Ezekiel 34 in the early church

[Vulgate: Ezechiel]

169 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ezekiel 34, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31

Ezekiel 34:1

Then the word of the LORD came to me, saying,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:1–2Sermon 46.1 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:2

“Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel. Prophesy and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Woe to the shepherds of Israel, who only feed themselves! Should not the shepherds feed their flock?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:2On Dice-Players 2 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence3rd cent. (disputed)
Ezek 34:2–16Against Novatian 14 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceafter 251 (disputed)
Ezek 34:2Lepr. 17 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Ezek 34:2Preparation for the Gospel 12.44.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Ezek 34:2–3Demonstration 14.3 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Ezek 34:2Demonstration 14.25 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Ezek 34:2Defence before Constantius 26 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 353–357
Ezek 34:2Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:2Oration 26.3 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:2–5Apostolic Constitutions 2.18.8 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:2–6Liber Orsiesii 8 · Orsiesiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380-390

Ezekiel 34:3

You eat the fat, wear the wool, and butcher the fattened sheep, but you do not feed the flock.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:3On Modesty 7 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 210–220
Ezek 34:3Commentary on Romans 1.2 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ezek 34:3–4Letter 8.1 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Ezek 34:3–6Letter 57.4 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Ezek 34:3Lepr. 17 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Ezek 34:3Preparation for the Gospel 12.44.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Ezek 34:3–4Demonstration 14.25 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Ezek 34:3Oration 9.2 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:3Apostolic Constitutions 2.25.3 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:3–5Sermon 46.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:3Sermon 46.6 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:3Sermon 46.9 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:3Sermon 46.15 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:4

You have not strengthened the weak, healed the sick, bound up the injured, brought back the strays, or searched for the lost. Instead, you have ruled them with violence and cruelty.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:4To the Philippians 6.1 · Polycarp of Smyrnaecho, medium confidenceca. 110–135
Ezek 34:4Miscellanies 2.15.69 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203
Ezek 34:4On Modesty 7 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 210–220
Ezek 34:4Commentary on Romans 1.2 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ezek 34:4Commentary on Romans 2.8 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ezek 34:4Letter 55.15 · Cyprian of Carthageecho, low confidence249/250–258
Ezek 34:4–6Letter 68.4 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Ezek 34:4Preparation for the Gospel 12.44.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Ezek 34:4Demonstration 7.26 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Ezek 34:4Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:4Oration 9.2 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:4Homilies 3.1 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 363-378
Ezek 34:4Apostolic Constitutions 2.20.3 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:4Apostolic Constitutions 2.20.9 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:4Letter 105.13 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ezek 34:4Letter 173.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ezek 34:4Sermon 46.10 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:4Sermon 46.13 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:4Sermon 46.14 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:4Sermon 46.15 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:4Tractates on the Gospel of John 45.11 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 406–420
Ezek 34:4Preface · Eutherius of Tyanaecho, medium confidenceca. 431-440

Ezekiel 34:5

They were scattered for lack of a shepherd, and when they were scattered they became food for all the wild beasts.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:5On Flight in Persecution 11 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 208–213
Ezek 34:5On Modesty 7 · Tertullianallusion, high confidenceca. 210–220
Ezek 34:5Lepr. 17 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Ezek 34:5Demonstration 14.25 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Ezek 34:5Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:5–6Sermon 46.16 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:6

My flock went astray on all the mountains and every high hill. They were scattered over the face of all the earth, with no one to search for them or seek them out.’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:6Miscellanies 2.15.69 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203
Ezek 34:6Oration 1.7 · Gregory of Nazianzusecho, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:6Letter 93.19 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–430
Ezek 34:6Sermon 46.17 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:7

Therefore, you shepherds, hear the word of the LORD:

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:7–8Sermon 46.19 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:8

‘As surely as I live, declares the Lord GOD, because My flock lacks a shepherd and has become prey and food for every wild beast, and because My shepherds did not search for My flock but fed themselves instead,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:8Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:8Oration 9.2 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:8Apostolic Constitutions 2.18.9 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Ezekiel 34:9

therefore, you shepherds, hear the word of the LORD!’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:9–10Sermon 46.20 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:10

This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Behold, I am against the shepherds, and I will demand from them My flock and remove them from tending the flock, so that they can no longer feed themselves. For I will deliver My flock from their mouths, and it will no longer be food for them.’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:10Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 9.31.6 (108.6) · Hermasecho, medium confidenceca. 100–150
Ezek 34:10To Quirinus 1.14 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Ezek 34:10Letter 57.4 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Ezek 34:10Letter 68.4 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Ezek 34:10Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:10Apostolic Constitutions 2.18.10 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:10Sermon 46.21 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:10–12Sermon 46.23 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:11

For this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Behold, I Myself will search for My flock and seek them out.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:11–12On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339

Ezekiel 34:12

As a shepherd looks for his scattered sheep when he is among the flock, so I will look for My flock. I will rescue them from all the places to which they were scattered on a day of clouds and darkness.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:12Acts of Peter (Vercelli) 10 · Anonymousecho, medium confidenceca. 180–200
Ezek 34:12Didascalia 2.18 (Latin) · Anonymousquotation, high confidencefirst half of the third century
Ezek 34:12On the Deaths of the Persecutors 52.2 · Lactantiusecho, low confidenceca. 314–315

Ezekiel 34:13

I will bring them out from the peoples, gather them from the countries, and bring them into their own land. I will feed them on the mountains of Israel, in the ravines, and in all the settlements of the land.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:13–15Sermon 46.24 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:14

I will feed them in good pasture, and the lofty mountains of Israel will be their grazing land. There they will lie down in a good grazing land; they will feed in rich pasture on the mountains of Israel.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:14The Instructor 1.9.84 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
Ezek 34:14–15Sermon 46.25 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:15

I will tend My flock and make them lie down, declares the Lord GOD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:15–16Sermon 46.26 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:15Sermon 46.30 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:15Sermon 47.20 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:16

I will seek the lost, bring back the strays, bind up the broken, and strengthen the weak; but the sleek and strong I will destroy. I will shepherd them with justice.’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:16The Instructor 1.9.84 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
Ezek 34:16Didascalia 2.18 (Latin) · Anonymousquotation, high confidencefirst half of the third century
Ezek 34:16Commentary on Matthew 16.16 · Origenallusion, low confidenceca. 246–248
Ezek 34:16Commentary on Romans 2.8 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ezek 34:16To Quirinus 1.14 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, medium confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Ezek 34:16Letter 57.4 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Ezek 34:16Letter 68.4 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Ezek 34:16Demonstration 7.26 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Ezek 34:16Oration 13.4 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:16Oration 14.13 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Ezek 34:16Apostolic Constitutions 2.20.3 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:16Apostolic Constitutions 2.20.4 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:16Apostolic Constitutions 2.20.5 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:16Apostolic Constitutions 2.20.9 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:16Theological Oration 4 (Or. 30), On the Son 21 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidence380
Ezek 34:16Letter 185.31 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ezek 34:16Sermon 46.27 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:17

This is what the Lord GOD says to you, My flock: ‘I will judge between one sheep and another, between the rams and the goats.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:17Sibylline Oracles 8.411ff. · Anonymousallusion, high confidence2nd-3rd cent.
Ezek 34:17Didascalia 2.18 (Latin) · Anonymousquotation, high confidencefirst half of the third century
Ezek 34:17On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.9 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 337–339
Ezek 34:17On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.11 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 337–339
Ezek 34:17Letter 78.8 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 34:17–19Apostolic Constitutions 2.18.10 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:17Apostolic Constitutions 2.19.1 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:17Sermon 47.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:17Sermon 47.6 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:17Sermon 47.7 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:17Sermon 47.9 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:17Sermon 47.14 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:17Against Jovinianus 2.22 · Jeromequotation, high confidence393

Ezekiel 34:18

Is it not enough for you to feed on the good pasture? Must you also trample the rest of the pasture with your feet? Is it not enough for you to drink the clear waters? Must you also muddy the rest with your feet?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:18–19Demonstration 14.25 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Ezek 34:18Letter 78.8 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 34:18Letter 125.2 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ezek 34:18Sermon 47.9 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:18–19On 1 Cor 7:7.30 · Theodoret of Cyrusallusion, high confidenceca. 436-448

Ezekiel 34:19

Why must My flock feed on what your feet have trampled, and drink what your feet have muddied?’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:19Letter 125.2 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ezek 34:19Sermon 47.9 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:20

Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says to them: ‘Behold, I Myself will judge between the fat sheep and the lean sheep.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:20Prophetic Extracts 3.40 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Ezek 34:20–22Demonstration 7.26 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Ezek 34:20Sermon 47.15 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:21

Since you shove with flank and shoulder, butting all the weak ones with your horns until you have scattered them abroad,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:21Prophetic Extracts 3.40 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Ezek 34:21Sermon 47.16 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:21Sermon 47.19 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:21Against Jovinianus 2.22 · Jeromequotation, high confidence393

Ezekiel 34:22

I will save My flock, and they will no longer be prey. I will judge between one sheep and another.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:22Prophetic Extracts 3.40 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Ezek 34:22On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Ezek 34:22Sermon 47.19 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:23

I will appoint over them one shepherd, My servant David, and he will feed them. He will feed them and be their shepherd.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:23The Instructor 1.9.84 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, medium confidenceca. 190–200
Ezek 34:23Didascalia 2.18 (Latin) · Anonymousquotation, high confidencefirst half of the third century
Ezek 34:23PG 12:1119 (Ps 3 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ezek 34:23Commentary on John 1.146 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Ezek 34:23Prophetic Extracts 3.40 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Ezek 34:23–25On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.2 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Ezek 34:23On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.9 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 337–339
Ezek 34:23On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.12 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 337–339
Ezek 34:23–24On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Ezek 34:23Tractates on the Psalms 131.1 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ezek 34:23Question 111, section 1 · Ambrosiasterallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–384
Ezek 34:23On the Christian Faith 5.8 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 378–380
Ezek 34:23Homilies on Matthew 2.3 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Ezek 34:23Homilies on Matthew 57.1 · John Chrysostomallusion, low confidenceca. 390
Ezek 34:23Sermon 47.20 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:23Sermon 47.21 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:23City of God 18.34 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426

Ezekiel 34:24

I, the LORD, will be their God, and My servant David will be a prince among them. I, the LORD, have spoken.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:24Prophetic Extracts 3.40 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Ezek 34:24Tractates on the Psalms 131.1 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ezek 34:24On the Christian Faith 5.8 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 378–380
Ezek 34:24Sermon 47.21 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:24Sermon 47.24 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:24City of God 18.34 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426

Ezekiel 34:25

I will make with them a covenant of peace and rid the land of wild animals, so that they may dwell securely in the wilderness and sleep in the forest.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:25Didascalia 2.18 (Latin) · Anonymousquotation, high confidencefirst half of the third century
Ezek 34:25Prophetic Extracts 3.40 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Ezek 34:25Divine Institutes 5.23.3 · Lactantiusallusion, medium confidenceca. 303–311
Ezek 34:25On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.13 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Ezek 34:25Tractates on the Psalms 131.1 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Ezek 34:25Sermon 47.22 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:25Sermon 47.23 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:26

I will make them and the places around My hill a blessing. I will send down showers in season—showers of blessing.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:26Sermon 47.24 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:27

The trees of the field will give their fruit, and the land will yield its produce; My flock will be secure in their land. Then they will know that I am the LORD, when I have broken the bars of their yoke and delivered them from the hands that enslaved them.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:27Sermon 47.25 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:27Sermon 47.26 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:28

They will no longer be prey for the nations, and the beasts of the earth will not consume them. They will dwell securely, and no one will frighten them.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:28Sermon 47.27 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:29

And I will raise up for them a garden of renown, and they will no longer be victims of famine in the land or bear the scorn of the nations.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:29Sermon 47.27 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:30

Then they will know that I, the LORD their God, am with them, and that they, the house of Israel, are My people,’ declares the Lord GOD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:30–31Apostolic Constitutions 2.18.12 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 34:30Sermon 47.29 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Ezekiel 34:31

‘You are My flock, the sheep of My pasture, My people, and I am your God,’ declares the Lord GOD.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 34:31Didascalia 2.18 (Latin) · Anonymousquotation, high confidencefirst half of the third century
Ezek 34:31Homilies on Leviticus 3.3 · Origenquotation, low confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ezek 34:31Sermon 47.29 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:31Sermon 47.30 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Ezek 34:31Against Jovinianus 2.22 · Jeromequotation, high confidence393