Exodus 8 in the early church

116 passages quote, allude to, or echo Exodus 8, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 12 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32

Exodus 8:1

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:1Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:1–24Oration 16.10 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 8:1–14Book of Heresies 11.1 · Philastrius of Bresciaallusion, high confidenceca. 380s
Exod 8:1–15On the Life of Moses 307 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 8:1–14On the Life of Moses 345 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 8:1–28Exodus, lines 272–295 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Exodus 8:2

But if you refuse to let them go, I will plague your whole country with frogs.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:2Commentary on Matthew 11.16 · Origenallusion, low confidenceca. 246–248
Exod 8:2–6Sermon 8.2 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 8:2–6City of God 16.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidence413–426

Exodus 8:3

The Nile will teem with frogs, and they will come into your palace and up to your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:3Homily 3 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 390–394
Exod 8:3–6Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.5 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 8:3–6Part 1, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

Exodus 8:6

So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:6Homilies on Exodus 4.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:6Homilies on Exodus 4.6 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:6Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.32 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 8:6Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.12 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 8:6Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.69.1 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, high confidence374-377
Exod 8:6Homilies on Matthew 65.6 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Exod 8:6Tractates on the Gospel of John 1.15 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 8:6Homilies on the First Epistle of John 8.7 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 407
Exod 8:6City of God 12.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidence413–426
Exod 8:6Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.10 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418

Exodus 8:7

But the magicians did the same thing by their magic arts, and they also brought frogs up onto the land of Egypt.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:7On the Witch of Endor 9 · Eustathius of Antiochallusion, high confidenceca. 324–337
Exod 8:7Sermon 90.5 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 8:7On the Trinity 3.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 399–419
Exod 8:7Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 26 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence5th century (disputed)

Exodus 8:8

Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray to the LORD to take the frogs away from me and my people. Then I will let your people go, that they may sacrifice to the LORD.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:8On Prayer 3.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–234
Exod 8:8Homilies on Exodus 3.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:8Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:8Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.29 · Eusebius of Caesareaecho, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 8:8On the Witch of Endor 9 · Eustathius of Antiochallusion, medium confidenceca. 324–337
Exod 8:8Exposition of Psalm 118 8.16.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397

Exodus 8:9

Moses said to Pharaoh, “You may have the honor over me. When shall I pray for you and your officials and your people that the frogs (except for those in the Nile) may be taken away from you and your houses?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:9On Prayer 3.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–234
Exod 8:9–10On Cain and Abel 1.33 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 375-378

Exodus 8:12

After Moses and Aaron had left Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the LORD for help with the frogs that He had brought against Pharaoh.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:12Homilies 2.33 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence4th century (reworking earlier material)
Exod 8:12–14On the Life of Moses 347 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395

Exodus 8:15

When Pharaoh saw that there was relief, however, he hardened his heart and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:15Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:15History of the Arians 30 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357
Exod 8:15On Cain and Abel 1.33 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 375-378

Exodus 8:16

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the earth, that it may turn into swarms of gnats throughout the land of Egypt.’”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:16On Prayer 3.3 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 233–234
Exod 8:16–17Demonstration 14.36 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Exod 8:16Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.66.4 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, high confidence374-377
Exod 8:16–32On the Life of Moses 349 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 8:16–17Sermon 8.3 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 8:16Sermon 278.12 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 8:16–18Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.6 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 8:16Instructions 2.11 · Eucherius of Lyonallusion, high confidenceca. 428-434
Exod 8:16–19Part 1, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

Exodus 8:17

This they did, and when Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the earth, gnats came upon man and beast. All the dust of the earth turned into gnats throughout the land of Egypt.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:17Homilies on Exodus 4.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:17Homilies on Exodus 4.6 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:17Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:17Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.32 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 8:17Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.69.2 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, high confidence374-377
Exod 8:17Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.10 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418

Exodus 8:18

The magicians tried to produce gnats using their magic arts, but they could not. And the gnats remained on man and beast.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:18Homilies on Numbers 13.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:18Recognitions 3.55 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceGreek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407
Exod 8:18–19Commentary on 2 Timothy 3:8–9 · Ambrosiasterallusion, medium confidenceca. 366–384
Exod 8:18Letter 137.13 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–430
Exod 8:18–19Sermon 8.12 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 8:18On the Trinity 3.7 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 399–419
Exod 8:18City of God 10.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence413–426
Exod 8:18City of God 22.10 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidence413–426

Exodus 8:19

“This is the finger of God,” the magicians said to Pharaoh. But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:19Against Heresies 3.21.8 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
Exod 8:19Against Heresies 4.29.2 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
Exod 8:19Against Marcion 4.26 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Exod 8:19Homilies on Exodus 3.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:19Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:19Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:19Homilies on Exodus 4.8 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:19 (8:15 LXX)Demonstration of the Gospel 3.2.23 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Exod 8:19On the Trinity 7.10 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 356–360
Exod 8:19Letters to Serapion 4.22 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 357–360
Exod 8:19Tractates on the Psalms 135.7 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 8:19Question 97, section 20 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
Exod 8:19Question 127, section 13 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
Exod 8:19On the Duties of the Clergy 1.26 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–390
Exod 8:19Letter 55.29 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Exod 8:19Sermon 8.13 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 8:19 (8:15 Vulg.)Sermon 155.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 8:19On the Trinity 3.7 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 399–419
Exod 8:19On the Trinity 3.9 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 399–419
Exod 8:19The Harmony of the Gospels 2.85 · Augustine of Hippoecho, low confidenceca. 399–400

Exodus 8:20

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, and when Pharaoh goes out to the water, stand before him and tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:20PG 12:1227 (Ps 17 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Exod 8:20–21 (8:16-Exod LXX)Commentary on John 10.77 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Exod 8:20Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Exodus 8:21

But if you will not let My people go, I will send swarms of flies upon you and your officials and your people and your houses. The houses of the Egyptians and even the ground where they stand will be full of flies.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:21 (8:17 LXX)Commentary on John 10.78 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Exod 8:21Passion of Marian and James 12 · Anonymousecho, low confidence259
Exod 8:21Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.31 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 8:21Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.12 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 8:21–24Sermon 8.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 8:21–24Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.7 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 8:21–24Part 1, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

Exodus 8:22

But on that day I will give special treatment to the land of Goshen, where My people live; no swarms of flies will be found there. In this way you will know that I, the LORD, am in the land.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:22Heads against Gaius, fragment III (on Rev 9:2-3) · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, medium confidenceca. 200-235
Exod 8:22–23 (8:18-Exod LXX)Commentary on John 10.79 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Exod 8:22Letter 143.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–430

Exodus 8:24

And the LORD did so. Thick swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials. Throughout Egypt the land was ruined by swarms of flies.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:24Homilies on Exodus 4.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:24Homilies on Exodus 4.6 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:24Sermon 278.12 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 8:24Tractates on the Gospel of John 1.15 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 406–420
Exod 8:24Homilies on the First Epistle of John 8.7 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 407
Exod 8:24Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.11 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418

Exodus 8:25

Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within this land.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:25Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:25–26Demonstration 15.3 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345

Exodus 8:26

But Moses replied, “It would not be right to do that, because the sacrifices we offer to the LORD our God would be detestable to the Egyptians. If we offer sacrifices that are detestable before the Egyptians, will they not stone us?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:26On Cain and Abel 1.24 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 375-378

Exodus 8:28

Pharaoh answered, “I will let you go and sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray for me.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:28On First Principles 3.1.11 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Exod 8:28On Prayer 3.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–234
Exod 8:28Homilies on Exodus 3.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:28Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:28Homilies on Exodus 4.9 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:28Homilies on Exodus 5.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Exodus 8:29

“As soon as I leave you,” Moses said, “I will pray to the LORD, so that tomorrow the swarms of flies will depart from Pharaoh and his officials and his people. But Pharaoh must not act deceitfully again by refusing to let the people go and sacrifice to the LORD.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:29On Prayer 3.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–234
Exod 8:29–32Exodus, lines 296–318 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Exodus 8:30

Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the LORD,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:30On Prayer 3.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–234

Exodus 8:31

and the LORD did as Moses requested. He removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not one fly remained.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:31On the Trinity 7.10 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 356–360

Exodus 8:32

But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time as well, and he would not let the people go.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 8:32Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 8:32On Grace and Free Will 23 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 426