Isaiah 41 in the early church
[Vulgate: Isaias]
42 passages quote, allude to, or echo Isaiah 41, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 15 · 17 · 18 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 25 · 28
Isaiah 41:1
“Be silent before Me, O islands, and let the peoples renew their strength. Let them come forward and testify; let us together draw near for judgment.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:1 | Oration 44.1 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Isa 41:1 | On the Complaints of Job and David 4.34 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
Isaiah 41:2
Who has aroused one from the east and called him to his feet in righteousness? He hands nations over to him and subdues kings before him. He turns them to dust with his sword, to windblown chaff with his bow.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:2 | Homily on Isaiah 5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 235–250 |
| Isa 41:2 | Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 41:2 | Preparation for the Gospel 11.23.9 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Isa 41:2 | On Ecclesiastical Theology 1.20.80 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 337–339 |
Isaiah 41:3
He pursues them, going on safely, hardly touching the path with his feet.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:3 | Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Isaiah 41:4
Who has performed this and carried it out, calling forth the generations from the beginning? I, the LORD—the first and the last—I am He.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:4 | Against Heresies 4.5.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Isa 41:4 | Against Praxeas 19 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 213 or later |
| Isa 41:4 | Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Isa 41:4 | Preparation for the Gospel 11.13.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Isa 41:4 | On Ecclesiastical Theology 2.19.15 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| Isa 41:4 | Theological Oration 3 (Or. 29), On the Son 17 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | 380 |
Isaiah 41:5
The islands see and fear; the ends of the earth tremble. They approach and come forward.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:5 | Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Isaiah 41:6
Each one helps the other and says to his brother, “Be strong!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:6 | Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Isaiah 41:7
The craftsman encourages the goldsmith, and he who wields the hammer cheers him who strikes the anvil, saying of the welding, “It is good.” He nails it down so it will not be toppled.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:7 | Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Isaiah 41:8
“But you, O Israel, My servant, Jacob, whom I have chosen, descendant of Abraham My friend—
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:8 | 1 Clement 10.1 · Clement of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) |
| Isa 41:8 | Miscellanies 2.5.20 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Isa 41:8 | Against the Jews 2 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 197–207 |
| Isa 41:8 | Homilies 18.13 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | 4th century (reworking earlier material) |
| Isa 41:8 | Demonstration 20.16 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
Isaiah 41:10
Do not fear, for I am with you; do not be afraid, for I am your God. I will strengthen you; I will surely help you; I will uphold you with My righteous right hand.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:10 | Letter 100.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Isaiah 41:11
Behold, all who rage against you will be ashamed and disgraced; those who contend with you will be reduced to nothing and will perish.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:11 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.47.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Isa 41:11 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.48.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Isaiah 41:12
You will seek them but will not find them. Those who wage war against you will come to nothing.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:12 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.47.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Isa 41:12 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.48.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Isaiah 41:15
Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:15–20 | To Quirinus 2.4 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
Isaiah 41:17
The poor and needy seek water, but there is none; their tongues are parched with thirst. I, the LORD, will answer them; I, the God of Israel, will not forsake them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:17 | Against Hermogenes 34 · Tertullian | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 200–206 |
| Isa 41:17–19 | Demonstration 20.14 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Isa 41:17 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 61.23.1 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Isaiah 41:18
I will open rivers on the barren heights, and fountains in the middle of the valleys. I will turn the desert into a pool of water, and the dry land into flowing springs.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:18 | Against Marcion 3.5 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Isa 41:18 | Against Marcion 4.13 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
Isaiah 41:21
“Present your case,” says the LORD. “Submit your arguments,” says the King of Jacob.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:21 | Demonstration 14.5 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
Isaiah 41:22
“Let them come and tell us what will happen. Tell the former things, so that we may reflect on them and know the outcome. Or announce to us what is coming.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:22–23 | On First Principles 4.3.14 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Isa 41:22 | Homily on Isaiah 1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 235–250 |
| Isa 41:22 | Homily on Isaiah 4 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 235–250 |
| Isa 41:22 | Apology for Origen 4.1 · Pamphilus of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 308–310 (Rufinus's Latin about 397) |
Isaiah 41:23
Tell us the things that are to come, so that we may know that you are gods. Yes, do something good or evil, that we may look on together in dismay.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:23 | Homily on Isaiah 1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 235–250 |
| Isa 41:23 | Apology for Origen 4.1 · Pamphilus of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 308–310 (Rufinus's Latin about 397) |
Isaiah 41:25
I have raised up one from the north, and he has come—one from the east who calls on My name. He will march over rulers as if they were mortar, like a potter who treads the clay.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:25 | Miscellanies 5.14.99 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, low confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Isa 41:25 | Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.22 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
Isaiah 41:28
When I look, there is no one; there is no counselor among them; when I ask them, they have nothing to say.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isa 41:28 | Against Marcion 4.25 · Tertullian | quotation, medium confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |