Isaiah 9 in the early church
[Vulgate: Isaias]
215 passages quote, allude to, or echo Isaiah 9, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 10 · 12 · 13 · 14
Isaiah 9:1
Nevertheless, there will be no more gloom for those in distress. In the past He humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future He will honor the Way of the Sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations:
Isaiah 9:2
The people walking in darkness have seen a great light; on those living in the land of the shadow of death, a light has dawned.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 9:2 | Sibylline Oracles 8.451ff. · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | 2nd-3rd cent. |
| Isa 9:2 | Exhortation to the Greeks 1.2 · Clement of Alexandria | echo, low confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Isa 9:2 | Exhortation to the Greeks 11.114 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Isa 9:2 | Against the Jews 6 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 197–207 |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | Against Marcion 4.7 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 9:2 | Against Marcion 5.11 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 9:2 | PG 12:1259 (Ps 21–22 LXX) · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | Commentary on John 2.166 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | Commentary on John 2.226 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Isa 9:2 | Commentary on John 13.134 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Isa 9:2 | Homily on Isaiah 6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 235–250 |
| Isa 9:2 | To Vigilius, on Jewish Unbelief 4 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | Against Celsus 6.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | Against Celsus 6.66 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | Against Celsus 8.54 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Isa 9:2 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 87 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Isa 9:2 | Commentary on Matthew 13.9 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Isa 9:2 | Commentary on Matthew 16.3 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Isa 9:2 | Prophetic Extracts 3.36 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.47 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 9:2–3 (9:1-2 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 9.8.10 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 9:2 | Book 1, lines 400–424 · Juvencus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 330 |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | Life of Constantine 2.19.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| Isa 9:2 | Oration 37.2 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 9:2 | Question 53, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | Letter 21.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.12.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Isa 9:2 | On Paradise 29 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Isa 9:2 | Exposition of Psalm 118 3.18.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 9:2 | Exposition of Psalm 118 14.5.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 9:2 | Exposition of Psalm 118 22.24.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 9:2 | Letter 164.16 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Isa 9:2 | Homilies on Matthew 14.1 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Isa 9:2 | Hexameron (Exameron) 4.22 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Isa 9:2 (9:1 LXX) | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 28 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Isa 9:2 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.33.5 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Isa 9:2 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.33.6 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Isa 9:2 | Homily 5 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Isa 9:2 | Sermon 160.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Isa 9:2 | Letters 18.4 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Isa 9:2 | Confessions 4.18 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 397–401 |
| Isa 9:2 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 7.21 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Isa 9:2 | Commentary on Jeremiah 6.15 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Isa 9:2 | Book 1, chapter 15 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 440-450 |
| Isa 9:2 | Book 2, chapter 15 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 440-450 |
| Isa 9:2 | Chapter 10 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 437-450 |
| Isa 9:2 | Part 3, chapter 6 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Isaiah 9:3
You have enlarged the nation and increased its joy. The people rejoice before You as they rejoice at harvest time, as men rejoice in dividing the plunder.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 9:3 (9:2 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 3.2.67 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 9:3 (9:2 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 9.8.12 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Isaiah 9:4
For as in the day of Midian You have shattered the yoke of their burden, the bar across their shoulders, and the rod of their oppressor.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 9:4 (9:3 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 9.8.13 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 9:4 (9:3 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 9.8.14 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Isaiah 9:5
For every trampling boot of battle and every garment rolled in blood will be burned as fuel for the fire.
Isaiah 9:6
For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given, and the government will be upon His shoulders. And He will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
Isaiah 9:7
Of the increase of His government and peace there will be no end. He will reign on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish and sustain it with justice and righteousness from that time and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of Hosts will accomplish this.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 9:7 (9:6 LXX) | The Instructor 1.5.24 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Isa 9:7 (9:6 LXX) | Prophetic Extracts 4.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 9:7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 7.1.142 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 9:7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 7.1.148 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 9:7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 7.1.153 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 9:7 | Against Marcellus 2.1.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 336–337 |
| Isa 9:7 (9:6 LXX) | Catechetical Lecture 12.24 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
Isaiah 9:8
The Lord has sent a message against Jacob, and it has fallen upon Israel.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 9:8 | Question 37, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Isa 9:8 | Question 37, section 2 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
Isaiah 9:10
“The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with finished stone; the sycamores have been felled, but we will replace them with cedars.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 9:10 | Letter 78.19 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Isaiah 9:12
Aram from the east and Philistia from the west have devoured Israel with open mouths. Despite all this, His anger is not turned away; His hand is still upraised.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 9:12 | Letter 227.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Isaiah 9:13
But the people did not return to Him who struck them; they did not seek the LORD of Hosts.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 9:13 | Oration 16.15 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Isaiah 9:14
So the LORD will cut off Israel’s head and tail, both palm branch and reed in a single day.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 9:14 | On Tobit 66 · Ambrose | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Isa 9:14 | Exposition of Psalm 118 15.14.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 9:14 | Exposition of Psalm 118 20.3.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |