Job 39 in the early church
30 passages quote, allude to, or echo Job 39, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 19 · 26 · 30
Job 39:1
“Do you know when mountain goats give birth? Have you watched the doe bear her fawn?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:1 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.207 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Job 39:1 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.212 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Job 39:1 | On the Complaints of Job and David 4.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
| Job 39:1–2 | Hexameron (Exameron) 5.30 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-390 |
Job 39:2
Can you count the months they are pregnant? Do you know the time they give birth?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:2 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.212 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Job 39:2 | On the Complaints of Job and David 4.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
Job 39:3
They crouch down and bring forth their young; they deliver their newborn.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:3 | On the Complaints of Job and David 4.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
Job 39:4
Their young ones thrive and grow up in the open field; they leave and do not return.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:4 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.207 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Job 39:4 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.213 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Job 39:4 | On the Complaints of Job and David 4.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
Job 39:5
Who set the wild donkey free? Who released the swift donkey from the harness?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:5–6 | Demonstration 13.9 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Job 39:5 | Oration 26.13 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Job 39:5 | Commentary on Jeremiah 3.28 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Job 39:5 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 4 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
| Job 39:5 | The Conferences 18.6 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Job 39:6
I made the wilderness his home and the salt flats his dwelling.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:6 | The Conferences 18.6 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Job 39:7
He scorns the tumult of the city and never hears the shouts of a driver.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:7 | The Conferences 18.6 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Job 39:8
He roams the mountains for pasture, searching for any green thing.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:8 | The Conferences 18.6 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Job 39:9
Will the wild ox consent to serve you? Will he stay by your manger at night?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:9–12 | Homilies on Numbers 16.6 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Job 39:9 | Oration 26.13 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Job 39:9 | Eleven Tractates 1.11 · Priscillian | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 39:9 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.25.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Job 39:9 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 4 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
Job 39:10
Can you hold him to the furrow with a harness? Will he plow the valleys behind you?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:10 | Homilies on the Psalms 28.5 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
Job 39:19
Do you give strength to the horse or adorn his neck with a mane?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:19–25 | Hexameron (Exameron) 5.25 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Job 39:19–25 | Commentary on Isaiah 54:1-3 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 408-410 |
Job 39:26
Does the hawk take flight by your understanding and spread his wings toward the south?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:26 | Catechetical Lecture 9.8 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Job 39:26 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 4 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
Job 39:30
His young ones feast on blood; and where the slain are, there he is.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 39:30 | Demonstration 13.9 · Aphrahat | allusion, medium confidence | 337-345 |
| Job 39:30 | Letters 44.5 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |