1 Kings 19 in the early church

[LXX: 3 Kingdoms; Vulgate: 3 Kings]

173 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Kings 19, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21

1 Kings 19:1

Now Ahab told Jezebel everything that Elijah had done and how he had killed all the prophets with the sword.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:1–3To Fortunatus 11 · Cyprian of Carthageallusion, high confidence253 or 257
1 Kgs 19:1–3Sermon 127 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450

1 Kings 19:2

So Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah, saying, “May the gods deal with me, and ever so severely, if by this time tomorrow I have not made your life like the lives of those you killed!”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:2–8Demonstration 3.3 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 19:2Demonstration 9.8 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 19:2On Saint Athanasius 1.18 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361
1 Kgs 19:2Letter 121.1 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 19:2On the Complaints of Job and David 1.2 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 383-390

1 Kings 19:3

And Elijah was afraid and ran for his life. When he came to Beersheba in Judah, he left his servant there,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:3Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 8 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 211–213
1 Kgs 19:3Defence of His Flight 10 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 357
1 Kgs 19:3Homilies on Matthew 50.2 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
1 Kgs 19:3On Fleeing the World 34 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-391
1 Kgs 19:3Tractates 0 · Gaudentius of Bresciaallusion, medium confidenceca. 397-410

1 Kings 19:4

while he himself went a day’s journey into the wilderness. He sat down under a broom tree and prayed that he might die. “I have had enough, LORD,” he said. “Take my life, for I am no better than my fathers.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:4The Instructor 3.7.38 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
1 Kgs 19:4On the Singleness of Clerics 21 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence3rd cent. (disputed)
1 Kgs 19:4–8Symposium 10.3 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, high confidencelate 3rd century
1 Kgs 19:4Oration 43.29 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
1 Kgs 19:4On Jacob and the Happy Life 1.38 · Ambroseallusion, low confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 19:4On Fleeing the World 34 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-391
1 Kgs 19:4Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.58.8 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
1 Kgs 19:4Sermon 147 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450

1 Kings 19:5

Then he lay down under the broom tree and fell asleep. Suddenly an angel touched him and said, “Get up and eat.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:5–8Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
1 Kgs 19:5Letter 22.9 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 19:5Exposition of Psalm 118 2.4.1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
1 Kgs 19:5On Elijah and Fasting 40 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
1 Kgs 19:5Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.61.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397

1 Kings 19:6

And he looked around, and there by his head was a cake of bread baked over hot coals, and a jar of water. So he ate and drank and lay down again.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:6The Instructor 3.7.38 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
1 Kgs 19:6On Fasting 9 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 210–220
1 Kgs 19:6Letter 22.9 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 19:6Sermon 51.23 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:6On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.3 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence411–412

1 Kings 19:8

So he got up and ate and drank. And strengthened by that food, he walked forty days and forty nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:8Against Heresies 3.22.2 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, medium confidenceca. 180–190
1 Kgs 19:8Against Heresies 5.21.2 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
1 Kgs 19:8On Fasting 6 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 210–220
1 Kgs 19:8On the Resurrection of the Flesh 61 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 208–212
1 Kgs 19:8Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 811 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Kgs 19:8Fragment 77 on John 11:4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 226-254
1 Kgs 19:8On the Singleness of Clerics 26 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence3rd cent. (disputed)
1 Kgs 19:8Apology for Origen 5.9 · Pamphilus of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 308–310 (Rufinus's Latin about 397)
1 Kgs 19:8On the Paschal Feast 4 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 325–337
1 Kgs 19:8–9Demonstration 18.7 · Aphrahatallusion, medium confidence337-345
1 Kgs 19:8Commentary on Matthew 3 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 353–355
1 Kgs 19:8On Saint Athanasius 1.18 · Lucifer of Cagliariallusion, high confidenceca. 356–361
1 Kgs 19:8Homilies 1.6 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 363-378
1 Kgs 19:8Homilies 18.1 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 363-378
1 Kgs 19:8Homilies 19.6 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 363-378
1 Kgs 19:8Letter 130.10 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 19:8Apostolic Constitutions 5.20.14 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
1 Kgs 19:8Letter 36.2 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
1 Kgs 19:8Letter 36.16 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
1 Kgs 19:8Letter 55.28 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
1 Kgs 19:8Homilies on Matthew 13.2 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
1 Kgs 19:8On Fleeing the World 34 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-391
1 Kgs 19:8On Elijah and Fasting 3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
1 Kgs 19:8On Elijah and Fasting 5 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-390
1 Kgs 19:8Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.61.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
1 Kgs 19:8Sermon 51.23 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:8Sermon 51.31 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:8Sermon 125.9 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:8Sermon 205.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:8Sermon 210.9 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:8Sermon 252.10 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:8Sermon 264.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:8Sermon 270.3 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:8–9Against Jovinianus 2.15 · Jeromequotation, high confidence393
1 Kgs 19:8On Christian Doctrine 2.16 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceBooks 1–3 ca. 396–397; completed 426–427
1 Kgs 19:8The Harmony of the Gospels 2.9 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 399–400
1 Kgs 19:8Literal Commentary on Genesis 8.5 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 401–415
1 Kgs 19:8Tractates on the Gospel of John 15.15 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 406–420
1 Kgs 19:8Tractates on the Gospel of John 17.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 406–420
1 Kgs 19:8On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.3 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence411–412
1 Kgs 19:8Sermon 2 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
1 Kgs 19:8Sermon 166 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
1 Kgs 19:8Book 2, section 14 · Seduliusallusion, medium confidenceca. 425-450
1 Kgs 19:8The Conferences 21.28 · John Cassianallusion, high confidenceca. 426–429
1 Kgs 19:8In Praise of the Desert 32 · Eucherius of Lyonallusion, high confidenceca. 427-428
1 Kgs 19:8Part 1, chapter 7 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450
1 Kgs 19:8Part 5, chapter 14 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

1 Kings 19:9

There Elijah entered a cave and spent the night. And the word of the LORD came to him, saying, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:9On Fasting 6 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 210–220
1 Kgs 19:9Catechetical Lecture 12.16 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, high confidenceca. 350
1 Kgs 19:9Homilies 18.1 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 363-378
1 Kgs 19:9Letter 123.14 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 19:9Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 4.2 · Egeriaquotation, high confidenceca. 381-395
1 Kgs 19:9Homilies on Matthew 46.3 · John Chrysostomallusion, medium confidenceca. 390

1 Kings 19:10

“I have been very zealous for the LORD, the God of Hosts,” he replied, “but the Israelites have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and killed Your prophets with the sword. I am the only one left, and they are seeking my life as well.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:10Dialogue with Trypho 39.1 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
1 Kgs 19:10Against Heresies 4.20.10 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
1 Kgs 19:10Fragments on the Song of Songs, chapter 8 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Kgs 19:10PG 12:1167 (Ps 4–5 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Kgs 19:10Homilies on Judges 2.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
1 Kgs 19:10Homilies on Jeremiah 14.16 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240
1 Kgs 19:10Commentary on Romans 8.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
1 Kgs 19:10Commentary on Romans 8.7 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
1 Kgs 19:10To Quirinus 1.2 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
1 Kgs 19:10Letter 67.8 · Cyprian of Carthageallusion, high confidence249/250–258
1 Kgs 19:10Divine Institutes 4.11.6 · Lactantiusquotation, high confidenceca. 303–311
1 Kgs 19:10Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.46 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
1 Kgs 19:10Demonstration 3.4 · Aphrahatallusion, medium confidence337-345
1 Kgs 19:10Catechetical Lecture 12.8 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
1 Kgs 19:10Defence of His Flight 7 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357
1 Kgs 19:10History of the Arians 47 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 357
1 Kgs 19:10Letters 156, 157, 158, 159 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357–378
1 Kgs 19:10Tractates on the Psalms 118.18.3 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
1 Kgs 19:10Oration 14.3 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
1 Kgs 19:10Tractates 1.6.3 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, medium confidenceca. 362-380
1 Kgs 19:10Tractates 2.66.1 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, medium confidenceca. 362-380
1 Kgs 19:10Tractates 2.67.1 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, medium confidenceca. 362-380
1 Kgs 19:10Against Parmenian the Donatist 6.1 · Optatus of Milevisquotation, high confidenceca. 366–385
1 Kgs 19:10Commentary on Romans 11:3 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
1 Kgs 19:10Eleven Tractates 3.60 · Priscillianquotation, high confidenceca. 380–385
1 Kgs 19:10Petition to the Emperors (Libellus precum) 34 · Faustinusquotation, high confidenceca. 383–384
1 Kgs 19:10Exposition of Psalm 118 18.12.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
1 Kgs 19:10Homilies on Matthew 56.1 · John Chrysostomallusion, medium confidenceca. 390
1 Kgs 19:10Homilies on Matthew 56.2 · John Chrysostomallusion, medium confidenceca. 390
1 Kgs 19:10On Fleeing the World 7 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-391
1 Kgs 19:10Sermon 100.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:10City of God 17.22 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
1 Kgs 19:10Part 2, chapter 28 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

1 Kings 19:11

Then the LORD said, “Go out and stand on the mountain before the LORD. Behold, the LORD is about to pass by.” And a great and mighty wind tore into the mountains and shattered the rocks before the LORD, but the LORD was not in the wind. After the wind there was an earthquake, but the LORD was not in the earthquake.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:11Against Heresies 4.20.10 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
1 Kgs 19:11Hortatory Address to the Greeks 31 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence2nd–3rd century (disputed)
1 Kgs 19:11–12Against Marcion 4.23 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
1 Kgs 19:11–12Commentary on John 13.145 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
1 Kgs 19:11Lepr. 12 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

1 Kings 19:12

After the earthquake there was a fire, but the LORD was not in the fire. And after the fire came a still, small voice.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:12Against Heresies 4.20.10 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
1 Kgs 19:12Hortatory Address to the Greeks 31 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence2nd–3rd century (disputed)
1 Kgs 19:12On Patience 15 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 198–206
1 Kgs 19:12Lepr. 12 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
1 Kgs 19:12Letter 36.11 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 19:12Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 19 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidence380

1 Kings 19:13

When Elijah heard it, he wrapped his face in his cloak and went out and stood at the mouth of the cave. Suddenly a voice came to him and said, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:13Letter 216.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
1 Kgs 19:13In Praise of the Desert 3 · Eucherius of Lyonallusion, high confidenceca. 427-428
1 Kgs 19:13Instructions 2.10 · Eucherius of Lyonallusion, medium confidenceca. 428-434

1 Kings 19:14

“I have been very zealous for the LORD, the God of Hosts,” he replied, “but the Israelites have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and killed Your prophets with the sword. I am the only one left, and they are seeking my life as well.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:14Petition to the Emperors (Libellus precum) 34 · Faustinusquotation, medium confidenceca. 383–384

1 Kings 19:15

Then the LORD said to him, “Go back by the way you came, and go to the Desert of Damascus. When you arrive, you are to anoint Hazael as king over Aram.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:15–16Demonstration 3.3 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 19:15–16Demonstration 14.27 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 19:15–17On Saint Athanasius 1.18 · Lucifer of Cagliariallusion, high confidenceca. 356–361

1 Kings 19:16

You are also to anoint Jehu son of Nimshi as king over Israel and Elisha son of Shaphat from Abel-meholah to succeed you as prophet.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:16Church History 1.3.8 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 300–325
1 Kgs 19:16Defence of His Flight 20 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 357

1 Kings 19:18

Nevertheless, I have reserved seven thousand in Israel—all whose knees have not bowed to Baal and whose mouths have not kissed him.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:18Dialogue with Trypho 39.1 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 155–160
1 Kgs 19:18Dialogue with Trypho 46.6 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160
1 Kgs 19:18On First Principles 4.2.6 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
1 Kgs 19:18Homilies on Judges 2.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
1 Kgs 19:18Homilies on Jeremiah 5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240
1 Kgs 19:18Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origenquotation, medium confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
1 Kgs 19:18Commentary on Romans 8.7 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
1 Kgs 19:18Prophetic Extracts 1.8 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
1 Kgs 19:18Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.46 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
1 Kgs 19:18Demonstration 14.25 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 19:18Letters 156, 157, 158, 159 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 357–378
1 Kgs 19:18Commentary on Ephesians 3.14 · Marius Victorinusallusion, medium confidenceca. 360–363
1 Kgs 19:18Oration 42.7 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
1 Kgs 19:18Commentary on Romans 11:3 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
1 Kgs 19:18Letter 119.9 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 19:18Book of Rules 3 · Tyconiusallusion, high confidenceca. 380
1 Kgs 19:18Apostolic Constitutions 8.2.1 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
1 Kgs 19:18Exposition of Psalm 118 12.19.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
1 Kgs 19:18Homilies on Matthew 21.4 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
1 Kgs 19:18Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.25.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
1 Kgs 19:18Sermon 100.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
1 Kgs 19:18Lines 182–194 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence393
1 Kgs 19:18Tractates 4 · Gaudentius of Bresciaquotation, high confidenceca. 397-410
1 Kgs 19:18City of God 17.22 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence413–426
1 Kgs 19:18On the Gift of Perseverance 18 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 428/429
1 Kgs 19:18Part 2, chapter 28 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

1 Kings 19:19

So Elijah departed and found Elisha son of Shaphat. He was plowing with twelve teams of oxen, and he was with the twelfth team. Elijah passed by him and threw his cloak around him.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:19Letter to Dracontius 7 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 355
1 Kgs 19:19On Naboth 7 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 19:19–21Letter 32.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–430

1 Kings 19:20

So Elisha left the oxen, ran after Elijah, and said, “Please let me kiss my father and mother goodbye, and then I will follow you.” “Go on back,” Elijah replied, “for what have I done to you?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:20On Naboth 7 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 19:20Homilies on Matthew 14.2 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
1 Kgs 19:20Homilies on Matthew 68.4 · John Chrysostomallusion, low confidenceca. 390

1 Kings 19:21

So Elisha turned back from him, took his pair of oxen, and slaughtered them. Using the oxen’s equipment for fuel, he cooked the meat and gave it to the people, and they ate. Then he set out to follow and serve Elijah.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 19:21Letter to Dracontius 8 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 355
1 Kgs 19:21Letter 71.3 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 19:21On Naboth 7 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 19:21On the Duties of the Clergy 1.30 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
1 Kgs 19:21On the Duties of the Clergy 2.20 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390