Isaiah 3 in the early church
[Vulgate: Isaias]
150 passages quote, allude to, or echo Isaiah 3, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25
Isaiah 3:1
For behold, the Lord GOD of Hosts is about to remove from Jerusalem and Judah both supply and support: the whole supply of food and water,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:1–3 | Against the Jews 13 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 197–207 |
| Isa 3:1–3 | Against the Jews 6 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Isa 3:1 | Against Marcion 3.23 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 3:1–3 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.10 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Isa 3:1 | Homilies on Jeremiah 10.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Isa 3:1 | Homilies on Jeremiah 14.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Isa 3:1 | Commentary on Matthew 14.19 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Isa 3:1 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Isa 3:1 | To Quirinus 1.22 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| Isa 3:1 | Prophetic Extracts 4.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 3:1–3 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.74 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 3:1 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.76 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 3:1 | Homilies on the Psalms 28.5 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| Isa 3:1 | Exposition of Psalm 118 21.12.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 3:1–3 | Tractates 10 · Gaudentius of Brescia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397-410 |
Isaiah 3:2
the mighty man and the warrior, the judge and the prophet, the soothsayer and the elder,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:2 | Homilies on Jeremiah 10.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Isa 3:2 | Homilies on Jeremiah 14.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Isa 3:2 | Commentary on Matthew 14.19 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Isa 3:2 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Isa 3:2 | Prophetic Extracts 4.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Isaiah 3:3
the commander of fifty and the dignitary, the counselor, the cunning magician, and the clever enchanter.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:3 | Against Marcion 3.23 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 3:3 | Against Marcion 5.6 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 3:3 | Against Marcion 5.8 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 3:3 | Homilies on Jeremiah 10.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Isa 3:3 | Homilies on Jeremiah 14.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240 |
| Isa 3:3 | Commentary on Matthew 14.19 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Isa 3:3 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Isa 3:3 | Prophetic Extracts 4.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 3:3 | On the Holy Spirit 1.2 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 374–375 |
| Isa 3:3 | On Noah 26 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 378-384 |
| Isa 3:3 | On the Duties of the Clergy 2.12 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| Isa 3:3 | Exposition of Psalm 118 15.14.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 3:3 | Exposition of Psalm 118 21.12.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
Isaiah 3:4
“I will make mere lads their leaders, and children will rule over them.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:4 | Prophetic Extracts 4.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 3:4 | Titus of Bostra, Against the Manichees 2.20 · Titus of Bostra | echo, low confidence | ca. 360s |
| Isa 3:4 | Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Isaiah 3:5
The people will oppress one another, man against man, neighbor against neighbor; the young will rise up against the old, and the base against the honorable.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:5 | 1 Clement 3.3 · Clement of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Isa 3:5 | Liber Orsiesii 12 · Orsiesius | allusion, low confidence | ca. 380-390 |
Isaiah 3:7
On that day he will cry aloud: “I am not a healer. I have no food or clothing in my house. Do not make me leader of the people!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:7 | Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Isaiah 3:8
For Jerusalem has stumbled and Judah has fallen because they spoke and acted against the LORD, defying His glorious presence.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:8 | Prophetic Extracts 4.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 3:8 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.76 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Isaiah 3:9
The expression on their faces testifies against them, and like Sodom they flaunt their sin; they do not conceal it. Woe to them, for they have brought disaster upon themselves.
Isaiah 3:10
Tell the righteous it will be well with them, for they will enjoy the fruit of their labor.
Isaiah 3:11
Woe to the wicked; disaster is upon them! For they will be repaid with what their hands have done.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 17.2 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Isa 3:11 | Dialogue with Trypho 133.2 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Isa 3:11 | Commentary on Matthew 13.30 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 246–248 |
Isaiah 3:12
Youths oppress My people, and women rule over them. O My people, your guides mislead you; they turn you from your paths.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:12 | Dialogue with Trypho 133.2 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Isa 3:12 | Dialogue with Trypho 133.3 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Isa 3:12 | Letters to Virgins 1.11.7 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century |
| Isa 3:12 | Against Marcion 4.15 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 3:12 | Against Marcion 4.27 · Tertullian | quotation, medium confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 3:12 | Homily on Luke 35 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Isa 3:12 | To Quirinus 3.115 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| Isa 3:12 | Letter 34.2 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Isa 3:12 | On the Lapsed 14 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 251 |
| Isa 3:12 | Prophetic Extracts 4.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 3:12 | Demonstration of the Gospel 9.8.14 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 3:12 | Demonstration 14.25 · Aphrahat | quotation, medium confidence | 337-345 |
| Isa 3:12 | On Apostate Kings 12 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Isa 3:12 | Paraenesis, or Exhortation to Penitence 5 · Pacian of Barcelona | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-390 |
| Isa 3:12 | Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 3:12 | Letter 125.19 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Isa 3:12 | Letter 148.17 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Isa 3:12 | On Tobit 35 · Ambrose | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Isa 3:12 | Liber Orsiesii 8 · Orsiesius | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Isa 3:12 | Eleven Tractates 7.116 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Isa 3:12 | Eleven Tractates 10.129 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Isa 3:12 | Letter 33.3 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Isa 3:12 | Sermon 75.10 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Isa 3:12 | Against Jovinianus 2.37 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Isa 3:12 | Against the Letter of Parmenian 3.26 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400 |
Isaiah 3:13
The LORD arises to contend; He stands to judge the people.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:13 | Dialogue with Trypho 133.3 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Isa 3:13–14 | Against Marcion 4.42 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 3:13 | Prophetic Extracts 4.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 3:13–15 | Demonstration 14.5 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
Isaiah 3:14
The LORD brings this charge against the elders and leaders of His people: “You have devoured the vineyard; the plunder of the poor is in your houses.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:14 | Dialogue with Trypho 133.3 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Isa 3:14 | Against Marcion 4.14 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 3:14 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 20 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Isa 3:14 | Homilies on Leviticus 4.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Isa 3:14 | Homilies on Numbers 20.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Isa 3:14 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 5.4 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Isa 3:14 | Homilies on Jeremiah 15.3 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 240 |
| Isa 3:14 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Isa 3:14 | Commentary on Romans 8.10 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Isa 3:14 | Prophetic Extracts 4.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 3:14 | Catechetical Lecture 12.12 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Isa 3:14 | Catechetical Lecture 13.11 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Isa 3:14–15 | On Saint Athanasius 1.39 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| Isa 3:14 | Oration 16.18 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 3:14 | Liber Orsiesii 8 · Orsiesius | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Isa 3:14 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.71.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Isa 3:14 | Sermon 37.19 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Isa 3:14 | Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 21 · Rufinus of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 404 |
Isaiah 3:15
Why do you crush My people and grind the faces of the poor?” declares the Lord GOD of Hosts.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:15 | Dialogue with Trypho 133.3 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Isa 3:15 | Against Marcion 4.14 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 3:15 | Commentary on Romans 8.10 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
Isaiah 3:16
The LORD also says: “Because the daughters of Zion are haughty—walking with heads held high and wanton eyes, prancing and skipping as they go, jingling the bracelets on their ankles—
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:16 | Dialogue with Trypho 27.3 · Justin Martyr | quotation, high confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Isa 3:16 | The Instructor 3.11.72 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Isa 3:16 | Against Marcion 4.15 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 3:16 | Instructions 2.19 · Commodian | quotation, high confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Isa 3:16 | On the Dress of Virgins 13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 249 |
| Isa 3:16 | Tractates on the Psalms 128.8 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Isa 3:16 | Letter 107.6 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Isa 3:16 | On Noah 54 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 378-384 |
| Isa 3:16 | Liber Orsiesii 43 · Orsiesius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Isa 3:16 | Exposition of Psalm 118 1.5.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 3:16 | Exposition of Psalm 118 8.45.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 3:16 | Homilies on Matthew 17.3 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Isa 3:16–24 | Homilies on Matthew 89.2 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Isa 3:16 | Poem 25, lines 65–96 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
Isaiah 3:17
the Lord will bring sores on the heads of the daughters of Zion, and the LORD will make their foreheads bare.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:17 | The Instructor 3.11.72 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Isa 3:17 | On the Dress of Virgins 13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 249 |
Isaiah 3:18
In that day the Lord will take away their finery: their anklets and headbands and crescents;
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:18–24 | On the Dress of Women 2.10 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 197–206 |
| Isa 3:18 | Instructions 2.19 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Isa 3:18 | On the Dress of Virgins 13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 249 |
Isaiah 3:19
their pendants, bracelets, and veils;
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:19 | On the Dress of Virgins 13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 249 |
Isaiah 3:20
their headdresses, ankle chains, and sashes; their perfume bottles and charms;
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:20 | On the Dress of Virgins 13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 249 |
| Isa 3:20 | Instructions 2.10 · Eucherius of Lyon | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 428-434 |
Isaiah 3:21
their signet rings and nose rings;
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:21 | On the Dress of Virgins 13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 249 |
Isaiah 3:22
their festive robes, capes, cloaks, and purses;
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:22 | On the Dress of Virgins 13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 249 |
Isaiah 3:23
and their mirrors, linen garments, tiaras, and shawls.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:23 | On the Dress of Virgins 13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 249 |
Isaiah 3:24
Instead of fragrance there will be a stench; instead of a belt, a rope; instead of styled hair, baldness; instead of fine clothing, sackcloth; instead of beauty, shame.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:24 | On First Principles 2.3.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Isa 3:24 | On the Dress of Virgins 13 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 249 |
| Isa 3:24 | Poem 25, lines 65–96 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
Isaiah 3:25
Your men will fall by the sword, and your warriors in battle.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 3:25 | Homily on Isaiah 3 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 235–250 |