Exodus 7 in the early church
193 passages quote, allude to, or echo Exodus 7, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 3 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 17 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 24
Exodus 7:1
The LORD answered Moses, “See, I have made you like God to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron will be your prophet.
Exodus 7:3
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:3 | Exhortation to the Greeks 1.8 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exod 7:3 | Acts of Thomas 33 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 200–250 |
| Exod 7:3 | Against Marcion 2.14 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Exod 7:3 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:3 | Lines 861–884 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Exod 7:3 | Commentary on Romans 7.16 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Exod 7:3 | Oration 16.4 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Exod 7:3 | Homilies 9.1 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Exod 7:3 | Question 114, section 25 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Exod 7:3 | Homily 2 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 379–394 |
| Exod 7:3 | Homilies on Matthew 53.3 · John Chrysostom | allusion, low confidence | ca. 390 |
| Exod 7:3 | The Harmony of the Gospels 1.39 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Exodus 7:7
Moses was eighty years old and Aaron was eighty-three when they spoke to Pharaoh.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:7 | Miscellanies 1.21.136 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Exod 7:7 | Miscellanies 3.11.72 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Exod 7:7 | Homilies 2.16 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| Exod 7:7 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.37 · Eusebius of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
Exodus 7:8
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:8–25 | On the Life of Moses 307 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Exod 7:8–12:30 | City of God 16.43 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
Exodus 7:9
“When Pharaoh tells you, ‘Perform a miracle,’ you are to say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh,’ and it will become a serpent.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:9 | Against Heresies 3.21.8 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
Exodus 7:10
So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did just as the LORD had commanded. Aaron threw his staff down before Pharaoh and his officials, and it became a serpent.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:10–12 | On the Soul 57 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 210 |
| Exod 7:10 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 281 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | Refutation of All Heresies 5.16.8 · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Exod 7:10 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:10 | Homilies on Exodus 4.6 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:10 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:10 | Homilies on Jeremiah 19.12 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Exod 7:10 | Commentary on Matthew 17.2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Exod 7:10 | Homilies 2.33 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| Exod 7:10 | Recognitions 3.55 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Exod 7:10 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.27 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | On the Witch of Endor 9 · Eustathius of Antioch | quotation, high confidence | ca. 324–337 |
| Exod 7:10 | Catechetical Lecture 18.12 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Exod 7:10 | On the Duties of the Clergy 3.15 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | Hexameron (Exameron) 4.33 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | Homily 12 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | Sermon 8.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | The Lord's Sermon on the Mount 2.25 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–396 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | Against Jovinianus 2.17 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
| Exod 7:10 | On the Trinity 3.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 26 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| Exod 7:10 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 6.13 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | Book 1, lines 116–140 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | Book 1, section 8 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | Part 1, chapter 35 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
| Exod 7:10–12 | Part 4, chapter 13 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Exodus 7:11
But Pharaoh called the wise men and sorcerers and magicians of Egypt, and they also did the same things by their magic arts.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 69.1 · Justin Martyr | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Exod 7:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 79.4 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Exod 7:11 | On Idolatry 9 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 196–211 |
| Exod 7:11 | Homilies on Jeremiah 5.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Exod 7:11 | Against Celsus 2.50 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Exod 7:11 | Against Celsus 3.46 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Exod 7:11 | Commentary on Matthew 12.2 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Exod 7:11 | Commentary on Matthew 13.6 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Exod 7:11 | Acta Archelai (Latin) 52 · Hegemonius | allusion, low confidence | early to mid 4th century (Greek original) |
| Exod 7:11 | Recognitions 3.55 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Exod 7:11 | Recognitions 3.61 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Exod 7:11 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.8.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 7:11 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.30 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 7:11 | Tractates on the Psalms 138.4 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Exod 7:11–12 | Commentary on 2 Timothy 3:8–9 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Exod 7:11 | Commentary on Romans 8:38 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Exod 7:11 | Letter 78.38 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Exod 7:11–12 | Letter 121.11 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Exod 7:11 | Book of Heresies 101.2 · Philastrius of Brescia | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380s |
| Exod 7:11–12 | Sermon 90.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 7:11 | On the Trinity 3.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Exod 7:11–12 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 11.29 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| Exod 7:11 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 13.17 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Exod 7:11 | City of God 22.10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Exod 7:11–12 | Book 4, lines 150–174 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Exod 7:11–12 | Book 4, section 14 · Sedulius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Exod 7:11 | Retractations 1.25 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 426-427 |
Exodus 7:12
Each one threw down his staff, and it became a serpent. But Aaron’s staff swallowed up the other staffs.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:12 | Against Heresies 3.21.8 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Exod 7:12 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 281 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Exod 7:12 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 577 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Exod 7:12 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:12 | Homilies on Exodus 4.6 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:12 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:12 | Homilies on Jeremiah 19.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Exod 7:12 | Commentary on Matthew 17.2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Exod 7:12 | On the Trinity 7.10 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Exod 7:12 | Treatise on the Mysteries 1.35.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Exod 7:12 | On the Life of Moses 343 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Exod 7:12 | On the Duties of the Clergy 3.15 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Exod 7:12 | Exposition of Psalm 118 2.35.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Exod 7:12 | Letter 137.13 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Exod 7:12 | Poem 26, lines 346–378 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Exod 7:12 | On the Trinity 3.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Exod 7:12 | On the Trinity 3.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Exod 7:12 | On the Trinity 3.10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
Exodus 7:13
Still, Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:13 | Acts of Peter (Vercelli) 8 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–200 |
| Exod 7:13 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 281 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Exod 7:13 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 245 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Exod 7:13 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:13 | Homilies on Jeremiah 6.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Exod 7:13 | Lines 693–716 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Exod 7:13 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 1.144 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Exod 7:13 | Oration III Against the Arians 26 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Exod 7:13 | Oration III Against the Arians 50 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Exod 7:13 | Oration 5.2 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Exod 7:13 | Petition to the Emperors (Libellus precum) 7 · Faustinus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 383–384 |
| Exod 7:13 | Letters 49.15 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Exodus 7:14
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is unyielding; he refuses to let the people go.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:14–12:36 | On First Principles 4.3.12 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Exod 7:14 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 281 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Exod 7:14–12:30 | Against Celsus 5.59 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Exod 7:14–12:30 | Commentary on Matthew 12 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 353–355 |
| Exod 7:14 | Letters 60, 61 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, low confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Exod 7:14 | City of God 18.52 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 413–426 |
| Exod 7:14–25 | Sermon 66 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Exodus 7:15
Go to Pharaoh in the morning as you see him walking out to the water. Wait on the bank of the Nile to meet him, and take in your hand the staff that was changed into a snake.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:15 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:15 | Homilies on Exodus 4.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Exodus 7:17
This is what the LORD says: By this you will know that I am the LORD. Behold, with the staff in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will turn to blood.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:17–20 | Refutation of All Heresies 8.14.8 · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Exod 7:17–24 | On the Life of Moses 345 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
Exodus 7:19
And the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Take your staff and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt—over their rivers and canals and ponds and all the reservoirs—that they may become blood.’ There will be blood throughout the land of Egypt, even in the vessels of wood and stone.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:19–20 | Refutation of All Heresies 8.14.3 · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Exod 7:19–20 | Refutation of All Heresies 10.17.4 · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Exod 7:19 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.12 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 7:19–21 | On the Witch of Endor 9 · Eustathius of Antioch | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 324–337 |
| Exod 7:19–21 | Oration 16.10 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Exod 7:19 | On the Duties of the Clergy 3.15 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
Exodus 7:20
Moses and Aaron did just as the LORD had commanded; in the presence of Pharaoh and his officials, Aaron raised the staff and struck the water of the Nile, and all the water was turned to blood.
Exodus 7:21
The fish in the Nile died, and the river smelled so bad that the Egyptians could not drink its water. And there was blood throughout the land of Egypt.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:21 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.28 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 7:21 | On the Duties of the Clergy 3.15 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Exod 7:21 | On the Mysteries 9 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387–391 |
Exodus 7:22
But the magicians of Egypt did the same things by their magic arts. So Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:22 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:22 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 7:22 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.8.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 7:22 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.30 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 7:22 | On the Witch of Endor 9 · Eustathius of Antioch | allusion, high confidence | ca. 324–337 |
| Exod 7:22 | Letter 143.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Exod 7:22 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 26 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
Exodus 7:24
So all the Egyptians dug around the Nile for water to drink, because they could not drink the water from the river.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 7:24 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 26 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |