Psalms 50 in the early church

337 passages quote, allude to, or echo Psalms 50, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23

Psalms 50:1

A Psalm of Asaph. The Mighty One, God the LORD, speaks and summons the earth from where the sun rises to where it sets.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.7 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Against Heresies 3.6.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)PG 12:1443 (Ps 48–49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)PG 12:1445 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Commentary on John 1.212 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Commentary on John 2.17 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Homilies on Exodus 8.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Against Celsus 8.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Against Celsus 8.4 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 248
Ps 50:1–6 (49:1-Ps Vulg.)To Quirinus 2.28 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Homilies 16.6 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence4th century (reworking earlier material)
Ps 50:1–3 (49:1-Ps LXX)Demonstration of the Gospel 6.3.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Ps 50:1–3 (49:1-Ps LXX)Demonstration of the Gospel 6.3.3 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 314–324
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Letter to Marcellinus 26 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceuncertain, after 335
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia 49 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidence359 (additions 361)
Ps 50:1 (49:1 Vulg.)Three Letters to Sympronianus 3.27 · Pacian of Barcelonaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-390
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Commentary on Galatians 4.8 · Marius Victorinusallusion, medium confidenceca. 360–363
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Against Parmenian the Donatist 2.1 · Optatus of Milevisquotation, high confidenceca. 366–385
Ps 50:1–23 (49:1-Ps LXX)Psalm 49 · Apollinaris of Laodiceaquotation, high confidenceuncertain (fourth to sixth century)
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Expositio fidei 1 · Eunomius of Cyzicusallusion, low confidence383
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 47 · Evagrius of Gaulquotation, high confidenceca. 400
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Letter 76.1 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Letter 93.19 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Letter 93.50 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)Letter 105.14 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:1 (49:1 Vulg.)Sermon 295.5 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:1 (49:1 Vulg.)Sermon 358.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:1 (49:1 LXX)City of God 9.23 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Ps 50:1 (49:1 Vulg.)Part 3, chapter 35 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Psalms 50:2

From Zion, perfect in beauty, God shines forth.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:2 (49:2 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.7 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:2 (49:2 LXX)PG 12:1445 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:2 (49:2 LXX)Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 47 · Evagrius of Gaulquotation, high confidenceca. 400
Ps 50:2 (49:2 LXX)Letter 76.1 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430

Psalms 50:3

Our God approaches and will not be silent! Consuming fire precedes Him, and a tempest rages around Him.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.7 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Against Heresies 3.6.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Against Heresies 5.18.3 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)PG 12:1445 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)On Rebaptism 17 · Anonymousecho, low confidenceca. 250–258 (disputed)
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)On the Good of Patience 22 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence256
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)On the Good of Patience 23 · Cyprian of Carthageallusion, medium confidence256
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Letter to Marcellinus 5 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceuncertain, after 335
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Catechetical Lecture 15.21 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Defence of His Flight 20 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 357
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Letters 46, 47 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 357–378
Ps 50:3Chapter 4 · Nicetas, bishop of Remesianaallusion, medium confidenceca. 380–414
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Book of Heresies 92.3 · Philastrius of Bresciaquotation, high confidenceca. 380s
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)On the Complaints of Job and David 4.22 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 383-390
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 47 · Evagrius of Gaulquotation, high confidenceca. 400
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)Sermon 17.1 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)Sermon 17.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)Sermon 18.1 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)Sermon 18.4 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)Sermon 263.1 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)Sermon 299.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)Tractates 5 · Gaudentius of Bresciaquotation, high confidenceca. 397-410
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Tractates on the Gospel of John 4.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 406–420
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Tractates on the Gospel of John 28.6 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 406–420
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Tractates on the Gospel of John 28.11 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 406–420
Ps 50:3 (49:3 LXX)Tractates on the Gospel of John 37.10 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 406–420
Ps 50:3–5 (49:3-Ps LXX)City of God 20.24 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)Part 2, chapter 22 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, medium confidenceca. 445-450
Ps 50:3 (49:3 Vulg.)Part 4, chapter 17 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Psalms 50:4

He summons the heavens above, and the earth, that He may judge His people:

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:4 (49:4 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.7 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:4 (49:4 LXX)Against Heresies 5.18.3 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Ps 50:4 (49:4 LXX)PG 12:1445 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:4 (49:4 Vulg.)On the Good of Patience 22 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence256
Ps 50:4 (49:4 LXX)Letter to Marcellinus 8 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceuncertain, after 335
Ps 50:4 (49:4 LXX)On the Holy Spirit 13.30 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 374–375
Ps 50:4 (49:4 LXX)Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 47 · Evagrius of Gaulquotation, high confidenceca. 400
Ps 50:4–6 (49:4-Ps Vulg.)Part 4, chapter 19 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Psalms 50:5

“Gather to Me My saints, who made a covenant with Me by sacrifice.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:5 (49:5 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.7 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:5 (49:5 LXX)PG 12:1445 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:5 (49:5 LXX)PG 12:1447 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:5 (49:5 Vulg.)On the Good of Patience 22 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence256
Ps 50:5 (49:5 LXX)Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 47 · Evagrius of Gaulquotation, high confidenceca. 400

Psalms 50:6

And the heavens proclaim His righteousness, for God Himself is Judge. Selah

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:6 (49:6 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.7 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:6 (49:6 LXX)PG 12:1445 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:6 (49:6 Vulg.)On the Good of Patience 22 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence256
Ps 50:6 (49:6 LXX)Letter to Marcellinus 8 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceuncertain, after 335
Ps 50:6 (49:6 LXX)Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 47 · Evagrius of Gaulquotation, high confidenceca. 400

Psalms 50:7

“Hear, O My people, and I will speak, O Israel, and I will testify against you: I am God, your God.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:7 (49:7 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.8 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:7 (49:7 LXX)PG 12:1145 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:7–8 (49:7-Ps LXX)Demonstration of the Gospel 6.3.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Ps 50:7 (49:7 LXX)Tractates 1.15.1 · Zeno of Veronaquotation, high confidenceca. 362-380
Ps 50:7 (49:7 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 8.11.2 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:7 (49:7 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 15.2.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:7 (49:7 Vulg.)On the Governance of God 4.3 · Salvian of Marseillesquotation, high confidenceca. 439-451

Psalms 50:8

I do not rebuke you for your sacrifices, and your burnt offerings are ever before Me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:8 (49:8 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.8 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:8 (49:8 LXX)PG 12:1145 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:8 (49:8 LXX)PG 12:1447 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:8 (49:8 LXX)Letter 149.2 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419

Psalms 50:9

I have no need for a bull from your stall or goats from your pens,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:9 (49:9 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.8 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:9 (49:9 LXX)Against Heresies 4.17.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Ps 50:9 (49:9 LXX)PG 12:1145 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:9–15 (49:9-Ps LXX)Demonstration of the Gospel 6.3.2 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Ps 50:9 (49:9 Vulg.)Tractates on the Psalms 65.24 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ps 50:9 (49:9 LXX)Letter 149.2 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:9 (49:9 LXX)Apostolic Constitutions 6.22.4 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ps 50:9 (49:9 LXX)On Naboth 67 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
Ps 50:9 (49:9 LXX)Letter 138.7 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:9 (49:9 LXX)Letter 140.46 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:9 (49:9 LXX)Homily 9 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 390–394
Ps 50:9–13 (49:9-Ps Vulg.)Against Faustus the Manichaean 6.5 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 398–400
Ps 50:9–14 (49:9-Ps LXX)Commonitorium 1.61–90 · Orientius of Auchquotation, high confidenceca. 420-450
Ps 50:9–12 (49:9-Ps Vulg.)Sermon 10 · Peter Chrysologusquotation, high confidenceca. 425-450
Ps 50:9 (49:9 Vulg.)Part 1, chapter 21 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Psalms 50:10

for every beast of the forest is Mine—the cattle on a thousand hills.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:10 (49:10 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.8 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:10 (49:10 LXX)Against Heresies 4.17.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Ps 50:10 (49:10 LXX)PG 12:1145 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:10 (49:10 LXX)PG 12:1447 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:10 (49:10 LXX)Commentary on Romans 6.13 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ps 50:10 (49:10 LXX)On Naboth 67 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390

Psalms 50:11

I know every bird in the mountains, and the creatures of the field are Mine.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:11 (49:11 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.8 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:11 (49:11 LXX)PG 12:1145 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:11 (49:11 LXX)On Jacob and the Happy Life 2.3 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
Ps 50:11 (49:11 LXX)Hexameron (Exameron) 3.36 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Ps 50:11 (49:11 LXX)Sermon 37.8 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:11 (49:11 LXX)Sermon 222.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430

Psalms 50:12

If I were hungry, I would not tell you, for the world is Mine, and the fullness thereof.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:12 (49:12 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.9 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:12 (49:12 LXX)Against Heresies 4.17.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Ps 50:12 (49:12 LXX)PG 12:1145 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:12–13 (49:12-Ps LXX)Against the Nations 7.3 · Arnobius of Siccaecho, low confidenceca. 297–303
Ps 50:12 (49:12 LXX)Oration 4.28 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Ps 50:12–15 (49:12-Ps LXX)Tractates 1.15.1 · Zeno of Veronaquotation, high confidenceca. 362-380
Ps 50:12 (49:12 LXX)Apostolic Constitutions 6.20.5 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ps 50:12–14 (49:12-Ps LXX)Apostolic Constitutions 6.22.4 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ps 50:12 (49:12 LXX)On Naboth 67 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
Ps 50:12 (49:12 LXX)Homilies on Matthew 30.3 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Ps 50:12 (49:12 LXX)City of God 10.5 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426

Psalms 50:13

Do I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)Sibylline Oracles 8.381ff. · Anonymousecho, medium confidence2nd-3rd cent.
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.9 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)Against Heresies 4.17.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Ps 50:13 (49:13 Vulg.)Against Marcion 2.22 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)PG 12:1145 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)PG 12:1447 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)Homilies on Numbers 17.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ps 50:13–15 (49:13-Ps Vulg.)To Quirinus 1.16 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Ps 50:13–14Demonstration 2.6 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Ps 50:13–15Demonstration 15.6 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Ps 50:13 (49:13 Vulg.)Tractates on the Psalms 65.24 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)Letter 149.2 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.12.3 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)Homily 9 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 390–394
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)Against Vigilantius 8 · Jeromeallusion, low confidence406
Ps 50:13 (49:13 LXX)City of God 10.5 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426

Psalms 50:14

Sacrifice a thank offering to God, and fulfill your vows to the Most High.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)1 Clement 52.3 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.9 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Against Heresies 4.17.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Miscellanies 2.18.96 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 198–203
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Miscellanies 4.18.113 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203
Ps 50:14 (49:14 Vulg.)Against the Jews 5 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 197–207
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)PG 12:1145 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Homilies on Leviticus 2.5 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Homilies on Numbers 11.9 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Homilies on Numbers 23.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ps 50:14–15 (49:14-Ps Vulg.)To Quirinus 3.30 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Ps 50:14–15 (49:14-Ps LXX)Demonstration of the Gospel 1.10.33 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Demonstration of the Gospel 1.10.36 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 314–324
Ps 50:14Demonstration 4.18 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Ps 50:14 (49:14 Vulg.)Tractates on the Psalms 62.8 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Oration 2.40 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Oration 16.2 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Tractates 1.15.2 · Zeno of Veronaquotation, high confidenceca. 362-380
Ps 50:14–15 (49:14-Ps LXX)Tractates 1.15.4 · Zeno of Veronaquotation, high confidenceca. 362-380
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Letter 106.79 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)On the Holy Spirit 26.62 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 374–375
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Ancoratus 23.4 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374
Ps 50:14 (49:14 Vulg.)On Cain and Abel 1.34 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 375-378
Ps 50:14 (49:14 Vulg.)On Virgins 2.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 377
Ps 50:14 (49:14 Vulg.)Chapter 5 · Nicetas, bishop of Remesianaallusion, high confidenceca. 380–414
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Book of Heresies 110.6 · Philastrius of Bresciaquotation, high confidenceca. 380s
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)On Naboth 67 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)On the Duties of the Clergy 1.10 · Ambroseallusion, low confidenceca. 386–390
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 14.24.5 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Letter 36.18 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Letter 58.2 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, low confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Letter 140.46 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Homilies on Matthew 16.9 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)Homily 9 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, medium confidenceca. 390–394
Ps 50:14 (49:14 Vulg.)Poem 18, lines 415–447 · Paulinus of Nolaecho, medium confidenceca. 393–431
Ps 50:14 (49:14 Vulg.)Letters 16.9 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413
Ps 50:14 (49:14 Vulg.)Letters 19.2 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413
Ps 50:14 (49:14 Vulg.)Letters 28.6 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)On the Christian Life 9 · Fastidiusquotation, high confidenceca. 411-430
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)On the Spirit and the Letter 22 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidence412
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)City of God 10.5 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Ps 50:14 (49:14 LXX)The Conferences 9.36 · John Cassianallusion, medium confidenceca. 426–429

Psalms 50:15

Call upon Me in the day of trouble; I will deliver you, and you will honor Me.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:15 (49:15 LXX)1 Clement 52.3 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Ps 50:15 (49:15 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.9 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:15 (49:15 LXX)Against Heresies 4.17.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Ps 50:15 (49:15 LXX)Miscellanies 4.18.113 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203
Ps 50:15 (49:15 LXX)PG 12:1145 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:15 (49:15 LXX)Passion of Montanus and Lucius 7 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence259
Ps 50:15 (49:15 LXX)On the Work of Monks 35 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 400–401
Ps 50:15 (49:15 LXX)City of God 10.5 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Ps 50:15 (49:15 LXX)The Conferences 13.11 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Ps 50:15 (49:15 Vulg.)Chapter 9 · Prosper of Aquitainequotation, high confidenceca. 432-433

Psalms 50:16

To the wicked, however, God says, “What right have you to recite My statutes and to bear My covenant on your lips?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)1 Clement 35.7 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.9 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:16 (49:16 Vulg.)On Modesty 18 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 210–220
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)PG 12:1447 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Homilies on Leviticus 7.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Homilies on Leviticus 8.10 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Commentary on Matthew 15.13 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 246–248
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Commentary on Romans 3.7 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ps 50:16–17 (49:16-Ps Vulg.)To Quirinus 3.66 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Ps 50:16–18 (49:16-Ps Vulg.)Letter 63.18 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Ps 50:16 (49:16 Vulg.)On the Dress of Virgins 1 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 249
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)To the Bishops of Egypt 3 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 356
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Life of Antony 26 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 357–360
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia 39 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidence359 (additions 361)
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Homilies on the Psalms 32.1 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-378
Ps 50:16 (49:16 Vulg.)Tractates on the Psalms 118.6.5 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ps 50:16–17 (49:16-Ps Vulg.)Tractates on the Psalms 118.11.6 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ps 50:16–20 (49:16-Ps LXX)Against Parmenian the Donatist 4.3 · Optatus of Milevisquotation, high confidenceca. 366–385
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Against Parmenian the Donatist 4.4 · Optatus of Milevisquotation, medium confidenceca. 366–385
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Letter 65.6 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Letter 133.10 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.2.9 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Ps 50:16 (49:16 Vulg.)Chapter 13 · Nicetas, bishop of Remesianaquotation, high confidenceca. 380–414
Ps 50:16 (49:16 Vulg.)Apology of the Prophet David 78 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 384-390
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 1.6.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 2.24.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 6.27.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 6.28.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 6.28.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 11.20.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 11.20.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 22.25.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.41.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.32.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.46.3 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)On Baptism, against the Donatists 7.29 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 400–401
Ps 50:16–20 (49:16-Ps LXX)Against the Letter of Parmenian 2.18 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 400
Ps 50:16 (49:16 LXX)The Conferences 14.16 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Psalms 50:17

For you hate My instruction and cast My words behind you.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:17–20 (49:17-Ps LXX)1 Clement 35.8 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Ps 50:17 (49:17 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.9 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:17 (49:17 LXX)PG 12:1447 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:17 (49:17 LXX)Homilies on Leviticus 7.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ps 50:17 (49:17 LXX)Commentary on Matthew 12.22 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 246–248
Ps 50:17 (49:17 LXX)Commentary on Romans 4.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ps 50:17–18 (49:17-Ps Vulg.)Letter 67.9 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Ps 50:17 (49:17 Vulg.)On the Dress of Virgins 1 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 249
Ps 50:17 (49:17 LXX)Letter 133.10 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:17 (49:17 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 7.25.3 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:17 (49:17 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 13.27.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:17 (49:17 LXX)Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.44.1 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-397
Ps 50:17 (49:17 LXX)Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.52.1 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-397
Ps 50:17 (49:17 Vulg.)Letters 38.5 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413
Ps 50:17–20 (49:17-Ps LXX)Against the Letter of Parmenian 2.19 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 400

Psalms 50:18

When you see a thief, you befriend him, and throw in your lot with adulterers.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Epistle of the Apostles 35 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 140-170
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.10 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:18 (49:18 Vulg.)On the Shows 15 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 197–202
Ps 50:18 (49:18 Vulg.)On Modesty 18 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 210–220
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)PG 12:1447 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Commentary on Matthew 15.13 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 246–248
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Commentary on Romans 9.21 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ps 50:18 (49:18 Vulg.)To Quirinus 3.68 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Catechetical Lecture 16.6 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, medium confidenceca. 350
Ps 50:18 (49:18 Vulg.)Three Letters to Sympronianus 3.19 · Pacian of Barcelonaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-390
Ps 50:18–20 (49:18-Ps LXX)Against Parmenian the Donatist 1.3 · Optatus of Milevisallusion, high confidenceca. 366–385
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Against Parmenian the Donatist 4.6 · Optatus of Milevisquotation, high confidenceca. 366–385
Ps 50:18 (49:18 Vulg.)Question 102, section 25 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Letter 109.2 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Apostolic Constitutions 6.18.6 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Ps 50:18 (49:18 Vulg.)Letter 1 to Himerius of Tarragona, chapter 8 · Siricius, bishop of Romequotation, high confidence385
Ps 50:18 (49:18 Vulg.)Letter 5 to the bishops of Africa, chapter 2 · Siricius, bishop of Romequotation, high confidence385
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 11.20.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 13.27.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Letter 87.3 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Letter 108.8 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Letter 108.13 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)On Baptism, against the Donatists 7.29 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 400–401
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Letter 2, inscription and introduction · Innocent I, bishop of Romequotation, high confidence401–417
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Apology against Rufinus 2.11 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 401–402
Ps 50:18 (49:18 LXX)Celestine, ACO I.2, letter 25.9 · Celestine I, bishop of Romeallusion, high confidence430-432

Psalms 50:19

You unleash your mouth for evil and harness your tongue to deceit.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:19 (49:19 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.10 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:19–20 (49:19-Ps Vulg.)Letter 45.2 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Ps 50:19 (49:19 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 11.20.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:19 (49:19 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 13.27.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397

Psalms 50:20

You sit and malign your brother; you slander your own mother’s son.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Epistle of the Apostles 35 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 140-170
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.10 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)PG 12:1447 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Homilies on Numbers 7.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Homilies on Numbers 27.8 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ps 50:20 (49:20 Vulg.)To Quirinus 3.107 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Against Parmenian the Donatist 4.5 · Optatus of Milevisquotation, high confidenceca. 366–385
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Letter 22.37 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Letter 50.1 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:20–21 (49:20-Ps LXX)Letter 52.14 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Letter 106.30 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Letter 125.19 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Exposition of Psalm 118 13.27.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Letter 93.20 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:20 (49:20 LXX)Letter 93.21 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:20–21 (49:20-Ps LXX)Apology against Rufinus 1.31 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 401–402

Psalms 50:21

You have done these things, and I kept silent; you thought I was just like you. But now I rebuke you and accuse you to your face.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)1 Clement 35.9 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)1 Clement 35.10 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)Epistle of the Apostles 35 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 140-170
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.10 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)Miscellanies 4.24.153 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)Miscellanies 6.14.114 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)PG 12:1445 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)PG 12:1447 (Ps 49 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)PG 12:1449 (Ps 49–50 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)Catechetical Lecture 15.1 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Ps 50:21 (49:21 Vulg.)Tractates on the Psalms 149.4 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)Oration 16.8 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ps 50:21 (49:21 LXX)Homilies 13.4 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 363-378
Ps 50:21 (49:21 Vulg.)Chapter 13 · Nicetas, bishop of Remesianaquotation, high confidenceca. 380–414
Ps 50:21 (49:21 Vulg.)Sermon 9.1 · Augustine of Hippoecho, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:21 (49:21 Vulg.)Sermon 17.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:21 (49:21 Vulg.)Sermon 17.4 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:21 (49:21 Vulg.)Sermon 17.5 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:21 (49:21 Vulg.)Sermon 17.6 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:21 (49:21 Vulg.)Sermon 47.5 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:21 (49:21 Vulg.)Sermon 351.7 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:21 (49:21 Vulg.)Confessions 8.16 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 397–401

Psalms 50:22

Now consider this, you who forget God, lest I tear you to pieces, with no one to rescue you:

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:22 (49:22 LXX)1 Clement 35.11 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Ps 50:22 (49:22 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.10 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:22 (49:22 LXX)PG 12:1449 (Ps 49–50 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:22 (49:22 LXX)Letter 106.30 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:22 (49:22 Vulg.)Sermon 153.9 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430

Psalms 50:23

He who sacrifices a thank offering honors Me, and to him who rightly orders his way, I will show the salvation of God.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ps 50:23 (49:23 LXX)1 Clement 35.12 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Ps 50:23 (49:23 LXX)Dialogue with Trypho 22.10 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ps 50:23 (49:23 LXX)PG 12:1449 (Ps 49–50 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ps 50:23 (49:23 Vulg.)To Quirinus 1.16 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Ps 50:23 (49:23 Vulg.)Tractates on the Psalms 62.8 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ps 50:23 (49:23 Vulg.)Tractates on the Psalms 68.26 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ps 50:23 (49:23 LXX)Letter 106.30 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ps 50:23 (49:23 LXX)Ancoratus 23.4 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374
Ps 50:23 (49:23 Vulg.)Chapter 5 · Nicetas, bishop of Remesianaallusion, medium confidenceca. 380–414
Ps 50:23 (49:23 LXX)Letter 140.46 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ps 50:23 (49:23 LXX)Homilies on Matthew 16.9 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Ps 50:23 (49:23 Vulg.)Sermon 67.6 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ps 50:23 (49:23 Vulg.)Against Faustus the Manichaean 20.21 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 398–400
Ps 50:23 (49:23 Vulg.)Part 1, chapter 21 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450