Ezekiel 33 in the early church

[Vulgate: Ezechiel]

149 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ezekiel 33, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 2 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 20 · 22

Ezekiel 33:2

“Son of man, speak to your people and tell them: ‘Suppose I bring the sword against a land, and the people of that land choose a man from among them, appointing him as their watchman,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:2–6Apostolic Constitutions 2.6.9 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 33:2–9Sermon 339.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 33:5

Since he heard the sound of the horn but failed to heed the warning, his blood will be on his own head. If he had heeded the warning, he would have saved his life.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:5Commentary on 1 Corinthians 15:30–31 · Ambrosiasterallusion, medium confidenceca. 366–384

Ezekiel 33:6

But if the watchman sees the sword coming and fails to blow the horn to warn the people, and the sword comes and takes away a life, then that one will be taken away in his iniquity, but I will hold the watchman accountable for his blood.’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:6–8Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ezek 33:6Demonstration 7.26 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Ezek 33:6Demonstration 14.16 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Ezek 33:6Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 33:6–9Oration 16.15 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 33:6Letter 95.1 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:6–9Sermon 40.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:6Sermon 151.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:6Sermon 359.9 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:6Letters 2.1 · Anastasius Iecho, low confidenceca. 400-402
Ezek 33:6City of God 1.9 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426

Ezekiel 33:7

As for you, O son of man, I have made you a watchman for the house of Israel; so hear the word from My mouth and give them the warning from Me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:7Apostolic Constitutions 2.6.8 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 33:7Sermon 40.6 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:7–9Sermon 46.20 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:7–9Sermon 137.14 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 33:8

If I say to the wicked, ‘O wicked man, you will surely die,’ but you do not speak out to dissuade him from his way, then that wicked man will die in his iniquity, yet I will hold you accountable for his blood.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:8–9Demonstration 7.10 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Ezek 33:8–9On Saint Athanasius 2.22 · Lucifer of Cagliariecho, low confidenceca. 356–361
Ezek 33:8–9Apostolic Constitutions 2.6.9 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 33:8–9Sermon 17.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:8–9Sermon 376.4 · Augustine of Hippoecho, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:8On Rebuke and Grace 16 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 427

Ezekiel 33:9

But if you warn the wicked man to turn from his way, and he does not turn from it, he will die in his iniquity, but you will have saved your life.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:9Commentary on 1 Corinthians 15:30–31 · Ambrosiasterallusion, medium confidenceca. 366–384
Ezek 33:9Commentary on Galatians 4:12 · Ambrosiasterallusion, medium confidenceca. 366–384
Ezek 33:9Letter 29.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430

Ezekiel 33:10

Now as for you, son of man, tell the house of Israel that this is what they have said: ‘Our transgressions and our sins are heavy upon us, and we are wasting away because of them! How can we live?’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:10Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 113 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Ezek 33:10–11Against Novatian 10 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceafter 251 (disputed)
Ezek 33:10Letter 122.1 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:10Apostolic Constitutions 2.20.5 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 33:10–11Sermon 40.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:10Sermon 40.3 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 33:11

Say to them: ‘As surely as I live, declares the Lord GOD, I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that the wicked should turn from their ways and live. Turn! Turn from your evil ways! For why should you die, O house of Israel?’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:111 Clement 8.2 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Ezek 33:11The Instructor 1.7.58 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, medium confidenceca. 190–200
Ezek 33:11The Instructor 3.12.86 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, medium confidenceca. 190–200
Ezek 33:11Exhortation to the Greeks 12.118 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 190–200
Ezek 33:11Exhortation to the Greeks 12.119 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 190–200
Ezek 33:11Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 39.4 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, medium confidenceca. 190–210
Ezek 33:11Miscellanies 2.7.35 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 198–203
Ezek 33:11Miscellanies 2.23.147 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 198–203
Ezek 33:11Miscellanies 6.6.46 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203
Ezek 33:11On Prayer 7 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 198–206
Ezek 33:11On Repentance 4 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 198–206
Ezek 33:11On the Raising of Lazarus (homily), part 1 · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, high confidenceca. 200–235
Ezek 33:11Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 1 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 211–213
Ezek 33:11Against Marcion 2.8 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 33:11Against Marcion 2.13 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 33:11Against Marcion 2.17 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 33:11Against Marcion 4.10 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 33:11Against Marcion 4.32 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 33:11Against Marcion 5.11 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 33:11On Modesty 2 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 210–220
Ezek 33:11On Modesty 10 · Tertullianallusion, medium confidenceca. 210–220
Ezek 33:11On Modesty 18 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 210–220
Ezek 33:11On Modesty 22 · Tertullianallusion, medium confidenceca. 210–220
Ezek 33:11On the Resurrection of the Flesh 9 · Tertullianquotation, medium confidenceca. 208–212
Ezek 33:11PG 12:1451 (Ps 50 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ezek 33:11Homilies on Exodus 6.9 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ezek 33:11Homilies on Exodus 8.6 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ezek 33:11Homilies on Psalms 36-38 6.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ezek 33:11To Vigilius, on Jewish Unbelief 1 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence3rd century (disputed)
Ezek 33:11Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 113 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Ezek 33:11Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 117 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Ezek 33:11To Quirinus 3.114 · Cyprian of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Ezek 33:11On the Lapsed 36 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence251
Ezek 33:11On the Good of Patience 4 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, medium confidence256
Ezek 33:11Church History 5.1.46 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 300–325
Ezek 33:11Church History 6.42.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 300–325
Ezek 33:11Recognitions 10.49 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceGreek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407
Ezek 33:11Tricennial Oration (In Praise of Constantine) 11.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, medium confidence335–336
Ezek 33:11Demonstration 7.2 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Ezek 33:11Long recension, Philadelphians 11 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidencelater 4th century (probable)
Ezek 33:11On Apostate Kings 12 · Lucifer of Cagliariallusion, medium confidenceca. 356–361
Ezek 33:11Letter 44 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 357–378
Ezek 33:11Tractates on the Psalms 118.2.3 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ezek 33:11Tractates on the Psalms 118.8.18 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ezek 33:11Three Letters to Sympronianus 3.8 · Pacian of Barcelonaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-390
Ezek 33:11Paraenesis, or Exhortation to Penitence 6 · Pacian of Barcelonaallusion, medium confidenceca. 360-390
Ezek 33:11Paraenesis, or Exhortation to Penitence 12 · Pacian of Barcelonaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-390
Ezek 33:11Against the Manichees, Greek continuation of book 3, Lagarde p. 98 · Titus of Bostraquotation, high confidenceca. 360s
Ezek 33:11Oration 5.29 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 33:11Question 102, section 3 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
Ezek 33:11Question 102, section 8 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
Ezek 33:11Question 111, section 10 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 370–384
Ezek 33:11Letter 11.3 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:11Letter 41.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:11Letter 54.6 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:11Letter 77.4 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:11Letter 118.4 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:11Letter 122.1 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:11Letter 140.7 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:11Letter 147.3 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:11On Cain and Abel 2.38 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 375-378
Ezek 33:11Apostolic Constitutions 2.12.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 33:11Apostolic Constitutions 7.14.2 · Anonymousquotation, medium confidenceca. 380
Ezek 33:11Apostolic Constitutions 8.9.8 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 33:11Liber Orsiesii 33 · Orsiesiusallusion, medium confidenceca. 380-390
Ezek 33:11Book of Heresies 82.4 · Philastrius of Bresciaquotation, high confidenceca. 380s
Ezek 33:11Book of Heresies 132.3 · Philastrius of Bresciaquotation, high confidenceca. 380s
Ezek 33:11Letter 1 to Himerius of Tarragona, chapter 3 · Siricius, bishop of Romeallusion, medium confidence385
Ezek 33:11Letter 182.7 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ezek 33:11Homilies on Matthew 45.2 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Ezek 33:11Explanation of Twelve Psalms 43.46.1 · Ambroseecho, low confidenceca. 387-397
Ezek 33:11Sermon 40.4 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:11Sermon 71.37 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:11Sermon 223.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:11Sermon 250.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:11Sermon 382.5 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:11Poem 32, lines 221–255 · Paulinus of Nolaecho, medium confidenceca. 393–431
Ezek 33:11Against Adimantus, a Disciple of Mani 7 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 394
Ezek 33:11Against Adimantus, a Disciple of Mani 27 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 394
Ezek 33:11On the Nature of the Good 48 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 399
Ezek 33:11On Baptism, against the Donatists 2.15 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 400–401
Ezek 33:11Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 78–79 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence5th century (disputed)
Ezek 33:11Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 104 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence5th century (disputed)
Ezek 33:11Letter 30, chapter 6 · Innocent I, bishop of Romeallusion, high confidence401–417
Ezek 33:11Sermon 51 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, medium confidenceca. 425-450
Ezek 33:11Sermon 167 · Peter Chrysologusquotation, high confidenceca. 425-450
Ezek 33:11The Conferences 13.7 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Ezek 33:11Celestine, ACO I.2, letter 1.7 · Celestine I, bishop of Romeallusion, high confidence430-432
Ezek 33:11Commonitory 24 · Vincent of Lérinsallusion, high confidence434

Ezekiel 33:12

Therefore, son of man, say to your people: ‘The righteousness of the righteous man will not deliver him in the day of his transgression; neither will the wickedness of the wicked man cause him to stumble on the day he turns from his wickedness. Nor will the righteous man be able to survive by his righteousness on the day he sins.’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:12Dialogue with Trypho 47.5 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160
Ezek 33:12Commentary on Matthew 12.30 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 246–248
Ezek 33:12–13On Rebaptism 13 · Anonymousallusion, low confidenceca. 250–258 (disputed)
Ezek 33:12Against Novatian 13 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceafter 251 (disputed)
Ezek 33:12To Fortunatus 8 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence253 or 257
Ezek 33:12On the Good of Patience 13 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence256
Ezek 33:12Life of Antony 18 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357–360
Ezek 33:12Against the Arians 23 · Phoebadius of Agenquotation, high confidenceca. 357-358
Ezek 33:12Three Letters to Sympronianus 3.16 · Pacian of Barcelonaallusion, high confidenceca. 360-390
Ezek 33:12Commentary on Romans 14:16 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Ezek 33:12Question 102, section 20 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 370–384
Ezek 33:12Question 126, section 1 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 370–384
Ezek 33:12Letter 54.6 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:12Letter 122.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:12Letter 148.32 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 33:12On the Christian Life 2 · Fastidiusquotation, high confidenceca. 411-430
Ezek 33:12Apologetic Book 14.1 · Orosiusallusion, low confidenceca. 415–416
Ezek 33:12To the Church 4.9 · Salvian of Marseillesallusion, high confidenceca. 435-440

Ezekiel 33:13

If I tell the righteous man that he will surely live, but he then trusts in his righteousness and commits iniquity, then none of his righteous works will be remembered; he will die because of the iniquity he has committed.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:13The Conferences 17.25 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Ezekiel 33:14

But if I tell the wicked man, ‘You will surely die,’ and he turns from his sin and does what is just and right—

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:14–16Sermon 20.3 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 33:14The Conferences 17.25 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Ezekiel 33:15

if he restores a pledge, makes restitution for what he has stolen, and walks in the statutes of life without practicing iniquity—then he will surely live; he will not die.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:15Question 102, section 20 · Ambrosiasterallusion, low confidenceca. 370–384
Ezek 33:15The Conferences 17.25 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Ezekiel 33:16

None of the sins he has committed will be held against him. He has done what is just and right; he will surely live.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:16The Conferences 17.25 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Ezekiel 33:20

Yet you say, ‘The way of the Lord is not just.’ But I will judge each of you according to his ways, O house of Israel.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:20Dialogue with Trypho 47.5 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160

Ezekiel 33:22

Now the evening before the fugitive arrived, the hand of the LORD was upon me, and He opened my mouth before the man came to me in the morning. So my mouth was opened and I was no longer mute.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 33:22Demonstration 14.45 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Ezek 33:22Letter 123.12 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419