Zechariah 3 in the early church
[Vulgate: Zacharias]
83 passages quote, allude to, or echo Zechariah 3, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9
Zechariah 3:1
Then the angel showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, with Satan standing at his right hand to accuse him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 3:1 | Dialogue with Trypho 79.4 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Zech 3:1 | Dialogue with Trypho 103.5 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Zech 3:1 | Dialogue with Trypho 115.2 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Zech 3:1–5 | Against the Jews 14 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 197–207 |
| Zech 3:1 | Against Marcion 3.7 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Zech 3:1 | On First Principles 3.2.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Zech 3:1 | PG 12:1563 (Ps 106–108 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Zech 3:1 | Homilies on Leviticus 9.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Zech 3:1–5 | To Quirinus 2.13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| Zech 3:1 | Lepr. 16 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Zech 3:1 | Prophetic Extracts 3.23 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Zech 3:1 | Divine Institutes 4.14.6 · Lactantius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Zech 3:1–5 | Demonstration of the Gospel 4.17.9 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 3:1–2 | Demonstration of the Gospel 5.27.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 3:1 | Against Marcellus 1.2.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 336–337 |
| Zech 3:1–2 | Against Marcellus 1.2.4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 336–337 |
| Zech 3:1 | Against Marcellus 1.2.9 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 336–337 |
| Zech 3:1 | Long recension, Smyrnaeans 7 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Zech 3:1 | Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Zech 3:1 | Apostolic Constitutions 6.5.6 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Zech 3:1 | On the Complaints of Job and David 3.27 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
| Zech 3:1–5 | Against Jovinianus 2.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| Zech 3:1–5 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 12.36 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Zechariah 3:2
And the LORD said to Satan: “The LORD rebukes you, Satan! Indeed, the LORD, who has chosen Jerusalem, rebukes you! Is not this man a firebrand snatched from the fire?”
Zechariah 3:3
Now Joshua was dressed in filthy garments as he stood before the angel.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 3:3 | Dialogue with Trypho 116.3 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Zech 3:3 | Against Marcion 3.7 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Zech 3:3–4 | Commentary on John 2.164 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Zech 3:3 | Homily on Luke 14 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Zech 3:3 | Homilies on Leviticus 9.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Zech 3:3 | Homilies on Leviticus 9.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Zech 3:3 | Lepr. 16 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Zech 3:3 | Prophetic Extracts 4.33 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Zech 3:3 | Divine Institutes 4.14.7 · Lactantius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Zech 3:3 | Demonstration of the Gospel 4.17.16 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 3:3 | Demonstration of the Gospel 4.17.18 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 3:3 | Letter 53.8 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Zech 3:3–4 | Letter 64.6 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Zech 3:3 | On the Christian Faith 3.7 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| Zech 3:3 | Exposition of Psalm 118 5.4.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Zech 3:3 | On the Mysteries 7 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387–391 |
| Zech 3:3–4 | Apologetic Book 32.11 · Orosius | echo, low confidence | ca. 415–416 |
Zechariah 3:4
So the angel said to those standing before him, “Take off his filthy clothes!” Then he said to Joshua, “See, I have removed your iniquity, and I will clothe you with splendid robes.”
Zechariah 3:5
Then I said, “Let them put a clean turban on his head.” So a clean turban was placed on his head, and they clothed him, as the angel of the LORD stood by.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 3:5 | Lepr. 16 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Zech 3:5 | Prophetic Extracts 3.23 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Zech 3:5 | Divine Institutes 4.14.8 · Lactantius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
Zechariah 3:6
Then the angel of the LORD gave this charge to Joshua:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 3:6 | Divine Institutes 4.14.8 · Lactantius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
Zechariah 3:7
“This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘If you walk in My ways and keep My instructions, then you will govern My house and will also have charge of My courts; and I will give you a place among these who are standing here.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 3:7 | Divine Institutes 4.14.9 · Lactantius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Zech 3:7 | Divine Institutes 4.14.16 · Lactantius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Zech 3:7 | On the Christian Faith 3.7 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
Zechariah 3:8
Hear now, O high priest Joshua, you and your companions seated before you, who are indeed a sign. For behold, I am going to bring My servant, the Branch.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 3:8–9 | To Quirinus 2.16 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| Zech 3:8 | Prophetic Extracts 3.23 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Zech 3:8 | Divine Institutes 4.14.9 · Lactantius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Zech 3:8 | Demonstration of the Gospel 4.17.10 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 3:8 | Demonstration of the Gospel 4.17.22 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 3:8 | Demonstration of the Gospel 7.3.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 3:8 | Letter 64.6 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Zech 3:8 | On the Christian Faith 5.8 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
Zechariah 3:9
See the stone I have set before Joshua; on that one stone are seven eyes. Behold, I will engrave on it an inscription, declares the LORD of Hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of this land in a single day.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 3:9 | To Quirinus 1.20 · Cyprian of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| Zech 3:9 | Oration 41.3 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Zech 3:9 | Letter 53.8 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Zech 3:9 | Letter 78.13 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Zech 3:9 | Letter 108.13 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |