1 Kings 19 in the early church
[LXX: 3 Kingdoms; Vulgate: 3 Kings]
173 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Kings 19, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21
1 Kings 19:1
Now Ahab told Jezebel everything that Elijah had done and how he had killed all the prophets with the sword.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:1–3 | To Fortunatus 11 · Cyprian of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | 253 or 257 |
| 1 Kgs 19:1–3 | Sermon 127 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
1 Kings 19:2
So Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah, saying, “May the gods deal with me, and ever so severely, if by this time tomorrow I have not made your life like the lives of those you killed!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:2–8 | Demonstration 3.3 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 19:2 | Demonstration 9.8 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 19:2 | On Saint Athanasius 1.18 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 1 Kgs 19:2 | Letter 121.1 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Kgs 19:2 | On the Complaints of Job and David 1.2 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 383-390 |
1 Kings 19:3
And Elijah was afraid and ran for his life. When he came to Beersheba in Judah, he left his servant there,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:3 | Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 8 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 211–213 |
| 1 Kgs 19:3 | Defence of His Flight 10 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357 |
| 1 Kgs 19:3 | Homilies on Matthew 50.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| 1 Kgs 19:3 | On Fleeing the World 34 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| 1 Kgs 19:3 | Tractates 0 · Gaudentius of Brescia | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 397-410 |
1 Kings 19:4
while he himself went a day’s journey into the wilderness. He sat down under a broom tree and prayed that he might die. “I have had enough, LORD,” he said. “Take my life, for I am no better than my fathers.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:4 | The Instructor 3.7.38 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Kgs 19:4 | On the Singleness of Clerics 21 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| 1 Kgs 19:4–8 | Symposium 10.3 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd century |
| 1 Kgs 19:4 | Oration 43.29 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| 1 Kgs 19:4 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 1.38 · Ambrose | allusion, low confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| 1 Kgs 19:4 | On Fleeing the World 34 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
| 1 Kgs 19:4 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.58.8 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| 1 Kgs 19:4 | Sermon 147 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
1 Kings 19:5
Then he lay down under the broom tree and fell asleep. Suddenly an angel touched him and said, “Get up and eat.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:5–8 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.10 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Kgs 19:5 | Letter 22.9 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Kgs 19:5 | Exposition of Psalm 118 2.4.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Kgs 19:5 | On Elijah and Fasting 40 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| 1 Kgs 19:5 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.61.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
1 Kings 19:6
And he looked around, and there by his head was a cake of bread baked over hot coals, and a jar of water. So he ate and drank and lay down again.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:6 | The Instructor 3.7.38 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| 1 Kgs 19:6 | On Fasting 9 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| 1 Kgs 19:6 | Letter 22.9 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Kgs 19:6 | Sermon 51.23 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Kgs 19:6 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 1.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | 411–412 |
1 Kings 19:8
So he got up and ate and drank. And strengthened by that food, he walked forty days and forty nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God.
1 Kings 19:9
There Elijah entered a cave and spent the night. And the word of the LORD came to him, saying, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:9 | On Fasting 6 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| 1 Kgs 19:9 | Catechetical Lecture 12.16 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| 1 Kgs 19:9 | Homilies 18.1 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| 1 Kgs 19:9 | Letter 123.14 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Kgs 19:9 | Pilgrimage (Itinerarium) 4.2 · Egeria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 381-395 |
| 1 Kgs 19:9 | Homilies on Matthew 46.3 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
1 Kings 19:10
“I have been very zealous for the LORD, the God of Hosts,” he replied, “but the Israelites have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and killed Your prophets with the sword. I am the only one left, and they are seeking my life as well.”
1 Kings 19:11
Then the LORD said, “Go out and stand on the mountain before the LORD. Behold, the LORD is about to pass by.” And a great and mighty wind tore into the mountains and shattered the rocks before the LORD, but the LORD was not in the wind. After the wind there was an earthquake, but the LORD was not in the earthquake.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:11 | Against Heresies 4.20.10 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| 1 Kgs 19:11 | Hortatory Address to the Greeks 31 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 2nd–3rd century (disputed) |
| 1 Kgs 19:11–12 | Against Marcion 4.23 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| 1 Kgs 19:11–12 | Commentary on John 13.145 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Kgs 19:11 | Lepr. 12 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
1 Kings 19:12
After the earthquake there was a fire, but the LORD was not in the fire. And after the fire came a still, small voice.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:12 | Against Heresies 4.20.10 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| 1 Kgs 19:12 | Hortatory Address to the Greeks 31 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 2nd–3rd century (disputed) |
| 1 Kgs 19:12 | On Patience 15 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–206 |
| 1 Kgs 19:12 | Lepr. 12 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| 1 Kgs 19:12 | Letter 36.11 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Kgs 19:12 | Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 19 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | 380 |
1 Kings 19:13
When Elijah heard it, he wrapped his face in his cloak and went out and stood at the mouth of the cave. Suddenly a voice came to him and said, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:13 | Letter 216.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Kgs 19:13 | In Praise of the Desert 3 · Eucherius of Lyon | allusion, high confidence | ca. 427-428 |
| 1 Kgs 19:13 | Instructions 2.10 · Eucherius of Lyon | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 428-434 |
1 Kings 19:14
“I have been very zealous for the LORD, the God of Hosts,” he replied, “but the Israelites have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and killed Your prophets with the sword. I am the only one left, and they are seeking my life as well.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:14 | Petition to the Emperors (Libellus precum) 34 · Faustinus | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 383–384 |
1 Kings 19:15
Then the LORD said to him, “Go back by the way you came, and go to the Desert of Damascus. When you arrive, you are to anoint Hazael as king over Aram.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:15–16 | Demonstration 3.3 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 19:15–16 | Demonstration 14.27 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 19:15–17 | On Saint Athanasius 1.18 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
1 Kings 19:16
You are also to anoint Jehu son of Nimshi as king over Israel and Elisha son of Shaphat from Abel-meholah to succeed you as prophet.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:16 | Church History 1.3.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| 1 Kgs 19:16 | Defence of His Flight 20 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357 |
1 Kings 19:18
Nevertheless, I have reserved seven thousand in Israel—all whose knees have not bowed to Baal and whose mouths have not kissed him.”
1 Kings 19:19
So Elijah departed and found Elisha son of Shaphat. He was plowing with twelve teams of oxen, and he was with the twelfth team. Elijah passed by him and threw his cloak around him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:19 | Letter to Dracontius 7 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 355 |
| 1 Kgs 19:19 | On Naboth 7 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| 1 Kgs 19:19–21 | Letter 32.4 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
1 Kings 19:20
So Elisha left the oxen, ran after Elijah, and said, “Please let me kiss my father and mother goodbye, and then I will follow you.” “Go on back,” Elijah replied, “for what have I done to you?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:20 | On Naboth 7 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| 1 Kgs 19:20 | Homilies on Matthew 14.2 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| 1 Kgs 19:20 | Homilies on Matthew 68.4 · John Chrysostom | allusion, low confidence | ca. 390 |
1 Kings 19:21
So Elisha turned back from him, took his pair of oxen, and slaughtered them. Using the oxen’s equipment for fuel, he cooked the meat and gave it to the people, and they ate. Then he set out to follow and serve Elijah.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 19:21 | Letter to Dracontius 8 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 355 |
| 1 Kgs 19:21 | Letter 71.3 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Kgs 19:21 | On Naboth 7 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| 1 Kgs 19:21 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.30 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| 1 Kgs 19:21 | On the Duties of the Clergy 2.20 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |