Genesis 38 in the early church
93 passages quote, allude to, or echo Genesis 38, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 4 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 18 · 20 · 21 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30
Genesis 38:1
About that time, Judah left his brothers and settled near a man named Hirah, an Adullamite.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:1 | On the Witch of Endor 2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Gen 38:1–26 | Tractates 2.14.1 · Zeno of Verona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| Gen 38:1–5 | City of God 15.15 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
Genesis 38:4
Again she conceived and gave birth to a son, and she named him Onan.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:4 | Commentary on John 6.214 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
Genesis 38:7
But Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; so the LORD put him to death.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:7 | Homilies on Leviticus 5.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gen 38:7 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.149 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Gen 38:7 | Commentary on Romans 6.6 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Gen 38:7 | Tractates 2.14.2 · Zeno of Verona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| Gen 38:7 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.84 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Genesis 38:8
Then Judah said to Onan, “Sleep with your brother’s wife. Perform your duty as her brother-in-law and raise up offspring for your brother.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:8 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment IX (on Gen 38:10) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 38:8–10 | Tractates 2.14.3 · Zeno of Verona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| Gen 38:8–10 | Against Jovinianus 1.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| Gen 38:8–10 | Against Jovinianus 1.20 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
Genesis 38:9
But Onan knew that the offspring would not belong to him; so whenever he would sleep with his brother’s wife, he would spill his seed on the ground so that he would not produce offspring for his brother.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:9 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment IX (on Gen 38:10) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 38:9 | Fragments on Genesis, column 129 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 38:9 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.149 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Gen 38:9 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 26.11.11 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Gen 38:9 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 63.1.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Gen 38:9 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 63.1.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Gen 38:9 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.84 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 38:9 | On Adulterous Marriages 2.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 419–421 |
| Gen 38:9 | The Conferences 5.11 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Genesis 38:10
What he did was wicked in the sight of the LORD, so He put Onan to death as well.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:10 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment IX (on Gen 38:10) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 38:10 | Fragments on Genesis, column 129 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Gen 38:10 | On Adulterous Marriages 2.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 419–421 |
| Gen 38:10 | The Conferences 5.11 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Genesis 38:11
Then Judah said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, “Live as a widow in your father’s house until my son Shelah grows up.” For he thought, “He may die too, like his brothers.” So Tamar went to live in her father’s house.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:11 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment X (on Gen 38:12) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 38:11–26 | Tractates 2.14.4 · Zeno of Verona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| Gen 38:11 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.84 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Genesis 38:12
After a long time Judah’s wife, the daughter of Shua, died. When Judah had finished mourning, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite went up to his sheepshearers at Timnah.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:12 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.85 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Genesis 38:13
When Tamar was told, “Your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep,”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:13 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XI (on Gen 38:14) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
Genesis 38:14
she removed her widow’s garments, covered her face with a veil to disguise herself, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that although Shelah had grown up, she had not been given to him as a wife.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:14 | Miscellanies 1.5.31 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Gen 38:14–16 | On the Dress of Women 2.12 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 197–206 |
| Gen 38:14 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XI (on Gen 38:14) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 38:14–15 | To Quirinus 3.36 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| Gen 38:14 | Homilies on Matthew 1.5 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Gen 38:14 | Homilies on Matthew 70.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Gen 38:14 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.61 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 38:14 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.86 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 38:14 | Against Lying 30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 420 |
Genesis 38:15
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute because she had covered her face.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:15 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XII (on Gen 38:19) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 38:15 | Letter 123.12 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 38:15 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Genesis 38:16
Not realizing that she was his daughter-in-law, he went over to her and said, “Come now, let me sleep with you.” “What will you give me for sleeping with you?” she inquired.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:16 | Miscellanies 1.5.31 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Gen 38:16 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.83 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 38:16 | Against Lying 30 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 420 |
Genesis 38:18
“What pledge should I give you?” he asked. She answered, “Your seal and your cord, and the staff in your hand.” So he gave them to her and slept with her, and she became pregnant by him.
Genesis 38:20
Now when Judah sent his friend Hirah the Adullamite with the young goat to collect the items he had left with the woman, he could not find her.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:20 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.86 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Genesis 38:21
He asked the men of that place, “Where is the shrine prostitute who was beside the road at Enaim?” “No shrine prostitute has been here,” they answered.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:21 | Letter 78.35 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Genesis 38:24
About three months later, Judah was told, “Your daughter-in-law Tamar has prostituted herself, and now she is pregnant.” “Bring her out!” Judah replied. “Let her be burned to death!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:24 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XIII (on Gen 38:26) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 38:24–26 | Acta Archelai (Latin) 50 · Hegemonius | allusion, high confidence | early to mid 4th century (Greek original) |
| Gen 38:24 | Homilies on Matthew 3.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Gen 38:24 | 1 Corinthians 7:9 · Pelagius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 405–410 |
Genesis 38:25
As she was being brought out, Tamar sent a message to her father-in-law: “I am pregnant by the man to whom these items belong.” And she added, “Please examine them. Whose seal and cord and staff are these?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:25 | Dialogue with Trypho 86.6 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Gen 38:25 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XIII (on Gen 38:26) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 38:25 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.61 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Genesis 38:26
Judah recognized the items and said, “She is more righteous than I, since I did not give her to my son Shelah.” And he did not have relations with her again.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:26 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XII (on Gen 38:19) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 38:26 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment XIII (on Gen 38:26) · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Gen 38:26 | Three Letters to Sympronianus 3.20 · Pacian of Barcelona | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| Gen 38:26 | Against Helvidius 9 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 383 |
| Gen 38:26 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.61 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Gen 38:26 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.86 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Genesis 38:27
When the time came for Tamar to give birth, there were twins in her womb.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:27 | Against Heresies 4.25.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gen 38:27 | Instructions 1.39 · Commodian | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Gen 38:27 | Letter 123.12 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 38:27 | Apology of the Prophet David 11 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Gen 38:27–30 | Genesis, lines 1175–1199 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
| Gen 38:27–30 | Sermon 72 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Gen 38:27–30 | Part 2, chapter 14 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Genesis 38:28
And as she was giving birth, one of them put out his hand; so the midwife took a scarlet thread and tied it around his wrist. “This one came out first,” she announced.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:28 | Against Heresies 4.25.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gen 38:28 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.10 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Gen 38:28 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 125 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Gen 38:28 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.9.3 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, low confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Gen 38:28–30 | Letter 52.3 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 38:28 | Letter 123.12 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 38:28 | Homilies on Matthew 3.3 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Gen 38:28 | On Catechizing the Uninstructed 19 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 399–405 |
Genesis 38:29
But when he pulled his hand back and his brother came out, she said, “You have broken out first!” So he was named Perez.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:29 | Against Heresies 4.25.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Gen 38:29 | Letter 123.12 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Gen 38:29 | Apology of the Prophet David 11 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Gen 38:29 | Homilies on Matthew 3.3 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Gen 38:29 | Homilies on Matthew 3.4 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
Genesis 38:30
Then his brother came out with the scarlet thread around his wrist, and he was named Zerah.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen 38:30 | Against Heresies 4.25.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |