Isaiah 49 in the early church
[Vulgate: Isaias]
168 passages quote, allude to, or echo Isaiah 49, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24
Isaiah 49:1
Listen to Me, O islands; pay attention, O distant peoples: The LORD called Me from the womb; from the body of My mother He named Me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:1–3 | Commentary on John 1.134 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Isa 49:1 | Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 49:1 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.1.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 49:1–2 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.2.14 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 49:1 | Catechetical Lecture 10.12 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Isa 49:1 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 35.4.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Isaiah 49:2
He made My mouth like a sharp sword; He hid Me in the shadow of His hand. He made Me like a polished arrow; He hid Me in His quiver.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:2 | Fragments on the Song of Songs, chapter 2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Isa 49:2 | PG 12:1373 (Ps 37 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Isa 49:2 | PG 12:1625 (Ps 119 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Isa 49:2–6 | Commentary on John 1.133 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Isa 49:2–3 | Commentary on John 1.228 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Isa 49:2 | Commentary on John 1.229 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Isa 49:2 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 2.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Isa 49:2 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Isa 49:2 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 6.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Isa 49:2 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.67 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Isa 49:2 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.194 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Isa 49:2 | Homily on the Song of Songs 2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| Isa 49:2 | Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 49:2 | Catechetical Lecture 10.12 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Isa 49:2–3 | Tractates on the Psalms 119.15 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Isa 49:2 | Tractates on the Psalms 126.18 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Isa 49:2 | Oration 37.11 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 49:2 | Letter 34.4 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Isa 49:2 | Letter 65.12 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Isa 49:2 | Letter 75.5 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Isa 49:2 | Exposition of Psalm 118 5.17.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 49:2 | Hexameron (Exameron) 5.80 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Isa 49:2 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.24.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Isa 49:2 | Homily 4 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Isa 49:2 | Homily 12 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390–394 |
Isaiah 49:3
He said to Me, “You are My Servant, Israel, in whom I will display My glory.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:3 | Commentary on John 1.230 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Isa 49:3 | Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Isaiah 49:4
But I said, “I have labored in vain, I have spent My strength in futility and vanity; yet My vindication is with the LORD, and My reward is with My God.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:4 | Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 49:4 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 48.23.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Isaiah 49:5
And now says the LORD, who formed Me from the womb to be His Servant, to bring Jacob back to Him, that Israel might be gathered to Him—for I am honored in the sight of the LORD, and My God is My strength—
Isaiah 49:6
He says: “It is not enough for You to be My Servant, to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the protected ones of Israel. I will also make You a light for the nations, to bring My salvation to the ends of the earth.”
Isaiah 49:7
Thus says the LORD, the Redeemer and Holy One of Israel, to Him who was despised and abhorred by the nation, to the Servant of rulers: “Kings will see You and rise, and princes will bow down, because of the LORD, who is faithful, the Holy One of Israel, who has chosen You.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:7 | Epistle of Barnabas 14.8 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 70–135 (often ca. 130) |
| Isa 49:7 | Against Marcion 4.14 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 49:7 | Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 49:7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.2.16 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Isaiah 49:8
This is what the LORD says: “In the time of favor I will answer You, and in the day of salvation I will help You; I will keep You and appoint You to be a covenant for the people, to restore the land, to apportion its desolate inheritances,
Isaiah 49:9
to say to the prisoners, ‘Come out,’ and to those in darkness, ‘Show yourselves.’ They will feed along the pathways, and find pasture on every barren hill.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:9 | Miscellanies 6.6.44 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Isa 49:9 | Commentary on Daniel 4.31-34 · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 202-204 |
| Isa 49:9 | Homily on Isaiah 6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 235–250 |
| Isa 49:9 | Homilies on Ezekiel 1.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Isa 49:9 | Against Celsus 8.54 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Isa 49:9 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 115 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Isa 49:9 | Fragment on Job, no. 21 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Isa 49:9 | Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 49:9 | Exposition of Psalm 118 8.41.4 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
Isaiah 49:10
They will not hunger or thirst, nor will scorching heat or sun beat down on them. For He who has compassion on them will guide them and lead them beside springs of water.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:10 | Against Marcion 4.14 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 49:10 | Homilies on Numbers 23.11 · Origen | allusion, low confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Isa 49:10 | Lines 957–978 · Commodian | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Isa 49:10 | Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Isaiah 49:11
I will turn all My mountains into roads, and My highways will be raised up.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:11 | Prophetic Extracts 4.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Isaiah 49:12
Behold, they will come from far away, from the north and from the west, and from the land of Aswan.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:12 | Against Marcion 4.13 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 49:12–13 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.2.18 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Isa 49:12 | Part 3, chapter 35 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Isaiah 49:13
Shout for joy, O heavens; rejoice, O earth; break forth in song, O mountains! For the LORD has comforted His people, and He will have compassion on His afflicted ones.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:13 | Catechetical Lecture 18.33 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Isa 49:13 | On the Holy Spirit 28 · Didymus the Blind | quotation, high confidence | Greek ca. 360-390; Latin 387-391 |
| Isa 49:13 | Oration 4.12 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Isaiah 49:14
But Zion said, “The LORD has forsaken me; the Lord has forgotten me!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:14 | Commentary on Isaiah 50:1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 408-410 |
Isaiah 49:15
“Can a woman forget her nursing child, or lack compassion for the son of her womb? Even if she could forget, I will not forget you!
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:15–16 | Refutation of All Heresies 5.8.17 · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Isa 49:15 | Letter 243 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Isa 49:15 | Homilies on Matthew 22.6 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Isa 49:15 | The Conferences 13.17 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Isaiah 49:16
Behold, I have inscribed you on the palms of My hands; your walls are ever before Me.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:16 | Against Heresies 5.35.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Isa 49:16 | Oration 18.32 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 49:16 | Oration 34.5 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 49:16 | Oration 36.12 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 49:16 | On the Complaints of Job and David 3.24 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
| Isa 49:16 | Exposition of Psalm 118 14.43.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 49:16 | Hexameron (Exameron) 6.42 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Isa 49:16 | Hexameron (Exameron) 6.49 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Isa 49:16 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 47.22.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Isaiah 49:17
Your builders hasten back; your destroyers and wreckers depart from you.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:17 | Epistle of Barnabas 16.3 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | ca. 70–135 (often ca. 130) |
| Isa 49:17 | Letter 198.6 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
Isaiah 49:18
Lift up your eyes and look around. They all gather together; they come to you. As surely as I live,” declares the LORD, “you will wear them all as jewelry and put them on like a bride.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:18 | Against Marcion 3.24 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 49:18 | Against Marcion 4.11 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 49:18 | Against Marcion 4.13 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 49:18 | Commentary on John 2.116 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Isa 49:18 | Commentary on John 2.123 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Isa 49:18–19 | Church History 10.4.51 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| Isa 49:18 | Oration 6.17 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 49:18 | Oration 16.4 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 49:18 | Oration 42.11 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 49:18 | Book of Rules 7 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Isa 49:18 | Exposition of Psalm 118 5.1.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Isa 49:18 | On the Blessings of the Patriarchs 24 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-392 |
| Isa 49:18 | Part 1, chapter 27 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Isaiah 49:19
For your ruined and desolate places and your ravaged land will now indeed be too small for your people, and those who devoured you will be far away.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:19 | Book of Rules 7 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Isaiah 49:20
Yet the children of your bereavement will say in your hearing, ‘This place is too small for us; make room for us to live here.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:20 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 815 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Isa 49:20 | Homilies on Joshua 3.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Isa 49:20–21 | Church History 10.4.52 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| Isa 49:20 | Letter 120.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Isaiah 49:21
Then you will say in your heart, ‘Who has begotten these for me? I was bereaved and barren; I was exiled and rejected. So who has reared them? Look, I was left all alone, so where did they come from?’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:21 | Against Marcion 4.13 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 49:21 | Homilies on Joshua 3.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Isa 49:21 | Letter 78.30 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Isaiah 49:22
This is what the Lord GOD says: “Behold, I will lift up My hand to the nations, and raise My banner to the peoples. They will bring your sons in their arms and carry your daughters on their shoulders.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:22 | To the Smyrnaeans 1.2 · Ignatius of Antioch | echo, low confidence | ca. 110 (range ca. 105–135) |
| Isa 49:22 | On Prayer 15.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Isa 49:22 | Commentary on Matthew 13.26 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Isa 49:22 | Long recension, Smyrnaeans 1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | later 4th century (probable) |
| Isa 49:22 | Homily 2 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390–394 |
| Isa 49:22–26 | Commentary on Isaiah 50:1 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 408-410 |
| Isa 49:22–23 | Part 3, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Isaiah 49:23
Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursing mothers. They will bow to you facedown and lick the dust at your feet. Then you will know that I am the LORD; those who hope in Me will never be put to shame.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:23 | On Prayer 15.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Isa 49:23 | Commentary on Matthew 13.26 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
Isaiah 49:24
Can the plunder be snatched from the mighty, or the captives of a tyrant be delivered?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 49:24 | Homilies on Numbers 7.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |