1 Kings 21 in the early church

[LXX: 3 Kingdoms; Vulgate: 3 Kings]

116 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Kings 21, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 13 · 16 · 17 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29

1 Kings 21:1

Some time after these events, Naboth the Jezreelite owned a vineyard in Jezreel next to the palace of Ahab king of Samaria.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:1–16 (3 Kgdms 20:1-1Kgs LXX)Homilies on Psalms 36-38 1.2 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
1 Kgs 21:1–24Demonstration 14.10 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 21:1–16Demonstration 14.23 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 21:1–16Demonstration 14.40 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 21:1Defence before Constantius 20 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 353–357
1 Kgs 21:1History of the Arians 45 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357
1 Kgs 21:1On Naboth 1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:1On Naboth 5 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:1 (3 Kgdms 20:1 LXX)On Naboth 6 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:1–16Letter 185.41 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
1 Kgs 21:1–24Homilies on Matthew 90.4 · John Chrysostomallusion, medium confidenceca. 390

1 Kings 21:2

So Ahab said to Naboth, “Give me your vineyard to use as a vegetable garden, since it is next to my palace. I will give you a better vineyard in its place—or if you prefer, I will give you its value in silver.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:2History of the Arians 53 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 357
1 Kgs 21:2Letter 147.9 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:2On Naboth 5 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:2 (3 Kgdms 20:2 LXX)On Naboth 6 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:2 (3 Kgdms 20:2 LXX)On Naboth 8 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:2 (3 Kgdms 20:2 LXX)On Naboth 9 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:2 (3 Kgdms 20:2 LXX)On Naboth 10 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:2 (3 Kgdms 20:2 LXX)On Naboth 11 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:2On the Duties of the Clergy 3.9 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
1 Kgs 21:2Homilies on Matthew 86.3 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
1 Kgs 21:2Explanation of Twelve Psalms 35.15.3 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
1 Kgs 21:2Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.19.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397

1 Kings 21:3

But Naboth replied, “The LORD forbid that I should give you the inheritance of my fathers.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:3 (3 Kgdms 20:3 LXX)On Naboth 6 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:3 (3 Kgdms 20:3 LXX)On Naboth 13 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:3On the Duties of the Clergy 2.5 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
1 Kgs 21:3On the Duties of the Clergy 3.9 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386–390
1 Kgs 21:3Explanation of Twelve Psalms 35.15.3 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
1 Kgs 21:3Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.19.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397

1 Kings 21:4

So Ahab went to his palace, sullen and angry because Naboth the Jezreelite had told him, “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” He lay down on his bed, turned his face away, and refused to eat.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:4 (3 Kgdms 20:4 LXX)On Naboth 6 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:4 (3 Kgdms 20:4 LXX)On Naboth 14 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:4 (3 Kgdms 20:4 LXX)On Naboth 15 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390

1 Kings 21:7

But his wife Jezebel said to him, “Do you not reign over Israel? Get up, eat some food, and be cheerful, for I will get you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:7Oration 35.2 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
1 Kgs 21:7 (3 Kgdms 20:7 LXX)On Naboth 41 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:7 (3 Kgdms 20:7 LXX)On Naboth 42 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:7 (3 Kgdms 20:7 LXX)On Naboth 43 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390

1 Kings 21:8

Then Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab’s name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:8–13Demonstration 3.4 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 21:8Defence of His Flight 3 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357
1 Kgs 21:8Question 110, section 6 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 370–384
1 Kgs 21:8 (3 Kgdms 20:8 LXX)On Naboth 43 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:8Homilies on Matthew 35.1 · John Chrysostomallusion, medium confidenceca. 390
1 Kgs 21:8–13Apology against Jerome 1.19 · Rufinus of Aquileiaallusion, high confidenceca. 401
1 Kgs 21:8–13Apologetic Book 8.5 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 415–416

1 Kings 21:9

In the letters she wrote: “Proclaim a fast and give Naboth a seat of honor among the people.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:9–10 (3 Kgdms 20:9-1Kgs LXX)On Saint Athanasius 1.18 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361
1 Kgs 21:9 (3 Kgdms 20:9 LXX)On Naboth 43 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390

1 Kings 21:10

But seat two scoundrels opposite him and have them testify, ‘You have cursed both God and the king!’ Then take him out and stone him to death.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:10–13Apostolic Constitutions 2.49.3 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
1 Kgs 21:10 (3 Kgdms 20:10 LXX)On Naboth 43 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:10 (3 Kgdms 20:10 LXX)On Naboth 46 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:10Against Lying 24 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 420

1 Kings 21:13

And the two scoundrels came in and sat opposite Naboth, and these men testified against him before the people, saying, “Naboth has cursed both God and the king!” So they took him outside the city and stoned him to death.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:13Homilies 7.4 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 363-378
1 Kgs 21:13On the Destruction of Jerusalem 5.32 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 370
1 Kgs 21:13Question 110, section 6 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 370–384
1 Kgs 21:13Letter 118.3 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:13On Naboth 1 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:13 (3 Kgdms 20:13 LXX)On Naboth 46 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:13On the Duties of the Clergy 2.5 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
1 Kgs 21:13Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.19.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
1 Kgs 21:13Against Lying 24 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 420

1 Kings 21:16

And when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, he got up and went down to take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:16 (3 Kgdms 20:16 LXX)On Naboth 47 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390

1 Kings 21:17

Then the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:17Bordeaux Pilgrim 586 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence333
1 Kgs 21:17–24 (3 Kgdms 20:17-1Kgs LXX)On Saint Athanasius 1.19 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361

1 Kings 21:19

Tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Have you not murdered a man and seized his land?’ Then tell him that this is also what the LORD says: ‘In the place where the dogs licked up the blood of Naboth, there also the dogs will lick up your blood—yes, yours!’”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:19On Fasting 7 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 210–220
1 Kgs 21:19Demonstration 3.4 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 21:19Demonstration 9.8 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
1 Kgs 21:19Oration 5.2 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
1 Kgs 21:19Letter 77.4 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:19Letter 122.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:19Letter 147.9 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:19 (3 Kgdms 20:19 LXX)On Naboth 48 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:19Homilies on Matthew 24.4 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
1 Kgs 21:19Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.43.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397

1 Kings 21:20

When Elijah arrived, Ahab said to him, “So you have found me out, my enemy.” He replied, “I have found you out because you have sold yourself to do evil in the sight of the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:20Fragments on Proverbs, column 185 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 220-254
1 Kgs 21:20Apostolic Constitutions 7.10.4 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
1 Kgs 21:20 (3 Kgdms 20:20 LXX)On Naboth 50 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:20 (3 Kgdms 20:20 LXX)On Naboth 51 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:20Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.43.3 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397

1 Kings 21:21

This is what the LORD says: ‘I will bring calamity on you and consume your descendants; I will cut off from Ahab every male in Israel, both slave and free.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:21Letter 77.4 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:21The Conferences 6.11 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

1 Kings 21:22

I will make your house like that of Jeroboam son of Nebat and like that of Baasha son of Ahijah, because you have provoked My anger and caused Israel to sin.’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:22The Conferences 6.11 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

1 Kings 21:23

And the LORD also speaks concerning Jezebel: ‘The dogs will devour Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel.’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:23Letter 122.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:23 (3 Kgdms 20:23 LXX)On Naboth 49 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:23On the Duties of the Clergy 3.9 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
1 Kgs 21:23The Conferences 6.11 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

1 Kings 21:24

Anyone belonging to Ahab who dies in the city will be eaten by dogs, and anyone who dies in the field will be eaten by the birds of the air.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:24The Conferences 6.11 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

1 Kings 21:25

(Surely there was never one like Ahab, who sold himself to do evil in the sight of the LORD, incited by his wife Jezebel.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:25PG 12:1143 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Kgs 21:25Letter 77.4 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:25 (3 Kgdms 20:25 LXX)On Naboth 70 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390

1 Kings 21:26

He committed the most detestable acts by going after idols, just like the Amorites whom the LORD had driven out before the Israelites.)

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:26PG 12:1143 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254

1 Kings 21:27

When Ahab heard these words, he tore his clothes, put on sackcloth, and fasted. He lay down in sackcloth and walked around meekly.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:27On Fasting 7 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 210–220
1 Kgs 21:27On Modesty 6 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 210–220
1 Kgs 21:27PG 12:1143 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Kgs 21:27–29Catechetical Lecture 2.13 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
1 Kgs 21:27History of the Arians 68 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357
1 Kgs 21:27Question 102, section 5 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
1 Kgs 21:27Letter 77.4 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:27Letter 122.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:27Letter 147.9 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:27 (3 Kgdms 20:27 LXX)On Naboth 70 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:27Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.37.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397
1 Kgs 21:27–29Against Jovinianus 2.15 · Jeromeallusion, high confidence393

1 Kings 21:28

Then the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying:

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:28PG 12:1143 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254

1 Kings 21:29

“Have you seen how Ahab has humbled himself before Me? Because he has humbled himself before Me, I will not bring the calamity during his days, but I will bring it upon his house in the days of his son.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Kgs 21:29Against Marcion 4.10 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
1 Kgs 21:29Against Marcion 5.11 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
1 Kgs 21:29On Fasting 7 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 210–220
1 Kgs 21:29PG 12:1145 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Kgs 21:29Homily on Isaiah 4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 235–250
1 Kgs 21:29 (3 Kgdms 20:29 LXX)Homilies on Leviticus 9.8 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
1 Kgs 21:29 (3 Kgdms 20:29 LXX)Homilies on Psalms 36-38 6.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
1 Kgs 21:29Against the Manichees, Greek continuation of book 3, Lagarde p. 98 · Titus of Bostraquotation, high confidenceca. 360s
1 Kgs 21:29Commentary on 2 Corinthians 2:6–7 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 366–384
1 Kgs 21:29Question 102, section 5 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
1 Kgs 21:29Letter 77.4 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:29Letter 122.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:29Letter 147.9 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Kgs 21:29 (3 Kgdms 20:29 LXX)On Naboth 70 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
1 Kgs 21:29Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.37.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-397