Revelation 3 in the early church

[Vulgate: Apocalypse]

184 passages quote, allude to, or echo Revelation 3, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21

Revelation 3:1

“To the angel of the church in Sardis write: These are the words of the One who holds the seven spirits of God and the seven stars. I know your deeds; you have a reputation for being alive, yet you are dead.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:1	Commentary on the Apocalypse 3.1 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 3:1	Three Letters to Sympronianus 1.5 · Pacian of Barcelona	allusion, high confidence	ca. 360-390
Rev 3:1	Against the Letter of Parmenian 2.20 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	ca. 400

Revelation 3:2

Wake up and strengthen what remains, which is about to die; for I have found your deeds incomplete in the sight of My God.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:2	On Repentance 8 · Tertullian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 198–206
Rev 3:2	Commentary on the Apocalypse 3.1 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century

Revelation 3:3

Remember, then, what you have received and heard. Keep it and repent. If you do not wake up, I will come like a thief, and you will not know the hour when I will come upon you.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:3	13 · Anonymous	echo, low confidence	250 (the text may be later)
Rev 3:3–4	Against Jovinianus 2.3 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	393

Revelation 3:4

But you do have a few people in Sardis who have not soiled their garments, and because they are worthy, they will walk with Me in white.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:4	On the Resurrection of the Flesh 27 · Tertullian	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 208–212
Rev 3:4	Homily on Luke 13 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 233–250
Rev 3:4–5	Tractates 2.35.1 · Zeno of Verona	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 362-380
Rev 3:4	Letter 77.12 · Jerome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 3:4	Letter 130.8 · Jerome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 370–419

Revelation 3:5

Like them, he who overcomes will be dressed in white. And I will never blot out his name from the Book of Life, but I will confess his name before My Father and His angels.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:5	Shepherd of Hermas, Vision 1.3.2 (3.2) · Hermas	echo, low confidence	ca. 100–150
Rev 3:5	Dialogue with Trypho 116.2 · Justin Martyr	echo, medium confidence	ca. 155–160
Rev 3:5	Acts of Thomas 110 · Anonymous	echo, low confidence	ca. 200–250
Rev 3:5	Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 12 · Tertullian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 211–213
Rev 3:5	On the Witch of Endor 6 · Eustathius of Antioch	allusion, low confidence	ca. 324–337
Rev 3:5	Demonstration 9.4 · Aphrahat	allusion, high confidence	337-345
Rev 3:5	Catechetical Lecture 14.30 · Cyril of Jerusalem	allusion, high confidence	ca. 350
Rev 3:5	Commentary on Philippians 4.3 · Marius Victorinus	allusion, low confidence	ca. 360–363
Rev 3:5	Sermon 62.9 · Augustine of Hippo	echo, medium confidence	ca. 391-430
Rev 3:5	Letters 13.15 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, high confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 3:5	Book 1, section 30 · Sedulius	echo, low confidence	ca. 425-450
Rev 3:5	The Passion of the Martyrs of Agaunum 6 · Eucherius of Lyon	echo, low confidence	ca. 443-450

Revelation 3:7

To the angel of the church in Philadelphia write: These are the words of the One who is holy and true, who holds the key of David. What He opens no one can shut, and what He shuts no one can open.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:7	Against Heresies 4.20.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
Rev 3:7	Commentary on Daniel 4.31-34 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 202-204
Rev 3:7	PG 12:1075 (Ps 1 LXX) · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 220-254
Rev 3:7	PG 12:1077 (Ps 1 LXX) · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 220-254
Rev 3:7	Commentary on John 2.47 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 3:7	Commentary on John 5.6 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 3:7	Commentary on John 5.7 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 3:7	Commentary on John 6.173 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 3:7	Address of Thanksgiving 15 · Gregory Thaumaturgus	allusion, high confidence	ca. 238–245
Rev 3:7	Commentary on Romans 3.2 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Rev 3:7	Tractates on the Psalms 0.6 · Hilary of Poitiers	quotation, high confidence	ca. 360–367
Rev 3:7	Tractates on the Psalms 53.2 · Hilary of Poitiers	allusion, high confidence	ca. 360–367
Rev 3:7	Letter 36.11 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 3:7	Letter 53.5 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 3:7	Letter 58.9 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 3:7	Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.6.1 · Epiphanius of Salamis	quotation, high confidence	374-377
Rev 3:7	Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.6.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis	quotation, high confidence	374-377
Rev 3:7	Letter 119.2 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	ca. 386–430
Rev 3:7	Sermon 314.1 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 391-430
Rev 3:7	Against the Letter of Parmenian 1.12 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 400
Rev 3:7	Commentary on Jeremiah 6.29 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 414-419
Rev 3:7	Part 5, chapter 14 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 3:8

I know your deeds. Behold, I have placed before you an open door, which no one can shut. I know that you have only a little strength, yet you have kept My word and have not denied My name.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:8	PG 12:1077 (Ps 1 LXX) · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 220-254
Rev 3:8	Commentary on the Apocalypse 3.2 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 3:8	Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.6.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis	quotation, high confidence	374-377

Revelation 3:9

As for those who belong to the synagogue of Satan, who claim to be Jews but are liars instead, I will make them come and bow down at your feet, and they will know that I love you.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:9	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 40 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Rev 3:9	Commentary on Romans 2.11 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Rev 3:9	Opinions of the Bishops 60 · Cyprian of Carthage	allusion, medium confidence	1 September 256
Rev 3:9	Letter 112.13 · Jerome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 3:9	Letter 123.11 · Jerome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 370–419

Revelation 3:10

Because you have kept My command to persevere, I will also keep you from the hour of testing that is about to come upon the whole world, to test those who dwell on the earth.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:10	4.51 · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 202-204
Rev 3:10	Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 12 · Tertullian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 211–213
Rev 3:10	Commentary on the Apocalypse 3.2 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century

Revelation 3:11

I am coming soon. Hold fast to what you have, so that no one will take your crown.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:11	On the Unity of the Catholic Church 20 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	251
Rev 3:11	To Fortunatus 8 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	253 or 257
Rev 3:11	On the Good of Patience 13 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	256
Rev 3:11	Letters 5.9 · Paulinus of Nola	quotation, high confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 3:11	On Rebuke and Grace 13 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 427
Rev 3:11	Consolatory Letter to Arcadius 1 · Antoninus Honoratus	quotation, high confidence	ca. 437-440
Rev 3:11	Part 2, chapter 31 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 3:12

The one who overcomes I will make a pillar in the temple of My God, and he will never again leave it. Upon him I will write the name of My God, and the name of the city of My God (the new Jerusalem that comes down out of heaven from My God), and My new name.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:12	Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 12 · Tertullian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 211–213
Rev 3:12	Commentary on John 10.295 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 3:12	Commentary on the Apocalypse 3.2 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 3:12	Exposition of Psalm 118 5.39.1 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 386-397

Revelation 3:14

To the angel of the church in Laodicea write: These are the words of the Amen, the faithful and true Witness, the Originator of God’s creation.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:14	Homilies on Numbers 11.4 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 3:14	Commentary on Romans 8.13 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Rev 3:14	Church History 5.2.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea	allusion, high confidence	ca. 300–325
Rev 3:14	On the Trinity 3 · Faustinus	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380–384
Rev 3:14	Exposition of Psalm 118 2.25.1 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 386-397

Revelation 3:15

I know your deeds; you are neither cold nor hot. How I wish you were one or the other!
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:15	Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 9.21.2 (98.2) · Hermas	echo, low confidence	ca. 100–150
Rev 3:15	Against Marcion 3.4 · Tertullian	echo, low confidence	207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Rev 3:15–16	On First Principles 3.4.3 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Rev 3:15	Commentary on the Apocalypse 3.3 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 3:15	Eleven Tractates 1.33 · Priscillian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380–385
Rev 3:15	Exposition of Psalm 118 2.25.1 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:15	Exposition of Psalm 118 18.14.1 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:15	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.28.6 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397
Rev 3:15	Letters 28.4 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, high confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 3:15	The Conferences 4.12 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429
Rev 3:15	The Conferences 4.19 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429
Rev 3:15	On the Governance of God 4.91 · Salvian of Marseilles	quotation, high confidence	ca. 439-451
Rev 3:15	On the Governance of God 4.92 · Salvian of Marseilles	quotation, high confidence	ca. 439-451

Revelation 3:16

So because you are lukewarm—neither hot nor cold—I am about to vomit you out of My mouth!
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:16	Homilies on Psalms 36-38 8.7 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 3:16	Commentary on Romans 9.9 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Rev 3:16	Commentary on the Apocalypse 3.3 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 3:16	Commentary on Romans 12:10–11 · Ambrosiaster	quotation, high confidence	ca. 366–384
Rev 3:16	Letter 31.3 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 3:16	Letter 54.6 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 3:16	Eleven Tractates 1.33 · Priscillian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380–385
Rev 3:16	Exposition of Psalm 118 2.25.1 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:16	Exposition of Psalm 118 2.25.3 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:16	Exposition of Psalm 118 18.14.1 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:16	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.28.6 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397
Rev 3:16	Letters 11.7 · Paulinus of Nola	echo, low confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 3:16	Letters 28.4 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, high confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 3:16	Tractates on the Gospel of John 99.3 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	ca. 406–420
Rev 3:16	City of God 13.24 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	413–426
Rev 3:16	The Conferences 3.9 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429
Rev 3:16	The Conferences 4.12 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429
Rev 3:16	The Conferences 4.17 · John Cassian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 426–429
Rev 3:16	The Conferences 4.19 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429
Rev 3:16	To the Church 4.45 · Salvian of Marseilles	quotation, high confidence	ca. 435-440
Rev 3:16	On the Governance of God 4.91 · Salvian of Marseilles	quotation, high confidence	ca. 439-451
Rev 3:16	On the Governance of God 4.92 · Salvian of Marseilles	quotation, high confidence	ca. 439-451

Revelation 3:17

You say, ‘I am rich; I have grown wealthy and need nothing.’ But you do not realize that you are wretched, pitiful, poor, blind, and naked.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:17	On Repentance 8 · Tertullian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 198–206
Rev 3:17	Against Novatian 2 · Anonymous	quotation, high confidence	after 251 (disputed)
Rev 3:17	On Works and Almsgiving 14 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 253
Rev 3:17	Three Letters to Sympronianus 1.5 · Pacian of Barcelona	allusion, high confidence	ca. 360-390
Rev 3:17	Exposition of Psalm 118 18.14.1 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:17	Sermon 365.4 · Augustine of Hippo	echo, medium confidence	ca. 391-430
Rev 3:17	Apologetic Book 30.6 · Orosius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 415–416
Rev 3:17	Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 5 · Eucherius of Lyon	quotation, high confidence	ca. 420-430
Rev 3:17	The Conferences 3.9 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429
Rev 3:17	The Conferences 4.19 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429
Rev 3:17	To the Church 4.45 · Salvian of Marseilles	quotation, high confidence	ca. 435-440

Revelation 3:18

I counsel you to buy from Me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich, white garments so that you may be clothed and your shameful nakedness not exposed, and salve to anoint your eyes so that you may see.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:18	The Instructor 2.3.39 · Clement of Alexandria	echo, low confidence	ca. 190–200
Rev 3:18	The Instructor 2.12.129 · Clement of Alexandria	echo, medium confidence	ca. 190–200
Rev 3:18	On Works and Almsgiving 14 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 253
Rev 3:18	Commentary on the Apocalypse 3.3 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 3:18	Eleven Tractates 1.33 · Priscillian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 380–385
Rev 3:18	Exposition of Psalm 118 18.14.2 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:18	Letter 94.1 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, low confidence	ca. 386–430
Rev 3:18	Sermon 317.2 · Augustine of Hippo	echo, low confidence	ca. 391-430
Rev 3:18	Poem 19, lines 34–64 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 393–431
Rev 3:18	Letters 23.26 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 3:18	Letters 31.2 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 3:18	Letters 32.24 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 3:18	Letters 45.1 · Paulinus of Nola	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 394–413
Rev 3:18	Confessions 7.12 · Augustine of Hippo	echo, low confidence	ca. 397–401
Rev 3:18	Tractates on the Gospel of John 18.11 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 406–420
Rev 3:18	The Conferences 3.9 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429

Revelation 3:19

Those I love I rebuke and discipline. Therefore be earnest and repent.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:19	On Patience 11 · Tertullian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 198–206
Rev 3:19	On the Lapsed 14 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	251
Rev 3:19	Paraenesis, or Exhortation to Penitence 2 · Pacian of Barcelona	quotation, high confidence	ca. 360-390
Rev 3:19	Exposition of Psalm 118 19.30.1 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:19	Letter 247.2 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386–430
Rev 3:19	Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.14 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 398–400
Rev 3:19	Against the Letter of Parmenian 2.22 · Augustine of Hippo	quotation, high confidence	ca. 400
Rev 3:19	The Conferences 6.11 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 426–429
Rev 3:19	Part 2, chapter 26 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 3:20

Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in and dine with him, and he with Me.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:20	Commentary on John 1.26 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 3:20	Commentary on John 13.199 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 3:20	Commentary on John 32.18 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 230–248
Rev 3:20	On Prayer 27.11 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 233–234
Rev 3:20	Homily on Isaiah 2 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 235–250
Rev 3:20	Homilies on Ezekiel 14.3 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Rev 3:20	Homilies on Joshua 20.1 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 3:20	Homilies on Joshua 24.3 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 3:20	Homilies on Jeremiah 14.8 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 240
Rev 3:20	Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.165 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Rev 3:20	Homily on the Song of Songs 2 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 240–250
Rev 3:20	Catechetical Lecture 16.20 · Cyril of Jerusalem	allusion, low confidence	ca. 350
Rev 3:20	Tractates on the Psalms 118.12.5 · Hilary of Poitiers	quotation, high confidence	ca. 360–367
Rev 3:20	Against the Manichees, Greek continuation of book 3, Lagarde p. 103 · Titus of Bostra	echo, low confidence	ca. 360s
Rev 3:20	Letter 22.26 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 3:20	Letter 64.3 · Jerome	echo, medium confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 3:20	Letter 145.5 · Jerome	echo, low confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 3:20	Ancoratus 69.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis	allusion, high confidence	374
Rev 3:20	On the Christian Faith 4.2 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 378–380
Rev 3:20	On the Complaints of Job and David 4.28 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 383-390
Rev 3:20	Exposition of Psalm 118 1.11.2 · Ambrose	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:20	Exposition of Psalm 118 4.27.2 · Ambrose	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:20	Exposition of Psalm 118 8.52.2 · Ambrose	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:20	Exposition of Psalm 118 12.12.4 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:20	Exposition of Psalm 118 12.13.1 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:20	Exposition of Psalm 118 19.30.1 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:20	Exposition of Psalm 118 19.40.2 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:20	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.35.1 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397
Rev 3:20	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.30.1 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 387-397
Rev 3:20	Sermon 87.11 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, low confidence	ca. 391-430
Rev 3:20	Poem 33, lines 97–132 · Paulinus of Nola	echo, low confidence	ca. 393–431
Rev 3:20	The Institutes 5.17 · John Cassian	quotation, high confidence	ca. 419–426

Revelation 3:21

To the one who overcomes, I will grant the right to sit with Me on My throne, just as I overcame and sat down with My Father on His throne.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 3:21	Miscellanies 7.10.56 · Clement of Alexandria	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 198–203
Rev 3:21	Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 12 · Tertullian	allusion, high confidence	ca. 211–213
Rev 3:21	Exhortation to Martyrdom 28 · Origen	allusion, medium confidence	235
Rev 3:21	Exhortation to Martyrdom 37 · Origen	allusion, low confidence	235
Rev 3:21	Letter 31.4 · Cyprian of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	249/250–258
Rev 3:21	Commentary on the Apocalypse 3.3 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 3:21	Exposition of Psalm 118 10.30.1 · Ambrose	quotation, high confidence	ca. 386-397
Rev 3:21	Poem 24, lines 795–826 · Paulinus of Nola	echo, medium confidence	ca. 393–431