Luke 3 in the early church
426 passages quote, allude to, or echo Luke 3, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 31 · 34 · 36 · 38
Luke 3:1
In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, while Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, Herod tetrarch of Galilee, his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene,
Luke 3:2
during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John son of Zechariah in the wilderness.
Luke 3:3
He went into all the region around the Jordan, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:3 | On Repentance 2 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–206 |
| Luke 3:3 | Fragments on Luke, column 331 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Luke 3:3 | Homily on Luke 21 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:3 | Commentary on Matthew 16.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Luke 3:3 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.13.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 3:3 | Homilies on Matthew 10.1 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 3:3 | Poem 6, lines 255–285 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Luke 3:3 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 5.11 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400–401 |
Luke 3:4
as it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet: “A voice of one calling in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make straight paths for Him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:4 | Dialogue with Trypho 50.3 · Justin Martyr | echo, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Luke 3:4–6 | Against Heresies 3.9.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Luke 3:4 | Fragments on Luke, column 327 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Luke 3:4–5 | Commentary on John 6.95 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:4–6 | Commentary on John 6.137 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:4 | Homily on Luke 21 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:4 | Homily on Luke 22 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:4 | Prophetic Extracts 4.17 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Luke 3:4–5 | Tractates on the Psalms 67.6 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Luke 3:4–6 | Letter 119.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Luke 3:4 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.48.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Luke 3:4 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.25 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 3:5
Every valley shall be filled in, and every mountain and hill made low. The crooked ways shall be made straight, and the rough ways smooth.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:5 | Fragments on Luke, column 327 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Luke 3:5 | Fragments on Luke, column 329 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Luke 3:5–6 | Commentary on John 6.138 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:5 | Commentary on John 6.257 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:5 | Homily on Luke 4 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:5 | Homily on Luke 22 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:5 | Homilies on Matthew 10.3 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 3:5 | Homily 1 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Luke 3:5 | Sermon 250.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 3:5 | Poem 17, lines 57–88 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Luke 3:5 | Letters 5.18 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Luke 3:5 | Letters 32.2 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Luke 3:5 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.25 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 3:5 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 3 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
| Luke 3:5 | Book 4, section 1 · Sedulius | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Luke 3:6
And all humanity will see God’s salvation.’”
Luke 3:7
Then John said to the crowds coming out to be baptized by him, “You brood of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?
Luke 3:8
Produce fruit, then, in keeping with repentance. And do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:8 | On Modesty 10 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| Luke 3:8 | Fragments on Luke, column 327 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Luke 3:8 | Commentary on John 6.140 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:8 | Commentary on John 6.142 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:8 | Commentary on John 13.400 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:8 | Homily on Luke 21 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:8 | Homily on Luke 22 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:8 | Homily on Luke 23 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:8 | Canon 22 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 1 August 314 |
| Luke 3:8 | Letter 22 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Luke 3:8 | Three Letters to Sympronianus 3.16 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| Luke 3:8 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.39.6 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Luke 3:8 | Exposition of Psalm 118 16.19.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Luke 3:8 | Sermon 60.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 3:8 | Sermon 110.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 3:8 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.26 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 3:8 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 42.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Luke 3:8 | City of God 21.27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Luke 3:8 | On Faith and Works 19 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| Luke 3:8 | Part 1, chapter 13 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Luke 3:9
The axe lies ready at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:9 | Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 29.3 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–210 |
| Luke 3:9 | Commentary on John 6.143 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:9 | Commentary on John 6.145 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:9 | Homily on Luke 23 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:9 | Homily on Luke 27 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:9 | Sermon 60.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
Luke 3:10
The crowds asked him, “What then should we do?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:10 | Fragments on Luke, column 327 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Luke 3:10 | Homily on Luke 23 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:10–11 | Catechetical Lecture 3.8 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Luke 3:10–14 | Moral Rules (Moralia) 9 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360-370 |
| Luke 3:10 | Homilies on Matthew 10.1 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 3:10 | Homilies on Matthew 24.4 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 3:10 | Sermon 60.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 3:10–14 | Sermon 302.15 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 3:10 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.26 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 3:11
John replied, “Whoever has two tunics should share with him who has none, and whoever has food should do the same.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:11 | Against Heresies 4.30.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Luke 3:11 | On Patience 7 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–206 |
| Luke 3:11 | Fragments on Luke, column 327 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Luke 3:11 | Homily on Luke 23 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:11 | Res. 3.8 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Luke 3:11 | Vit. 7 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Luke 3:11 | Letter 150 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Luke 3:11 | Moral Rules (Moralia) 47 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-370 |
| Luke 3:11 | Letter 108.15 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Luke 3:11 | Letter 120.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Luke 3:11 | Sermon 60.12 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 3:11 | Poem 16, lines 256–299 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Luke 3:11 | Poem 24, lines 387–414 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Luke 3:11 | Dialogues 2.10 · Sulpicius Severus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 404–406 |
Luke 3:12
Even tax collectors came to be baptized. “Teacher,” they asked, “what should we do?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:12 | On Modesty 10 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| Luke 3:12 | Homily on Luke 23 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:12 | Homily on Luke 27 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:12–14 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.39.3 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Luke 3:12 | Homilies on Matthew 11.4 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 3:12–14 | Against Jovinianus 2.6 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| Luke 3:12–14 | City of God 2.19 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Luke 3:12 | On Faith and Works 19 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| Luke 3:12 | On Faith and Works 37 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 413 |
Luke 3:13
“Collect no more than you are authorized,” he answered.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:13 | The Instructor 3.12.91 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Luke 3:13 | Homily on Luke 23 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:13 | Homilies on Matthew 21.4 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 3:13 | On Faith and Works 19 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 413 |
| Luke 3:13 | On Faith and Works 37 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 413 |
Luke 3:14
Then some soldiers asked him, “And what should we do?” “Do not take money by force or false accusation,” he said. “Be content with your wages.”
Luke 3:15
The people were waiting expectantly and were all wondering in their hearts if John could be the Christ.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:15 | Dialogue with Trypho 88.7 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Luke 3:15–16 | Commentary on John 6.161 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:15 | Commentary on John 6.252 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:15 | Homily on Luke 24 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:15 | Homily on Luke 25 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:15 | Homily on Luke 27 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:15 | Recognitions 1.54 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Luke 3:15 | Homilies on Matthew 14.1 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
| Luke 3:15 | Sermon 292.2 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 3:15 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.26 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 3:15 | Chapter 14 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 437-450 |
Luke 3:16
John answered all of them: “I baptize you with water, but One more powerful than I will come, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire.
Luke 3:17
His winnowing fork is in His hand to clear His threshing floor and to gather the wheat into His barn; but He will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.”
Luke 3:18
With these and many other exhortations, John proclaimed the good news to the people.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:18 | Homily on Luke 27 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
Luke 3:19
But when he rebuked Herod the tetrarch regarding his brother’s wife Herodias and all the evils he had done,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:19–20 | Against Marcion 4.34 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 3:19 | Homily on Luke 27 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:19–20 | Church History 3.24.10 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| Luke 3:19–20 | On Not Sparing Those Who Sin against God 18 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Luke 3:19 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.92 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 3:20
Herod added this to them all: He locked John up in prison.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:20 | Homily on Luke 27 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:20 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.92 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 3:21
When all the people were being baptized, Jesus was baptized too. And as He was praying, heaven was opened,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:21 | Against Marcion 4.11 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Luke 3:21–22 | Commentary on John 6.262 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Luke 3:21 | Homily on Luke 27 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:21 | Letters to Serapion 1.4 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Luke 3:21 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.13.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 3:21 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 3:21 | Sermon 51.30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 3:21 | Sermon 83.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 3:21 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 3:21 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.92 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Luke 3:22
and the Holy Spirit descended on Him in a bodily form like a dove. And a voice came from heaven: “You are My beloved Son; in You I am well pleased.”
Luke 3:23
Jesus Himself was about thirty years old when He began His ministry. He was regarded as the son of Joseph, the son of Heli,
Luke 3:24
the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:24 | Letter to Aristides 3 · Julius Africanus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220–240 |
| Luke 3:24 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.11.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 3:24 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 14 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
Luke 3:31
the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:31 | Letter to Aristides 1 · Julius Africanus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220–240 |
| Luke 3:31 | Homily on Luke 28 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Luke 3:31 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 14 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Luke 3:31 | Sermon 51.30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Luke 3:31 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 3.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Luke 3:31 | The Harmony of the Gospels 1.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 3:31 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
| Luke 3:31 | Retractations 1.25 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 426-427 |
| Luke 3:31 | Retractations 2.16 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 426-427 |
Luke 3:34
the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:34 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.11.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
Luke 3:36
the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luke 3:36 | Refutation of All Heresies 10.30.6 · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Luke 3:36 | Ancoratus 59.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374 |
| Luke 3:36 | Ancoratus 114.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374 |
| Luke 3:36 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 2.1.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | echo, low confidence | 374-377 |
| Luke 3:36 | City of God 16.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | 413–426 |
Luke 3:38
the son of Enosh, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God.