Job 38 in the early church

126 passages quote, allude to, or echo Job 38, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 22 · 28 · 29 · 31 · 32 · 36 · 37 · 39 · 40 · 41

Job 38:1

Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said:

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:1Fragments on Job, column 87 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 220-254
Job 38:1Fragments on Job, column 97 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 220-254
Job 38:1Homilies on Ezekiel 4.8 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Job 38:1Res. 1.54 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Job 38:1Fragment on Job, no. 14 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Job 38:1Demonstration of the Gospel 1.5.18 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 38:1Demonstration of the Gospel 5.20.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 38:1Oration 21.13 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Job 38:1On the Complaints of Job and David 2.8 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 383-390
Job 38:1Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.57.3 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-397
Job 38:1On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 2.16 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidence411–412

Job 38:2

“Who is this who obscures My counsel by words without knowledge?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:2Fragment on Job, no. 15 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Job 38:2–4Apologetic Book 22.3 · Orosiusquotation, high confidenceca. 415–416

Job 38:3

Now brace yourself like a man; I will question you, and you shall inform Me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:3Fragments on Job, column 97 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 220-254
Job 38:3Fragment on Job, no. 16 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Job 38:3Oration 45.15 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Job 38:3Letter 22.11 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Job 38:3Theological Oration 1 (Or. 27), Against the Eunomians 8 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidence380
Job 38:3Hexameron (Exameron) 5.81 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Job 38:3–4Tractates 2 · Gaudentius of Bresciaquotation, high confidenceca. 397-410
Job 38:3Commentary on Jeremiah 1.9 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 414-419

Job 38:4

Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:4Fragment on Job, no. 17 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Job 38:4–5Demonstration of the Gospel 5.20.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 38:4–6Hexameron (Exameron) 1.22 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390

Job 38:5

Who fixed its measurements? Surely you know! Or who stretched a measuring line across it?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:5Fragment on Job, no. 18 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Job 38:6

On what were its foundations set, or who laid its cornerstone,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:6Fragment on Job, no. 19 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Job 38:6Hexaemeron 1.9 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 370
Job 38:6Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 26 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidence380

Job 38:7

while the morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted for joy?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:7Commentary on Matthew 15.27 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 246–248
Job 38:7–8Demonstration of the Gospel 5.20.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 38:7Homilies on Matthew 76.2 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Job 38:7City of God 11.9 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Job 38:7The Conferences 8.7 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Job 38:8

Who enclosed the sea behind doors when it burst forth from the womb,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:8–11Against Heresies 2.35.3 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, medium confidenceca. 180–190
Job 38:8–11Tricennial Oration (In Praise of Constantine) 1.4 · Eusebius of Caesareaecho, medium confidence335–336
Job 38:8Tractates on the Psalms 68.5 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 360–367
Job 38:8–11Titus of Bostra, Against the Manichees 2.63 · Titus of Bostraecho, low confidenceca. 360s
Job 38:8–11Apostolic Constitutions 8.12.4 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Job 38:8–11Hexameron (Exameron) 1.22 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Job 38:8Hexameron (Exameron) 3.13 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Job 38:8–11Book 1, lines 43–67 · Seduliusecho, medium confidenceca. 425-450
Job 38:8–11Book 1, section 2 · Seduliusecho, medium confidenceca. 425-450
Job 38:8Retractations 2.7 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence426-427

Job 38:10

when I fixed its boundaries and set in place its bars and doors,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:10Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.26.3 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, high confidence374-377
Job 38:10–11Apostolic Constitutions 8.46.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Job 38:10Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 27 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidence380
Job 38:10–11Hexameron (Exameron) 3.10 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390
Job 38:10–11Confessions 13.20 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 397–401

Job 38:11

and I declared: ‘You may come this far, but no farther; here your proud waves must stop’?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:111 Clement 20.7 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Job 38:11Prayer 2 4 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceuncertain
Job 38:11On Free Will 2.3 · Methodius of Olympusecho, low confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Job 38:11Recognitions 9.15 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceGreek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407
Job 38:11Life of Constantine 2.58.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaecho, low confidenceca. 337–339
Job 38:11Catechetical Lecture 9.8 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Job 38:11Oration 4.11 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Job 38:11Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.26.3 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Job 38:11Apostolic Constitutions 7.34.3 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Job 38:11Confessions 4.15 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 397–401
Job 38:11Poem on Genesis 31–60 · Hilary of Arlesecho, low confidenceca. 440-449

Job 38:12

In your days, have you commanded the morning or assigned the dawn its place,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:12Demonstration of the Gospel 5.20.2 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324

Job 38:14

The earth takes shape like clay under a seal; its hills stand out like the folds of a garment.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:14Symposium 2.2 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd century
Job 38:14Prophetic Extracts 3.8 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Job 38:14–17Demonstration of the Gospel 5.20.3 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324

Job 38:15

Light is withheld from the wicked, and their upraised arm is broken.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:15Prophetic Extracts 3.8 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Job 38:15Letters 2 · Capreolus of Carthagequotation, high confidence431-433

Job 38:16

Have you journeyed to the vents of the sea or walked in the trenches of the deep?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:16Fragment on Job, no. 21 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Job 38:16Prophetic Extracts 3.8 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Job 38:16–17Demonstration of the Gospel 5.20.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 38:16–17Demonstration of the Gospel 5.20.8 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 38:16–17Demonstration of the Gospel 9.12.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 38:16–17On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.3.16 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Job 38:16On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.3.25 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Job 38:16–17Tractates on the Psalms 68.5 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Job 38:16Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 12 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidence380
Job 38:16Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 27 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidence380
Job 38:16Letters 2 · Capreolus of Carthagequotation, high confidence431-433

Job 38:17

Have the gates of death been revealed to you? Have you seen the gates of the shadow of death?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:17On the Holy Pascha, fragment 2 (Nicetas catena on Luke) · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–235
Job 38:17Prophetic Extracts 3.8 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Job 38:17Demonstration of the Gospel 10.8.69 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 38:17Oration III Against the Arians 54 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Job 38:17Oration III Against the Arians 56 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Job 38:17Catechetical Lecture 11.23 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Job 38:17Catechetical Lecture 14.19 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, high confidenceca. 350
Job 38:17On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia 8 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidence359 (additions 361)
Job 38:17On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia 30 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidence359 (additions 361)
Job 38:17Letters 2 · Capreolus of Carthagequotation, high confidence431-433

Job 38:18

Have you surveyed the extent of the earth? Tell Me, if you know all this.

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ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:18Letters 2 · Capreolus of Carthagequotation, high confidence431-433

Job 38:22

Have you entered the storehouses of snow or observed the storehouses of hail,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:22To Autolycus 1.6 · Theophilus of Antiochallusion, high confidenceca. 180–185
Job 38:22Against Heresies 2.28.2 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
Job 38:22Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 28 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidence380

Job 38:28

Does the rain have a father? Who has begotten the drops of dew?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:28Letter to Paulinus of Tyre 7 · Eusebius of Nicomediaquotation, high confidenceca. 320–323
Job 38:28Catechetical Lecture 9.7 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Job 38:28Letter to Marius Victorinus 2 · Candidus the Arianquotation, high confidenceca. 355–360
Job 38:28Against Eunomius 2.23 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 364
Job 38:28Ancoratus 71.3 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374
Job 38:28Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 28 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidence380

Job 38:29

From whose womb does the ice emerge? Who gives birth to the frost from heaven,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:29Catechetical Lecture 9.7 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Job 38:29Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 28 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidence380

Job 38:31

Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt of Orion?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:31To Autolycus 1.6 · Theophilus of Antiochallusion, high confidenceca. 180–185
Job 38:31Preparation for the Gospel 11.7.8 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Job 38:31On the Trinity 12.53 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 356–360
Job 38:31–32Letter 189 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 360–390
Job 38:31–32Letter 64.18 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Job 38:31On the Christian Faith 5.16 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 378–380
Job 38:31Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 30 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidence380
Job 38:31–32Book of Heresies 103.2 · Philastrius of Bresciaallusion, medium confidenceca. 380s
Job 38:31Eleven Tractates 1.31 · Priscillianquotation, high confidenceca. 380–385
Job 38:31Letter 55.14 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–430
Job 38:31Hexameron (Exameron) 6.67 · Ambroseallusion, low confidenceca. 387-390
Job 38:31–32Against Jovinianus 2.23 · Jeromeallusion, high confidence393

Job 38:32

Can you bring forth the constellations in their seasons or lead out the Bear and her cubs?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:32On the Trinity 12.53 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 356–360
Job 38:32Instructions 2.3 · Eucherius of Lyonallusion, high confidenceca. 428-434

Job 38:36

Who has put wisdom in the heart or given understanding to the mind?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:36Homilies on Numbers 18.3 · Origenquotation, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Job 38:36On the Christian Faith 2.0 · Ambrosequotation, medium confidenceca. 378–380
Job 38:36Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 24 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidence380
Job 38:36Book of Heresies 117.2 · Philastrius of Bresciaquotation, medium confidenceca. 380s
Job 38:36Hexameron (Exameron) 1.22 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-390
Job 38:36Hexameron (Exameron) 5.25 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-390
Job 38:36Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 4 · Eucherius of Lyonquotation, high confidenceca. 420-430

Job 38:37

Who has the wisdom to count the clouds? Or who can tilt the water jars of the heavens

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:37Catechetical Lecture 9.7 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350

Job 38:39

Can you hunt the prey for a lioness or satisfy the hunger of young lions

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ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:39Eleven Tractates 1.11 · Priscillianallusion, low confidenceca. 380–385

Job 38:40

when they crouch in their dens and lie in wait in the thicket?

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ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:40Eleven Tractates 1.11 · Priscillianallusion, low confidenceca. 380–385

Job 38:41

Who provides food for the raven when its young cry out to God as they wander about for lack of food?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 38:41Fragments on the Song of Songs, chapter 4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Job 38:41Demonstration 13.9 · Aphrahatallusion, medium confidence337-345
Job 38:41Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.12.3 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Job 38:41Hexameron (Exameron) 5.25 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390