Interpretation of the Psalms 17.1–17.51 (Interpretation of the Psalms)

Theodoret of Cyrus

Interpretation of the Psalms 17.1–17.51

Theodoret of Cyrus · Interpretation of the Psalms · ca. 436-448 · Cyrrhus · 35 passages

Greek text: PG 80.English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).

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Chapter 17

17.1PG 80 80:971

« Εἰς τὸ τέλος· τῷ παιδὶ Κυρίου, τῷ Δαβίδ, ἃ ἐλάλησε τῷ Κυρίῳ, τοὺς λόγους τῆς ᾠδῆς ταύτης, ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ ἐῤῥύσατο αὐτὸν Κύριος ἐκ χειρὸς πάντων τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς Σαούλ, καὶ εἶπεν . » Δήλη ἡ ἐπιγραφή, καὶ ἑρμηνείας οὐ δεομένη. Ἔγκειται δὲ καὶ τῇ τῶν Βασιλειῶν ἱστορίᾳ τοῦδε τοῦ ψαλμοῦ ἡ διάνοια. Θαυμάσαι δὲ ἄξιον τὴν τοῦ προφήτου φιλοσοφίαν. Τοσαύτας γὰρ ἐπιβουλάς παρὰ τοῦ Σαούλ ὑπομείνας, οὐ συνέταξεν αὐτὸν τοῖς ἐχθροῖς· ἀλλὰ τῶν πολεμίων χωρίσας, οὐχ ὡς δυσμενοῦς ἐμνημόνευσεν· εἰς τὸ τέλος δὲ πρόσκειται, ἐπειδὴ καὶ προφητείαν ἔχει τῆς τῶν ἐθνῶν κλήσεως, καὶ τῆς Ἰουδαίων ἀλλοτριώσεως · ἃ μακροῖς ὕστερον ἐγένετο χρόνοις.

« Eis to telos; tǭ paidi Kyriou, tǭ Dabid, ha elalēse tǭ Kyriǭ, tous logous tēs ǭdēs tautēs, en hēmerą hę̄ errhysato auton Kyrios ek cheiros pantōn tōn echthrōn autou, kai ek cheiros Saoul, kai eipen . » Dēlē hē epigraphē, kai hermēneias ou deomenē. Enkeitai de kai tę̄ tōn Basileiōn historią toude tou psalmou hē dianoia. Thaumasai de axion tēn tou prophētou philosophian. Tosautas gar epiboulas para tou Saoul hypomeinas, ou synetaxen auton tois echthrois; alla tōn polemiōn chōrisas, ouch hōs dysmenous emnēmoneusen; eis to telos de proskeitai, epeidē kai prophēteian echei tēs tōn ethnōn klēseōs, kai tēs Ioudaiōn allotriōseōs ; ha makrois hysteron egeneto chronois.

"To the end: for the servant of the Lord, for David, who spoke to the Lord the words of this song on the day when the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul; and he said." The title is clear and needs no interpretation; the sense of this psalm is also contained in the history of the Kingdoms. The prophet's philosophy deserves admiration. Though he endured so many plots from Saul, he did not rank him among his enemies; he set him apart from his foes and did not mention him as hostile. "To the end" is added because it also contains a prophecy of the calling of the nations and the estrangement of the Jews, which happened long ages later.

Ps 18:1 (17:1 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · 2 Sam 22:1 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The title of Psalm 18 (Greek 17): David's song of deliverance, also in 2 Samuel 22; David does not count Saul among his enemies; it foretells the calling of the nations.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.1 (PG 80 80:971; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-1

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.2PG 80 80:971

« ᾿Αγαπήσω σε, Κύριε, ἡ ἰσχύς μου. Κύριος, στερέωμά μου, καὶ καταφυγή μου, καὶ ῥύστης μου· ὁ Θεός μου βοηθός μου, καὶ ἐλπιῶ ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν· ὑπερασπιστής μου, καὶ κέρας σωτηρίας μου , καὶ ἀντιλήπτωρ μου.» ᾿Αγαπῃ τὰς εὐεργεσίας ὁ προφήτης ἀμείβεται· ταύτην γὰρ μόνην τῷ Θεῷ τὸν εὖ πεπονθότα δυνατὸν ἀντιδοῦναι· ταύτην καὶ τῆς νομοθεσίας ἀρχόμενος ἐνομοθέτησεν ὁ Θεός. « ᾿Αγαπήσεις γὰρ, φησὶ, Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου, καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου, καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς δυνάμεώς· σου.» ᾿Αλλ' ἔπεται τῇ ἀγάπῃ τοῦ ἀγαπωμένου ἡ θεραπεία. « Ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη πάντα στέγει, πάντα πιστεύει, πάντα ἐλπίζει, πάντα ὑπομένει· ἡ ἀγάπη οὐδέποτε ἐκπίπτει. › Ὑπισχνεῖται δὲ ὁ μακάριος Δαβὶδ τὸν Θεὸν ἀγαπήσειν, οὐχ ὡς οὐδέπω τοῦτο τέλεον κατορθώσας· ἀλλὰ κόρον λαβεῖν τῆς ἀγάπης οὐκ ἀνεχόμενος· εἶτα τὰς εὐεργεσίας θείας ποιεῖται προσηγορίας, καὶ τὸν κατάλογον ὧν ἔτυχεν ἀγαθῶν κατάλογον ὀνομάτων ἐργάζεται · καὶ καλεῖ τὸν Θεὸν ἰσχὺν, ὡς ταύτης μεταλαχών· στερέωμα, ὡς στερεὸς κατὰ τῶν πολεμίων γενόμενος· καταφυγὴν, ὡς τεῖχος ἐσχηκὼς τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ περίβολον ὀχυρόν ·· ῥύστην, ὡς διὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῶν δυσμενῶν ἀπηλλαγμένος · βοηθὸν, ὡς ἐκεῖθεν ἐπικουρίας τυχών· ὑπερασπιστὴν, ὡς πρόμαχον ἐν καιρῷ γεγενημένον · κέρας σωτηρίας, καὶ ἀντιλήπτορα, ὡς τῇ αὐτοῦ προμηθείᾳ περισωθείς. Τὸ δὲ κέρας σωτηρίας τέθεικεν ἐκ μεταφορᾶς τῶν ζώων, τῶν τοῖς κέρασιν τοὺς πολεμίους ἀμυνομένων. [Κέρας δὲ λέγεται καὶ ἡ βασιλεία, « Καὶ δώσει γὰρ ἰσχὺν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἡμῶν· καὶ ὑψώσει κέρας Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ· » ἀντὶ τοῦ τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ.]

« ᾿Agapēsō se, Kyrie, hē ischys mou. Kyrios, stereōma mou, kai kataphygē mou, kai rhystēs mou; ho Theos mou boēthos mou, kai elpiō ep᾿ auton; hyperaspistēs mou, kai keras sōtērias mou , kai antilēptōr mou.» ᾿Agapę̄ tas euergesias ho prophētēs ameibetai; tautēn gar monēn tǭ Theǭ ton eu peponthota dynaton antidounai; tautēn kai tēs nomothesias archomenos enomothetēsen ho Theos. « ᾿Agapēseis gar, phēsi, Kyrion ton Theon sou ex holēs tēs kardias sou, kai ex holēs tēs psychēs sou, kai ex holēs tēs dynameōs; sou.» ᾿All' epetai tę̄ agapę̄ tou agapōmenou hē therapeia. « Hē gar agapē panta stegei, panta pisteuei, panta elpizei, panta hypomenei; hē agapē oudepote ekpiptei. › Hypischneitai de ho makarios Dabid ton Theon agapēsein, ouch hōs oudepō touto teleon katorthōsas; alla koron labein tēs agapēs ouk anechomenos; eita tas euergesias theias poieitai prosēgorias, kai ton katalogon hōn etychen agathōn katalogon onomatōn ergazetai ; kai kalei ton Theon ischyn, hōs tautēs metalachōn; stereōma, hōs stereos kata tōn polemiōn genomenos; kataphygēn, hōs teichos eschēkōs ton Theon, kai peribolon ochyron ;; rhystēn, hōs dia tou Theou tōn dysmenōn apēllagmenos ; boēthon, hōs ekeithen epikourias tychōn; hyperaspistēn, hōs promachon en kairǭ gegenēmenon ; keras sōtērias, kai antilēptora, hōs tę̄ autou promētheią perisōtheis. To de keras sōtērias tetheiken ek metaphoras tōn zōōn, tōn tois kerasin tous polemious amynomenōn. [Keras de legetai kai hē basileia, « Kai dōsei gar ischyn tois basileusin hēmōn; kai hypsōsei keras Christou autou; » anti tou tēn basileian tou Christou autou.]

"I will love you, Lord, my strength. The Lord is my firm foundation, my refuge, and my deliverer; my God is my helper, and I will hope in him; my protector, the horn of my salvation, and my supporter." The prophet repays the benefits with love; for this alone can one who has been well treated give back to God. This too God legislated at the beginning of the law: "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength." Service of the beloved follows love: "For love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things; love never fails." The blessed David promises to love God not as one who has not yet achieved this perfectly, but as one who cannot have his fill of love. Then he makes the benefits into divine titles, and turns the catalogue of good things he has received into a catalogue of names. He calls God strength, as having shared in it; firm foundation, as having been made firm against his enemies; refuge, as having God as a wall and strong rampart; deliverer, as having been rid of his foes through God; helper, as having received help from there; protector, as one who became his champion in time of need; horn of salvation and supporter, as having been saved by his providence. He put "horn of salvation" by a metaphor from animals that defend themselves against enemies with their horns. [Kingship too is called a horn: "He will give strength to our kings, and will exalt the horn of his Christ," that is, the kingdom of his Christ.]

Ps 18:1 (17:2 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:2 (17:3 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Deut 6:5 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 13:7 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 13:8 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Sam 2:10 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:1–2: David repays God with love and turns the benefits he received into names for God.

The bracketed sentence is bracketed in the printed text (probably an addition from another commentator); it quotes the song of Hannah (1 Sam 2:10).

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (joined words (OCR); stray letter (OCR); stray mark (OCR)): ῥύστης μουὁ Θεός → ῥύστης μου· ὁ Θεός; καὶ ὶ ἐξ ὅλης → καὶ ἐξ ὅλης; ἀμυνομένων”. → ἀμυνομένων..

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.2 (PG 80 80:971; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-2

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.4PG 80 80:973

« Αἰνῶν ἐπικαλέσομαι τὸν Κύριον· καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἐχθρῶν μου σωθήσομαι. » Ἐνταῦθα διδασκόμεθα χάριν μὲν ὁμολογεῖν ὑπὲρ τῶν ὑπηργμένων ἀγαθῶν, αἰτεῖν δὲ πάλιν τὰ ἐνδέοντα · τοῦτο γὰρ, φησὶ, ποιῶν, κρείττων ἔσομαι τῶν δυσμενῶν. Εἶτα διηγεῖται τὰς παντοδαπὰς τῶν πολεμίων ἐπαναστάσεις.

« Ainōn epikalesomai ton Kyrion; kai ek tōn echthrōn mou sōthēsomai. » Entautha didaskometha charin men homologein hyper tōn hypērgmenōn agathōn, aitein de palin ta endeonta ; touto gar, phēsi, poiōn, kreittōn esomai tōn dysmenōn. Eita diēgeitai tas pantodapas tōn polemiōn epanastaseis.

"Praising I will call on the Lord, and I shall be saved from my enemies." Here we are taught to give thanks for the good things already received and to ask again for what is lacking; doing this, he says, I shall be stronger than my foes. Then he recounts the many kinds of attacks by his enemies.

Ps 18:3 (17:4 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:3: give thanks for past gifts and ask for what is still needed.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (split word (OCR)): ἐπαναστά- · σεις → ἐπαναστάσεις.

Topics: Prayer

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.4 (PG 80 80:973; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-4

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.5PG 80 80:973

« Περιέσχον με ὠδῖνες θανάτου· καὶ χείμαῤῥοι ἀνομίας ἐξετάραξάν με. Ὠδῖνες ᾄδου περιεκύκλωσάν με · προέφθασάν με παγίδες θανάτου. » Ὠδῖνας θανάτου καὶ ᾄδου καλεῖ τοὺς θανατηφόρους κινδύνους. Καθάπερ γὰρ αἱ ὠδῖνες παρ᾿ αὐτὸν γίνονται τὸν τόκον, οὕτω οἱ μέγιστοι κίνδυνοι τῷ θανάτῳ πελάζουσι· χειμάῤῥους δὲ ἀνομίας τὰς ἀδίκους καὶ ἀθρόας τῶν ἐχθρῶν προσβολάς· καθάπερ γὰρ ὁ χειμάῤῥους, τὰς τῶν ὑδάτων συῤῥοίας ἐντεῦθεν κἀκεῖθεν φερομένας δεχόμενος, ἐξαπιναίως προσβάλλει· οὕτω καὶ ὁ Σαούλ, καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι πολέμιοι, ταῖς ἐφόδοις ἐχρῶντο. Παγίδας δὲ θανάτου, τὰς ἐνέδρας ἐκάλεσεν· ὅπερ γὰρ τοῖς ἀλόγοις ἡ παγὶς, τοῦτο τοῖς πολεμουμένοις ὁ λόχος. Ἑκάτερα γὰρ λαθραίας βλάβης ἐστὶ μηχανήματα.

« Perieschon me ōdines thanatou; kai cheimarrhoi anomias exetaraxan me. Ōdines ądou periekyklōsan me ; proephthasan me pagides thanatou. » Ōdinas thanatou kai ądou kalei tous thanatēphorous kindynous. Kathaper gar hai ōdines par᾿ auton ginontai ton tokon, houtō hoi megistoi kindynoi tǭ thanatǭ pelazousi; cheimarrhous de anomias tas adikous kai athroas tōn echthrōn prosbolas; kathaper gar ho cheimarrhous, tas tōn hydatōn syrrhoias enteuthen kakeithen pheromenas dechomenos, exapinaiōs prosballei; houtō kai ho Saoul, kai hoi alloi polemioi, tais ephodois echrōnto. Pagidas de thanatou, tas enedras ekalesen; hoper gar tois alogois hē pagis, touto tois polemoumenois ho lochos. Hekatera gar lathraias blabēs esti mēchanēmata.

"The pangs of death surrounded me, and torrents of lawlessness troubled me. The pangs of Hades encircled me; the snares of death came upon me." He calls deadly dangers the pangs of death and of Hades. As birth pangs come right at the birth, so the greatest dangers come near to death. The unjust and massed attacks of his enemies he calls torrents of lawlessness: as a torrent receives streams of water flowing in from every side and strikes suddenly, so Saul and his other enemies made their assaults. He called ambushes the snares of death; for what a snare is to animals, an ambush is to those at war. Both are devices of hidden harm.

Ps 18:4 (17:5 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:5 (17:6 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:4–5: deadly dangers, sudden massed attacks, and ambushes are described as pangs of death, torrents, and snares.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (split word (OCR); stray letter (OCR); stray mark (OCR)): χεί μαῤῥοι → χείμαῤῥοι; αἱ Ιὠδῖνες → αἱ ὠδῖνες; Παγίδας δὲ " θανάτου → Παγίδας δὲ θανάτου.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.5 (PG 80 80:973; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-5

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.7PG 80 80:975

« Καὶ ἐν τῷ θλίβεσθαί με ἐπεκαλεσάμην τὸν Κύριον, καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεόν μου ἐκέκραξα · ἤκουσε Κύριος ἐκ ναοῦ ἁγίου αὐτοῦ φωνῆς μου· καὶ ἡ κραυγή μου ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὰ ὦτα αὐτοῦ. › Ὑπὸ τοσούτων μέντοι πολιορκούμενος συμφορῶν, πάσης ἀνθρωπίνης καταφρονήσας ἐπικουρίας, τὴν θείαν ἐπεκαλεσάμην ῥοπὴν, καὶ τῆς ἐλπίδος οὐκ ἐψεύσθην · παραυτίκα γάρ μου τὰς ἱκετείας ἐδέξατο. Ναὸν δὲ ἐνταῦθα, οὐ τὸν χειροποίητον λέγει· οὐδὲ γὰρ ᾠκοδόμητο τηνικαῦτα· ὁ Σολομὼν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐδείματο μετὰ ταῦτα· ἀλλὰ τὸν οὐρανὸν προσηγόρευσεν οὕτω.

« Kai en tǭ thlibesthai me epekalesamēn ton Kyrion, kai pros ton Theon mou ekekraxa ; ēkouse Kyrios ek naou hagiou autou phōnēs mou; kai hē kraugē mou enōpion autou eiseleusetai eis ta ōta autou. › Hypo tosoutōn mentoi poliorkoumenos symphorōn, pasēs anthrōpinēs kataphronēsas epikourias, tēn theian epekalesamēn rhopēn, kai tēs elpidos ouk epseusthēn ; parautika gar mou tas hiketeias edexato. Naon de entautha, ou ton cheiropoiēton legei; oude gar ǭkodomēto tēnikauta; ho Solomōn gar auton edeimato meta tauta; alla ton ouranon prosēgoreusen houtō.

"In my affliction I called on the Lord, and cried to my God; the Lord heard my voice from his holy temple, and my cry before him will enter into his ears." Besieged by so many calamities, despising all human help, I called on God's support and was not deceived in my hope; for he received my supplications at once. Here he does not mean the temple made with hands, for it had not yet been built (Solomon built it afterwards); he so named heaven.

Ps 18:6 (17:7 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:6: God heard David from his "temple," meaning heaven, since Solomon's temple was not yet built.

Topics: Prayer

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.7 (PG 80 80:975; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-7

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.8PG 80 80:975

« Καὶ ἐσαλεύθη, καὶ ἔντρομος ἐγενήθη ἡ γῆ· καὶ τὰ θεμέλια τῶν ὀρέων ἐταράχθησαν· καὶ ἑσαλεύθησαν, ὅτι ὠργίσθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεός. ᾿Ανέβη καπνὸς ἐν ὀργῇ αὐτοῦ· καὶ πῦρ ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ καταφλεγήσεται · ἄνθρακες ἀνήφθησαν ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ. » Ταῦτα δὲ ἅπαντα τέθεικεν, οὐχ ὡς πάντως οὕτω γεγενημένα, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς οὕτω τῇ πίστει νενοημένα. Οὐ μόνον δὲ τιμωρούμενος ὁ Θεὸς, ἀλλὰ καὶ δεδιττόμενος τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, πολλάκις τοιαῦτα πεποίηκε, καὶ βρονταῖς, καὶ κτύποις , καὶ σεισμοῖς ἐκπλήττων, καὶ πυρί. Οὕτω καὶ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ δεδίξασθαι θελήσας, τὸ Σινᾶ ὅρος πυρὶ καπνιζόμενον ἔδειξε. Διὰ τούτων τοίνυν καὶ ὁ παρὼν προφήτης τὴν τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐπενεχθεῖσαν τιμωρίαν ἐμήνυσε· διδάσκει δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους, μὴ τὰ ὅμοια δρᾶν, ἵνα μὴ τὰ ὅμοια πάθωσιν.

« Kai esaleuthē, kai entromos egenēthē hē gē; kai ta themelia tōn oreōn etarachthēsan; kai hesaleuthēsan, hoti ōrgisthē autois ho Theos. ᾿Anebē kapnos en orgę̄ autou; kai pyr apo prosōpou autou kataphlegēsetai ; anthrakes anēphthēsan ap᾿ autou. » Tauta de hapanta tetheiken, ouch hōs pantōs houtō gegenēmena, all᾽ hōs houtō tę̄ pistei nenoēmena. Ou monon de timōroumenos ho Theos, alla kai dedittomenos tous anthrōpous, pollakis toiauta pepoiēke, kai brontais, kai ktypois , kai seismois ekplēttōn, kai pyri. Houtō kai ton Israēl dedixasthai thelēsas, to Sina horos pyri kapnizomenon edeixe. Dia toutōn toinyn kai ho parōn prophētēs tēn tois polemiois epenechtheisan timōrian emēnyse; didaskei de kai tous allous anthrōpous, mē ta homoia dran, hina mē ta homoia pathōsin.

"And the earth was shaken and trembled, and the foundations of the mountains were troubled and shaken, because God was angry with them. Smoke went up in his anger, and fire from his presence will blaze; coals were kindled by him." He set all this down not as though it happened exactly so, but as it was understood by faith. God has often done such things, not only in punishing but also in frightening people, striking them with thunder, crashes, earthquakes, and fire. So when he wished to frighten Israel he showed Mount Sinai smoking with fire. Through these, then, the present prophet too described the punishment brought on his enemies; and he teaches other people not to do the like, lest they suffer the like.

Ps 18:7 (17:8 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:8 (17:9 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Exod 19:18 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:7–8: the earthquake and fire are figures for God's punishment of David's enemies, like the terrors at Sinai.

The last words of the printed section belong to 17.11 and are moved there by logged corrections.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (line displaced by the OCR from 17.11 (restored there); stray mark (OCR)): τοίνυν” καὶ → τοίνυν καὶ; τιμωρίαν ( ἐμήνυσε → τιμωρίαν ἐμήνυσε; νος, παράδοξά τινα δείκνυσι καὶ ἀήθη. Τὸ τοίνυν, → .

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.8 (PG 80 80:975; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-8

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.11PG 80 80:975

« Καὶ ἔκλινεν οὐρανοὺς, καὶ κατέβη· καὶ γνόφος ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ. Καὶ ἐπέβη ἐπὶ Χερουβίμ, καὶ ἐπετάσθη ἐπὶ πτερύγων ἀνέμων. Καὶ ἔθετο σκότον ἀποκρυφὴν αὑτοῦ· κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ ἡ σκηνὴ αὐτοῦ. » Πάλιν ἐνταῦθα τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν διηγούμενος, ἱκανὸν τοῖς ἀκροαταῖς ἐντίθησι δέος. ᾿Αλλ' ὅμως, οὔτε κατάβασιν, οὔτε ἀνάβασιν τῆς θείας ἡμεῖς ἐπιστάμεθα φύσεως· ἀπερίγραφον γὰρ τὸ Θεῖον, πανταχοῦ παρὸν, περιέχον τὰ πάντα. Τὸ διάφορον δὲ τῶν οἰκονομιῶν διὰ τούτων ἐκπαιδευόμεθα. Ποτὲ μὲν γὰρ προσηνέστερον ἐπιφαίνεται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις· ποτὲ δὲ μεγαλοπρεπέστερον. Ἔστι δ᾽ ὅτε καὶ φόβον ἐνθεῖναι βουλόμενος, παράδοξά τινα δείκνυσι καὶ ἀήθη. Τὸ τοίνυν, « Ἔκλινεν οὐρανοὺς, καὶ κατέβη, » νοήσωμεν ὅτι τὴν οἰκείαν ἐπιφάνειαν ἔδειξεν. Γνόφον δὲ « ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας, » τὸ τῆς παρουσίας ἀόρατον· · τὴν δὲ, τῶν Χερουβίμ ἐπίβασιν, » καὶ « τὴν τῶν ἀνέμων πτῆσιν,, τὸ τῆς ἐπιφανείας ὀξὺ· τὸ δὲ, « Ἔθετο σκότος ἀποκρυφὴν αὐτοῦ, » τὸ τῆς φύσεως ἀθεώρητον. Τὸ δὲ, « Κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ ἡ σκηνὴ αὐτοῦ, τὸ περὶ αὐτὸν φῶς· διὸ καὶ μακάριος ἔφη Παῦλος· « ῾Ο μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν, φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον., • Σκοτεινὸν ὕδωρ ἐν νεφέλαις ἀέρων. ᾿Ἀπὸ τῆς τηλαυγήσεως · ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ αἱ νεφέλαι διῆλθον. » Καθάπερ γὰρ, φησὶ, τῇ πυκνότητι τῶν νεφῶν ζοφώδης γινόμενος ὁ ἀὴρ τῆς ἀστραπῆς ἐκπέμπει τὴν αἴγλην, οὕτως ἀόρατος ὧν ὁ τῶν ὅλων Θεὸς, καὶ τοῦ νοεροῦ φωτὸς τὰς ἀκτῖνας ἀφίησι, καὶ τῷ κολαστικῷ πυρὶ κολάζει τοὺς πονηρίᾳ συζῶντας· τοῦτο γὰρ παρεδήλωσεν ἐπαγαγών • • Χάλαζαι καὶ ἄνθρακες πυρός. Καὶ ἐβρόντησεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ὁ Κύριος· καὶ ὁ ὕψιστος ἔδωκεν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ. ᾿Απέστειλε βέλη, καὶ ἐσκόρπισεν αὐτούς· καὶ ἀστραπὰς ἐπλήθυνε, καὶ συνετάραξεν αὐτούς. • Ταῦτα καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν πολλάκις ἐγένετο · ἐν γὰρ τοῖς ἔναγχος γεγενημένοις πολέμοις, καὶ τοὺς ἀρκτώους Βαρβάρους ἐπελθόντας ἡμῖν χαλάζῃ καὶ πυρὶ κατηνάλωσεν, καὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς ἕω πρώην ἐπιστρατεύσαντας Πέρσας, καὶ ἀναιμωτὶ τὰς ἡμετέρας πόλεις παραλαβεῖν προσδοκήσαντας, ταύταις ἐπέδησε ταῖς πέδαις, καὶ περαιτέρω προβῆναι κεκώλυκε· καὶ τοὺς μὲν θανάτῳ παρέπεμψε, τοὺς δὲ τῶν γεγενημένων ἀγγέλους ἐξέπεμψεν.

« Kai eklinen ouranous, kai katebē; kai gnophos hypo tous podas autou. Kai epebē epi Cheroubim, kai epetasthē epi pterygōn anemōn. Kai etheto skoton apokryphēn hautou; kyklǭ autou hē skēnē autou. » Palin entautha tou Theou tēn epiphaneian diēgoumenos, hikanon tois akroatais entithēsi deos. ᾿All' homōs, oute katabasin, oute anabasin tēs theias hēmeis epistametha physeōs; aperigraphon gar to Theion, pantachou paron, periechon ta panta. To diaphoron de tōn oikonomiōn dia toutōn ekpaideuometha. Pote men gar prosēnesteron epiphainetai tois anthrōpois; pote de megaloprepesteron. Esti d᾽ hote kai phobon entheinai boulomenos, paradoxa tina deiknysi kai aēthē. To toinyn, « Eklinen ouranous, kai katebē, » noēsōmen hoti tēn oikeian epiphaneian edeixen. Gnophon de « hypo tous podas, » to tēs parousias aoraton; ; tēn de, tōn Cheroubim epibasin, » kai « tēn tōn anemōn ptēsin,, to tēs epiphaneias oxy; to de, « Etheto skotos apokryphēn autou, » to tēs physeōs atheōrēton. To de, « Kyklǭ autou hē skēnē autou, to peri auton phōs; dio kai makarios ephē Paulos; « ῾O monos echōn athanasian, phōs oikōn aprositon., • Skoteinon hydōr en nephelais aerōn. ᾿Apo tēs tēlaugēseōs ; enōpion autou hai nephelai diēlthon. » Kathaper gar, phēsi, tę̄ pyknotēti tōn nephōn zophōdēs ginomenos ho aēr tēs astrapēs ekpempei tēn aiglēn, houtōs aoratos hōn ho tōn holōn Theos, kai tou noerou phōtos tas aktinas aphiēsi, kai tǭ kolastikǭ pyri kolazei tous ponērią syzōntas; touto gar paredēlōsen epagagōn • • Chalazai kai anthrakes pyros. Kai ebrontēsen ex ouranou ho Kyrios; kai ho hypsistos edōken phōnēn autou. ᾿Apesteile belē, kai eskorpisen autous; kai astrapas eplēthyne, kai synetaraxen autous. • Tauta kai eph' hēmōn pollakis egeneto ; en gar tois enanchos gegenēmenois polemois, kai tous arktōous Barbarous epelthontas hēmin chalazę̄ kai pyri katēnalōsen, kai tous apo tēs heō prōēn epistrateusantas Persas, kai anaimōti tas hēmeteras poleis paralabein prosdokēsantas, tautais epedēse tais pedais, kai peraiterō probēnai kekōlyke; kai tous men thanatǭ parepempse, tous de tōn gegenēmenōn angelous exepempsen.

"And he bowed the heavens and came down, and thick darkness was under his feet. He mounted on the cherubim and flew upon the wings of the winds. He made darkness his hiding place; round about him was his tent." Here again, describing God's appearing, he puts great fear into his hearers. Yet we know of neither descent nor ascent of the divine nature; for the divine is uncircumscribed, present everywhere, containing all things. By these words we are taught the variety of his dispensations. Sometimes he appears to people more gently, sometimes more majestically; and sometimes, wishing to instill fear, he shows unexpected and unaccustomed things. "He bowed the heavens and came down," then, let us understand to mean that he showed his own appearing; the thick darkness "under his feet," the invisibility of his presence; the "mounting on the cherubim" and "flight of the winds," the swiftness of his appearing; "he made darkness his hiding place," that his nature cannot be seen; and "round about him was his tent," the light around him. Therefore the blessed Paul too said: "who alone has immortality, dwelling in unapproachable light." "Dark water in clouds of the air. From the brightness before him the clouds passed." As the air, made gloomy by the density of the clouds, sends out the flash of lightning, he says, so the God of all, though invisible, both sends forth the rays of spiritual light and punishes those who live in wickedness with punishing fire. This he indicated by adding: "Hail and coals of fire. And the Lord thundered from heaven, and the Most High gave his voice. He sent arrows and scattered them, and multiplied lightnings and threw them into confusion." This has often happened in our time too. In the wars that took place recently, he destroyed with hail and fire the northern barbarians who came against us; and the Persians who lately marched from the east, expecting to take our cities without bloodshed, he bound with these fetters and prevented from going further, sending some to death and sending others away as messengers of what had happened.

Ps 18:9 (17:10 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:10 (17:11 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:11 (17:12 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:12 (17:13 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:13 (17:14 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:14 (17:15 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Tim 6:16 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:9–14: God's "descent" signifies his manifestation, not motion, since he is everywhere; such storms of judgment have struck invaders in Theodoret's own day.

The "northern barbarians" and the Persian invasion are events of Theodoret's own time (perhaps the Huns and the Persian war of the 420s); the identification is uncertain. A line displaced by the OCR into 17.8 is restored here.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR letter; line displaced by the OCR into 17.8, restored; stray mark (OCR)): κατέβηξ καὶ → κατέβη· καὶ; αὐτοῦ ἡ' σκηνὴ → αὐτοῦ ἡ σκηνὴ; ἐνθεῖναι βουλόμε• Ἔκλινεν → ἐνθεῖναι βουλόμενος, παράδοξά τινα δείκνυσι καὶ ἀήθη. Τὸ τοίνυν, « Ἔκλινεν.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.11 (PG 80 80:975; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-11

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.16PG 80 80:977

« Καὶ ὠφθησαν αἱ πηγαὶ τῶν ὑδάτων· καὶ ἀνεκαλύφθησαν τὰ θεμέλια τῆς οἰκουμένης· ἀπὸ ἐπιτιμήσεώς σου, Κύριε, ἀπὸ ἐμπνεύσεως πνεύματος ὀργῆς σου. » Καὶ τοῦτο ἐφ᾿ ἡμῶν ἐν πολλοῖς γεγένηται κλίμασι· διέστη γὰρ ἡ γῆ κινηθεῖσα, καὶ βάθος ἄμετρον ἐν ὑψηλοῖς ὄρεσιν ἀνεφάνη, καὶ ὕδωρ ἐν ἀνύδροις ἐδόθη χωρίοις· ποιεῖ δὲ ταῦτα ὁ τῶν ὅλων πρύτανις, τὴν τιμωρητικὴν αὐτοῦ δύναμιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐπιδεικνὺς, καὶ διδάσκων ὡς δύναται μὲν ἐν ἀκαρεῖ πᾶσι πανωλεθρίαν ἐπενεγκεῖν· φιλανθρωπίᾳ δὲ χρώμενος, ἀναβάλλεται τὴν τιμωρίαν, καὶ προσμένει τὴν μεταμέλειαν.

« Kai ōphthēsan hai pēgai tōn hydatōn; kai anekalyphthēsan ta themelia tēs oikoumenēs; apo epitimēseōs sou, Kyrie, apo empneuseōs pneumatos orgēs sou. » Kai touto eph᾿ hēmōn en pollois gegenētai klimasi; diestē gar hē gē kinētheisa, kai bathos ametron en hypsēlois oresin anephanē, kai hydōr en anydrois edothē chōriois; poiei de tauta ho tōn holōn prytanis, tēn timōrētikēn autou dynamin tois anthrōpois epideiknys, kai didaskōn hōs dynatai men en akarei pasi panōlethrian epenenkein; philanthrōpią de chrōmenos, anaballetai tēn timōrian, kai prosmenei tēn metameleian.

"And the springs of the waters were seen, and the foundations of the world were uncovered at your rebuke, Lord, at the blast of the breath of your anger." This too has happened in our time in many regions: the earth was moved and split apart, an immeasurable chasm appeared in high mountains, and water was given in waterless places. The ruler of all does these things showing people his punishing power and teaching that he could bring utter destruction on all in an instant, but, using his love for humankind, he postpones the punishment and waits for repentance.

Ps 18:15 (17:16 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:15: earthquakes of Theodoret's time show God's power to punish, though he delays to allow repentance.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (stray letters (OCR); stray word (OCR)): ἀνεκαλύφθησαν δε τὰ → ἀνεκαλύφθησαν τὰ; ἐδόθη σε χωρίοις → ἐδόθη χωρίοις; αὐτοῦ δύναμιν τοῖς δὲ ἀνθρώποις → αὐτοῦ δύναμιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.16 (PG 80 80:977; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-16

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.17PG 80 80:977

« Ἐξαπέστειλεν ἐξ ὕψους, καὶ ἔλαβέ με· προσελάβετό με ἀπὸ ὑδάτων πολλῶν. » Καὶ διδάσκων τί καλεῖ τροπικῶς ὕδατα, ἐπήγαγεν· « Ῥύσεταί με ἐξ ἐχθρῶν μου δυνατῶν, καὶ ἐκ τῶν μισούντων με, ὅτι ἐστερεώθησαν ὑπὲρ ἐμέ. » Προφανῶς, φησὶ, τὴν περὶ ἐμὲ κηδεμονίαν τοῖς ἐμοῖς ἔδειξε πολεμίοις· τοῦτο γὰρ εἶπεν εἰρηκὼς, « Ἐξαπέστειλεν ἐξ ὕψους, καὶ ἔλαβέ με·» ἀντὶ τοῦ, Πέπεικεν ἅπαντας ὡς οὐρανόθεν μοι τὴν ἐπικουρίαν παρέσχε. Ταύτης δὲ με τῆς προμηθείας ἠξίωσε, τὸ τῶν πολεμίων ἰσχυρὸν θεασάμενος. ς Ἐστερώθησαν γὰρ ὑπὲρ ἐμέ, » φησιν.

« Exapesteilen ex hypsous, kai elabe me; proselabeto me apo hydatōn pollōn. » Kai didaskōn ti kalei tropikōs hydata, epēgagen; « Rhysetai me ex echthrōn mou dynatōn, kai ek tōn misountōn me, hoti estereōthēsan hyper eme. » Prophanōs, phēsi, tēn peri eme kēdemonian tois emois edeixe polemiois; touto gar eipen eirēkōs, « Exapesteilen ex hypsous, kai elabe me;» anti tou, Pepeiken hapantas hōs ouranothen moi tēn epikourian paresche. Tautēs de me tēs promētheias ēxiōse, to tōn polemiōn ischyron theasamenos. s Esterōthēsan gar hyper eme, » phēsin.

"He sent from on high and took me; he drew me out of many waters." And teaching what he figuratively calls waters, he added: "He will deliver me from my strong enemies and from those who hate me, for they were made stronger than I." He openly showed my enemies his care for me, he says; this is what he meant by "He sent from on high and took me": he persuaded everyone that he gave me help from heaven. He counted me worthy of this providence when he saw the strength of my enemies: "For they were made stronger than I," he says.

Ps 18:16 (17:17 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:17 (17:18 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:16–17: the "many waters" are David's strong enemies, from whom God visibly rescued him.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (marginal verse number (OCR); split word (OCR)): ἐπήγαγεν· ιη΄. « → ἐπήγαγεν· «; « Ἐξ απέστειλεν → « Ἐξαπέστειλεν.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.17 (PG 80 80:977; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-17

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.19PG 80 80:979

« Προέφθασάν με ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κακώσεως μου.» Ἐνταῦθα αἰνίττεσθαί μοι δοκεῖ τὴν τοῦ ᾿Αβεσσαλὼμ ἐπανάστασιν, μετὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν γεγενημένην. Κάκωσιν γὰρ, ἣν ὁ Σύμμαχος ταλαιπωρίαν καλεῖ, τῆς ψυχῆς λέγει τὴν ἀσθένειαν, δι᾽ ἣν ἡ ἁμαρτία γεγένηται. • Καὶ ἐγένετο Κύριος ἀντιστήριγμά μου. Καὶ ἐξήγαγέ με εἰς πλατυσμόν. » Ωθούμενόν με, φησὶ, καὶ καταβαλλόμενον ὑπήρεισεν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τὴν στενοχωρίαν εὐρυχωρίαν εἰργάσατο, ἀντὶ τοῦ προσδοκωμένου θανάτου τὴν ζωὴν χαρισάμενος. τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ λέγει ψαλμῷ · « Ὠσθεὶς ἀνετράπην τοῦ πεσεῖν, καὶ ὁ Κύριος ἀντελάβετό μου.» • Ῥύσεταί με, ὅτι ἠθέλησέ με. » Ἐλπίζω δὲ, ὅτι καὶ εἰς τὸν ἔπειτα χρόνον τῆς αὐτῆς ἀξιώσει με βοηθείας, καὶ κρείττων ἔσομαι τῶν δυσμενῶν, κἂν μάλιστα πλείστην ἔχωσι δύναμιν.

« Proephthasan me en hēmerą kakōseōs mou.» Entautha ainittesthai moi dokei tēn tou ᾿Abessalōm epanastasin, meta tēn hamartian gegenēmenēn. Kakōsin gar, hēn ho Symmachos talaipōrian kalei, tēs psychēs legei tēn astheneian, di᾽ hēn hē hamartia gegenētai. • Kai egeneto Kyrios antistērigma mou. Kai exēgage me eis platysmon. » Ōthoumenon me, phēsi, kai kataballomenon hypēreisen ho Theos, kai tēn stenochōrian eurychōrian eirgasato, anti tou prosdokōmenou thanatou tēn zōēn charisamenos. touto de kai en heterǭ legei psalmǭ ; « Ōstheis anetrapēn tou pesein, kai ho Kyrios antelabeto mou.» • Rhysetai me, hoti ēthelēse me. » Elpizō de, hoti kai eis ton epeita chronon tēs autēs axiōsei me boētheias, kai kreittōn esomai tōn dysmenōn, kan malista pleistēn echōsi dynamin.

"They came upon me first in the day of my affliction." Here he seems to me to hint at the revolt of Absalom, which happened after the sin. By "affliction," which Symmachus calls "misery," he means the weakness of the soul through which the sin occurred. "And the Lord became my support, and brought me out into a broad place." When I was pushed and thrown down, he says, God held me up, and made my narrow straits a wide space, granting me life instead of the death I expected. He says this in another psalm too: "I was pushed and overturned so as to fall, but the Lord helped me." "He will deliver me, because he delighted in me." I hope that in time to come too he will count me worthy of the same help, and I shall be stronger than my foes, even if they have very great power.

Ps 18:18 (17:19 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:19 (17:20 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 118:13 (117:13 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:18–19: the day of affliction is Absalom's revolt after David's sin; God held him up and will do so again.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (stray letters (OCR)): στενοχωρίαν σε εὐρυχωρίαν → στενοχωρίαν εὐρυχωρίαν; κἂν σε μάλιστα → κἂν μάλιστα.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.19 (PG 80 80:979; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-19

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.21PG 80 80:979

« Καὶ ἀνταποδώσει μοι Κύριος κατὰ τὴν δικαιοσύνην μου· καὶ κατὰ τὴν καθαριότητα τῶν χειρῶν μου ἀνταποδώσει μοι. Ὅτι ἐφύλαξα τὰς ὁδοὺς Κυρίου · καὶ οὐκ ἠσέβησα ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ μου. Ὅτι πάντα τὰ κρίματα αὐτοῦ ἐνώπιόν μου, καὶ τὰ δικαιώματα αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἀπέστησαν ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ. » Οὐκ ἄδικον, φησὶ, ποιεῖταί μου πρόνοιαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ἐμὸν σκοπὸν ἐπιστάμενος, καὶ εἰδὼς ὅτι ἐμοὶ σπουδή πάσας αὐτοῦ φυλάττειν τὰς ἐντολάς · ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλὴν ἔδειξε περὶ αὐτὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ γεγενημένην κηδεμονίαν, δείκνυσι ταύτης τὸ δίκαιον, προτρέπων εἰς ἀρετὴν τοὺς ἀκούοντας, καὶ διδάσκων ὡς οὐχ οἷόν τε ταύτης ἡμᾶς τυχεῖν, μὴ γνησίαν εὔνοιαν περὶ τὸν Θεὸν κτησαμένους · οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸν τῶν οἰκείων κατορθωμάτων κατάλογον γυμνῶσαι πᾶσιν ὁ προφήτης ἠθέλησεν, ἀλλ᾽ ὑποθέσθαι πῶς οἷόν τε τῆς θείας ἀπολαῦσαι προνοίας.

« Kai antapodōsei moi Kyrios kata tēn dikaiosynēn mou; kai kata tēn kathariotēta tōn cheirōn mou antapodōsei moi. Hoti ephylaxa tas hodous Kyriou ; kai ouk ēsebēsa apo tou Theou mou. Hoti panta ta krimata autou enōpion mou, kai ta dikaiōmata autou ouk apestēsan ap᾿ emou. » Ouk adikon, phēsi, poieitai mou pronoian, alla kai ton emon skopon epistamenos, kai eidōs hoti emoi spoudē pasas autou phylattein tas entolas ; epeidē gar pollēn edeixe peri auton tou Theou gegenēmenēn kēdemonian, deiknysi tautēs to dikaion, protrepōn eis aretēn tous akouontas, kai didaskōn hōs ouch hoion te tautēs hēmas tychein, mē gnēsian eunoian peri ton Theon ktēsamenous ; oude gar ton tōn oikeiōn katorthōmatōn katalogon gymnōsai pasin ho prophētēs ēthelēsen, all᾽ hypothesthai pōs hoion te tēs theias apolausai pronoias.

"And the Lord will repay me according to my righteousness, and according to the cleanness of my hands he will repay me. For I have kept the ways of the Lord and have not acted impiously against my God. For all his judgments are before me, and his ordinances have not departed from me." His providence for me is not unjust, he says, since he knows my aim and that my earnest wish is to keep all his commandments. Having shown the great care God took of him, he shows its justice, urging his hearers to virtue and teaching that we cannot obtain it unless we acquire genuine goodwill toward God. For the prophet did not wish to lay bare his own good deeds to all, but to suggest how one can enjoy divine providence.

Ps 18:20 (17:21 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:21 (17:22 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:22 (17:23 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:20–22: God's care was just because David aimed to keep his commands; the point is to teach how to receive God's providence, not to boast.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR letter; stray letters (OCR)): ἀνταποδώσει μο: Κύριος → ἀνταποδώσει μοι Κύριος; αὐτοῦ το φυλάττειν → αὐτοῦ φυλάττειν; εὔνοιαν το περὶ → εὔνοιαν περὶ; ὑποθέσθαι το πῶς → ὑποθέσθαι πῶς.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.21 (PG 80 80:979; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-21

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.24PG 80 80:979

« Καὶ ἔσομαι ἄμωμος μετ' αὐτοῦ. Καὶ πῶς δυνατὸν τοῦτο κατορθῶσαι; « Καὶ φυλάξομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀνομίας μου. » Απεχόμενος, φησὶν, ἐκείνων ἃ κακῶς εἰργασάμην, ἄμωμος εἰς τὸν ἐπιόντα γενήσομαι χρόνον · οὕτως ὁ μέγας Δαβὶδ τῶν οἰκείων κατορθωμάτων μνημονεῦσαι βιασθεὶς, ἵνα δείξῃ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ προμηθείας τὸ δίκαιον, οὐκ ἠνέσχετο τὴν γεγενημένην κρύψαι παρανομίαν.

« Kai esomai amōmos met' autou. Kai pōs dynaton touto katorthōsai? « Kai phylaxomai apo tēs anomias mou. » Apechomenos, phēsin, ekeinōn ha kakōs eirgasamēn, amōmos eis ton epionta genēsomai chronon ; houtōs ho megas Dabid tōn oikeiōn katorthōmatōn mnēmoneusai biastheis, hina deixę̄ tēs tou Theou promētheias to dikaion, ouk ēnescheto tēn gegenēmenēn krypsai paranomian.

"And I shall be blameless with him." And how can this be achieved? "And I shall keep myself from my iniquity." By abstaining, he says, from what I did wrongly, I shall become blameless in time to come. Thus the great David, compelled to mention his own good deeds to show the justice of God's providence, would not hide the transgression he had committed.

Ps 18:23 (17:24 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:23: David will be blameless by avoiding his former sin, which he does not hide.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.24 (PG 80 80:979; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-24

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.25PG 80 80:981

« Καὶ ἀνταποδώσει μοι Κύριος κατὰ τὴν δικαιοσύνην μου, καὶ κατὰ τὴν καθαριότητα τῶν χειρῶν μου ἐνώπιον τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ. » Τότε δὴ, φησὶν, ὅταν παντελῶς ἄμωμος γένωμαι, τελείων τεύξομαι τῶν ἀγαθῶν. Πάντα γὰρ ἐφορᾷ ὁ τῶν ὅλων Θεὸς, καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἀγαθὰς πράξεις, ταύτας γὰρ ὠνόμασε χειρῶν καθαρότητα, καὶ τὸν εὐσεβῆ τῆς διανοίας σκοπὸν, ποιεῖται τὰς ἀντιδόσεις. Εἶτα τοῦτο αὐτὸ σαφέστερον ἐκπαιδεύει.

« Kai antapodōsei moi Kyrios kata tēn dikaiosynēn mou, kai kata tēn kathariotēta tōn cheirōn mou enōpion tōn ophthalmōn autou. » Tote dē, phēsin, hotan pantelōs amōmos genōmai, teleiōn teuxomai tōn agathōn. Panta gar ephorą ho tōn holōn Theos, kai pros tas agathas praxeis, tautas gar ōnomase cheirōn katharotēta, kai ton eusebē tēs dianoias skopon, poieitai tas antidoseis. Eita touto auto saphesteron ekpaideuei.

"And the Lord will repay me according to my righteousness, and according to the cleanness of my hands before his eyes." Then, he says, when I have become wholly blameless, I shall obtain perfect good things. For the God of all oversees everything and makes his recompense with a view to good deeds (these he called cleanness of hands) and the pious aim of the mind. Then he teaches this same thing more clearly.

Ps 18:24 (17:25 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:24: God rewards good deeds and a pious mind.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (leaked column number (OCR); stray letters (OCR)): ταύτας 3(3ιγὰρ → ταύτας γὰρ; αὐτὸ το σαφέστερον → αὐτὸ σαφέστερον.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.25 (PG 80 80:981; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-25

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.26PG 80 80:981

« Μετὰ ὁσίου ὁσιωθήσῃ· καὶ μετὰ ἀνδρὸς ἀθώου ἀθῶος ἔσῃ. Καὶ μετὰ ἐκλεκτοῦ ἐκλεκτὸς ἔσῃ. Καὶ μετὰ στρεβλοῦ διαστρέψεις. • Πρὸς τὰς γνώμας τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἁρμόττεις τὰς ἀντιδόσεις, ὦ Δέσποτα. Τοῖς γὰρ ὁσίοις παρέχεις τὰ τῆς ὁσιότητος ἄξια · καὶ τοῖς ἀθώοις, καὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἀπηλλαγμένοις, τὰ πρόσφορα · καὶ τοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς καὶ τελείοις, τὰ τέλεια· τοῖς δὲ τοῦ εὐθέως έκτραπεῖσι, καὶ τὴν ἐναντίαν ὁδεύουσι, κατάλληλον παρασκευάζεις εὑρεῖν τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ τέλος. Πῶς καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ;

« Meta hosiou hosiōthēsę̄; kai meta andros athōou athōos esę̄. Kai meta eklektou eklektos esę̄. Kai meta streblou diastrepseis. • Pros tas gnōmas tōn anthrōpōn harmotteis tas antidoseis, ō Despota. Tois gar hosiois parecheis ta tēs hosiotētos axia ; kai tois athōois, kai tēs hamartias apēllagmenois, ta prosphora ; kai tois eklektois kai teleiois, ta teleia; tois de tou eutheōs ektrapeisi, kai tēn enantian hodeuousi, katallēlon paraskeuazeis heurein tēs hodou to telos. Pōs kai tini tropǭ?

"With the holy you will be holy, and with the innocent man you will be innocent; with the chosen you will be chosen, and with the crooked you will be perverse." You fit your recompense to people's dispositions, Master. To the holy you give what is worthy of holiness; to the innocent and those freed from sin, what is suitable; to the chosen and perfect, what is perfect; but those who have turned from the straight way and travel the opposite road you cause to find the end that matches their road. How and in what way?

Ps 18:25 (17:26 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:26 (17:27 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:25–26: God's recompense matches each person's way of life.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR punctuation; stray letters (OCR)): ὁσιωθήσῃ - → ὁσιωθήσῃ·; ἁμαρτίας δι ἀπηλλαγμένοις → ἁμαρτίας ἀπηλλαγμένοις.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.26 (PG 80 80:981; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-26

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.28PG 80 80:981

« Ὅτι σὺ λαὸν ταπεινὸν σώσεις · καὶ ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑπερηφάνων ταπεινώσεις. • Τοὺς μὲν γὰρ ἢ μετρίῳ φρονήματι κεχρημένους, ἢ ἐκ περιστάσεως τεταπεινωμένους, σωτηρίας ἀξιοῖς, καὶ περιφανεῖς ἀποφαίνεις · τοὺς δὲ τὰς ὀφρῦς αἴροντας, καὶ τύφῳ δουλεύοντας, κύπτειν εἰς γῆν ἀναγκάζεις, καὶ τῆς φύσεως λογίζεσθαι τὴν εὐτέλειαν.

« Hoti sy laon tapeinon sōseis ; kai ophthalmous hyperēphanōn tapeinōseis. • Tous men gar ē metriǭ phronēmati kechrēmenous, ē ek peristaseōs tetapeinōmenous, sōtērias axiois, kai periphaneis apophaineis ; tous de tas ophrys airontas, kai typhǭ douleuontas, kyptein eis gēn anankazeis, kai tēs physeōs logizesthai tēn euteleian.

"For you will save a humble people, and you will humble the eyes of the arrogant." Those who are modest in mind, or have been humbled by circumstance, you count worthy of salvation and make illustrious; but those who raise their eyebrows and are slaves to conceit you force to bow to the ground and to consider the lowliness of their nature.

Ps 18:27 (17:28 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:27: God saves the humble and humbles the proud.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.28 (PG 80 80:981; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-28

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.29PG 80 80:981

« "Ὅτι σὺ φωτιεῖς λύχνον μου, Κύριε, ὁ Θεός μου, φωτιεῖς τὸ σκότος μου. · Ἐπειδὴ σκότος πολλάκις τὰς θλίψεις ἐκάλεσεν, εἰκότως φῶς ὀνομάζει τὴν τούτων ἀπαλλαγήν. Ταύτης δέ φησιν ἀπολαύω παρὰ σοῦ τῆς προνοίας· ἐπειδὴ ὁ λύχνος ὁ τὸ ἀληθινὸν ὑποδεξάμενος φῶς · καλεῖ δὲ οὕτω τὴν τοῦ δούλου μορφήν· ἐμός τέ ἐστι, καὶ ἐκ τῆς ἐμῆς ὀσφύος πλασθήσεται. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ λέγει ψαλμῷ · · Ἐκεῖ ἐξανατελῶ κέρας τῷ Δαβίδ · ἡτοίμασα λύχνον τῷ Χριστῷ μου.»

« "Hoti sy phōtieis lychnon mou, Kyrie, ho Theos mou, phōtieis to skotos mou. ; Epeidē skotos pollakis tas thlipseis ekalesen, eikotōs phōs onomazei tēn toutōn apallagēn. Tautēs de phēsin apolauō para sou tēs pronoias; epeidē ho lychnos ho to alēthinon hypodexamenos phōs ; kalei de houtō tēn tou doulou morphēn; emos te esti, kai ek tēs emēs osphyos plasthēsetai. Touto de kai en heterǭ legei psalmǭ ; ; Ekei exanatelō keras tǭ Dabid ; hētoimasa lychnon tǭ Christǭ mou.»

"For you will light my lamp, Lord; my God, you will enlighten my darkness." Since he often called afflictions darkness, he fittingly calls release from them light. I enjoy this providence from you, he says, since the lamp that received the true light (so he calls the form of the servant) is mine and will be formed from my loins. He says this in another psalm too: "There I will make a horn spring up for David; I have prepared a lamp for my Christ."

Ps 18:28 (17:29 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 132:17 (131:17 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:28: God's light ends affliction; the "lamp" is Christ's human nature, descended from David.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.29 (PG 80 80:981; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-29

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.30PG 80 80:981

«Ὅτι ἐν σοὶ ῥυσθήσομαι ἀπὸ πειρατηρίου, καὶ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ μου ὑπερβήσομαι τεῖχος. » Πᾶσαν ἐπιβουλὴν, καὶ πᾶσαν ἐνέδραν · πειρατήριον γὰρ καὶ τεῖχος τὴν ἐνέδραν καλεῖ· διὰ τῆς σῆς διαφεύξομαι χάριτος .

«Hoti en soi rhysthēsomai apo peiratēriou, kai en tǭ Theǭ mou hyperbēsomai teichos. » Pasan epiboulēn, kai pasan enedran ; peiratērion gar kai teichos tēn enedran kalei; dia tēs sēs diapheuxomai charitos .

"For by you I shall be rescued from the band of raiders, and by my God I shall leap over a wall." Every plot and every ambush (he calls the ambush a raiding band and a wall) I shall escape through your grace.

Ps 18:29 (17:30 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:29: by God's grace David escapes every ambush.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.30 (PG 80 80:981; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-30

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.31PG 80 80:981

« Ὁ Θεός μου, ἄμωμος ἡ ὁδὸς αὐτοῦ. » Δικαίως ἰθύνεις τὰ σύμπαντα· καὶ τούτου χάριν θαῤῥῶ. « Τὰ λόγια Κυρίου πεπυρωμένα. • Τοῦτο δὲ παρὰ τῶν ἀψευδῶν σου λογίων μεμάθηκας « πεπυρωμένα» γὰρ, ὡς καὶ ἤδη προειρήκαμεν, τὰ δόκιμα λέγει, καὶ ψεύδους ἀπηλλαγμένα. «Ὑπερασπιστής ἐστι πάντων τῶν ἐλπιζόντων ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν., Οὐκ ἐγὼ δὲ μόνος· ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντες οἱ ταύτην εἰς αὐτὸν ἔχοντες τὴν ἐλπίδα, τῆς αὐτῆς ἀπολαύσονται βοηθείας.

« Ho Theos mou, amōmos hē hodos autou. » Dikaiōs ithyneis ta sympanta; kai toutou charin tharrhō. « Ta logia Kyriou pepyrōmena. • Touto de para tōn apseudōn sou logiōn memathēkas « pepyrōmena» gar, hōs kai ēdē proeirēkamen, ta dokima legei, kai pseudous apēllagmena. «Hyperaspistēs esti pantōn tōn elpizontōn ep᾿ auton., Ouk egō de monos; alla kai pantes hoi tautēn eis auton echontes tēn elpida, tēs autēs apolausontai boētheias.

"My God, his way is blameless." You steer all things justly, and for this reason I am confident. "The words of the Lord are tried by fire." You have learned this from your truthful oracles; for by "tried by fire," as we have already said, he means tested and free of falsehood. "He is the protector of all who hope in him." And not I alone, but all who have this hope in him will enjoy the same help.

Ps 18:30 (17:31 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:30: God's way is blameless and his words true; he protects all who hope in him.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (stray letters (OCR)): Οὐκ ἐγὼ δὲ θε μόνος → Οὐκ ἐγὼ δὲ μόνος.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.31 (PG 80 80:981; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-31). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-31

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.32PG 80 80:983

« Ὅτι τίς Θεὸς παρέξ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν ', καὶ · τίς Θεὸς πλὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν;» Οὐδὲ γάρ ἐστι Θεὸς ἕτερος · ἵνα ὁ μὲν τούτῳ, ὁ δὲ ἐκείνῳ παράσχῃ τὴν αἴτησιν.

