Leviticus 23 in the early church
89 passages quote, allude to, or echo Leviticus 23, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 10 · 11 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 21 · 24 · 27 · 29 · 32 · 34 · 36 · 39 · 40 · 42 · 44
Leviticus 23:1
Then the LORD said to Moses,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:1–44 | Book of Heresies 141.1 · Philastrius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380s |
| Lev 23:1–44 | Book of Heresies 141.2 · Philastrius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380s |
Leviticus 23:4
These are the LORD’s appointed feasts, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:4 | Commentary on John 10.81 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
Leviticus 23:5
The Passover to the LORD begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:5 | Commentary on Matthew 15.31 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Lev 23:5–6 | Demonstration 12.12 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
Leviticus 23:6
On the fifteenth day of the same month begins the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:6 | On Prayer 27.14 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Lev 23:6 | Homilies on Leviticus 9.5 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 23:6 | Commentary on Matthew 15.31 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Lev 23:6 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 6.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Leviticus 23:7
On the first day you are to hold a sacred assembly; you are not to do any regular work.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:7 | Against Heresies 4.8.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Lev 23:7 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 45 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Lev 23:7 | Sermon 270.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| Lev 23:7 | Letters 9.3 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Lev 23:7 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 44.9 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
| Lev 23:7 | On the Spirit and the Letter 27 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | 412 |
| Lev 23:7 | City of God 22.30 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
Leviticus 23:10
“Speak to the Israelites and say, ‘When you enter the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you are to bring to the priest a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:10–11 | Fragment 16 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | late 2nd–early 3rd century |
| Lev 23:10 | Commentary on Romans 6.7 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Lev 23:10–17 | On the Paschal Feast 4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 325–337 |
| Lev 23:10 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.31.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
Leviticus 23:11
And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD so that it may be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the day after the Sabbath.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:11 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 51.31.6 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
Leviticus 23:15
From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, you are to count off seven full weeks.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:15 | PG 12:1075 (Ps 1 LXX) · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Lev 23:15–16 | Homilies on Numbers 25.4 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 23:15 | On the Making of the World 8 · Victorinus of Pettau | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd century |
| Lev 23:15 | Oration 41.1 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Lev 23:15 | Letter 130.10 · Jerome | allusion, low confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:15 | Letter 149.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:15–16 | Apostolic Constitutions 7.36.4 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Lev 23:15 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 32.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Lev 23:15–16 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 9 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
| Lev 23:15–16 | Sermon 139 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 425-450 |
| Lev 23:15 | The Conferences 21.20 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Leviticus 23:16
You shall count off fifty days until the day after the seventh Sabbath, and then present an offering of new grain to the LORD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:16 | On Prayer 27.14 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Lev 23:16 | Homilies on Numbers 5.2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 23:16 | On the Making of the World 8 · Victorinus of Pettau | allusion, medium confidence | late 3rd century |
| Lev 23:16 | Letter 149.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:16 | Exposition of Psalm 118 5.11.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lev 23:16 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 32.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Leviticus 23:17
Bring two loaves of bread from your dwellings as a wave offering, each made from two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour, baked with leaven, as the firstfruits to the LORD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:17 | Homilies on Leviticus 2.2 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 23:17 | Letter 149.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:17 | The Conferences 21.20 · John Cassian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Leviticus 23:21
On that same day you are to proclaim a sacred assembly, and you must not do any regular work. This is to be a permanent statute wherever you live for the generations to come.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:21 | Oration 41.1 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Leviticus 23:24
“Speak to the Israelites and say, ‘On the first day of the seventh month you are to have a day of rest, a sacred assembly announced by trumpet blasts.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:24 | PG 12:1075 (Ps 1 LXX) · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Lev 23:24 | PG 12:1677 (Ps 150 LXX) · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Lev 23:24 | On Prayer 27.14 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Lev 23:24 | Homilies on Numbers 23.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 23:24 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 52 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Lev 23:24–36 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.5.6 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Lev 23:24–34 | Letter 52.10 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:24 | Letter 130.10 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:24 | Letter 149.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:24 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.32.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, low confidence | 374-377 |
| Lev 23:24 | Exposition of Psalm 118 5.11.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lev 23:24–32 | Sermon 139 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Leviticus 23:27
“The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. You shall hold a sacred assembly and humble yourselves, and present a food offering to the LORD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:27 | On Fasting 2 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| Lev 23:27 | On Prayer 27.14 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Lev 23:27 | Homilies on Leviticus 9.5 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 23:27 | Homilies 1.1 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Lev 23:27 | Letter 130.10 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:27 | Letter 149.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:27 | Exposition of Psalm 118 5.11.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lev 23:27–29 | Against Jovinianus 2.17 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
Leviticus 23:29
If anyone does not humble himself on this day, he must be cut off from his people.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:29 | Epistle of Barnabas 7.3 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 70–135 (often ca. 130) |
| Lev 23:29 | On Fasting 2 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| Lev 23:29 | Letter 130.10 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Leviticus 23:32
It will be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you shall humble yourselves. From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to keep your Sabbath.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:32 | Question 64, section 3 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Lev 23:32 | Question 107, section 6 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, low confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Lev 23:32 | Book of Rules 5 · Tyconius | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
Leviticus 23:34
“Speak to the Israelites and say, ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the Feast of Tabernacles to the LORD begins, and it continues for seven days.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:34 | Res. 2.21 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Lev 23:34 | Letter 78.4 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:34 | Letter 149.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:34 | Exposition of Psalm 118 5.11.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lev 23:34 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 6.1 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Lev 23:34 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 6.9 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Lev 23:34 | Instructions 2.8 · Eucherius of Lyon | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 428-434 |
Leviticus 23:36
For seven days you are to present a food offering to the LORD. On the eighth day you are to hold a sacred assembly and present a food offering to the LORD. It is a solemn assembly; you must not do any regular work.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:36 | Letter 149.5 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Lev 23:36 | Exposition of Psalm 118 5.11.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
Leviticus 23:39
On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you have gathered the produce of the land, you are to celebrate a feast to the LORD for seven days. There shall be complete rest on the first day and also on the eighth day.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:39–43 | Symposium 9.1 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd century |
Leviticus 23:40
On the first day you are to gather the fruit of majestic trees, the branches of palm trees, and the boughs of leafy trees and of willows of the brook. And you are to rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:40 | Homilies on Exodus 9.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 23:40 | Homilies on Ezekiel 1.5 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Lev 23:40 | Symposium 9.3 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd century |
| Lev 23:40 | Symposium 9.4 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd century |
| Lev 23:40–42 | Tractates on the Psalms 120.3 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Lev 23:40 | Tractates on the Psalms 136.7 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Lev 23:40 | On the Soul and the Resurrection, Migne page 131 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 379–380 |
Leviticus 23:42
You are to dwell in booths for seven days. All the native-born of Israel must dwell in booths,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:42 | Homilies on Exodus 9.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 23:42–43 | Homilies on Numbers 17.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 23:42 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 28.3 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 406–420 |
Leviticus 23:44
So Moses announced to the Israelites the appointed feasts of the LORD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 23:44 | Homilies on Leviticus 13.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |