Isaiah 44 in the early church

[Vulgate: Isaias]

101 passages quote, allude to, or echo Isaiah 44, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 13 · 15 · 17 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28

Isaiah 44:1

But now listen, O Jacob My servant, Israel, whom I have chosen.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:1–2On Pascha 83 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardisecho, low confidenceca. 160-180
Isa 44:1Book of Rules 2 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Isaiah 44:2

This is the word of the LORD, your Maker, who formed you from the womb and who will help you: “Do not be afraid, O Jacob My servant, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:2Refutation of All Heresies 6.14.7 · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, medium confidenceca. 222–235
Isa 44:2Question 23, section 2 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
Isa 44:2Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 4.15 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, medium confidenceca. 420–421

Isaiah 44:3

For I will pour water on the thirsty land, and currents on the dry ground. I will pour out My Spirit on your descendants, and My blessing on your offspring.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:3Catechetical Lecture 16.30 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Isa 44:3On the Holy Spirit 10 · Didymus the Blindquotation, high confidenceGreek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391

Isaiah 44:4

They will sprout among the grass like willows by flowing streams.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:4Homilies on Ezekiel 1.5 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Isa 44:4Symposium 4.3 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, high confidencelate 3rd century
Isa 44:4Symposium 9.4 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd century
Isa 44:4Tractates on the Psalms 136.7 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367

Isaiah 44:5

One will say, ‘I belong to the LORD,’ another will call himself by the name of Jacob, and still another will write on his hand, ‘The LORD’s,’ and will take the name of Israel.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:5Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 7 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 211–213
Isa 44:5Against Marcion 4.39 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)

Isaiah 44:6

Thus says the LORD, the King and Redeemer of Israel, the LORD of Hosts: “I am the first and I am the last, and there is no God but Me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:6A Plea for the Christians 9 · Athenagorasquotation, high confidenceca. 176–180
Isa 44:6Hortatory Address to the Greeks 21 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence2nd–3rd century (disputed)
Isa 44:6Against Noetus 2 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–230
Isa 44:6Against Hermogenes 6 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 200–206
Isa 44:6On the Trinity 30 · Novatianquotation, high confidenceca. 240–250
Isa 44:6Res. 1.35 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Isa 44:6Homilies 16.7 · Anonymousquotation, medium confidence4th century (reworking earlier material)
Isa 44:6Recognitions 3.6 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceGreek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407
Isa 44:6Divine Institutes 4.29.10 · Lactantiusquotation, high confidenceca. 303–311
Isa 44:6Preparation for the Gospel 11.13.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Isa 44:6Against Marcellus 2.2.37 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 336–337
Isa 44:6On Ecclesiastical Theology 2.19.16 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Isa 44:6–9On Ecclesiastical Theology 2.22.2 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Isa 44:6Oration III Against the Arians 6 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Isa 44:6Oration III Against the Arians 8 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, medium confidenceca. 339–346
Isa 44:6Oration III Against the Arians 9 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Isa 44:6Long recension, Antiochians 2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidencelater 4th century (probable)
Isa 44:6On Receiving the Homoousion 4 · Marius Victorinusallusion, low confidenceca. 357–362
Isa 44:6On the Synods 38 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 358–359
Isa 44:6On the Synods 56 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 358–359
Isa 44:6On the Synods 57 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 358–359
Isa 44:6On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia 27 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidence359 (additions 361)
Isa 44:6On the Holy Spirit 18.45 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 374–375
Isa 44:6Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 25.2.3 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, high confidence374-377
Isa 44:6Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 57.2.1 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, medium confidence374-377
Isa 44:6Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 62.2.2 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Isa 44:6Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 62.7.1 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Isa 44:6Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 62.7.2 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Isa 44:6Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 62.7.6 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Isa 44:6Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.28.7 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Isa 44:6On the Christian Faith 5.9 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 378–380
Isa 44:6Theological Oration 5 (Or. 31), On the Holy Spirit 23 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidence380
Isa 44:6Eleven Tractates 1.3 · Priscillianquotation, high confidenceca. 380–385
Isa 44:6Eleven Tractates 5.89 · Priscillianquotation, high confidenceca. 380–385
Isa 44:6Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 5 · Evagrius of Gaulquotation, high confidenceca. 400
Isa 44:6Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 6 · Evagrius of Gaulallusion, high confidenceca. 400
Isa 44:6Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 7 · Evagrius of Gaulquotation, high confidenceca. 400
Isa 44:6Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 8 · Evagrius of Gaulquotation, high confidenceca. 400
Isa 44:6Hexameron (Exameron) 1.15 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-390
Isa 44:6Sermon 299.2 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Isa 44:6Exposition of the Right Faith 2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceearly 5th century (probably Theodoret)
Isa 44:6Sermon 57 · Peter Chrysologusquotation, high confidenceca. 425-450

Isaiah 44:7

Who then is like Me? Let him say so! Let him declare his case before Me, since I established an ancient people. Let him foretell the things to come, and what is to take place.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:7On the Trinity 30 · Novatianquotation, high confidenceca. 240–250
Isa 44:7Eleven Tractates 1.3 · Priscillianquotation, medium confidenceca. 380–385

Isaiah 44:8

Do not tremble or fear. Have I not told you and declared it long ago? You are My witnesses! Is there any God but Me? There is no other Rock; I know not one.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:8–9On Idolatry 4 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 196–211

Isaiah 44:9

All makers of idols are nothing, and the things they treasure are worthless. Their witnesses fail to see or comprehend, so they are put to shame.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:9–20Apocalypse of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 33 · Anonymousecho, medium confidenceca. 100–150
Isa 44:9To Diognetus 2.2 · Anonymousecho, medium confidenceca. 150–200 (disputed)
Isa 44:9First Apology 9 · Justin Martyrecho, medium confidenceca. 150–155
Isa 44:9Sibylline Oracles 8.371ff. · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence2nd-3rd cent.
Isa 44:9Against Heresies 3.6.3 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, medium confidenceca. 180–190
Isa 44:914 · Anonymousecho, low confidenceca. 180–185
Isa 44:9–20Octavius 23.13 · Minucius Felixecho, low confidenceca. 197–250
Isa 44:9–20Against the Nations 6.14 · Arnobius of Siccaecho, low confidenceca. 297–303
Isa 44:9–17Oration to the Assembly of the Saints 4.2 · Constantine the Greatecho, medium confidenceca. 325 (dated variously 317–325)
Isa 44:9–20Against the Heathen 14 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 318–325

Isaiah 44:13

The woodworker extends a measuring line; he marks it out with a stylus; he shapes it with chisels and outlines it with a compass. He fashions it in the likeness of man, like man in all his glory, that it may dwell in a shrine.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:13–17Book 1, lines 264–287 · Seduliusecho, medium confidenceca. 425-450
Isa 44:13–17Book 1, section 26 · Seduliusecho, medium confidenceca. 425-450

Isaiah 44:15

It serves as fuel for man. He takes some of it to warm himself, and he kindles a fire and bakes his bread. He also fashions it into a god and worships it; he makes an idol and bows down to it.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:15To Autolycus 2.2 · Theophilus of Antiochecho, medium confidenceca. 180–185
Isa 44:15–17Catechetical Lecture 6.8 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, high confidenceca. 350
Isa 44:15Poem 32, lines 1–31 (XXXII) · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, medium confidenceca. 393–431

Isaiah 44:17

From the rest he makes a god, his graven image. He bows down to it and worships; he prays to it and says, “Save me, for you are my god.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:17Epitome of the Divine Institutes 20.11 · Lactantiusecho, low confidenceca. 314–320

Isaiah 44:20

He feeds on ashes. His deluded heart has led him astray, and he cannot deliver himself or say, “Is not this thing in my right hand a lie?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:20On Idolatry 4 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 196–211
Isa 44:20On the Resurrection of the Flesh 3 · Tertullianallusion, medium confidenceca. 208–212

Isaiah 44:21

Remember these things, O Jacob, for you are My servant, O Israel. I have made you, and you are My servant; O Israel, I will never forget you.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:21Book of Rules 2 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Isaiah 44:22

I have blotted out your transgressions like a cloud, and your sins like a mist. Return to Me, for I have redeemed you.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:22Homily on Luke 17 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–250
Isa 44:22Homilies on Psalms 36-38 9.5 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Isa 44:22Commentary on Romans 3.1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Isa 44:22Commentary on Romans 7.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Isa 44:22Catechetical Lecture 18.33 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Isa 44:22Tractates on the Psalms 118.4.10 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Isa 44:22Letter 122.2 · Jeromequotation, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 44:22Book of Rules 2 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Isa 44:22The Conferences 20.7 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Isaiah 44:24

Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer who formed you from the womb: “I am the LORD, who has made all things, who alone stretched out the heavens, who by Myself spread out the earth,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:24To Autolycus 1.7 · Theophilus of Antiochallusion, high confidenceca. 180–185
Isa 44:24Against Hermogenes 6 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 200–206
Isa 44:24Against Praxeas 18 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 213 or later
Isa 44:24Against Praxeas 19 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 213 or later
Isa 44:24Preparation for the Gospel 7.11.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Isa 44:24Oration III Against the Arians 9 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Isa 44:24On the Decrees of Nicaea 9 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 350–356
Isa 44:24Homilies 23.2 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 363-378
Isa 44:24On the Christian Faith 5.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 378–380

Isaiah 44:25

who foils the signs of false prophets and makes fools of diviners, who confounds the wise and turns their knowledge into nonsense,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:25Against Marcion 4.25 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 44:25Against Praxeas 19 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 213 or later

Isaiah 44:26

who confirms the message of His servant and fulfills the counsel of His messengers, who says of Jerusalem, ‘She will be inhabited,’ and of the cities of Judah, ‘They will be rebuilt, and I will restore their ruins,’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:26Against Praxeas 19 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 213 or later

Isaiah 44:27

who says to the depths of the sea, ‘Be dry, and I will dry up your currents,’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:27Hexaemeron 3.6 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 370
Isa 44:27Hexameron (Exameron) 2.12 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-390

Isaiah 44:28

who says of Cyrus, ‘My shepherd will fulfill all that I desire,’ who says of Jerusalem, ‘She will be rebuilt,’ and of the temple, ‘Let its foundation be laid.’”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 44:28Demonstration 14.28 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345