Exodus 8 in the early church
116 passages quote, allude to, or echo Exodus 8, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 12 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32
Exodus 8:1
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:1 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:1–24 | Oration 16.10 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Exod 8:1–14 | Book of Heresies 11.1 · Philastrius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380s |
| Exod 8:1–15 | On the Life of Moses 307 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Exod 8:1–14 | On the Life of Moses 345 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Exod 8:1–28 | Exodus, lines 272–295 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Exodus 8:2
But if you refuse to let them go, I will plague your whole country with frogs.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:2 | Commentary on Matthew 11.16 · Origen | allusion, low confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Exod 8:2–6 | Sermon 8.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 8:2–6 | City of God 16.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 413–426 |
Exodus 8:3
The Nile will teem with frogs, and they will come into your palace and up to your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:3 | Homily 3 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Exod 8:3–6 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.5 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 417–418 |
| Exod 8:3–6 | Part 1, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Exodus 8:6
So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt.
Exodus 8:7
But the magicians did the same thing by their magic arts, and they also brought frogs up onto the land of Egypt.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:7 | On the Witch of Endor 9 · Eustathius of Antioch | allusion, high confidence | ca. 324–337 |
| Exod 8:7 | Sermon 90.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 8:7 | On the Trinity 3.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Exod 8:7 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 26 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
Exodus 8:8
Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray to the LORD to take the frogs away from me and my people. Then I will let your people go, that they may sacrifice to the LORD.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:8 | On Prayer 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Exod 8:8 | Homilies on Exodus 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:8 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:8 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.29 · Eusebius of Caesarea | echo, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 8:8 | On the Witch of Endor 9 · Eustathius of Antioch | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 324–337 |
| Exod 8:8 | Exposition of Psalm 118 8.16.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
Exodus 8:9
Moses said to Pharaoh, “You may have the honor over me. When shall I pray for you and your officials and your people that the frogs (except for those in the Nile) may be taken away from you and your houses?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:9 | On Prayer 3.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Exod 8:9–10 | On Cain and Abel 1.33 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
Exodus 8:12
After Moses and Aaron had left Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the LORD for help with the frogs that He had brought against Pharaoh.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:12 | Homilies 2.33 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| Exod 8:12–14 | On the Life of Moses 347 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
Exodus 8:15
When Pharaoh saw that there was relief, however, he hardened his heart and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:15 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:15 | History of the Arians 30 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357 |
| Exod 8:15 | On Cain and Abel 1.33 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 375-378 |
Exodus 8:16
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the earth, that it may turn into swarms of gnats throughout the land of Egypt.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:16 | On Prayer 3.3 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Exod 8:16–17 | Demonstration 14.36 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Exod 8:16 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.66.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Exod 8:16–32 | On the Life of Moses 349 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 385–395 |
| Exod 8:16–17 | Sermon 8.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 8:16 | Sermon 278.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 8:16–18 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.6 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 417–418 |
| Exod 8:16 | Instructions 2.11 · Eucherius of Lyon | allusion, high confidence | ca. 428-434 |
| Exod 8:16–19 | Part 1, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Exodus 8:17
This they did, and when Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the earth, gnats came upon man and beast. All the dust of the earth turned into gnats throughout the land of Egypt.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:17 | Homilies on Exodus 4.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:17 | Homilies on Exodus 4.6 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:17 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:17 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.32 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 8:17 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.69.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Exod 8:17 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.10 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 417–418 |
Exodus 8:18
The magicians tried to produce gnats using their magic arts, but they could not. And the gnats remained on man and beast.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:18 | Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:18 | Recognitions 3.55 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Exod 8:18–19 | Commentary on 2 Timothy 3:8–9 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Exod 8:18 | Letter 137.13 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Exod 8:18–19 | Sermon 8.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 8:18 | On the Trinity 3.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Exod 8:18 | City of God 10.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Exod 8:18 | City of God 22.10 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 413–426 |
Exodus 8:19
“This is the finger of God,” the magicians said to Pharaoh. But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:19 | Against Heresies 3.21.8 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Exod 8:19 | Against Heresies 4.29.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Exod 8:19 | Against Marcion 4.26 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Exod 8:19 | Homilies on Exodus 3.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:19 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:19 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:19 | Homilies on Exodus 4.8 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:19 (8:15 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 3.2.23 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Exod 8:19 | On the Trinity 7.10 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 356–360 |
| Exod 8:19 | Letters to Serapion 4.22 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Exod 8:19 | Tractates on the Psalms 135.7 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Exod 8:19 | Question 97, section 20 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Exod 8:19 | Question 127, section 13 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Exod 8:19 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.26 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Exod 8:19 | Letter 55.29 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Exod 8:19 | Sermon 8.13 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 8:19 (8:15 Vulg.) | Sermon 155.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 8:19 | On the Trinity 3.7 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Exod 8:19 | On the Trinity 3.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–419 |
| Exod 8:19 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.85 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 399–400 |
Exodus 8:20
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, and when Pharaoh goes out to the water, stand before him and tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:20 | PG 12:1227 (Ps 17 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Exod 8:20–21 (8:16-Exod LXX) | Commentary on John 10.77 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Exod 8:20 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Exodus 8:21
But if you will not let My people go, I will send swarms of flies upon you and your officials and your people and your houses. The houses of the Egyptians and even the ground where they stand will be full of flies.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:21 (8:17 LXX) | Commentary on John 10.78 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Exod 8:21 | Passion of Marian and James 12 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 259 |
| Exod 8:21 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.31 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 8:21 | Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.12 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Exod 8:21–24 | Sermon 8.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 8:21–24 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.7 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 417–418 |
| Exod 8:21–24 | Part 1, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Exodus 8:22
But on that day I will give special treatment to the land of Goshen, where My people live; no swarms of flies will be found there. In this way you will know that I, the LORD, am in the land.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:22 | Heads against Gaius, fragment III (on Rev 9:2-3) · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 200-235 |
| Exod 8:22–23 (8:18-Exod LXX) | Commentary on John 10.79 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Exod 8:22 | Letter 143.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Exodus 8:24
And the LORD did so. Thick swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials. Throughout Egypt the land was ruined by swarms of flies.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:24 | Homilies on Exodus 4.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:24 | Homilies on Exodus 4.6 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:24 | Sermon 278.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Exod 8:24 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 1.15 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Exod 8:24 | Homilies on the First Epistle of John 8.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 407 |
| Exod 8:24 | Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.11 · Orosius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 417–418 |
Exodus 8:25
Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within this land.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:25 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:25–26 | Demonstration 15.3 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
Exodus 8:26
But Moses replied, “It would not be right to do that, because the sacrifices we offer to the LORD our God would be detestable to the Egyptians. If we offer sacrifices that are detestable before the Egyptians, will they not stone us?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:26 | On Cain and Abel 1.24 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 375-378 |
Exodus 8:28
Pharaoh answered, “I will let you go and sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray for me.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:28 | On First Principles 3.1.11 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Exod 8:28 | On Prayer 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Exod 8:28 | Homilies on Exodus 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:28 | Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:28 | Homilies on Exodus 4.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:28 | Homilies on Exodus 5.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Exodus 8:29
“As soon as I leave you,” Moses said, “I will pray to the LORD, so that tomorrow the swarms of flies will depart from Pharaoh and his officials and his people. But Pharaoh must not act deceitfully again by refusing to let the people go and sacrifice to the LORD.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:29 | On Prayer 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Exod 8:29–32 | Exodus, lines 296–318 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Exodus 8:30
Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the LORD,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:30 | On Prayer 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
Exodus 8:31
and the LORD did as Moses requested. He removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not one fly remained.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:31 | On the Trinity 7.10 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–360 |
Exodus 8:32
But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time as well, and he would not let the people go.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exod 8:32 | Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Exod 8:32 | On Grace and Free Will 23 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426 |