1 Samuel 21 in the early church

[LXX: 1 Kingdoms; Vulgate: 1 Kings]

52 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Samuel 21, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 15

1 Samuel 21:1

Then David came to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest. And when Ahimelech met David, he trembled and asked him, “Why are you alone? Why is no one with you?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:1PG 12:1067 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:1–6Commentary on Matthew 12 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 353–355
1 Sam 21:1Homilies on the Psalms 33.1 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 360-378
1 Sam 21:1–6Question 61, section 1 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 370–384
1 Sam 21:1–6Letter 57.9 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Sam 21:1The Conferences 17.18 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

1 Samuel 21:2

“The king has given me a mission,” David replied. “He told me no one is to know about the mission on which I am sending you. And I have directed my young men to meet me at a certain place.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:2PG 12:1067 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:2The Conferences 17.18 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
1 Sam 21:2The Conferences 17.19 · John Cassianallusion, high confidenceca. 426–429

1 Samuel 21:3

Now then, what do you have on hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever can be found.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:3Eclogae on 1 Kingdoms, column 993 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:3PG 12:1067 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254

1 Samuel 21:4

“There is no common bread on hand,” the priest replied, “but there is some consecrated bread—provided that the young men have kept themselves from women.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:4Eclogae on 1 Kingdoms, column 993 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:4PG 12:1067 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:4Fragment on 1 Corinthians (Jenkins § 34, part 1) · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 226-254
1 Sam 21:4Homilies on Ezekiel 9.5 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
1 Sam 21:4To Quirinus 3.32 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
1 Sam 21:4–5Letter 49.15 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Sam 21:4–5Against Jovinianus 1.20 · Jeromequotation, high confidence393
1 Sam 21:4Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 84 · Polychronius of Apameaallusion, medium confidenceca. 400-430
1 Sam 21:41 Corinthians 7:5 · Pelagiusallusion, high confidenceca. 405–410

1 Samuel 21:5

David answered, “Women have indeed been kept from us, as is usual when I set out. And the bodies of the young men are holy even on common missions. How much more so today!”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:5PG 12:1067 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254

1 Samuel 21:6

So the priest gave him the consecrated bread, since there was no bread there but the Bread of the Presence, which had been removed from before the LORD and replaced with hot bread on the day it was taken away.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:6Against Heresies 4.8.3 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
1 Sam 21:6Against Marcion 4.12 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
1 Sam 21:6PG 12:1067 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:6PG 12:1281 (Ps 26 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:6Book 2, lines 548–574 · Juvencusallusion, high confidenceca. 330
1 Sam 21:6On the Duties of the Clergy 3.21 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
1 Sam 21:6Homilies on Matthew 39.1 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
1 Sam 21:6On the Profit of Believing 6 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391–392
1 Sam 21:6Against Faustus the Manichaean 12.33 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 398–400
1 Sam 21:6Tractates 7 · Gaudentius of Bresciaallusion, high confidenceca. 397-410
1 Sam 21:6The Harmony of the Gospels 1.5 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 399–400

1 Samuel 21:7

Now one of Saul’s servants was there that day, detained before the LORD. And his name was Doeg the Edomite, the chief shepherd for Saul.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:7Eclogae on 1 Kingdoms, column 993 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:7PG 12:1455 (Ps 51–52 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:7On Joseph 35 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390

1 Samuel 21:8

Then David asked Ahimelech, “Is there not a spear or sword on hand here? For I have brought neither my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king’s mission was urgent.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:8Letter 29.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
1 Sam 21:8The Conferences 17.18 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

1 Samuel 21:9

The priest replied, “The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in the Valley of Elah, is here; it is wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. If you want, you may take it. For there is no other but this one here.” And David said, “There is none like it; give it to me.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:9Letter 29.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419

1 Samuel 21:10

That day David fled from Saul and went to Achish king of Gath.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:10–15Tractates on the Psalms 55.1 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
1 Sam 21:10–22:5Sermon 150 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, medium confidenceca. 425-450
1 Sam 21:10–15Part 2, chapter 25 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

1 Samuel 21:11

But the servants of Achish said to him, “Is this not David, the king of the land? Did they not sing about him in their dances, saying: ‘Saul has slain his thousands, and David his tens of thousands’?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:11Homilies on the Psalms 33.1 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-378

1 Samuel 21:12

Now David took these words to heart and was very much afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:12Homilies on the Psalms 33.1 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-378

1 Samuel 21:13

So he changed his behavior before them and feigned madness in their hands; he scratched on the doors of the gate and let his saliva run down his beard.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:13PG 12:1069 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:13PG 12:1307 (Ps 33 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
1 Sam 21:13Canonical Epistle, canon 5 · Peter of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceAD 306
1 Sam 21:13Defence of His Flight 10 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 357
1 Sam 21:13Homilies on the Psalms 33.1 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-378
1 Sam 21:13On the Duties of the Clergy 1.43 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
1 Sam 21:13Against Lying 24 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 420
1 Sam 21:13The Conferences 17.18 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

1 Samuel 21:15

Am I in need of madmen, that you have brought this man to rave in my presence? Must this man come into my house?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
1 Sam 21:15Homilies on the Psalms 33.1 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 360-378