Job 40 in the early church
83 passages quote, allude to, or echo Job 40, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 4 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 21 · 23
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Job 40:4
“Behold, I am insignificant. How can I reply to You? I place my hand over my mouth.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:4–5 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.3.12 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Job 40:4 | Letter 133.13 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Job 40:4 | On the Christian Faith 1.10 · Ambrose | allusion, low confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| Job 40:4 | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 40:4 | On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 2.16 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 411–412 |
| Job 40:4 (39:34 Vulg.) | Apologetic Book 22.4 · Orosius | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 415–416 |
Job 40:6
Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:6 | Commentary on John 1.97 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
Job 40:7
“Now brace yourself like a man; I will question you, and you shall inform Me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:7 (40:2 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 97 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:7 | Oration 45.15 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Job 40:7 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.36 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
Job 40:8
Would you really annul My justice? Would you condemn Me to justify yourself?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:8 (40:3 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 97 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:8 (40:3 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 99 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:8 | PG 12:1157 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:8 | On Prayer 29.17 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Job 40:8 | Homily on Luke 26 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Job 40:8 | Cib. 5 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Job 40:8 | Res. 1.54 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Job 40:8 | Fragment on Job, no. 22 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Job 40:8 | Oration 21.13 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Job 40:8 | Letter 108.18 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Job 40:8 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.48.9 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Job 40:8 | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 40:8 | Homilies on Matthew 33.11 · John Chrysostom | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
| Job 40:8 (40:3 LXX) | The Conferences 6.11 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Job 40:10
Then adorn yourself with majesty and splendor, and clothe yourself with honor and glory.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:10 (40:5 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 99 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:10 | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 40:10 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.36 · Ambrose | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 386–390 |
Job 40:11
Unleash the fury of your wrath; look on every proud man and bring him low.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:11 (40:6 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 99 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:11 | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 40:11 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.36 · Ambrose | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 386–390 |
Job 40:12
Look on every proud man and humble him; trample the wicked where they stand.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:12 (40:7 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 99 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:12 | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Job 40:13
Bury them together in the dust; imprison them in the grave.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:13 (40:8 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 99 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:13 | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Job 40:14
Then I will confess to you that your own right hand can save you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:14 | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Job 40:15
Look at Behemoth, which I made along with you. He feeds on grass like an ox.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:15 (40:10 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 99 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:15 | Against Celsus 6.25 · Origen | allusion, low confidence | ca. 248 |
| Job 40:15–41:34 | Against Celsus 6.43 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Job 40:15 | Fragment on Job, no. 23 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, low confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Job 40:15 | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 40:15 | Against Vigilantius 1 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 406 |
Job 40:16
See the strength of his loins and the power in the muscles of his belly.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:16 (40:11 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 99 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:16 (40:11 LXX) | Homilies on Ezekiel 6.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Job 40:16 (40:11 LXX) | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 6.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Job 40:16 (40:11 LXX) | Life of Antony 5 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Job 40:16 | Oration 40.40 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Job 40:16 (40:11 LXX) | Letter 7.3 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Job 40:16 (40:11 LXX) | Letter 22.11 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Job 40:16 (40:11 Vulg.) | Letter 130.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Job 40:16 | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 40:16 (40:11 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.33.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Job 40:16 (40:11 Vulg.) | Sermon 365.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Job 40:16 | Against Jovinianus 2.4 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Job 40:16 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 6 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
| Job 40:16 (40:11 LXX) | The Conferences 5.4 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| Job 40:16 (40:11 Vulg.) | Part 4, chapter 6 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Job 40:17
His tail sways like a cedar; the sinews of his thighs are tightly knit.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:17 | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Job 40:18
His bones are tubes of bronze; his limbs are rods of iron.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:18 | Eleven Tractates 1.13 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 40:18 | Homily 5 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Job 40:18 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 6 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
Job 40:19
He is the foremost of God’s works; only his Maker can draw the sword against him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:19–24 | On First Principles 4.1.5 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Job 40:19 | Commentary on John 1.95 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Job 40:19 | Commentary on John 1.96 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Job 40:19 | Commentary on John 1.97 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Job 40:19 (40:14 LXX) | Commentary on John 20.182 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Job 40:19 (40:14 LXX) | Commentary on John 20.235 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Job 40:19 | On Prayer 26.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Job 40:19 | Apology for Origen 5.1 · Pamphilus of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 308–310 (Rufinus's Latin about 397) |
| Job 40:19 | Catechetical Lecture 8.4 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 350 |
| Job 40:19 | Letter 124.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Job 40:19 | Eleven Tractates 1.13 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 40:19 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 11.20 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| Job 40:19 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 11.22 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
| Job 40:19 | City of God 11.15 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Job 40:19 | City of God 11.17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
| Job 40:19 (40:14 LXX) | Retractations 1.14 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 426-427 |
| Job 40:19 (40:14 Vulg.) | Part 4, chapter 4 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Job 40:21
He lies under the lotus plants, hidden among the reeds of the marsh.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:21 | PG 12:1179 (Ps 7 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 40:21–22 | Fragment on Job, no. 24 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Job 40:21 | Eleven Tractates 1.29 · Priscillian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 40:21–23 | Against Jovinianus 2.4 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Job 40:21 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 7 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
Job 40:23
Though the river rages, Behemoth is unafraid; he remains secure, though the Jordan surges to his mouth.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 40:23 (40:18 LXX) | Catechetical Lecture 3.11 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |