audeat uictor iratus; transportatur in diuersum locum, ut nesciat frater occidi, quo uindicatur occiso.
We would run the risk, in relating such great miracles, of seeming to have presumed the impudence of lying, did not the knowledge of those who were present still run ahead of our voice. No traps are laid, no bribery; seventy thousand of the enemy are conquered almost without battle; the vanquished flees for a time, lest the angry victor dare more; he is carried off to a different place, so that the brother may not know of the killing of him by whose death he is avenged.
Notes and citation
Summary: The victory over Gildo was a miracle.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): periclitaremnr sub tantorum miraculoram → periclitaremur sub tantorum miraculorum.
Topics: Miracles
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.12 (CSEL 5:536; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.36.13CSEL 5:536
sane idem Mascezel elatus rerum secundarum insolentia, posthabito sanctorum consortio, cum quibus antea Deo militans uicerat, etiam ecclesiam temerare ausus est atque ex ea quosdam non dubitauit extrahere. secuta est poena sacrilegum. nam isdem superstitibus atque insultantibus, quos ab ecclesia ad poenam protraxerat, post aliquantum tempus solus ipse punitus est probauitque in se uno, ad utrumque semper diuinum uigilare iudicium, quando et, cum sperauit, adiutus et, cum contempsit, occisus est.
Indeed the same Mascezel, elated by the insolence of success, setting aside the fellowship of the saints, with whom he had conquered before as a soldier of God, even dared to violate a church and did not hesitate to drag certain people out of it. Punishment followed the sacrilegious man. For while those whom he had dragged from the church to punishment survived and exulted, after some time he alone was punished, and proved in himself alone that the divine judgment is always watchful in both directions, since when he hoped he was helped, and when he despised he was killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mascezel violates a church and is punished.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sane idem Mascezei → sane idem Mascezel.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.36.13 (CSEL 5:536; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-36-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 37
7.37.1CSEL 5:536–537
Interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii, quid uterque egerit, quidue agere conatus sit, exitus utriusque docuit, cum alius sibi, alius filio suo affectans regale fastigium, ut rebus repente turbatis necessitas reipublicae scelus ambitus tegeret, barbaras gentes ille inmisit, hic fouit.
Meanwhile, when the elder emperor Theodosius had entrusted the care and training of each of the infants and of each palace to the most powerful men, that is, to Rufinus the eastern court and to Stilicho the western empire, what each did, or tried to do, the end of each showed: the one aiming at royal rank for himself, the other for his son, so that, with affairs suddenly thrown into confusion, the need of the commonwealth might cover the crime of ambition, the one let in barbarian peoples, the other fostered them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rufinus and Stilicho use the barbarians for their ambition.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.1 (CSEL 5:536–537; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.2CSEL 5:537
taceo de Alarico rege cum Gothis suis saepe uicto, saepe concluso semperque dimisso. taceo de infelicibus illis apud Pollentiam gestis, cum barbaro et pagano duci, hoc est Sauli, belli summa commissa est, cuius inprobitate reuerentissimi dies et sanctum pascha uiolatum est cedentique hosti propter religionem, ut pugnaret, extortum est: cum quidem, ostendente in breui indicio Dei et quid fauor eius possit et quid ultio exigeret, pugnantes uicimus, uictores uicti sumus.
I say nothing of King Alaric with his Goths, often defeated, often shut in, and always let go. I say nothing of those unhappy events at Pollentia, when the supreme command of the war was given to a barbarian and pagan general, that is, Saul, by whose wickedness the most reverend days and holy Easter were violated, and from the enemy, who was giving way for the sake of religion, a battle was extorted: when indeed, as the judgment of God soon showed both what his favor could do and what his vengeance demanded, fighting we conquered, and as victors we were conquered.
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle of Pollentia fought on Easter.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray hyphen): quid-ultio → quid ultio.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.2 (CSEL 5:537; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.3CSEL 5:537–538
taceo de ipsorum inter se barbarorum crebris dilacerationibus, cum se inuicem Gothorum cunei duo, deinde Alani atque Huni uariis caedibus populabantur.
I say nothing of the frequent tearings among the barbarians themselves, when two wedges of the Goths, then the Alans and Huns, ravaged each other with various slaughters.
Notes and citation
Summary: Barbarians fight one another.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.3 (CSEL 5:537–538; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.4CSEL 5:538
Radagaisus, omnium antiquorum praesentiumque hostium longe immanissimus, repentino impetu totam inundauit Italiam. nam fuisse in populo eius plus quam ducenta milia Gothorum ferunt.
Radagaisus, by far the most savage of all enemies, ancient and present, flooded all Italy with a sudden onset. For they say there were more than two hundred thousand Goths in his people.
Notes and citation
Summary: Radagaisus invades Italy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.4 (CSEL 5:538; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.5CSEL 5:538
hic supra hanc incredibilem multitudinem indomitamque uirtutem paganus et Scytha erat: qui, ut mos est barbaris huiusmodi gentibus, omnem Romani generis sanguinem dis suis propinare deuouerat.
He, beyond this incredible multitude and untamed courage, was a pagan and a Scythian, who, as is the custom of barbarian peoples of this kind, had vowed to offer all the blood of the Roman race to his gods.
Notes and citation
Summary: Radagaisus vows Roman blood to his gods.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.5 (CSEL 5:538; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.6CSEL 5:538–539
hoc igitur Romanis arcibus imminente fit omnium paganorum in Vrbe concursus, hostem esse cum utique copia uirium tum maxime praesidio deorum potentem, Vrbem autem ideo destitutam et mature perituram, quia deos et sacra perdiderit.
So, as he threatened the Roman citadels, there was a rush of all the pagans in the City, saying that the enemy was powerful both in the abundance of his forces and above all in the protection of the gods, while the City was abandoned and would soon perish because it had lost its gods and rites.
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans blame the loss of the gods.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.6 (CSEL 5:538–539; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.7CSEL 5:539
magnis querellis ubique agitur, et continuo de repetendis sacris celebrandisque tractatur, feruent tota Vrbe blasphemiae, uulgo nomen Christi tamquam lues aliqua praesentium temporum probris ingrauatur.
There are great complaints everywhere, and at once there is talk of restoring and celebrating the rites; blasphemies boil throughout the City, and the name of Christ is commonly weighed down with the reproaches of the present times, as if it were some plague.
Notes and citation
Summary: Blasphemies at Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.7 (CSEL 5:539; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.8CSEL 5:539
itaque ineffabili iudicio Dei factum est, uti, quoniam in permixto populo piis gratia, poena impiis debebatur oportebatque permitti hostes, qui insuadibilem in plurimis et contradicentem ciuitatem seuerioribus solito flagris coarguerent, non tamen eos, qui indiscrete cunctos intemperata caede delerent — duo tunc Gothorum populi cum duobus potentissimis regibus suis per Romanas prouincias bacchabantur:
So it came about by the ineffable judgment of God that, since in a mixed people grace was owed to the pious and punishment to the impious, and enemies had to be permitted who would chastise with more than usually severe whips a city in very many ways unpersuadable and contradicting, yet not such as would destroy all indiscriminately with unrestrained slaughter, two peoples of the Goths were then raging through the Roman provinces with their two most powerful kings:
Notes and citation
Summary: Two Gothic peoples, by God's judgment.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.8 (CSEL 5:539; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.9CSEL 5:539–540
quorum unus Christianus propiorque Romano et, ut res docuit, timore Dei mitis in caede, alius paganus barbarus et uere Scytha, qui non tantum gloriam aut praedam quantum inexsaturabili crudelitate ipsam caedem amaret in caede, et hic iam sinu receptus Italiae Romam e proximo trementem terrore quassabat.
of these one was a Christian and nearer to the Roman, and, as events showed, mild in slaughter through fear of God; the other a pagan, a barbarian, and truly a Scythian, who loved not so much glory or booty as slaughter itself in slaughter, with insatiable cruelty; and this one, already received in the bosom of Italy, was shaking Rome, trembling close by, with terror.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alaric the Christian and Radagaisus the pagan.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): quorum unns → quorum unus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.9 (CSEL 5:539–540; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.10CSEL 5:540
itaque si huic ultionis potestas permitteretur, quem Romani ob hoc praecipue timendum arbitrabantur, quia fauorem deorum sacrificiorum obsequiis inuitaret, et immoderatior caedes sine fructu emendationis arsisset et error nouissimus peior priore creuisset; quandoquidem in pagani et idololatrae manus incidisse, non solum paganis residuis de instaurando cultu idolorum esset indubitata persuasio sed etiam Christianis periculosa confusio, cum et hi terrerentur praeiudicio et illi confirmarentur exemplo.
So, if power of vengeance had been permitted to this one, whom the Romans thought must be feared chiefly because he invited the favor of the gods by the services of sacrifices, both a more unrestrained slaughter would have blazed without fruit of correction, and “the last error would have grown worse than the first”; since, if they had fallen into the hands of a pagan and idolater, there would have been not only an undoubted persuasion among the remaining pagans about restoring the worship of idols but also a dangerous confusion for the Christians, as these would be frightened by the precedent and those confirmed by the example.
Matt 27:64 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: A pagan victory would have revived idolatry.
- “The last error … worse than the first”: Matt 27:64.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.10 (CSEL 5:540; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.11CSEL 5:540
quamobrem iustus dispensator humani generis Deus perire paganum hostem uoluit et Christianum praeualere permisit, ut pagani blasphemantesque Romani et illo confunderentur perdito et hoc punirentur immisso; maxime cum imperatoris Honorii admiranda in rege continentia et sanctissima fides non parum diuinae misericordiae mereretur
For this reason God, the just dispenser of the human race, willed the pagan enemy to perish and allowed the Christian to prevail, so that the pagans and blaspheming Romans might be both confounded by the destruction of the one and punished by the sending of the other; especially since the admirable self-restraint and most holy faith of the emperor Honorius as king earned no small measure of divine mercy.
Notes and citation
Summary: God destroyed the pagan and let the Christian prevail.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.11 (CSEL 5:540; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.12CSEL 5:540–541
conceduntur quidem aduersus immanissimum illum hostem Radagaisum aliorum hostium cum copiis suis inclinati ad auxilium animi. adsunt Vldin et Sarus, Hunorum et Gothorum duces, praesidio Romanorum; sed non sinit Deus rem potentiae suae uirtutem hominum ac maxime hostium uideri.
Against that most savage enemy Radagaisus the minds of other enemies with their forces are indeed granted, inclined to help. Uldin and Sarus, leaders of the Huns and Goths, are present for the protection of the Romans; but God does not allow a matter of his own power to seem the strength of men, and above all of enemies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hunnic and Gothic allies help, but God acts.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.12 (CSEL 5:540–541; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.13CSEL 5:541
conterritum diuinitus Radagaisum in Faesulanos montes cogit eiusque — secundum eos qui parcissime referunt — ducenta milia hominum inopum consilii et cibi in arido et aspero montis iugo, urguente undique timore concludit agminaque, quibus dudum angusta uidebatur Italia, latendi spe in unum ac paruum uerticem trudit. quid multis morer?
He drives Radagaisus, terrified by divine power, into the mountains of Faesulae and shuts up his two hundred thousand men (according to those who report most sparingly), at a loss for counsel and food, on the dry and rough ridge of the mountain, with fear pressing on every side, and thrusts columns for which Italy had lately seemed narrow, in hope of hiding, onto one small peak. Why should I delay with many words?
Notes and citation
Summary: Radagaisus is trapped at Faesulae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.13 (CSEL 5:541; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.14CSEL 5:541
non disposita in bellum acies fuit, non furor timorque incerta pugnae praetulit, non caedes acta, non sanguis effusus est, non postremo - quod felicitatis loco deputari solet — damna pugnae euentu compensata uictoriae: edentibus bibentibus ludentibusque nostris tanti illi tamque immanes hostes esurientes sitientes languentesque confecti sunt.
No battle line was drawn up for war, no fury and fear brought on the uncertainties of a fight, no slaughter was done, no blood shed, and finally, what is usually counted as good fortune, no losses of battle were compensated by the outcome of victory: while our men ate, drank, and played, those enemies, so many and so savage, were finished off, hungry, thirsty, and languishing.
Notes and citation
Summary: The enemy perishes without battle.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): hon caedes acta → non caedes acta.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.14 (CSEL 5:541; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.15CSEL 5:541–542
parum hoc est, nisi captum et subiugatum sciant, quem timuere Romani, illumque idololatram suum, cuius sacrificia se magis pertimescere quam arma fingebant, sine proelio uictum ac uinctum sub iugo catenisque despiciant. igitur rex Radagaisus solus spem fugae sumens clam suos deseruit atque in nostros incidit: a quibus captus et paulisper retentus ac deinde interfectus est.
This is little, unless they know that he whom the Romans feared was captured and subjugated, and look down on that idolater of theirs, whose sacrifices they pretended to fear more than his arms, conquered without battle and bound under yoke and chains. So King Radagaisus, alone taking hope of flight, secretly deserted his men and fell among ours: by them he was captured, kept for a little while, and then killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Radagaisus is captured and executed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line number leaked into the digital text): idololatram 15 suum → idololatram suum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.15 (CSEL 5:541–542; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.16CSEL 5:542
tanta uero multitudo captiuorum Gothorum fuisse fertur, ut uilissimorum pecudum modo singulis aureis passim greges hominum uenderentur. sed nihil superesse Deus de eodem populo sinit. nam ilico cunctis qui emebantur morientibus quod improbi emptores eorum non impenderunt turpiter pretiis, expenderunt misericorditer sepulturis.
So great a multitude of Gothic captives is said to have existed that everywhere herds of men were sold like the cheapest cattle for a gold piece each. But God allowed nothing of that people to remain. For at once, as all who were bought died, what their wicked buyers had not spent shamefully on prices they spent mercifully on burials.
Notes and citation
Summary: The captives are sold cheaply and soon die.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.16 (CSEL 5:542; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.37.17CSEL 5:542
igitur ingrata Roma, quae sicut nunc sensit non ad remittendam sed ad reprimendam idololatriae praesumptionem iudicis Dei obliquam misericordiam, ita continuo propter uiuorum mortuorumque sanctorum piam recordationem Dei iram passura non plenam, si forte confusa paeniteat et per experientiam fidem discat, ab incursu Alarici regis et hostis sed Christiani aliquantulo ad tempus spatio differtur.
So ungrateful Rome, which, as she now felt the indirect mercy of God the judge not for remitting but for repressing the presumption of idolatry, so soon was to suffer God's wrath, though not in full, because of the pious memory of the saints living and dead, if perhaps, confounded, she might repent and learn faith through experience, is given a little respite for a time from the attack of Alaric, a king and an enemy, but a Christian.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome is spared for a time.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.37.17 (CSEL 5:542; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-37-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 38
7.38.1CSEL 5:542–543
Interea comes Stilico, Vandalorum inbellis auarae perfidae et dolosae gentis genere editus, parui pendens quod sub imperatore imperabat, Eucherium filium suum, sicut a plerisque traditur, iam inde Christianorum persecutionem a puero priuatoque meditantem, in imperium quoquo modo substituere nitebatur.
Meanwhile Count Stilicho, sprung from the race of the Vandals, an unwarlike, greedy, faithless, and crafty nation, thinking it little that he ruled under an emperor, was striving by any means to put in the emperor's place his son Eucherius, who, as is related by many, was already from boyhood and as a private man planning a persecution of the Christians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Stilicho plots to make his son emperor.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): Christianorum. persecutionem → Christianorum persecutionem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.38.1 (CSEL 5:542–543; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.38.2CSEL 5:543
quamobrem Alaricum cunctamque Gothorum gentem, pro pace optima et quibuscumque sedibus suppliciter ac simpliciter orantem, occulto foedere fouens, publice autem et belli et pacis copia negata, ad terendam terrendamque rempublicam reseruauit.
For this reason, fostering Alaric and the whole nation of the Goths, who were begging humbly and simply for the best peace and any dwellings whatever, by a secret treaty, but publicly denying them both war and peace, he kept them in reserve to wear down and terrify the commonwealth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Stilicho keeps Alaric in reserve.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.38.2 (CSEL 5:543; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.38.3CSEL 5:543
praeterea gentes alias copiis uiribusque intolerabiles, quibus nunc Galliarum Hispaniarumque prouinciae premuntur, hoc est Alanorum Sueborum Vandalorum ipsoque simul motu inpulsorum Burgundionum, ultro in arma sollicitans, deterso semel Romani nominis metu suscitauit.
Moreover, he roused other peoples, unbearable in their numbers and strength, by whom the provinces of the Gauls and Spains are now oppressed, that is, the Alans, Suebi, Vandals, and with them the Burgundians driven by the same movement, soliciting them to arms of his own accord, once the fear of the Roman name had been wiped away.
Notes and citation
Summary: Stilicho incites the Vandals, Alans and Suebi.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.38.3 (CSEL 5:543; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.38.4CSEL 5:543–544
eas interim ripas Rheni quatere et pulsare Gallias uoluit, sperans miser sub hac necessitatis circumstantia, quia et extorquere imperium genero posset in filium et barbarae gentes tam facile comprimi quam commoueri ualerent.
He wished them meanwhile to batter the banks of the Rhine and strike the Gauls, hoping, wretch, that under this pressure of necessity he could both wrest the empire from his son-in-law for his son, and that the barbarian peoples could be suppressed as easily as they were stirred up.
Notes and citation
Summary: Stilicho's hopes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.38.4 (CSEL 5:543–544; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.38.5CSEL 5:544
itaque ubi imperatori Honorio exercituique Romano haec tantorum scelerum scaena patefacta est, commoto iustissime exercitu occisus est Stilico, qui ut unum puerum purpura indueret, totius generis humani sanguinem dedidit;
So when this scene of such great crimes was laid bare to the emperor Honorius and the Roman army, the army being most justly roused, Stilicho was killed, who, to clothe one boy in the purple, had given over the blood of the whole human race;
Notes and citation
Summary: Stilicho is killed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.38.5 (CSEL 5:544; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.38.6CSEL 5:544
occisus Eucherius, qui ad conciliandum sibi fauorem paganorum restitutione templorum et euersione ecclesiarum inbuturum se regni primordia minabatur, paucique cum isdem satellites tantarum molitionum puniti sunt. ita minimo negotio paucorumque poena ecclesiae Christi cum imperatore religioso et liberatae sunt et uindicatae.
Eucherius was killed, who, to win the favor of the pagans, was threatening to begin the first days of his reign with the restoration of the temples and the overthrow of the churches, and a few henchmen of such great schemes were punished with them. So with very little trouble and the punishment of a few the churches of Christ, together with the religious emperor, were both freed and avenged.
Notes and citation
Summary: Eucherius is killed; the churches are freed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): occisus Encherius → occisus Eucherius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.38.6 (CSEL 5:544; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.38.7CSEL 5:544
Itaque post haec tanta augmenta blasphemiarum nullamque paenitentiam ultima illa diuque suspensa Vrbem poena consequitur.
So, after these great increases of blasphemies and no repentance, that last punishment, long suspended, overtakes the City.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome's punishment comes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.38.7 (CSEL 5:544; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-38-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 39
7.39.1CSEL 5:544–545
adest Alaricus, trepidam Romam obsidet turbat inrumpit dato tamen praecepto prius, ut si qui in sancta loca praecipueque in sanctorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli basilicas confugissent, hos inprimis inuiolatos securosque esse sinerent, tum deinde in quantum possent praedae inhiantes a sanguine temperarent.
Alaric arrives, besieges, throws into confusion, and breaks into trembling Rome, having first given the order that, if any had fled to the holy places, and especially to the basilicas of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, they should let these above all be unharmed and safe, and then that, as far as they could, while greedy for booty, they should refrain from blood.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alaric sacks Rome but spares the churches.
Topics: Church buildings
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.1 (CSEL 5:544–545; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.2CSEL 5:545
accidit quoque, quo magis illa Vrbis inruptio indignatione Dei acta quam hostis fortitudine probaretur, ut beatus Innocentius, Romanae urbis episcopus, tamquam iustus Loth subtractus a Sodomis occulta prouidentia Dei apud Rauennam tunc positus, peccatoris populi non uideret excidium.
It also happened, so that the breaking into the City might be the more proved to have been done by the indignation of God than by the strength of the enemy, that the blessed Innocent, bishop of the city of Rome, like righteous Lot withdrawn from Sodom, was then placed at Ravenna by the hidden providence of God, so that he did not see the destruction of the sinful people.
Gen 19:15–29 (allusion, high confidence) · 2 Pet 2:7 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Pope Innocent is absent, like Lot from Sodom.
- Compare Gen 19:15–29; 2 Pet 2:7.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.2 (CSEL 5:545; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.3CSEL 5:545
discurrentibus per Vrbem barbaris forte unus Gothorum idemque potens et Christianus sacram Deo uirginem iam aetate prouectam, in quadam ecclesiastica domo reperit, cumque ab ea aurum argentumque honeste exposceret,
While the barbarians were running through the City, one of the Goths, as it happened, a powerful man and a Christian, found in a certain church house a virgin consecrated to God, already advanced in age; and when he asked her, honorably, for gold and silver,
Notes and citation
Summary: A Goth finds a consecrated virgin.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): ecclesiastica. domo → ecclesiastica domo.
Topics: Virginity and celibacy
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.3 (CSEL 5:545; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.4CSEL 5:545
illa fideli constantia esse apud se plurimum et mox proferendum spopondit ac protulit, cumque expositis opibus attonitum barbarum magnitudine pondere pulchritudine, ignota etiam uasorum qualitate intellegeret, uirgo Christi ad barbarum ait:
she, with faithful constancy, promised that there was a great deal with her and that she would soon bring it out, and she did; and when, the treasures laid out, she understood that the barbarian was astonished at their size, weight, and beauty, and at the unknown kind of the vessels too, the virgin of Christ said to the barbarian:
Notes and citation
Summary: She shows him the sacred vessels.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.4 (CSEL 5:545; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.5CSEL 5:545–546
haec Petri apostoli sacra ministeria sunt. praesume, si audes; de facto tu uideris. ego quia defendere nequeo, tenere non audeo.
“These are the sacred vessels of the apostle Peter. Take them, if you dare; you will answer for the deed. I, since I cannot defend them, do not dare to keep them.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The virgin's words.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.5 (CSEL 5:545–546; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.6CSEL 5:546
barbarus uero ad reuerentiam religionis timore Dei et fide uirginis motus ad Alaricum haec per nuntium rettulit: qui continuo reportari ad apostoli basilicam uniuersa ut erant
The barbarian, moved to reverence for religion by fear of God and the virgin's faith, reported this to Alaric through a messenger; he at once ordered all the vessels, just as they were,
Notes and citation
Summary: Alaric is told.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.6 (CSEL 5:546; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.7CSEL 5:546
uasa imperauit, uirginem etiam simulque omnes qui se adiungerent Christianos eodem cum defensione deduci. ea domus a sanctis sedibus longe ut ferunt et medio interiectu Vrbis aberat.
to be carried back to the apostle's basilica, and the virgin too, and with her all Christians who joined themselves, to be escorted there under protection. That house, they say, was far from the holy places, with half the City lying between.
Notes and citation
Summary: The vessels are carried to St. Peter's.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.7 (CSEL 5:546; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.8CSEL 5:546
itaque magno spectaculo omnium disposita per singulos singula et super capita elata palam aurea atque argentea uasa portantur; exertis undique ad defensionem gladiis pia pompa munitur;
So, to the great spectacle of all, the gold and silver vessels, distributed one to each person and raised above their heads, are carried openly; the pious procession is protected by swords drawn on every side for its defense;
Notes and citation
Summary: The procession of the vessels.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): per singnlos → per singulos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.8 (CSEL 5:546; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.9CSEL 5:546
hymnum Deo Romanis barbarisque concinentibus publice canitur; personat late in excidio Vrbis salutis tuba omnesque etiam in abditis latentes inuitat ac pulsat;
a hymn to God is sung publicly, Romans and barbarians singing together; the trumpet of salvation resounds widely in the destruction of the City and invites and knocks at all, even those hiding in secret places;
Notes and citation
Summary: Romans and Goths sing together.
Topics: Hymns and singing
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.9 (CSEL 5:546; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.10CSEL 5:546–547
concurrunt undique ad uasa Petri uasa Christi, plurimi etiam pagani Christianis professione etsi non fide admiscentur et per hoc tamen ad tempus, quo magis confundantur, euadunt; quanto copiosius adgregantur Romani confugientes, tanto auidius circumfunduntur barbari defensores.
they run together from everywhere to the vessels of Peter, the vessels of Christ; very many pagans too mingle with the Christians in profession, though not in faith, and by this, though for a time, escape, so as to be the more confounded; the more abundantly fleeing Romans gather, the more eagerly the barbarians pour around them as defenders.
Notes and citation
Summary: Many join the procession and are saved.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.10 (CSEL 5:546–547; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.11CSEL 5:547
O sacra et ineffabilis diuini iudicii discretio! O sanctum istud et salutare flumen, quod parua exortum domo, dum beato alueo in sanctorum sedes tendit, oberrantes periclitantesque animas in salutis sinum pia rapacitate peruexit!
O holy and ineffable discernment of divine judgment! O holy and saving river, which, arising from a small house, while it makes for the seats of the saints in its blessed channel, carried wandering and endangered souls into the bosom of salvation with a holy rapacity!
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius's exclamation on the procession.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.11 (CSEL 5:547; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.12CSEL 5:547
O praeclara illa Christianae militiae tuba, quae generaliter cunctos dulcissimo ad uitam modulamine inuitans, quos ad salutem inoboedientes non suscitauit, inexcusabiles reliquit ad mortem.
O that glorious trumpet of Christian warfare, which, inviting all in general to life with the sweetest melody, left inexcusable for death those whom, disobedient, it did not rouse to salvation.
Notes and citation
Summary: The trumpet of salvation.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.12 (CSEL 5:547; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.13CSEL 5:547
mysterium hoc, quod in transferendis uasis, dicendis hymnis, ducendis populis fuit, tamquam magnum cribrum fuisse arbitror, per quod ex congregatione populi Romani tamquam ex magna massa frumenti per omnia ex uniuerso ambitu ciuitatis latebrarum foramina effluxere grana uiua siue occasione siue ueritate commota;
This mystery, which lay in carrying the vessels, singing hymns, and leading the people, I think was like a great sieve, through which, from the gathering of the Roman people, as from a great mass of grain, living grains flowed out through all the holes of the hiding places from the whole circuit of the city, moved either by the occasion or by truth;
Notes and citation
Summary: The procession as a sieve.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.13 (CSEL 5:547; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.14CSEL 5:547
omnia tamen de praesenti salute credentia ex horreo dominicae praeparationis accepta sunt, reliqua uero uelut stercora et uelut paleae, ipsa uel incredulitate uel inoboedientia praeiudicata, ad exterminium atque incendium remanserunt. quis haec perpendere plenis miraculis, quis praedicare dignis laudibus queat?
yet all that believed in present salvation were received from the granary of the Lord's preparation, while the rest, like dung and like chaff, already judged by their very unbelief or disobedience, remained for extermination and burning. Who could weigh these things with full wonder, who proclaim them with fitting praise?
Matt 3:12 (allusion, medium confidence) · Luke 3:17 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Wheat and chaff.
- Compare Matt 3:12; Luke 3:17.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.14 (CSEL 5:547; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.15CSEL 5:547–548
Tertia die barbari quam ingressi Vrbem fuerant sponte discedunt, facto quidem aliquantarum aedium incendio sed ne tanto quidem quantum septingentesimo conditionis eius anno casus effecerat.
On the third day after they had entered the City the barbarians left of their own accord, having indeed set fire to a number of buildings, but not even so great a fire as chance had caused in the seven hundredth year from its founding.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Goths leave after three days.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.15 (CSEL 5:547–548; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.16CSEL 5:548
nam si exhibitam Neronis imperatoris sui spectaculis inflammationem recenseam, procul dubio nulla conparatione aequiperabitur secundum id, quod excitauerat lasciuia principis, hoc, quod nunc intulit ira uictoris.
For if I review the burning displayed for the spectacles of their emperor Nero, beyond doubt there will be no comparison to equate this, which the anger of the victor now brought, with that which the wantonness of the prince had stirred up.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero's fire was worse.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.16 (CSEL 5:548; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.17CSEL 5:548
neque uero Gallorum meminisse in huiusmodi conlatione debeo, qui continuo paene anni spatio incensae euersaeque Vrbis adtritos cineres possederunt.
Nor should I recall the Gauls in such a comparison, who for the space of almost a year continuously possessed the worn ashes of the burned and overthrown City.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gallic sack was worse.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): neque nero Gallorum → neque uero Gallorum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.17 (CSEL 5:548; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.39.18CSEL 5:548
et ne quisquam forte dubitaret ad correptionem superbae lasciuae et blasphemae ciuitatis hostibus fuisse permissum, eodem tempore clarissima Vrbis loca fulminibus diruta sunt, quae inflammari ab hostibus nequiuerunt.
And lest anyone perhaps doubt that it was permitted to the enemy for the chastisement of a proud, wanton, and blasphemous city, at the same time the most famous places of the City, which the enemy could not set on fire, were destroyed by lightning.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lightning strikes what the enemy spared.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (doubled full stop): nequiuerunt.. → nequiuerunt..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.39.18 (CSEL 5:548; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-39-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).