Isaiah 28 in the early church

[Vulgate: Isaias]

88 passages quote, allude to, or echo Isaiah 28, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 3 · 5 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 24 · 25

Isaiah 28:1

Woe to the majestic crown of Ephraim’s drunkards, to the fading flower of his glorious splendor, set on the summit above the fertile valley, the pride of those overcome by wine.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:1Oration 42.11 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 28:1Homilies 1.10 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 363-378

Isaiah 28:3

The majestic crown of Ephraim’s drunkards will be trampled underfoot.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:3–6Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.135 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 28:3–5Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.136 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 314–324

Isaiah 28:5

On that day the LORD of Hosts will be a crown of glory, a diadem of splendor to the remnant of His people,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:5Oration 2.39 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 28:5Oration 42.11 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383

Isaiah 28:9

Whom is He trying to teach? To whom is He explaining His message? To infants just weaned from milk? To babies removed from the breast?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:9Exhortation to Martyrdom 1 · Origenquotation, high confidence235
Isa 28:9Letter 108.18 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 28:9Letter 130.7 · Jeromequotation, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 28:9Exposition of Psalm 118 19.21.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397

Isaiah 28:10

For they hear: “Order on order, order on order, line on line, line on line; a little here, a little there.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:10Refutation of All Heresies 5.8.4 · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, high confidenceca. 222–235
Isa 28:10Exhortation to Martyrdom 1 · Origenquotation, high confidence235
Isa 28:10Letters 140, 141 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357–378
Isa 28:10Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 25.4.4 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Isa 28:10Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 25.4.5 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Isa 28:10Exposition of Psalm 118 19.21.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397

Isaiah 28:11

Indeed, with mocking lips and foreign tongues, He will speak to this people

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:11Against Marcion 5.8 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 28:11Exhortation to Martyrdom 1 · Origenquotation, high confidence235
Isa 28:11Exhortation to Martyrdom 2 · Origenquotation, high confidence235
Isa 28:11Oration 41.15 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 28:11–12Commentary on 1 Corinthians 14:21 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Isa 28:11–12Letter 121.8 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 28:11Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.11.8 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, medium confidence374-377
Isa 28:11Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 42.12.3 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, medium confidence374-377
Isa 28:11–12Apostolic Constitutions 8.1.5 · Anonymousquotation, medium confidenceca. 380
Isa 28:11–12Book of Heresies 138.6 · Philastrius of Bresciaquotation, high confidenceca. 380s
Isa 28:11On the Trinity 15.17 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 399–419

Isaiah 28:12

to whom He has said: “This is the place of rest, let the weary rest; this is the place of repose.” But they would not listen.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:12Demonstration 4.14 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Isa 28:12Demonstration 13.13 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Isa 28:12Demonstration 20.1 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Isa 28:12Demonstration 20.16 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345

Isaiah 28:14

Therefore hear the word of the LORD, O scoffers who rule this people in Jerusalem.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:14Epistle of Barnabas 9.3 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Isa 28:14Prophetic Extracts 4.13 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Isaiah 28:15

For you said, “We have made a covenant with death; we have fashioned an agreement with Sheol. When the overwhelming scourge passes through it will not touch us, because we have made lies our refuge and falsehood our hiding place.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:15Prophetic Extracts 4.13 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 28:15Catechetical Lecture 19.9 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, medium confidenceca. 350
Isa 28:15Letter 92.1 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 28:15Letter 147.3 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 28:15Liber Orsiesii 47 · Orsiesiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380-390
Isa 28:15Confessions 6.22 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 397–401
Isa 28:15Apology against Rufinus 3.4 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 401–402

Isaiah 28:16

So this is what the Lord GOD says: “See, I lay a stone in Zion, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone, a sure foundation; the one who believes will never be shaken.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:16Epistle of Barnabas 6.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Isa 28:16Epistle of Barnabas 6.3 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Isa 28:16Sibylline Oracles 8.251ff. · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence2nd-3rd cent.
Isa 28:16Dialogue with Trypho 126.1 · Justin Martyrallusion, high confidenceca. 155–160
Isa 28:16Acts of Peter (Vercelli) 24 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 180–200
Isa 28:16Against Heresies 3.21.7 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Isa 28:16Against Marcion 5.5 · Tertullianallusion, medium confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 28:16Against Marcion 5.6 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 28:16On First Principles 2.11.3 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Isa 28:16PG 12:1599 (Ps 118 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Isa 28:16Refutation of All Heresies 5.7.35 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, medium confidenceca. 222–235
Isa 28:16Lines 261–284 · Commodianallusion, high confidence3rd century (disputed)
Isa 28:16Commentary on Romans 7.19 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Isa 28:16Commentary on Romans 7.20 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Isa 28:16Commentary on Romans 8.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Isa 28:16To Quirinus 2.16 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Isa 28:16Prophetic Extracts 3.42 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 28:16Prophetic Extracts 4.13 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 28:16Demonstration of the Gospel 1.7.14 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Isa 28:16Catechetical Lecture 10.3 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, medium confidenceca. 350
Isa 28:16Catechetical Lecture 13.33 · Cyril of Jerusalemallusion, medium confidenceca. 350
Isa 28:16Tractates on the Psalms 124.3 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Isa 28:16Commentary on Ephesians 2.20 · Marius Victorinusallusion, low confidenceca. 360–363
Isa 28:16Against Parmenian the Donatist 2.5 · Optatus of Milevisallusion, low confidenceca. 366–385
Isa 28:16Commentary on Romans 9:33 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Isa 28:16Commentary on Romans 10:11 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Isa 28:16Letter to the Africans 5 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 369
Isa 28:16Letter 108.13 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Isa 28:16Eleven Tractates 5.88 · Priscillianquotation, high confidenceca. 380–385
Isa 28:16On the Duties of the Clergy 1.29 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386–390
Isa 28:16Letter 186.8 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Isa 28:16Sermon 169.10 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Isa 28:16Sermon 204.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Isa 28:16Sermon 279.9 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Isa 28:16Tractates on the Gospel of John 7.23 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 406–420
Isa 28:16Sermon 27 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, high confidenceca. 425-450
Isa 28:16Sermon 55 · Peter Chrysologusquotation, medium confidenceca. 425-450
Isa 28:16Sermon 77 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, medium confidenceca. 425-450
Isa 28:16Part 1, chapter 23 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Isaiah 28:17

I will make justice the measuring line and righteousness the level. Hail will sweep away your refuge of lies, and water will flood your hiding place.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:17Prophetic Extracts 4.13 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 28:17Homilies on the Psalms 32.1 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-378
Isa 28:17Oration 16.4 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383

Isaiah 28:18

Your covenant with death will be dissolved, and your agreement with Sheol will not stand. When the overwhelming scourge passes through, you will be trampled by it.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:18Prophetic Extracts 4.13 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Isaiah 28:19

As often as it passes through, it will carry you away; it will sweep through morning after morning, by day and by night.” The understanding of this message will bring sheer terror.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:19Homilies on Numbers 16.3 · Origenallusion, low confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Isa 28:19Oration 40.12 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, medium confidenceca. 362–383

Isaiah 28:20

Indeed, the bed is too short to stretch out on, and the blanket too small to wrap around you.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:20Commentary on Jeremiah 1.90 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 414-419

Isaiah 28:24

Does the plowman plow for planting every day? Does he continuously loosen and harrow the soil?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:24Letter 22.20 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419

Isaiah 28:25

When he has leveled its surface, does he not sow caraway and scatter cumin? He plants wheat in rows and barley in plots, and rye within its border.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 28:25Theological Oration 2 (Or. 28), On the Doctrine of God 1 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidence380