1 Kings 20 in the early church
[LXX: 3 Kingdoms; Vulgate: 3 Kings]
27 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Kings 20, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 10 · 11 · 13 · 15 · 19 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 28 · 31 · 32 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 42
1 Kings 20:1
Now Ben-hadad king of Aram assembled his entire army. Accompanied by thirty-two kings with their horses and chariots, he marched up, besieged Samaria, and waged war against it.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:1 (3 Kgdms 21:1 LXX) | On Apostate Kings 7 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 1 Kgs 20:1 (3 Kgdms 21:1 LXX) | On Naboth 71 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| 1 Kgs 20:1 | On the Governance of God 7.31 · Salvian of Marseilles | allusion, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
1 Kings 20:10
Then Ben-hadad sent another message to Ahab: “May the gods deal with me, and ever so severely, if enough dust remains of Samaria for each of my men to have a handful.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:10 (3 Kgdms 21:10 LXX) | On Apostate Kings 7 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–361 |
1 Kings 20:11
And the king of Israel replied, “Tell him: ‘The one putting on his armor should not boast like one taking it off.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:11 | Demonstration 14.10 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 20:11 | Altercatio, chapter 1, speech 2 · Evagrius of Gaul | echo, low confidence | ca. 400 |
1 Kings 20:13
Meanwhile a prophet approached Ahab king of Israel and declared, “This is what the LORD says: ‘Do you see this entire great army? Behold, I will deliver it into your hand this very day, and you will know that I am the LORD.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:13–14 (3 Kgdms 21:13-1Kgs LXX) | On Apostate Kings 7 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
1 Kings 20:15
So Ahab assembled the young officers of the district governors, and there were 232 men. And after them, he assembled the rest of the Israelite troops, 7,000 in all.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:15 | On the Governance of God 7.31 · Salvian of Marseilles | allusion, high confidence | ca. 439-451 |
1 Kings 20:19
Meanwhile, these young officers of the district governors marched out of the city, with the army behind them,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:19–20 (3 Kgdms 21:19-1Kgs LXX) | On Apostate Kings 7 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
1 Kings 20:22
Afterward, the prophet approached the king of Israel and said, “Go and strengthen your position, and take note what you must do, for in the spring the king of Aram will come up against you.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:22 (3 Kgdms 21:22 LXX) | On Naboth 71 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
1 Kings 20:23
Meanwhile, the servants of the king of Aram said to him, “Their gods are gods of the hills. That is why they prevailed over us. Instead, we should fight them on the plains; surely then we will prevail.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:23 (3 Kgdms 21:23 LXX) | On Naboth 71 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
1 Kings 20:24
So do this: Dismiss all the kings from their positions and replace them with other officers.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:24 (3 Kgdms 21:24 LXX) | On Naboth 71 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
1 Kings 20:28
Then the man of God approached the king of Israel and said, “This is what the LORD says: ‘Because the Arameans have said that the LORD is a god of the hills and not of the valleys, I will deliver all this great army into your hand. Then you will know that I am the LORD.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:28 (3 Kgdms 21:28 LXX) | Homily on 1 Samuel 1.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 1 Kgs 20:28 (3 Kgdms 21:28 LXX) | On Apostate Kings 7 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 1 Kgs 20:28 (3 Kgdms 21:28 LXX) | On Noah 120 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 378-384 |
| 1 Kgs 20:28 (3 Kgdms 21:28 LXX) | On Naboth 71 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| 1 Kgs 20:28 | Exposition of Psalm 118 6.7.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Kgs 20:28 | Hexameron (Exameron) 3.3 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| 1 Kgs 20:28 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.51.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
1 Kings 20:31
Then the servants of Ben-hadad said to him, “Look now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful. Let us go out to the king of Israel with sackcloth around our waists and ropes around our heads. Perhaps he will spare your life.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:31 | The Conferences 24.17 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
1 Kings 20:32
So with sackcloth around their waists and ropes around their heads, they went to the king of Israel and said, “Your servant Ben-hadad says, ‘Please spare my life.’” And the king answered, “Is he still alive? He is my brother.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:32 | The Conferences 24.17 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
1 Kings 20:34
Ben-hadad said to him, “I will restore the cities my father took from your father; you may set up your own marketplaces in Damascus, as my father did in Samaria.” “By this treaty I release you,” Ahab replied. So he made a treaty with him and sent him away.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:34 (3 Kgdms 21:34 LXX) | On Naboth 71 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
1 Kings 20:35
Meanwhile, by the word of the LORD, one of the sons of the prophets said to his companion, “Strike me, please!” But the man refused to strike him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:35 (3 Kgdms 21:35 LXX) | On Naboth 72 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
1 Kings 20:36
Then the prophet said to him, “Because you have not obeyed the voice of the LORD, as soon as you depart from me a lion will kill you.” And when he left, a lion found him and killed him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:36 (3 Kgdms 21:36 LXX) | On Naboth 72 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
1 Kings 20:42
And the prophet said to the king, “This is what the LORD says: ‘Because you have let slip from your hand the man I had devoted to destruction, your life will be exchanged for his life, and your people for his people.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 20:42 (3 Kgdms 21:42 LXX) | On Naboth 72 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| 1 Kgs 20:42 | The Conferences 2.3 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| 1 Kgs 20:42 | The Conferences 24.17 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |