1 Samuel 21 in the early church
[LXX: 1 Kingdoms; Vulgate: 1 Kings]
52 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Samuel 21, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 15
1 Samuel 21:1
Then David came to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest. And when Ahimelech met David, he trembled and asked him, “Why are you alone? Why is no one with you?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:1 | PG 12:1067 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:1–6 | Commentary on Matthew 12 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 353–355 |
| 1 Sam 21:1 | Homilies on the Psalms 33.1 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| 1 Sam 21:1–6 | Question 61, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| 1 Sam 21:1–6 | Letter 57.9 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Sam 21:1 | The Conferences 17.18 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
1 Samuel 21:2
“The king has given me a mission,” David replied. “He told me no one is to know about the mission on which I am sending you. And I have directed my young men to meet me at a certain place.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:2 | PG 12:1067 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:2 | The Conferences 17.18 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| 1 Sam 21:2 | The Conferences 17.19 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
1 Samuel 21:3
Now then, what do you have on hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever can be found.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:3 | Eclogae on 1 Kingdoms, column 993 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:3 | PG 12:1067 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
1 Samuel 21:4
“There is no common bread on hand,” the priest replied, “but there is some consecrated bread—provided that the young men have kept themselves from women.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:4 | Eclogae on 1 Kingdoms, column 993 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:4 | PG 12:1067 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:4 | Fragment on 1 Corinthians (Jenkins § 34, part 1) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 226-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:4 | Homilies on Ezekiel 9.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| 1 Sam 21:4 | To Quirinus 3.32 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| 1 Sam 21:4–5 | Letter 49.15 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Sam 21:4–5 | Against Jovinianus 1.20 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| 1 Sam 21:4 | Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 84 · Polychronius of Apamea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 400-430 |
| 1 Sam 21:4 | 1 Corinthians 7:5 · Pelagius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 405–410 |
1 Samuel 21:5
David answered, “Women have indeed been kept from us, as is usual when I set out. And the bodies of the young men are holy even on common missions. How much more so today!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:5 | PG 12:1067 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
1 Samuel 21:6
So the priest gave him the consecrated bread, since there was no bread there but the Bread of the Presence, which had been removed from before the LORD and replaced with hot bread on the day it was taken away.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:6 | Against Heresies 4.8.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| 1 Sam 21:6 | Against Marcion 4.12 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| 1 Sam 21:6 | PG 12:1067 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:6 | PG 12:1281 (Ps 26 LXX) · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:6 | Book 2, lines 548–574 · Juvencus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 330 |
| 1 Sam 21:6 | On the Duties of the Clergy 3.21 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| 1 Sam 21:6 | Homilies on Matthew 39.1 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| 1 Sam 21:6 | On the Profit of Believing 6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391–392 |
| 1 Sam 21:6 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 12.33 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| 1 Sam 21:6 | Tractates 7 · Gaudentius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 397-410 |
| 1 Sam 21:6 | The Harmony of the Gospels 1.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |
1 Samuel 21:7
Now one of Saul’s servants was there that day, detained before the LORD. And his name was Doeg the Edomite, the chief shepherd for Saul.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:7 | Eclogae on 1 Kingdoms, column 993 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:7 | PG 12:1455 (Ps 51–52 LXX) · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:7 | On Joseph 35 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
1 Samuel 21:8
Then David asked Ahimelech, “Is there not a spear or sword on hand here? For I have brought neither my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king’s mission was urgent.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:8 | Letter 29.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| 1 Sam 21:8 | The Conferences 17.18 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
1 Samuel 21:9
The priest replied, “The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in the Valley of Elah, is here; it is wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. If you want, you may take it. For there is no other but this one here.” And David said, “There is none like it; give it to me.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:9 | Letter 29.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
1 Samuel 21:10
That day David fled from Saul and went to Achish king of Gath.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:10–15 | Tractates on the Psalms 55.1 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| 1 Sam 21:10–22:5 | Sermon 150 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| 1 Sam 21:10–15 | Part 2, chapter 25 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
1 Samuel 21:11
But the servants of Achish said to him, “Is this not David, the king of the land? Did they not sing about him in their dances, saying: ‘Saul has slain his thousands, and David his tens of thousands’?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:11 | Homilies on the Psalms 33.1 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
1 Samuel 21:12
Now David took these words to heart and was very much afraid of Achish the king of Gath.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:12 | Homilies on the Psalms 33.1 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
1 Samuel 21:13
So he changed his behavior before them and feigned madness in their hands; he scratched on the doors of the gate and let his saliva run down his beard.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:13 | PG 12:1069 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:13 | PG 12:1307 (Ps 33 LXX) · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 21:13 | Canonical Epistle, canon 5 · Peter of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | AD 306 |
| 1 Sam 21:13 | Defence of His Flight 10 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357 |
| 1 Sam 21:13 | Homilies on the Psalms 33.1 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| 1 Sam 21:13 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.43 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
| 1 Sam 21:13 | Against Lying 24 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 420 |
| 1 Sam 21:13 | The Conferences 17.18 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
1 Samuel 21:15
Am I in need of madmen, that you have brought this man to rave in my presence? Must this man come into my house?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 21:15 | Homilies on the Psalms 33.1 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |