Malachi 3 in the early church

[Vulgate: Malachias]

161 passages quote, allude to, or echo Malachi 3, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18

Malachi 3:1

“Behold, I will send My messenger, who will prepare the way before Me. Then the Lord whom you seek will suddenly come to His temple—the Messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight—see, He is coming,” says the LORD of Hosts.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:11 Clement 23.5 · Clement of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Mal 3:1Against Heresies 3.10.5 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
Mal 3:1Against Heresies 3.11.4 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
Mal 3:1Against the Jews 9 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 197–207
Mal 3:1Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 8 · Tertullianallusion, medium confidenceca. 211–213
Mal 3:1Against Marcion 4.18 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Mal 3:1Commentary on John 1.81 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Mal 3:1Commentary on John 2.145 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Mal 3:1Commentary on John 2.186 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Mal 3:1Commentary on John 2.192 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 230–248
Mal 3:1Commentary on John 6.99 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Mal 3:1Commentary on John 6.124 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Mal 3:1Commentary on John 6.129 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Mal 3:1Commentary on John 6.130 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Mal 3:1Commentary on John 6.131 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Mal 3:1Commentary on John 6.206 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Mal 3:1Homily on Luke 10 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–250
Mal 3:1Homilies on Joshua 1.4 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Mal 3:1Homilies on Joshua 3.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Mal 3:1Against Celsus 2.4 · Origenquotation, medium confidenceca. 248
Mal 3:1Commentary on Matthew 17.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 246–248
Mal 3:1Prophetic Extracts 1.11 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Mal 3:1Prophetic Extracts 1.17 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Mal 3:1Prophetic Extracts 3.31 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Mal 3:1Demonstration of the Gospel 4.17.8 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Mal 3:1–2Demonstration of the Gospel 5.28.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Mal 3:1Demonstration of the Gospel 5.28.2 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Mal 3:1–2Demonstration of the Gospel 5.28.3 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Mal 3:1Demonstration of the Gospel 9.5.12 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Mal 3:1Book 2, lines 525–547 · Juvencusquotation, high confidenceca. 330
Mal 3:1Catechetical Lecture 12.9 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Mal 3:1Catechetical Lecture 15.2 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Mal 3:1Commentary on Matthew 11 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 353–355
Mal 3:1Tractates 2.7.3 · Zeno of Veronaquotation, high confidenceca. 362-380
Mal 3:1Tractates 2.13.4 · Zeno of Veronaquotation, high confidenceca. 362-380
Mal 3:1Commentary on Galatians 3:19 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Mal 3:1Question 57, section 1 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 370–384
Mal 3:1Letter 38.3 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Mal 3:1Letter 57.9 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Mal 3:1Letter 108.23 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Mal 3:1Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.6 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, medium confidence374-377
Mal 3:1Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.17 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, medium confidence374-377
Mal 3:1Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 62.5.2 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, medium confidence374-377
Mal 3:1On the Christian Faith 4.1 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 378–380
Mal 3:1Homilies on Matthew 19.11 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Mal 3:1Homilies on Matthew 37.2 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Mal 3:1Homilies on Matthew 37.3 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Mal 3:1On Elijah and Fasting 4 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Mal 3:1Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.26.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Mal 3:1Sermon 66.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Mal 3:1Sermon 351.8 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Mal 3:1Poem 6, lines 286–318 · Paulinus of Nolaquotation, high confidenceca. 393–431
Mal 3:1Letters 29.7 · Paulinus of Nolaquotation, high confidenceca. 394–413
Mal 3:1Tractates 17 · Gaudentius of Bresciaquotation, high confidenceca. 397-410
Mal 3:1The Harmony of the Gospels 2.18 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 399–400
Mal 3:1Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 34 · Rufinus of Aquileiaquotation, high confidenceca. 404
Mal 3:1Tractates on the Gospel of John 14.10 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 406–420
Mal 3:1City of God 15.23 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Mal 3:1City of God 18.35 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Mal 3:1–6City of God 20.25 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Mal 3:1In Praise of the Desert 21 · Eucherius of Lyonallusion, medium confidenceca. 427-428
Mal 3:1–2Part 4, chapter 17 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Malachi 3:2

But who can endure the day of His coming? And who can stand when He appears? For He will be like a refiner’s fire, like a launderer’s soap.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:2To Diognetus 7.6 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 150–200 (disputed)
Mal 3:2On Prayer 29.15 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–234
Mal 3:2Against Celsus 4.13 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Mal 3:2Against Celsus 5.15 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Mal 3:2–3Against Celsus 6.25 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Mal 3:2Prophetic Extracts 3.31 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Mal 3:2Catechetical Lecture 15.2 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Mal 3:2Oration 21.7 · Gregory of Nazianzusecho, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Mal 3:2Exposition of Psalm 118 3.15.3 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 386-397
Mal 3:2Homilies on Matthew 19.11 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Mal 3:2Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.26.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Mal 3:2Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 34 · Rufinus of Aquileiaquotation, high confidenceca. 404
Mal 3:2City of God 18.35 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Mal 3:2–3Part 4, chapter 19 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Malachi 3:3

And He will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; He will purify the sons of Levi and refine them like gold and silver. Then they will present offerings to the LORD in righteousness.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:3Sibylline Oracles 8.411ff. · Anonymousecho, medium confidence2nd-3rd cent.
Mal 3:3On First Principles 2.10.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Mal 3:3Homilies on Exodus 6.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Mal 3:3Against Celsus 4.13 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 248
Mal 3:3To Quirinus 3.57 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Mal 3:3Prophetic Extracts 3.31 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Mal 3:3Apology for Origen 8.1 · Pamphilus of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 308–310 (Rufinus's Latin about 397)
Mal 3:3Catechetical Lecture 15.2 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Mal 3:3On the Soul and the Resurrection, Migne page 99 · Gregory of Nyssaecho, low confidenceca. 379–380
Mal 3:3Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.26.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Mal 3:3Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.26.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Mal 3:3Letters 18.10 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, medium confidenceca. 394–413
Mal 3:3The Harmony of the Gospels 1.46 · Augustine of Hippoecho, low confidenceca. 399–400
Mal 3:3Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 34 · Rufinus of Aquileiaquotation, high confidenceca. 404
Mal 3:3–6City of God 20.26 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426

Malachi 3:5

“Then I will draw near to you for judgment. And I will be a swift witness against sorcerers and adulterers and perjurers, against oppressors of the widowed and fatherless, and against those who defraud laborers of their wages and deny justice to the foreigner but do not fear Me,” says the LORD of Hosts.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:5Catechetical Lecture 15.2 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350

Malachi 3:6

“Because I, the LORD, do not change, you descendants of Jacob have not been destroyed.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:6Commentary on Daniel 2.27 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 202-204
Mal 3:6Homily on 1 Samuel 1.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Mal 3:6On the Trinity 4 · Novatianquotation, high confidenceca. 240–250
Mal 3:6Against Celsus 1.21 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Mal 3:6Against Celsus 4.14 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Mal 3:6Against Celsus 6.62 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Mal 3:6Prophetic Extracts 1.3 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Mal 3:6Preparation for the Gospel 11.10.15 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Mal 3:6Preparation for the Gospel 11.10.16 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Mal 3:6Preparation for the Gospel 13.3.42 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Mal 3:6Letter 1.8 · Alexander of Alexandriaecho, low confidenceca. 319–324
Mal 3:6Letter 2.3 · Alexander of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 319–324
Mal 3:6–7Demonstration 19.5 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Mal 3:6Oration I Against the Arians 36 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Mal 3:6Oration II Against the Arians 10 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Mal 3:6Twelve Chapters on the Faith 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusquotation, high confidence4th–5th century (disputed)
Mal 3:6On the Trinity 4.8 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 356–360
Mal 3:6On the Trinity 7.27 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 356–360
Mal 3:6On the Trinity 10.58 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 356–360
Mal 3:6On the Trinity 11.47 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 356–360
Mal 3:6Letters 261, 262 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 357–378
Mal 3:6Tractates on the Psalms 2.18 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Mal 3:6Oration 36.8 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Mal 3:6Tractates 2.19.1 · Zeno of Veronaquotation, high confidenceca. 362-380
Mal 3:6Tractates 2.20.1 · Zeno of Veronaquotation, high confidenceca. 362-380
Mal 3:6Against Eunomius 1.8 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 364
Mal 3:6Homilies 23.2 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 363-378
Mal 3:6Letter to Epictetus 5 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, medium confidenceca. 370
Mal 3:6Letter 65.4 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Mal 3:6On the Christian Faith 1.19 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 378–380
Mal 3:6Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 33–36 · Anonymousecho, low confidence5th century (disputed)
Mal 3:6The Conferences 6.14 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Mal 3:6Part 2 · Eutherius of Tyanaquotation, medium confidenceca. 431-440
Mal 3:6Theodotus, ACO I.1.2, homily 73.2 · Theodotus of Ancyraquotation, high confidence431

Malachi 3:7

Yet from the days of your fathers, you have turned away from My statutes and have not kept them. Return to Me, and I will return to you,” says the LORD of Hosts. “But you ask, ‘How can we return?’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:7To Vigilius, on Jewish Unbelief 1 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence3rd century (disputed)
Mal 3:7Demonstration 14.2 · Aphrahatquotation, medium confidence337-345
Mal 3:7Demonstration 19.3 · Aphrahatquotation, medium confidence337-345
Mal 3:7Liber Orsiesii 33 · Orsiesiusallusion, medium confidenceca. 380-390
Mal 3:7Letter 6, chapter 1 · Sixtus III, bishop of Romequotation, medium confidence432–440

Malachi 3:8

Will a man rob God? Yet you are robbing Me! But you ask, ‘How do we rob You?’ In tithes and offerings.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:8Oration to the Greeks 10 · Tatianecho, low confidenceca. 165–172
Mal 3:8Oration 16.18 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383

Malachi 3:12

“Then all the nations will call you blessed, for you will be a land of delight,” says the LORD of Hosts.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:12Sang. 9 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, medium confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Mal 3:12Letter 129.2 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Mal 3:12Eleven Tractates 5.90 · Priscillianquotation, medium confidenceca. 380–385

Malachi 3:13

“Your words against Me have been harsh,” says the LORD. “Yet you ask, ‘What have we spoken against You?’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:13–18On Saint Athanasius 1.38 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361
Mal 3:13Liber Orsiesii 15 · Orsiesiusallusion, medium confidenceca. 380-390
Mal 3:13City of God 18.35 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426

Malachi 3:14

You have said, ‘It is futile to serve God. What have we gained by keeping His requirements and walking mournfully before the LORD of Hosts?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:14PG 12:1523 (Ps 72 LXX) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Mal 3:14Homilies on Psalms 36-38 2.2 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Mal 3:14Letter 147.2 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Mal 3:14Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 43.1.4 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Mal 3:14On the Complaints of Job and David 2.17 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 383-390
Mal 3:14–15Sermon 17.4 · Augustine of Hippoecho, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Mal 3:14City of God 18.35 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Mal 3:14–15City of God 20.28 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Mal 3:14City of God 20.29 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Mal 3:14The Conferences 6.2 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Malachi 3:15

So now we call the arrogant blessed. Not only do evildoers prosper, they even test God and escape.’”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:15Miscellanies 3.4.38 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 198–203
Mal 3:15Letter 147.2 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Mal 3:15Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 43.1.4 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Mal 3:15City of God 18.35 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Mal 3:15The Conferences 6.2 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Malachi 3:16

At that time those who feared the LORD spoke with one another, and the LORD listened and heard them. So a scroll of remembrance was written before Him regarding those who feared the LORD and honored His name.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:161 Clement 45.8 · Clement of Romeecho, medium confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Mal 3:16PG 12:1523 (Ps 72 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Mal 3:16City of God 18.35 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426

Malachi 3:17

“They will be Mine,” says the LORD of Hosts, “on the day when I prepare My treasured possession. And I will spare them as a man spares his own son who serves him.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:17City of God 18.35 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Mal 3:17–4:3City of God 20.27 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426

Malachi 3:18

So you will again distinguish between the righteous and the wicked, between those who serve God and those who do not.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Mal 3:18Letter 147.2 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Mal 3:18City of God 18.35 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426