« Hoti tis Theos parex tou Kyriou hēmōn ', kai ; tis Theos plēn tou Theou hēmōn?» Oude gar esti Theos heteros ; hina ho men toutǭ, ho de ekeinǭ paraschę̄ tēn aitēsin.

"For who is God besides our Lord, and who is God except our God?" For there is no other God, so that one might grant a request to this man and another to that.

Ps 18:31 (17:32 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:31: there is no other God.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.32 (PG 80 80:983; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-32). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-32

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.33PG 80 80:983

• Ὁ Θεὸς ὁ περιζωννύων με δύναμιν · καὶ ἔθετο ἄμωμον τὴν ὁδόν μου. » Τῇ αὐτοῦ δυνάμει ῥωσθεὶς κἀγὼ τὴν εὐθεῖαν τρίβον ὁδεύειν ἐπείγομαι.

• Ho Theos ho perizōnnyōn me dynamin ; kai etheto amōmon tēn hodon mou. » Tę̄ autou dynamei rhōstheis kagō tēn eutheian tribon hodeuein epeigomai.

"God, who girds me with power, and has made my way blameless." Strengthened by his power I too press on to travel the straight path.

Ps 18:32 (17:33 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:32: God's strength enables David to walk straight.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.33 (PG 80 80:983; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-33). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-33

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.34PG 80 80:983

« Καταρτιζόμενος τοὺς πόδας μου ὡσεὶ ἐλάφου· καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ὑψηλὰ· ἱστῶν με. » Καθάπερ γὰρ τοῖς· ἐλάφοις ἔδωκε κατὰ φύσιν τὰ ἰοβόλα θηρία καταπατεῖν · οὕτω με κρείττονα καὶ ὑψηλότερον τῶν πολεμίων ἀπέφηνε.

« Katartizomenos tous podas mou hōsei elaphou; kai epi ta hypsēla; histōn me. » Kathaper gar tois; elaphois edōke kata physin ta iobola thēria katapatein ; houtō me kreittona kai hypsēloteron tōn polemiōn apephēne.

"Making my feet like a deer's, and setting me on the heights." As he gave deer by nature the power to trample venomous creatures, so he made me stronger than my enemies and higher than they.

Ps 18:33 (17:34 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:33: God makes David surefooted and superior to his enemies, as deer trample snakes.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.34 (PG 80 80:983; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-34). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-34

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.35PG 80 80:983

« Διδάσκων χεῖρας μου εἰς πόλεμον. » Εἰς εὐχὴν γὰρ ταύτας ἐκτείνων, περιγίνομαι τῶν δυσμενῶν. « Καὶ ἔθετο τόξον χαλκοῦν τοὺς βραχίονάς μου. • Διὰ τοῦτο, δίκην τόξου χαλκοῦ καὶ ἀῤῥαγοῦς τοὺς ἐμοὺς βραχίονας τὰ κατὰ τῶν πολεμίων ἀφιέναι παρεσκεύασε βέλη.

« Didaskōn cheiras mou eis polemon. » Eis euchēn gar tautas ekteinōn, periginomai tōn dysmenōn. « Kai etheto toxon chalkoun tous brachionas mou. • Dia touto, dikēn toxou chalkou kai arrhagous tous emous brachionas ta kata tōn polemiōn aphienai pareskeuase belē.

"Teaching my hands for war." For stretching them out in prayer I overcome my enemies. "And he made my arms a bow of bronze." For this reason he made my arms shoot their arrows against the enemies like a bow of bronze that does not break.

Ps 18:34 (17:35 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:34: David's hands are trained for war by being stretched out in prayer.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (stray letter (OCR); stray mark (OCR)): ἔθετο" τόξον → ἔθετο τόξον; Διὰ ὁ τοῦτο → Διὰ τοῦτο.

Topics: Prayer

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.35 (PG 80 80:983; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-35). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-35

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.36PG 80 80:983

« Καὶ ἔδωκάς μοι ὑπερασπισμὸν σωτηρίας μου· καὶ ἡ δεξιά σου ἀντελάβετό μου· καὶ ἡ παιδεία σου ἀνώρθωσέ με εἰς τέλος · καὶ ἡ παιδεία σου αὐτή με διδάξει. » Καὶ ἐπαίδευσας ήμαρτηκότα, καὶ καταπεπτωκότα ἀνώρθωσας · καὶ ἐδίδαξας ὅσον ἡ ἁμαρτία κακὸν, καὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ἠξίωσας.

« Kai edōkas moi hyperaspismon sōtērias mou; kai hē dexia sou antelabeto mou; kai hē paideia sou anōrthōse me eis telos ; kai hē paideia sou autē me didaxei. » Kai epaideusas ēmartēkota, kai katapeptōkota anōrthōsas ; kai edidaxas hoson hē hamartia kakon, kai tēs sōtērias ēxiōsas.

"And you gave me the shield of my salvation, and your right hand supported me, and your discipline set me upright to the end, and your discipline itself will teach me." You disciplined me when I had sinned and set me upright when I had fallen; you taught me how great an evil sin is, and counted me worthy of salvation.

Ps 18:35 (17:36 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:35: God's discipline corrected and restored David after his sin.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (stray letter (OCR)): καὶ ὁ ἡ παιδεία → καὶ ἡ παιδεία.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.36 (PG 80 80:983; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-36). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-36

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.37PG 80 80:983

« Ἑπλάτυνας τὰ διαβήματά μου ὑποκάτω μου · καὶ οὐκ ἠσθένησε τὰ ἴχνη μου.» Ἐν τῇ στενοχωρίᾳ τῆς θλίψεως ἔδωκας τὴν εὐρυχωρίαν τῆς παρακλήσεως· ὑφ᾽ ἧς ψυχαγωγούμενος, μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος διήρκεσα. τὸ γὰρ ἐπλάτυνας, εὐρυχώρησας ὁ Σύμμαχος εἴρηκεν.

« Heplatynas ta diabēmata mou hypokatō mou ; kai ouk ēsthenēse ta ichnē mou.» En tę̄ stenochōrią tēs thlipseōs edōkas tēn eurychōrian tēs paraklēseōs; hyph᾽ hēs psychagōgoumenos, mechri tou parontos diērkesa. to gar eplatynas, eurychōrēsas ho Symmachos eirēken.

"You have widened my steps beneath me, and my feet did not weaken." In the narrowness of affliction you gave the breadth of comfort; cheered by it I have held out to the present. For "you widened" Symmachus said "you made room."

Ps 18:36 (17:37 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:36: God's comfort sustained David in affliction.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (split word (OCR)): εὐρυχώ ρησας → εὐρυχώρησας.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.37 (PG 80 80:983; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-37). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-37

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.38PG 80 80:985

« Καταδιώξω τοὺς ἐχθρούς μου, καὶ καταλήψομαι αὐτούς· καὶ οὐκ ἀποστραφήσομαι ἕως ἂν ἐκλείψωσιν. Ἐκθλίψω αὐτοὺς, καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνωνται στῆναι· πεσοῦνται ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας μου. » Οὕτως ὑπὸ τῆς σῆς προνοίας ῥωσθεὶς ἐλπίζω πάντων περιγενήσεσθαι τῶν δυσμενῶν· καὶ μὴ πρότερον ἀποστῆναι, ἕως ἂν αὐτοὺς αὖθις ὑπηκόους ἐργάσωμαι· τοῦτο γὰρ παρεδήλωσεν εἰρηκώς· Πεσοῦνται ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας μου.

« Katadiōxō tous echthrous mou, kai katalēpsomai autous; kai ouk apostraphēsomai heōs an ekleipsōsin. Ekthlipsō autous, kai ou mē dynōntai stēnai; pesountai hypo tous podas mou. » Houtōs hypo tēs sēs pronoias rhōstheis elpizō pantōn perigenēsesthai tōn dysmenōn; kai mē proteron apostēnai, heōs an autous authis hypēkoous ergasōmai; touto gar paredēlōsen eirēkōs; Pesountai hypo tous podas mou.

"I will pursue my enemies and overtake them, and I will not turn back until they are consumed. I will crush them, and they will not be able to stand; they will fall under my feet." Strengthened thus by your providence I hope to overcome all my enemies, and not to withdraw until I have made them my subjects again; this he indicated by saying, "they will fall under my feet."

Ps 18:37 (17:38 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:38 (17:39 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:37–38: David hopes to subdue his enemies by God's help.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.38 (PG 80 80:985; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-38). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-38

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.40PG 80 80:985

• Καὶ περιέζωσάς με δύναμιν εἰς πόλεμον συνεπόδισας πάντας τοὺς ἐπανισταμένους ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ ὑποκάτω μου.» Ἐμοὶ μὲν ἀνδρείαν ἐδωρήσω καὶ ῥώμην · τῶν δὲ πολεμίων ἐπέδησας τὴν ὁρμήν· καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Γολιάθ, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Σαούλ γεγενημένον. Τὸν μὲν γὰρ τὸν τοῦ πράττειν καιρὸν εἰς ἀνοήτους ἀναλίσκοντα λόγους τῇ σφενδόνῃ κατήνεγκεν· τὸν δὲ ὕπνῳ πεδηθέντα ῥᾳδίως διέφυγεν. Οὕτω καὶ τῶν Γετθαίων ἐξέφυγε τὰς ἐπιβουλάς.

• Kai periezōsas me dynamin eis polemon synepodisas pantas tous epanistamenous ep᾿ eme hypokatō mou.» Emoi men andreian edōrēsō kai rhōmēn ; tōn de polemiōn epedēsas tēn hormēn; kai touto esti kai epi tou Goliath, kai epi tou Saoul gegenēmenon. Ton men gar ton tou prattein kairon eis anoētous analiskonta logous tę̄ sphendonę̄ katēnenken; ton de hypnǭ pedēthenta rhądiōs diephygen. Houtō kai tōn Getthaiōn exephyge tas epiboulas.

"And you girded me with power for war; you tripped up all who rose against me beneath me." You gave me courage and strength, and fettered the rush of the enemies. This happened in the case of Goliath and of Saul. The one, who spent the time for action in senseless words, he brought down with the sling; the other, fettered by sleep, he easily escaped. So too he escaped the plots of the men of Gath.

Ps 18:39 (17:40 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Sam 17:49 (allusion, high confidence) · 1 Sam 26:12 (allusion, medium confidence) · 1 Sam 21:13 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:39: God gave David strength and hindered his enemies, as with Goliath, Saul and the men of Gath.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.40 (PG 80 80:985; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-40). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-40

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.41PG 80 80:985

« Καὶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς μου ἔδωκάς μοι νῶτον. ᾿Αντὶ τοῦ, εἰς φυγὴν ἔτρεψας· ἴδιον γὰρ τῶν φευγόντων τὸ διδόναι τὰ νῶτα. « Καὶ τοὺς μισοῦντάς με ἐξωλόθρευσας · · τὸν Σαούλ, τὸν ᾿Αχιτόφελ, τὸν ᾿Αβεσσαλώμ, καὶ μυρίους ἑτέρους.

« Kai tous echthrous mou edōkas moi nōton. ᾿Anti tou, eis phygēn etrepsas; idion gar tōn pheugontōn to didonai ta nōta. « Kai tous misountas me exōlothreusas ; ; ton Saoul, ton ᾿Achitophel, ton ᾿Abessalōm, kai myrious heterous.

"And you made my enemies turn their backs to me." That is, you put them to flight; for turning the back is proper to those who flee. "And you destroyed those who hate me": Saul, Ahithophel, Absalom, and countless others.

Ps 18:40 (17:41 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:40: God put David's enemies to flight and destroyed them.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.41 (PG 80 80:985; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-41). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-41

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.42PG 80 80:985

· Ἐκέκραξαν, καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὁ σώζων· πρὸς Κύριον, καὶ οὐκ εἰσήκουσεν αὐτῶν. » Οὔτε γὰρ ἀλλόφυλοι τοὺς οἰκείους καλοῦντες εἰς ἐπικουρίαν θεοὺς, τῆς παρ' αὐτῶν προνοίας ἀπέλαυσαν· οὔτε ὁ Σαούλ, καὶ ᾿Αβεσσαλώμ, καὶ ὁ Σεμεεὶ, καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν Ἰσραηλιτῶν πολέμιοι, τὸν Θεὸν ἐσχήκασι σύμμαχον.

; Ekekraxan, kai ouk ēn ho sōzōn; pros Kyrion, kai ouk eisēkousen autōn. » Oute gar allophyloi tous oikeious kalountes eis epikourian theous, tēs par' autōn pronoias apelausan; oute ho Saoul, kai ᾿Abessalōm, kai ho Semeei, kai hoi loipoi tōn Israēlitōn polemioi, ton Theon eschēkasi symmachon.

"They cried, and there was none to save; to the Lord, and he did not hear them." Neither did the foreigners, calling their own gods to help, enjoy their providence; nor did Saul, Absalom, Shimei, and the other enemies among the Israelites have God as their ally.

Ps 18:41 (17:42 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:41: neither foreign gods nor the true God helped David's enemies.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (stray mark (OCR)): ἐσχήκασι ( σύμμαχον → ἐσχήκασι σύμμαχον.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.42 (PG 80 80:985; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-42). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-42

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.43PG 80 80:985

« Καὶ λεπτυνῶ αὐτοὺς ὡσεὶ χοῦν κατὰ πρόσωπον ἀνέμου· ὡς πηλὸν πλατειῶν λεανῶ αὐτούς. » Φροῦδοι καὶ ἀφανεῖς γενήσονται παντελῶς, τῆς σῆς μοι χάριτος συνεργούσης.

« Kai leptynō autous hōsei choun kata prosōpon anemou; hōs pēlon plateiōn leanō autous. » Phroudoi kai aphaneis genēsontai pantelōs, tēs sēs moi charitos synergousēs.

"And I will grind them fine as dust before the wind; I will smooth them like the mud of the streets." They will be utterly gone and vanish, since your grace works with me.

Ps 18:42 (17:43 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:42: the enemies will vanish completely.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (stray letters (OCR)): ὡσεὶ χοῦνει κατὰ → ὡσεὶ χοῦν κατὰ.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.43 (PG 80 80:985; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-43). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-43

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.44PG 80 80:985

« Ῥύσῃ με ἐξ ἀντιλογιῶν λαοῦ. » Ἐντεῦθεν προθεσπίζει τὴν κατὰ τοῦ Σωτῆρος Ἰουδαίων μανίαν, καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν σωτηρίαν. Καὶ παρακαλεῖ μηδεμίαν ἔχειν κοινωνίαν εἰς τὴν ἐκείνων ἀντιλογίαν. « Καταστήσεις με εἰς κεφαλὴν ἐθνῶν. » Καὶ μὴν οὐκ ἴσμεν τὸν Δαβὶδ τῶν ἐθνῶν βασιλεύσαντα. Οὐκοῦν διὰ τοῦ ἐξ αὐτοῦ κατὰ σάρκα τεχθέντος ἡ προφητεία πληροῦται. Ὁ γὰρ ἐκ Δαβὶδ κατὰ σάρκα τεχθεὶς Δαβὶδ καὶ αὐτὸς ὀνομαζόμενος κατὰ τὸν θεῖον Ἰεζεκιήλ, ὁ Δεσπότης, λέγω, Χριστὸς, πάντων ἐβασίλευσε τῶν ἐθνῶν· ἀεὶ μὲν ὡς Θεὸς τῶν ἁπάντων δεσπόζων, μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐνανθρώπησιν, καὶ τὴν ἐθελούσιον τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν πεπιστευκότων δουλείαν δεξάμενος. « Λαὸς ὃν οὐκ ἔγνων ἐδούλευσέ μοι, εἰς ἀκοὴν ὠτίου ὑπήκουσέ μου. » προαγορεύει τοῦ Δεσπότου Χριστοῦ. Λέγει δὲ, ὅτι Οἱ μήτε νομοθέτην, μήτε προφήτην ἐμὸν δεξάμενοι πώποτε, ῥᾳδίως μάλα κληθέντες ὑπήκουσαν, καὶ τὴν ἐμὴν δεσποτείαν ἠγάπησαν.

« Rhysę̄ me ex antilogiōn laou. » Enteuthen prothespizei tēn kata tou Sōtēros Ioudaiōn manian, kai tēn tōn ethnōn sōtērian. Kai parakalei mēdemian echein koinōnian eis tēn ekeinōn antilogian. « Katastēseis me eis kephalēn ethnōn. » Kai mēn ouk ismen ton Dabid tōn ethnōn basileusanta. Oukoun dia tou ex autou kata sarka techthentos hē prophēteia plēroutai. Ho gar ek Dabid kata sarka techtheis Dabid kai autos onomazomenos kata ton theion Iezekiēl, ho Despotēs, legō, Christos, pantōn ebasileuse tōn ethnōn; aei men hōs Theos tōn hapantōn despozōn, meta de tēn enanthrōpēsin, kai tēn ethelousion tōn eis auton pepisteukotōn douleian dexamenos. « Laos hon ouk egnōn edouleuse moi, eis akoēn ōtiou hypēkouse mou. » proagoreuei tou Despotou Christou. Legei de, hoti Hoi mēte nomothetēn, mēte prophētēn emon dexamenoi pōpote, rhądiōs mala klēthentes hypēkousan, kai tēn emēn despoteian ēgapēsan.

"You will rescue me from the contradictions of the people." From here he foretells the madness of the Jews against the Savior and the salvation of the nations. And he asks to have no share in their contradiction. "You will make me head of the nations." Yet we do not know that David reigned over the nations. So the prophecy is fulfilled through the one born from him according to the flesh. For he who was born of David according to the flesh and is himself called David, according to the divine Ezekiel (I mean Christ the Lord), reigned over all the nations. As God he always rules all things; but after the incarnation he also received the voluntary service of those who believed in him. "A people I did not know served me; at the hearing of the ear they obeyed me." This foretells Christ the Lord. He says that those who had never received a lawgiver or prophet of mine obeyed very readily when called, and loved my lordship.

Ps 18:43 (17:44 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:44 (17:45 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 34:23 (allusion, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:43–44: David never ruled the nations, so the verse is fulfilled in Christ, son of David, whom the Gentiles obeyed at once.

Theodoret's reference to "the madness of the Jews" is translated as written. Something is lost in the OCR before "foretells Christ the Lord."

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (marginal verse number (OCR); stray mark (OCR)): Καὶ μὴν ᾿ οὐκ → Καὶ μὴν οὐκ; δεξάμενος. με΄. « → δεξάμενος. «.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.44 (PG 80 80:985; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-44). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-44

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.46PG 80 80:987

« Υἱοὶ ἀλλότριοι ἐψεύσαντό μοι · υἱοὶ ἀλλότριοι ἐπαλαιώθησαν, καὶ ἐχώλαναν ἀπὸ τῶν τρίβων αὐτῶν. » Οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ προσαγορευθέντες, καὶ ἐν υἱῶν τάξει γραφέντες, ἀλλοτρίους σφᾶς αὐτοὺς πεποιήκασιν, ἀγνώμονες περὶ τὰς εὐεργεσίας γενόμενοι, καὶ περὶ τὴν πίστιν χωλεύσαντες, καὶ τὴν εὐσεβῆ τρίβον καταλιπόντες. Οὕτω καὶ διὰ Ἱερεμίου τοῦ προφήτου φησὶν ὁ Θεός · « Πῶς ἐστράφης μοι εἰς πικρίαν, ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἀλλοτρία; ἐγὼ δὲ ἐφύτευσα ἄμπελον καρποφόρον πᾶσαν ἀληθινήν. » Καὶ τὸ μὲν τὴν οἰκείαν δείκνυσι φυτουργίαν, τὸ δὲ τὴν ἐκείνων ἀχαριστίαν ἐλέγχει. Τὸ δὲ, « Ἐπαλαιώθησαν καὶ ἐχώλαναν, ἀτιμωθήσονται καὶ ἐντραπήσονται, ὁ Σύμμαχος εἴρηκε. Καὶ μαρτυρεῖ τῇ προῤῥήσει τὸ τέλος · πλήρεις γάρ εἰσιν ἀτιμίας, βδελυροὶ πᾶσιν δρώμενοι.

« Huioi allotrioi epseusanto moi ; huioi allotrioi epalaiōthēsan, kai echōlanan apo tōn tribōn autōn. » Hoi de huioi prosagoreuthentes, kai en huiōn taxei graphentes, allotrious sphas autous pepoiēkasin, agnōmones peri tas euergesias genomenoi, kai peri tēn pistin chōleusantes, kai tēn eusebē tribon katalipontes. Houtō kai dia Hieremiou tou prophētou phēsin ho Theos ; « Pōs estraphēs moi eis pikrian, hē ampelos hē allotria? egō de ephyteusa ampelon karpophoron pasan alēthinēn. » Kai to men tēn oikeian deiknysi phytourgian, to de tēn ekeinōn acharistian elenchei. To de, « Epalaiōthēsan kai echōlanan, atimōthēsontai kai entrapēsontai, ho Symmachos eirēke. Kai martyrei tę̄ prorrhēsei to telos ; plēreis gar eisin atimias, bdelyroi pasin drōmenoi.

"Alien sons lied to me; alien sons grew old and limped away from their paths." Those who were called sons and enrolled in the rank of sons made themselves aliens, becoming ungrateful for the benefits, limping in faith, and leaving the pious path. So too through Jeremiah the prophet God says: "How have you turned to bitterness against me, O alien vine? I planted a fruitful vine, wholly true." The one shows his own planting, the other refutes their ingratitude. "They grew old and limped" Symmachus rendered "they will be dishonored and put to shame." And the outcome bears witness to the prediction: they are full of dishonor, seen as abhorrent by all.

Ps 18:45 (17:46 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Jer 2:21 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:45: those once called sons became aliens by ingratitude and unbelief.

The application to the Jews and the final remark about their dishonor are Theodoret's polemic, translated as written.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (split word (OCR)): ἐκεί νων → ἐκείνων.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.46 (PG 80 80:987; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-46). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-46

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.47PG 80 80:987

« Ζῇ Κύριος, καὶ εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεός μου • καὶ ὑψωθήτω ὁ Θεὸς τῆς σωτηρίας μου. » Μνημονεύσας τῆς Ἰουδαίων ἀντιλογίας, αἰνίττεται τὸ πάθος, καὶ τὴν μετὰ τὸ πάθος ἀνάστασιν. Καὶ ἐπειδὴ Ἰουδαῖοι εἰώθασι τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον νεκρὸν καλεῖν, αὐτὸς βοᾷ · « Ζῇ Κύριος, καὶ εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς μου , καὶ ὑψωθήτω ὁ Θεὸς τῆς σωτηρίας μου. » Καὶ οὐ μόνον ζῇ, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀνελήλυθε, καὶ τοῖς βουλομένοις παρέχει τὴν σωτηρίαν.

« Zę̄ Kyrios, kai eulogētos ho Theos mou • kai hypsōthētō ho Theos tēs sōtērias mou. » Mnēmoneusas tēs Ioudaiōn antilogias, ainittetai to pathos, kai tēn meta to pathos anastasin. Kai epeidē Ioudaioi eiōthasi ton estaurōmenon nekron kalein, autos boą ; « Zę̄ Kyrios, kai eulogētos ho Theos mou , kai hypsōthētō ho Theos tēs sōtērias mou. » Kai ou monon zę̄, alla kai eis ouranous anelēlythe, kai tois boulomenois parechei tēn sōtērian.

"The Lord lives, and blessed is my God; and let the God of my salvation be exalted." Having mentioned the contradiction of the Jews, he hints at the passion and the resurrection after it. And since the Jews are accustomed to call the crucified one dead, he cries: "The Lord lives, and blessed is my God; and let the God of my salvation be exalted." Not only does he live, but he has also ascended into heaven and grants salvation to those who wish it.

Ps 18:46 (17:47 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:46: against those who call the crucified one dead, the psalm proclaims that he lives, has ascended, and saves.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (stray mark (OCR)): Καὶ ͵ οὐ μόνον → Καὶ οὐ μόνον.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.47 (PG 80 80:987; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-47). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-47

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.48PG 80 80:987

«Ὁ Θεὸς ὁ διδοὺς ἐκδικήσεις ἐμοί · καὶ ὑποτάξας λαοὺς ὑπ' ἐμὲ· ὁ ῥύστης μου ἐξ ἐχθρῶν μου ὀργίλων. Ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπανισταμένων ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ ὑψώσεις με · καὶ ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς ἀδίκου ῥύσῃ με. » Ὁ ταῦτα τοίνυν ἐργασόμενος μακροῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις, ῥύσῃ κἀμὲ τῶν ἀδίκως με πολεμούντων · καὶ ὃν ὑπέταξάς μοι λαὸν, ἀποφανεῖς εὐπειθῆ.

«Ho Theos ho didous ekdikēseis emoi ; kai hypotaxas laous hyp' eme; ho rhystēs mou ex echthrōn mou orgilōn. Apo tōn epanistamenōn ep᾿ eme hypsōseis me ; kai apo andros adikou rhysę̄ me. » Ho tauta toinyn ergasomenos makrois hysteron chronois, rhysę̄ kame tōn adikōs me polemountōn ; kai hon hypetaxas moi laon, apophaneis eupeithē.

"God, who gives me vengeance and subdues peoples under me; my deliverer from my angry enemies. Above those who rise against me you will lift me up, and from the unjust man you will rescue me." You who will accomplish these things long ages later will rescue me too from those who make war on me unjustly, and will make obedient the people you have subjected to me.

Ps 18:47 (17:48 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 18:48 (17:49 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:47–48: God, who will do these great things later, rescues David now and keeps his people obedient.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.48 (PG 80 80:987; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-48). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-48

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.50PG 80 80:987

« Διὰ τοῦτο ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι ἐν ἔθνεσι, Κύριε, καὶ τῷ ὀνόματί σου ψαλῶ. » Διὰ γὰρ τῶν μικρὸν ὕστερον κληθησομένων ἐθνῶν, ἐν ἁπάσαις σε ταῖς κατὰ τὸ πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐκκλησίαις ὑμνήσω. Ἔστι δὲ ταύτης τῆς προφητείας τὸ τέλος ἰδεῖν · ἐν ἁπάσαις γὰρ καὶ πόλεσι, καὶ κώμαις, καὶ ἀγροῖς, καὶ ἐσχατιαῖς, καὶ ὄρεσι, καὶ βουνοῖς, καὶ ἐν γῇ, καὶ ἐν θαλάττη, καὶ ἐν οἰκουμένῃ, καὶ ἐν ἀοικήτῳ, ὁ θεσπέσιος Δαβὶδ δι᾽ εὐσεβῶν στομάτων τὸν Θεὸν ἀνυμνεῖ.

« Dia touto exomologēsomai soi en ethnesi, Kyrie, kai tǭ onomati sou psalō. » Dia gar tōn mikron hysteron klēthēsomenōn ethnōn, en hapasais se tais kata to pasan tēn oikoumenēn ekklēsiais hymnēsō. Esti de tautēs tēs prophēteias to telos idein ; en hapasais gar kai polesi, kai kōmais, kai agrois, kai eschatiais, kai oresi, kai bounois, kai en gę̄, kai en thalattē, kai en oikoumenę̄, kai en aoikētǭ, ho thespesios Dabid di᾽ eusebōn stomatōn ton Theon anymnei.

"Therefore I will confess to you among the nations, Lord, and sing to your name." Through the nations soon to be called I will hymn you in all the churches throughout the whole world. One can see the fulfillment of this prophecy: in all cities, villages, fields, remote places, mountains and hills, on land and sea, in the inhabited world and in the wilderness, the inspired David hymns God through pious mouths.

Ps 18:49 (17:50 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Rom 15:9 (allusion, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:49: fulfilled in the churches everywhere where David's psalms are sung.

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.50 (PG 80 80:987; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-50). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-50

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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.

17.51PG 80 80:989

« Μεγαλύνων τὰς σωτηρίας τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ ποιῶν ἔλεος τῷ χριστῷ αὐτοῦ, τῷ Δαβὶδ καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ ἕως αἰῶνος. » Σὺ με γὰρ χρίσας εἰς βασιλέα, οὐ μόνον σώζεις, ἀλλὰ καὶ περίβλεπτον ἀποφαίνεις · ταύτης δὲ τῆς προνοίας οὐκ ἐμὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς ἀξιώσεις παῖδας · ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕως αἰῶνος τῷ σπέρματί μου φυλάξεις τὴν περιφάνειαν. Τοῦτο δὲ Ἰουδαϊκῶς μὲν νοούμενον, τὴν προφητείαν ἐλέγχει. Μέχρι γὰρ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας τοῦ Δαβὶδ τὸ γένος εἰς βασιλείαν διήρκεσεν · μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐκεῖθεν ἐπάνοδον, μόνος Ζοροβάβελ ἡγεμονεύσας, τῆς ἡγεμονίας οὐ κατέλιπε κληρονόμους. Εἰ τοίνυν ἀληθὴς ἡ προφητεία, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀληθής · τὸ γὰρ τῆς ἀληθείας αὐτὴν ἀπεκάλυψε πνεῦμα · λείπεται νοεῖν τὸ σπέρμα τοῦ Δαβίδ, τὸ αἰώνιον ἔχον τὴν περιφάνειαν, τὸν ἐκ Δαβὶδ κατὰ σάρκα γεννηθέντα Δεσπότην Χριστὸν, αἰώνιον ἔχοντα βασιλείαν καὶ δόξαν· καὶ ἔχοντα μὲν ταύτην πρὸ τῶν αἰώνων, ὡς ποιητὴν καὶ Θεόν · εἰληφότα δὲ πάλιν ὡς ἄνθρωπον, ἐπὶ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν· διὸ δὴ καὶ διὰ τοῦ θεσπεσίου Ἰεζεκιήλ ὁ τῶν ὅλων ἔφη Θεός· « Δώσω αὐτοῖς Δαβὶδ τὸν βασιλέα αὐτῶν. » Καὶ πάλιν· « Καὶ Δαβὶδ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν. » Δαβὶδ δὲ αὐτὸν ὠνόμασεν, ὡς ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Δαβὶδ ὀσφύος κατὰ σάρκα βλαστήσαντα. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ὁ μακάριος Ἡσαΐας βοᾷ • « Ἔσται ἡ ῥίζα τοῦ Ἰεσσαὶ, καὶ ἀνιστάμενος ἄρχειν ἐθνῶν, ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσι. » Ταῦτα μεμαθηκὼς ὁ μακάριος Ματθαῖος, οὕτω τῆς εὐαγγελικῆς ἤρξατο συγγραφῆς · · Βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ υἱοῦ Δαβίδ. »

« Megalynōn tas sōtērias tou basileōs, kai poiōn eleos tǭ christǭ autou, tǭ Dabid kai tǭ spermati autou heōs aiōnos. » Sy me gar chrisas eis basilea, ou monon sōzeis, alla kai periblepton apophaineis ; tautēs de tēs pronoias ouk eme monon, alla kai tous emous axiōseis paidas ; alla kai heōs aiōnos tǭ spermati mou phylaxeis tēn periphaneian. Touto de Ioudaïkōs men nooumenon, tēn prophēteian elenchei. Mechri gar tēs aichmalōsias tou Dabid to genos eis basileian diērkesen ; meta de tēn ekeithen epanodon, monos Zorobabel hēgemoneusas, tēs hēgemonias ou katelipe klēronomous. Ei toinyn alēthēs hē prophēteia, hōsper oun alēthēs ; to gar tēs alētheias autēn apekalypse pneuma ; leipetai noein to sperma tou Dabid, to aiōnion echon tēn periphaneian, ton ek Dabid kata sarka gennēthenta Despotēn Christon, aiōnion echonta basileian kai doxan; kai echonta men tautēn pro tōn aiōnōn, hōs poiētēn kai Theon ; eilēphota de palin hōs anthrōpon, epi eschatou tōn hēmerōn; dio dē kai dia tou thespesiou Iezekiēl ho tōn holōn ephē Theos; « Dōsō autois Dabid ton basilea autōn. » Kai palin; « Kai Dabid ho basileus en mesǭ autōn. » Dabid de auton ōnomasen, hōs ek tēs tou Dabid osphyos kata sarka blastēsanta. Touto de kai ho makarios Hēsaïas boą • « Estai hē rhiza tou Iessai, kai anistamenos archein ethnōn, ep᾿ autǭ ethnē elpiousi. » Tauta memathēkōs ho makarios Matthaios, houtō tēs euangelikēs ērxato syngraphēs ; ; Biblos geneseōs Iēsou Christou huiou Dabid. »

"Magnifying the salvations of the king, and showing mercy to his anointed, to David and to his seed for ever." You who anointed me king not only save me but make me admired; and you will count not only me but my children too worthy of this providence, and you will keep the glory for my seed for ever. Understood in the Jewish way this refutes the prophecy. For David's line continued in the kingship until the captivity; but after the return from there only Zerubbabel ruled, and he left no heirs of his rule. If, then, the prophecy is true, as it is (for the Spirit of truth revealed it), it remains to understand the seed of David that has eternal glory as Christ the Lord, born of David according to the flesh, who has an eternal kingdom and glory: he has it before the ages as maker and God, and received it again as man in the last days. Therefore through the inspired Ezekiel the God of all said: "I will give them David their king"; and again: "And David the king in their midst." He called him David as having sprung from David's loins according to the flesh. The blessed Isaiah too cries this: "There shall be the root of Jesse, and he who rises to rule the nations; in him the nations will hope." Having learned these things, the blessed Matthew began his Gospel thus: "The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David."

Ps 18:50 (17:51 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 37:24 (allusion, medium confidence) · Ezek 34:24 (quotation, medium confidence) · Isa 11:10 (quotation, high confidence) · Rom 15:12 (allusion, medium confidence) · Matt 1:1 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Psalm 18:50: since David's royal line ended after Zerubbabel, the eternal king from David's seed must be Christ.

The statement that a Jewish reading "refutes the prophecy" means that, taken of David's earthly line, the prophecy would prove false; translated as written.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (stray letters (OCR)): Σύ δι με γὰρ → Σὺ με γὰρ; Τοῦτο δὲ σε Ἰουδαϊκῶς → Τοῦτο δὲ Ἰουδαϊκῶς; ὁ βασιλεὺς δε ἐν μέσῳ → ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν μέσῳ.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 17.51 (PG 80 80:989; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-51). (abbreviation not yet checked)

Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/17-51

BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos-17-51) · Report an error

Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.