Genesis 30 in the early church
96 passages quote, allude to, or echo Genesis 30, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 3 · 4 · 6 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 27 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 42 · 43
Genesis 30:1
When Rachel saw that she was not bearing any children for Jacob, she envied her sister. “Give me children, or I will die!” she said to Jacob.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:1–13 | On First Principles 4.2.2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Gen 30:1 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.21.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Gen 30:1 | Commentary on Matthew 1 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 353–355 |
| Gen 30:1 | Letter 22.21 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 30:1–2 | Against Jovinianus 1.5 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Gen 30:1 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.54 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:1–22 | Genesis, lines 948–972 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
| Gen 30:1–24 | City of God 16.38 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
Genesis 30:3
Then she said, “Here is my maidservant Bilhah. Sleep with her, that she may bear children for me, so that through her I too can build a family.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:3 | Homilies on Leviticus 13.4 · Origen | allusion, low confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gen 30:3 | Homilies on Matthew 3.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
| Gen 30:3 | Sermon 51.28 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Gen 30:3 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.48 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:3 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.54 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:3–13 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 1.14 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 400–401 |
| Gen 30:3 | On the Good of Marriage 17 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 401 |
| Gen 30:3 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 11.11 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
Genesis 30:4
So Rachel gave Jacob her servant Bilhah as a wife, and he slept with her,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:4 | Dialogue with Trypho 140.1 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
Genesis 30:6
Then Rachel said, “God has vindicated me; He has heard my plea and given me a son.” So she named him Dan.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:6 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 40.25.3 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Genesis 30:9
When Leah saw that she had stopped having children, she gave her servant Zilpah to Jacob as a wife.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:9 | Dialogue with Trypho 140.1 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gen 30:9 | Sermon 51.28 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Gen 30:9 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 3.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:9 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.55 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:9–13 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 1.23 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400–401 |
Genesis 30:10
And Leah’s servant Zilpah bore Jacob a son.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:10 | Homilies on Joshua 3.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gen 30:10 | Homilies on Joshua 26.3 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gen 30:10–11 | Homilies on Numbers 26.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Genesis 30:11
Then Leah said, “How fortunate!” So she named him Gad.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:11 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.21.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
Genesis 30:13
Leah said, “How happy I am! For the women call me happy.” So she named him Asher.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:13 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.21.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
Genesis 30:14
Now during the wheat harvest, Reuben went out and found some mandrakes in the field. When he brought them to his mother, Rachel begged Leah, “Please give me some of your son’s mandrakes.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:14 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.21.4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Gen 30:14 | Exposition of Psalm 118 19.24.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Gen 30:14 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.56 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:14 | Instructions 2.3 · Eucherius of Lyon | allusion, high confidence | ca. 428-434 |
Genesis 30:15
But Leah replied, “Is it not enough that you have taken away my husband? Now you want to take my son’s mandrakes as well?” “Very well,” said Rachel, “he may sleep with you tonight in exchange for your son’s mandrakes.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:15 | Exposition of Psalm 118 19.24.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Gen 30:15 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.57 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Genesis 30:16
When Jacob came in from the field that evening, Leah went out to meet him and said, “You must come with me, for I have hired you with my son’s mandrakes.” So he slept with her that night.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:16 | Letter 22.21 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 30:16 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:16 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.49 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:16 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.50 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:16 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.58 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:16 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 23.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Genesis 30:17
And God listened to Leah, and she conceived and bore a fifth son to Jacob.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:17 | Exposition of Psalm 118 19.24.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
Genesis 30:18
Then Leah said, “God has rewarded me for giving my maidservant to my husband.” So she named him Issachar.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:18 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.21.4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
Genesis 30:20
“God has given me a good gift,” she said. “This time my husband will honor me, because I have borne him six sons.” And she named him Zebulun.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:20 | Homilies on Joshua 9.6 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gen 30:20 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.21.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
Genesis 30:21
After that, Leah gave birth to a daughter and named her Dinah.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:21 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.21.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Gen 30:21 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.22.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
Genesis 30:22
Then God remembered Rachel. He listened to her and opened her womb,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:22 | Homilies on Numbers 3.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gen 30:22–24 | To Quirinus 1.20 · Cyprian of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| Gen 30:22 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.56 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:22 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.58 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 30:22–43 | Genesis, lines 973–997 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Genesis 30:23
and she conceived and gave birth to a son. “God has taken away my shame,” she said.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:23 | Protevangelium of James 6 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 150–200 |
| Gen 30:23 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.25 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
Genesis 30:24
She named him Joseph, and said, “May the LORD add to me another son.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:24 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 140 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Gen 30:24 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.21.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
Genesis 30:27
But Laban replied, “If I have found favor in your eyes, please stay. I have learned by divination that the LORD has blessed me because of you.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:27 | Fragments on Genesis, column 123 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
Genesis 30:31
“What can I give you?” Laban asked. “You do not need to give me anything,” Jacob replied. “If you do this one thing for me, I will keep on shepherding and keeping your flocks.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:31 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.18 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 30:31 | Life of Malchus 5 · Jerome | allusion, low confidence | ca. 390–392 |
Genesis 30:32
Let me go through all your flocks today and remove from them every speckled or spotted sheep, every dark-colored lamb, and every spotted or speckled goat. These will be my wages.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:32 | Dialogue with Trypho 134.5 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gen 30:32 | Against Heresies 4.21.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gen 30:32 | Commentary on the Song of Songs, fragment 5 (Song 1:8) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-235 |
| Gen 30:32 | Fragment 83 on John 11:38 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 226-254 |
| Gen 30:32–43 | Commentary on John 28.8 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
Genesis 30:33
So my honesty will testify for me when you come to check on my wages in the future. If I have any goats that are not speckled or spotted, or any lambs that are not dark-colored, they will be considered stolen.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:33 | Letter 55.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 30:33 | Letter 106.6 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Genesis 30:36
Then he put a three-day journey between himself and Jacob, while Jacob was shepherding the rest of Laban’s flocks.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:36 | The Instructor 3.10.50 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
Genesis 30:37
Jacob, however, took fresh branches of poplar, almond, and plane trees, and peeled the bark, exposing the white inner wood of the branches.
Genesis 30:38
Then he set the peeled branches in the watering troughs in front of the flocks coming in to drink. So when the flocks were in heat and came to drink,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:38 | Fragments on Genesis, column 125 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 30:38 | Oration 26.3 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gen 30:38 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.19 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 30:38 | Poem 27, lines 225–256 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Gen 30:38 | On the Trinity 3.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Gen 30:38 | City of God 18.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
Genesis 30:39
they mated in front of the branches. And they bore young that were streaked or speckled or spotted.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:39 | Poem 27, lines 225–256 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Gen 30:39 | On the Trinity 3.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Gen 30:39 | City of God 18.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
Genesis 30:42
But if the animals were weak, he did not set out the branches. So the weaker animals went to Laban and the stronger ones to Jacob.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:42 | Against Celsus 4.43 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Gen 30:42 | Poem 27, lines 225–256 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
Genesis 30:43
Thus Jacob became exceedingly prosperous. He owned large flocks, maidservants and menservants, and camels and donkeys.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 30:43 | Homilies on Leviticus 5.2 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gen 30:43 | Oration 43.58 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Gen 30:43 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.20 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Gen 30:43 | On Fleeing the World 22 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| Gen 30:43 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 126 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 5th century (disputed) |