Interpretation of the Psalms 55.1–57.12
Greek text: PG 80.English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Chapter 55
55.1PG 80 80:1281
«Εἰς τὸ τέλος. Ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁγίων μεμακρυμμένου· τῷ Δαβὶδ εἰς στηλογραφίαν. Ὁπότε ἐκράτησαν αὐτὸν οἱ ἀλλόφυλοι ἐν Γέθ. › Σημαίνει καὶ ἡ ἐπιγραφή, ὡς διπλῆ τοῦ ψαλμοῦ ἡ διάνοια, καὶ αὐτῷ ἁρμόττουσα τῷ Δαβίδ, καὶ τῷ λαῷ τῷ δορυαλώτῳ γεγενημένῳ, καὶ τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν οἰκεῖν ἡναγκασμένῳ · ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλοῖς τῶν ἐφεξῆς. [Τὸ γὰρ « ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ὁσίων κεκρυμμένου, » ἢ αἰχμαλωτισθέντος καὶ χωρισθέντος τῆς τηνικαῦτα ἁγίας πόλεως, ἥτις ἦν ἡ Ἱερουσαλήμ, ἢ τοῦ μακρύνοντος ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν, ἀπὸ τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν πίστεως.] Συμβαίνει γὰρ τὰ παθήματα. Ἐκεῖνοί τε γὰρ Βαβυλωνίοις ἐδούλευον ἀλλοφύλοις ἀνθρώποις· καὶ οὗτος ἀποδρὰς τὸν Σαούλ, μέτοικος ἀλλοφύλων ἐγένετο. Ἰστέον μέντοι, ὅτι δὶς ἀφίκετο εἰς τὴν Γέθ. καὶ πρότερον μὲν πολέμιος εἶναι δόξας, εἶτα κινδυνεύσας, καὶ ἐπιληψίαν ὑποκρινάμενος, ἀφέθη τε καὶ διέφυγεν. Ὕστερον δὲ θαῤῥηθεὶς συνδιέτριβεν ἀπολαύων εἰρήνης. Τὸν μέντοι παρόντα ψαλμὸν, τὸν πρότερον μὲν κίνδυνον ὑπομείνας συνέγραψεν. « Ἐλέησόν με, ὁ Θεὸς, ὅτι κατεπάτησέν με ἄνθρωπος· ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν πολεμῶν ἔθλιψέ με. Κατεπάτησάν με οἱ ἐχθροί μου ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν. • Ὑπὸ διαφόρων ἐχθρῶν ἐξελαυνόμενός τε καὶ πολεμούμενος, καὶ οἱονεὶ συμπατούμενος καὶ διηνεκῶς τοῦτο πάσχων, τὴν σὴν, ὦ Δέσποτα, φιλανθρωπίαν προσμένω. Τὸ δὲ ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν, πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ὁ Σύμμαχος ἡρμήνευσεν, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐνδελεχῶς καὶ διηνεκῶς. « Ὅτι πολλοὶ οἱ πολεμοῦντές με ἀπὸ ὕψους.» [᾿Αντὶ τοῦ, ἀπὸ τῆς δυναστείας αὐτῶν.] Οὐ δέδια, φησὶ, τὰς τῶν ἀνθρώπων εὐημερίας αἷς θαῤῥοῦντες τὸν καθ᾽ ἡμῶν ἀνεδέξαντο πόλεμον. Ὕψος γὰρ ἡμέρας, τὴν παροῦσαν ἐκάλεσεν εὐπραξίαν, τὴν πρόσκαιρον, τὴν ἐφήμερον, τὴν ἐπίκηρον, τὴν οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν διαῤῥέουσαν. Εἶτα διδάσκει τίνος χάριν οὐ χρὴ δειμαίνειν τοὺς ἐπὶ ταῖς εὐημερίαις βρενθυομένους.
«Eis to telos. Hyper tou laou tou apo tōn hagiōn memakrymmenou; tǭ Dabid eis stēlographian. Hopote ekratēsan auton hoi allophyloi en Geth. › Sēmainei kai hē epigraphē, hōs diplē tou psalmou hē dianoia, kai autǭ harmottousa tǭ Dabid, kai tǭ laǭ tǭ doryalōtǭ gegenēmenǭ, kai tēn allotrian oikein hēnankasmenǭ ; alla kai pollois tōn ephexēs. [To gar « hyper tou laou tou apo tōn hosiōn kekrymmenou, » ē aichmalōtisthentos kai chōristhentos tēs tēnikauta hagias poleōs, hētis ēn hē Hierousalēm, ē tou makrynontos heauton apo tou Theou, ho estin, apo tēs eis auton pisteōs.] Symbainei gar ta pathēmata. Ekeinoi te gar Babylōniois edouleuon allophylois anthrōpois; kai houtos apodras ton Saoul, metoikos allophylōn egeneto. Isteon mentoi, hoti dis aphiketo eis tēn Geth. kai proteron men polemios einai doxas, eita kindyneusas, kai epilēpsian hypokrinamenos, aphethē te kai diephygen. Hysteron de tharrhētheis syndietriben apolauōn eirēnēs. Ton mentoi paronta psalmon, ton proteron men kindynon hypomeinas synegrapsen. « Eleēson me, ho Theos, hoti katepatēsen me anthrōpos; holēn tēn hēmeran polemōn ethlipse me. Katepatēsan me hoi echthroi mou holēn tēn hēmeran. • Hypo diaphorōn echthrōn exelaunomenos te kai polemoumenos, kai hoionei sympatoumenos kai diēnekōs touto paschōn, tēn sēn, ō Despota, philanthrōpian prosmenō. To de holēn tēn hēmeran, pasan hēmeran ho Symmachos hērmēneusen, anti tou endelechōs kai diēnekōs. « Hoti polloi hoi polemountes me apo hypsous.» [᾿Anti tou, apo tēs dynasteias autōn.] Ou dedia, phēsi, tas tōn anthrōpōn euēmerias hais tharrhountes ton kath᾽ hēmōn anedexanto polemon. Hypsos gar hēmeras, tēn parousan ekalesen eupraxian, tēn proskairon, tēn ephēmeron, tēn epikēron, tēn ouk eis makran diarrheousan. Eita didaskei tinos charin ou chrē deimainein tous epi tais euēmeriais brenthyomenous.
"To the end; for the people removed far from the holy things; for David, for an inscription on a pillar; when the foreigners seized him in Gath." The title too shows that the sense of the psalm is double, fitting both David himself and the people who were taken captive and forced to live in a foreign land, and indeed many of those after them. [For "for the people hidden from the holy ones" means either the people taken captive and separated from the then holy city, which was Jerusalem, or the one who removes himself far from God, that is, from faith in him.] For the sufferings correspond. They served the Babylonians, foreign men; and he, running away from Saul, became a resident among foreigners. One should know that he came to Gath twice: the first time he was thought to be an enemy, was in danger, pretended epilepsy, and was let go and escaped; later, trusted, he stayed there enjoying peace. He wrote the present psalm after undergoing the first danger. "Have mercy on me, O God, for a man has trampled me; all the day warring he afflicted me. My enemies trampled me all the day." "Driven out and warred on by various enemies, and as it were trampled, and suffering this continually, I await your love for humankind, Master." For "all the day" Symmachus rendered "every day," that is, continually and without ceasing. "For many are those who war against me from on high." [That is, from their power.] "I do not fear," he says, "the prosperity of men, trusting in which they took up the war against us." For he called present success the height of the day: temporary, of a day, perishable, soon to flow away. Then he teaches why one need not fear those who pride themselves on their prosperity.
Ps 56:1 (55:1 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 56:1 (55:2 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 56:2 (55:3 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Sam 21:13 (allusion, high confidence) · 1 Sam 27:3 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 56:1–2: written after David's first danger at Gath, the psalm also fits the captives in Babylon; he does not fear his enemies' passing prosperity.
- The bracketed passages close with brackets in Migne; the opening brackets are supplied. They are probably additions from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter for a quotation mark; opening bracket lost in the OCR; marginal verse numbers (OCR); opening bracket lost in the OCR; stray letter and joined words (OCR)): Τὸ γὰρ ι ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ → [Τὸ γὰρ « ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ; εἰρήνης. ε Τὸνμέν τοι → εἰρήνης. Τὸν μέντοι; συνέγραψεν. β', γ'. « → συνέγραψεν. «; ἀπὸ ὕψους.» ᾿Αντὶ τοῦ → ἀπὸ ὕψους.» [᾿Αντὶ τοῦ.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 55.1 (PG 80 80:1281; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.4PG 80 80:1283
« Ἡμέρας οὐ φοβηθήσομαι · ἐγὼ δὲ ἐλπιῶ ἐπὶ σέ. » Τὴν πρόσκαιρον, φησὶν, εὐκληρίαν οὐ δέδια, τὴν σὴν ἔχων ἐπικουρίαν· τοῦτο δὲ ὁ Σύμμαχος οὕτως ἡρμήνευσεν, ᾧ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ φοβηθῶ, σοὶ πέποιθα. ᾿Αντιτάττω, φησὶ, τῷ φόβῳ τὸ ἐπὶ σοὶ θάρσος. [ Καλῶς οὖν τέθεικε τὸ, « Ἐγὼ δὲ ἐλπιῶ ἐπὶ σὲ · · ἀντὶ τοῦ, Οὐδὲ γάρ ἐστιν ἄλλος, οὐκ ἔστι δυνάμενος ῥύσασθαι τοὺς πειραζομένους ἐκ τῶν ἐπιβουλευόντων, εἰ μὴ ἡ σὴ μόνη, ὦ Δέσποτα, προμήθεια. Καὶ σαφέστερον αὐτὸ ἐλάμπρυνε διὰ τοῦ εἰπεῖν·]
« Hēmeras ou phobēthēsomai ; egō de elpiō epi se. » Tēn proskairon, phēsin, euklērian ou dedia, tēn sēn echōn epikourian; touto de ho Symmachos houtōs hērmēneusen, hǭ an hēmerą phobēthō, soi pepoitha. ᾿Antitattō, phēsi, tǭ phobǭ to epi soi tharsos. [ Kalōs oun tetheike to, « Egō de elpiō epi se ; ; anti tou, Oude gar estin allos, ouk esti dynamenos rhysasthai tous peirazomenous ek tōn epibouleuontōn, ei mē hē sē monē, ō Despota, promētheia. Kai saphesteron auto elampryne dia tou eipein;]
"I will not fear by day; but I will hope in you." "I do not fear temporary good fortune," he says, "having your help." Symmachus rendered this thus: "On whatever day I fear, I trust in you." "I set confidence in you against fear," he says. [He rightly put "But I will hope in you"; that is: "For there is no other who can rescue those tried from those who plot against them, except your providence alone, Master." And he made it more brilliant by saying:]
Ps 56:3 (55:4 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 56:3: the psalmist sets trust in God against fear.
- The bracketed passage is bracketed in Migne; it is probably an addition from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray letters (OCR)): δέδια, δέ τὴν σὴν → δέδια, τὴν σὴν.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 55.4 (PG 80 80:1283; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.5PG 80 80:1283
· Ἐν τῷ Θεῷ ἐπαινέσω τοὺς λόγους μου ". [ Ἐπαινεταὶ, φησὶ, παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ αἱ προσευχαὶ, ἂς ἐκτενεῖς διὰ τῆς μετανοίας αὐτῷ προσφέρων οὐ παύσομαι.] « Ἐπὶ τῷ Θεῷ ἤλπισα, οὐ φοβηθήσομαι τί ποιήσει μοι σάρξ;» [ Σάρκα τοὺς παχυτέρους καὶ χαμαιῤῥεπῆ τὸν βίον κεκτημένους ἀνθρώπους λέγει.] Καὶ φθεγγόμενος, φησὶ, τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ μνήμῃ τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους κοσμῶ· καὶ πολεμούμενος, τῇ σῇ κηδεμονίᾳ θαῤῥῶν, τῶν πολεμούντων καταφρονῶ.
; En tǭ Theǭ epainesō tous logous mou ". [ Epainetai, phēsi, para tǭ Theǭ hai proseuchai, as ekteneis dia tēs metanoias autǭ prospherōn ou pausomai.] « Epi tǭ Theǭ ēlpisa, ou phobēthēsomai ti poiēsei moi sarx?» [ Sarka tous pachyterous kai chamairrhepē ton bion kektēmenous anthrōpous legei.] Kai phthengomenos, phēsi, tę̄ tou Theou mnēmę̄ tous emous logous kosmō; kai polemoumenos, tę̄ sę̄ kēdemonią tharrhōn, tōn polemountōn kataphronō.
"In God I will praise my words." ["Praiseworthy before God are prayers," he says, "which I will not cease offering him earnestly through repentance."] "In God I have hoped; I will not fear what flesh can do to me." [He calls flesh people who are coarser and have a life bent toward the ground.] "Speaking," he says, "I adorn my words with the remembrance of God; and warred on, trusting in your care, I despise those who war on me."
Ps 56:4 (55:5 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 56:4: trusting God, the psalmist fears no mere flesh.
- The bracketed passages are bracketed in Migne; they are probably additions from the catena.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 55.5 (PG 80 80:1283; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6PG 80 80:1285
«Ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν τοὺς λόγους μου έβδελύσσοντο κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ πάντες οἱ διαλογισμοὶ αὐτῶν εἰς κακόν.» Πάντα, φησὶ λογισμὸν εἰς τὰς κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ κινοῦσιν ἐπιβουλὰς, ὡς ψευδεῖς τοὺς ἐμοὺς ἀποστρεφόμενοι λόγους, καὶ τὴν προσφερομένην ἀπολογίαν ἀποσειόμενοι. [ Τὸ αὐτὸ δὲ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος ἔστιν ἰδεῖν ὑπομένοντας πολλοὺς παρά τινων ἀνθρώπων καὶ δαιμόνων.]
«Holēn tēn hēmeran tous logous mou ebdelyssonto kat᾿ emou pantes hoi dialogismoi autōn eis kakon.» Panta, phēsi logismon eis tas kat᾿ emou kinousin epiboulas, hōs pseudeis tous emous apostrephomenoi logous, kai tēn prospheromenēn apologian aposeiomenoi. [ To auto de mechri tou parontos estin idein hypomenontas pollous para tinōn anthrōpōn kai daimonōn.]
"All the day they abhorred my words; all their thoughts are against me for evil." "They move every thought into plots against me," he says, "turning away from my words as false and shaking off the defense I offered." [One can see many even now enduring the same from some people and demons.]
Ps 56:5 (55:6 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 56:5: the enemies reject every word of defense and plot constantly.
- The bracketed sentence is bracketed in Migne; it is probably an addition from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray letters (OCR); words joined (OCR)): τοὺς δι λόγους → τοὺς λόγους; λογισμὸνεἰς → λογισμὸν εἰς.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 55.6 (PG 80 80:1285; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.7PG 80 80:1285
« Παροικήσουσι καὶ κατακρύψουσιν, αὐτοὶ τὴν πτέρναν μου φυλάξουσιν· καθάπερ ὑπ· έμειναν τὴν ψυχήν μου.» Σαφέστερον τοῦτο ὁ Σύμμαχος ἡρμήνευσε, Συνήγοντο λάθρα, καὶ τὰ ἴχνη μου παρετήρουν, προσδοκῶντες τὴν ψυχήν μου. Δεδήλωκε δὲ διὰ τῶν εἰρημένων τοὺς λόγους αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰς ἐνέδρας, καὶ τὰς ἐπιβουλάς.
« Paroikēsousi kai katakrypsousin, autoi tēn pternan mou phylaxousin; kathaper hyp; emeinan tēn psychēn mou.» Saphesteron touto ho Symmachos hērmēneuse, Synēgonto lathra, kai ta ichnē mou paretēroun, prosdokōntes tēn psychēn mou. Dedēlōke de dia tōn eirēmenōn tous logous autōn, kai tas enedras, kai tas epiboulas.
"They will sojourn and hide; they will watch my heel, as they waited for my soul." Symmachus rendered this more clearly: "They gathered secretly and watched my footsteps, expecting my soul." By these words he has shown their words, ambushes, and plots.
Ps 56:6 (55:7 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 56:6: the enemies gather secretly and watch the psalmist's steps.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 55.7 (PG 80 80:1285; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.8PG 80 80:1285
« Ὑπὲρ τοῦ μηθενὸς ὥσεις αὐτούς.» Ῥᾴδιόν σοι, φησὶ, καὶ λίαν εὐπετὲς ὦσαι αὐτοὺς, καὶ καταβαλεῖν, καὶ παραδοῦναι θανάτῳ· τὸ γὰρ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μηθενὸς, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπόνως, καὶ ῥᾳδίως τέθεικε. « Ἐν ὀργῇ λαοὺς κατάξεις αὐτοὺς, ὁ Θεός., [Οὐ γὰρ τούτους μόνους, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντας τοὺς παρανομίᾳ συζῇν προαιρουμένους, κολάσει παραδώσεις ὀργῆς πεπληρωμένῃ]. ›
« Hyper tou mēthenos hōseis autous.» Rhądion soi, phēsi, kai lian eupetes ōsai autous, kai katabalein, kai paradounai thanatǭ; to gar hyper tou mēthenos, anti tou aponōs, kai rhądiōs tetheike. « En orgę̄ laous kataxeis autous, ho Theos., [Ou gar toutous monous, alla kai pantas tous paranomią syzę̄n proairoumenous, kolasei paradōseis orgēs peplērōmenę̄]. ›
"For nothing you will thrust them away." "It is easy for you," he says, "and very simple to thrust them, throw them down, and hand them over to death"; for he put "for nothing" for "without toil" and "easily." "In anger you will bring down peoples, O God." ["Not these only, but all who choose to live with lawlessness you will hand over to punishment full of wrath."]
Ps 56:7 (55:8 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 56:7: God can overthrow the wicked effortlessly and punishes all the lawless.
- The bracketed words close with a bracket in Migne; the opening bracket is supplied. They are probably an addition from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (opening bracket lost in the OCR): ὁ Θεός., Οὐ γὰρ τούτους → ὁ Θεός., [Οὐ γὰρ τούτους.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 55.8 (PG 80 80:1285; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-8
BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos-55-8) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9PG 80 80:1285
« Τὴν ζωήν μου ἐξήγγειλά σοι. » Πάντα σοι τὰ ἐμὰ δῆλα καθέστηκε, τὰ πράγματα, τὰ ῥήματα τὰ ἐνθυμήματα. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ὁ Σύμμαχος ἡρμήνευσε, Τὰ ἔνδον μου ἐξηρίθμηταί σοι. • Ἔθου τὰ δάκρυά μου ἐνώπιόν σου, ὡς καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐπαγγελίᾳ σου.» Ἐπένευσας, φησὶ, τοῖς ἐμοῖς δάκρυσι, καὶ τὰς ἐπαγγελίας πεπλήρωκας. Σὺ γὰρ ὑπέσχου νομοθετῶν τῶν ἀδικουμένων ἐπακούειν στενόντων. Οὕτω γὰρ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ φησί · « Στενάξει πρός με, καὶ ἐπακούσομαι αὐτοῦ. ἐλεήμων γάρ εἰμι.» «Ἐπιστρέψουσιν οἱ ἐχθροί μου εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω.» Σοῦ δὲ τὴν ἐμὴν δέησιν δεξαμένου, φεύξονται οἱ πολέμιοι, καὶ τῆς θρασύτησος παύσονται. · Ἐν ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπικαλέσωμαι ἰδοὺ ἔγνων, ὅτι Θεός μου εἶ σύ. » Δεχόμενος γὰρ τὰς αἰτήσεις, δι' αὐτῶν πείθομαι τῶν πραγμάτων, ὅσην μου κηδεμονίαν ποιῇ.
« Tēn zōēn mou exēngeila soi. » Panta soi ta ema dēla kathestēke, ta pragmata, ta rhēmata ta enthymēmata. Houtō gar kai ho Symmachos hērmēneuse, Ta endon mou exērithmētai soi. • Ethou ta dakrya mou enōpion sou, hōs kai en tę̄ epangelią sou.» Epeneusas, phēsi, tois emois dakrysi, kai tas epangelias peplērōkas. Sy gar hypeschou nomothetōn tōn adikoumenōn epakouein stenontōn. Houtō gar en tǭ nomǭ phēsi ; « Stenaxei pros me, kai epakousomai autou. eleēmōn gar eimi.» «Epistrepsousin hoi echthroi mou eis ta opisō.» Sou de tēn emēn deēsin dexamenou, pheuxontai hoi polemioi, kai tēs thrasytēsos pausontai. ; En hę̄ an hēmerą epikalesōmai idou egnōn, hoti Theos mou ei sy. » Dechomenos gar tas aitēseis, di' autōn peithomai tōn pragmatōn, hosēn mou kēdemonian poię̄.
"I declared my life to you." "All my affairs are plain to you: deeds, words, thoughts." So too Symmachus rendered: "My inner things have been counted by you." "You set my tears before you, as also in your promise." "You nodded to my tears," he says, "and fulfilled your promises. For in giving the law you promised to hear the wronged when they groan. So he says in the law: He will groan to me, and I will hear him, for I am merciful." "My enemies will turn back." "When you receive my petition, the enemies will flee and cease their boldness." "In whatever day I call on you, behold, I know that you are my God." "For receiving my requests, I am persuaded by the events themselves how much care you take of me."
Ps 56:8 (55:9 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 56:9 (55:10 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Exod 22:27 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 56:8–9: God knows all the psalmist's life and, as the law promises, hears the tears of the wronged and turns back his enemies.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (marginal verse number (OCR); stray letter (OCR); stray letters (OCR)): Τὴν το ζωήν → Τὴν ζωήν; Πάντα σοιὰ τὰ → Πάντα σοι τὰ; εἰμι.» ι'. « → εἰμι.» «; Σοῦ βι δὲ → Σοῦ δὲ.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 55.9 (PG 80 80:1285; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.11PG 80 80:1287
· Ἐπὶ τῷ Θεῷ αἰνέσω ῥῆμα· ἐπὶ τῷ Κυρίῳ αἰνέσω λόγον· ἐπὶ τῷ Θεῷ ἤλπισα· οὐ φοβηθήσομαι τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος.» [Καλὸς καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁ προφητικὸς νοῦς. Πῶς ἴσην τὴν προσευχὴν τῇ ἀχράντῳ καὶ ὁμοουσίῳ Τριάδι προσφέρει;] Οὐδὲ εν φθέγξασθαι, φησὶν, ἄνευ τῆς σῆς ἐπικλήσεως ἀνέξομαι. ᾿Αλλὰ καὶ σμικρὸν ῥῆμα προσφέρων, καὶ μακροτέροις χρώμενος λόγοις, τῇ σῇ τούτους προσηγορίᾳ κοσμήσω, καὶ σοὶ πεποιθώς καταφρονήσω τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπιβουλῶν.
; Epi tǭ Theǭ ainesō rhēma; epi tǭ Kyriǭ ainesō logon; epi tǭ Theǭ ēlpisa; ou phobēthēsomai ti poiēsei moi anthrōpos.» [Kalos kai entautha ho prophētikos nous. Pōs isēn tēn proseuchēn tę̄ achrantǭ kai homoousiǭ Triadi prospherei?] Oude en phthenxasthai, phēsin, aneu tēs sēs epiklēseōs anexomai. ᾿Alla kai smikron rhēma prospherōn, kai makroterois chrōmenos logois, tę̄ sę̄ toutous prosēgorią kosmēsō, kai soi pepoithōs kataphronēsō tōn anthrōpinōn epiboulōn.
"In God I will praise a word; in the Lord I will praise a saying; in God I have hoped; I will not fear what man can do to me." [Fine here too is the prophetic sense. How does he offer equal prayer to the undefiled and consubstantial Trinity?] "I will not bear," he says, "to utter even one thing without calling on you. Whether offering a small word or using longer speech, I will adorn it with your name, and trusting in you I will despise human plots."
Ps 56:10 (55:11 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 56:11 (55:12 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 56:10–11: the psalmist adorns every word with God's name and fears no human plot.
- The bracketed sentences close with a bracket in Migne; the opening bracket is supplied. They are probably an addition from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (opening bracket lost in the OCR): ἄνθρωπος.» Καλὸς καὶ ἐνταῦθα → ἄνθρωπος.» [Καλὸς καὶ ἐνταῦθα.
Topics: Trinity
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 55.11 (PG 80 80:1287; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.12PG 80 80:1287
«Ἐνθὰ ἐμοὶ, ὁ Θεὸς, εὐχαὶ ἃς ἀποδώσω αἰνέσεώς σοι. » Τὰς ὑποσχέσεις σοἱ, φησὶν, εὐγνωμόνως ἐκτίσω · εὐχὰς γὰρ, τὰς πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ὑποσχέσεις καλεῖ'. Οὕτω καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ· « ᾿Αποδώσω σοι τὰς εὐχάς μου, ἃς διέστειλε τὰ χείλη μου, καὶ· ἐλάλησε τὸ στόμα μου ἐν τῇ θλίψει μου.» Εἶτα διδάσκει ὑπὲρ τίνων, καὶ τίνες αἱ ὑποσχέσεις. «Ὅτι ἐῤῥύσω τὴν ψυχήν μου ἐκ θανάτου. τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου ἀπὸ δακρύων· καὶ τοὺς πόδας μου ἀπὸ ὀλισθήματος.» [Διὰ πάντων με τούτων θωρακίσας καὶ ἀσφαλισάμενος· καὶ ἐδραίαν ἔχειν τὴν πεποίθησιν ἐπὶ τούτοις πεπιστευκὼς ἐν τούτοις · πληρώσω καὶ τὴν παροῦσαν ᾠδὴν.] «Εὐαρεστήσω” ἐνώπιον Κυρίου· ἐν φωτὶ ζώντων. » Τοσούτων γὰρ εὐεργεσιῶν ἀπολαύσας, καὶ τῶν διαφόρων ἐπιβουλῶν κρείττων φανεὶς, τῆς σῆς φροντιῶ θεραπείας", καὶ πολιτείαν αἱρήσομαι, ἢ σοὶ μὲν ἀρέσει, ἐμοὶ δὲ προξενήσει ζωὴν τὴν αἰώνιον, καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐκεῖνο τὸ τοῖς ἐννόμως ζῶσιν ἐπηγγελμένον. Ταῦτα δὲ, ὡς ἔφην, καὶ τῷ μακαρίῳ ἁρμόττει Δαβίδ, καὶ τοῖς ἐν Βαβυλῶνι δορυαλώτοις. ῾Αρμόττει δὲ καὶ ἡμῖν, πολλὰς μὲν ὑπομένουσι παρὰ ἀνθρώπων, καὶ παρὰ δαιμόνων, ἐπιβουλὰς, διὰ δὲ τῆς θείας κηδεμονίας, τὴν ἐκεῖθεν φυομένην διαφεύγουσι λώβην.
«Entha emoi, ho Theos, euchai has apodōsō aineseōs soi. » Tas hyposcheseis soi, phēsin, eugnōmonōs ektisō ; euchas gar, tas pros ton Theon hyposcheseis kalei'. Houtō kai allachou; « ᾿Apodōsō soi tas euchas mou, has diesteile ta cheilē mou, kai; elalēse to stoma mou en tę̄ thlipsei mou.» Eita didaskei hyper tinōn, kai tines hai hyposcheseis. «Hoti errhysō tēn psychēn mou ek thanatou. tous ophthalmous mou apo dakryōn; kai tous podas mou apo olisthēmatos.» [Dia pantōn me toutōn thōrakisas kai asphalisamenos; kai edraian echein tēn pepoithēsin epi toutois pepisteukōs en toutois ; plērōsō kai tēn parousan ǭdēn.] «Euarestēsō” enōpion Kyriou; en phōti zōntōn. » Tosoutōn gar euergesiōn apolausas, kai tōn diaphorōn epiboulōn kreittōn phaneis, tēs sēs phrontiō therapeias", kai politeian hairēsomai, ē soi men aresei, emoi de proxenēsei zōēn tēn aiōnion, kai to phōs ekeino to tois ennomōs zōsin epēngelmenon. Tauta de, hōs ephēn, kai tǭ makariǭ harmottei Dabid, kai tois en Babylōni doryalōtois. ῾Armottei de kai hēmin, pollas men hypomenousi para anthrōpōn, kai para daimonōn, epiboulas, dia de tēs theias kēdemonias, tēn ekeithen phyomenēn diapheugousi lōbēn.
"In me, O God, are vows of praise which I will pay you." "I will gratefully pay you my promises"; for he calls promises to God vows. So also elsewhere: "I will pay you my vows, which my lips uttered and my mouth spoke in my affliction." Then he teaches for what and what the promises are. "For you rescued my soul from death, my eyes from tears, and my feet from slipping." [Having armed and secured me with all these, and trusting to have firm confidence in them, in these I will complete the present song.] "I will be well pleasing before the Lord in the light of the living." "Having enjoyed so many benefits and proved stronger than the various plots, I will care for your service and choose a way of life that will please you and win me eternal life and that light promised to those who live according to the law." These things, as I said, fit both the blessed David and the captives in Babylon. And they fit us too, who endure many plots from men and demons, but through divine care escape the harm that springs from them.
Ps 56:12 (55:13 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 56:13 (55:14 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 66:13 (65:13 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 66:14 (65:14 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 56:12–13: rescued from death, the psalmist pays his vows and will live to please God, words that fit David, the exiles, and us.
- The bracketed sentence is bracketed in Migne; it is probably an addition from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (marginal verse number (OCR); stray letter (OCR)): αἱ ὑποσχέσεις. εγ΄. « → αἱ ὑποσχέσεις. «; τοὺς ὁ ὀφθαλμούς → τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 55.12 (PG 80 80:1287; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/55-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Chapter 56
56.1PG 80 80:1289
« Εἰς τὸ τέλος. Μὴ διαφθείρῃς· τῷ Δαβὶδ εἰς στηλογραφίαν, ἐν τῷ αὐτὸν ἀποδιδράσκειν ἀπὸ προσώπου Σαούλ εἰς τὸ σπήλαιον. » Καὶ τὸν πρότερον καὶ τὸν δεύτερον διαφυγὼν κίνδυνον ὁ μέγας Δαβὶδ, ὥσπερ ἐν στήλῃ τινὶ, τῇ μνήμῃ τὴν θείαν εὐεργεσίαν ἀνέγραψε. Καὶ εἰς τὸ τέλος δὲ καὶ οὗτος κἀκεῖνος παραπέμπει τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας ἐπειδὴ πρόῤῥησιν ἔχουσιν ἐσομένων πραγμάτων. Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ τὰ κατὰ τὸν λαὸν προηγόρευσεν· οὗτος δὲ τῶν ἐθνῶν προθεσπίζει τὴν κλῆσιν. Πρόσκειται δὲ τὸ, Μὴ διαφθείρης, τοῦ Δαβὶδ τὸν λογισμὸν ἡμῖν ἐκκαλύπτον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ δυνάμενος ἀνελεῖν τὸν Σαούλ, καὶ τῇ σφαγῇ καταλῦσαι τὸν πολέμιον , καὶ τὴν ἡγεμονείαν λαβεῖν, οὐκ ἠνέσχετο, μονονουχὶ πρὸς ἑαυτὸν εἰρηκὼς, Μὴ διαφθείρῃς τῆς ἀμνησικακίας τὴν ἀρετήν. «Μὴ γένοιτο γάρ μοι , φησὶν, ἐποῖσαι τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπ' αὐτὸν, ὅτι χριστὸς Κυρίου ἐστίν. » Εἰκότως τῇ ἐπιγραφῇ τὸ, Μὴ διαφθείρης, προστέθεικε, διδάσκων τίσιν χρησάμενος λογισμοῖς οὐκ ἀνεῖλε τὸν δυσμενῆ.
« Eis to telos. Mē diaphtheirę̄s; tǭ Dabid eis stēlographian, en tǭ auton apodidraskein apo prosōpou Saoul eis to spēlaion. » Kai ton proteron kai ton deuteron diaphygōn kindynon ho megas Dabid, hōsper en stēlę̄ tini, tę̄ mnēmę̄ tēn theian euergesian anegrapse. Kai eis to telos de kai houtos kakeinos parapempei tous entynchanontas epeidē prorrhēsin echousin esomenōn pragmatōn. Ekeinos men gar ta kata ton laon proēgoreusen; houtos de tōn ethnōn prothespizei tēn klēsin. Proskeitai de to, Mē diaphtheirēs, tou Dabid ton logismon hēmin ekkalypton. Epeidē gar dynamenos anelein ton Saoul, kai tę̄ sphagę̄ katalysai ton polemion , kai tēn hēgemoneian labein, ouk ēnescheto, mononouchi pros heauton eirēkōs, Mē diaphtheirę̄s tēs amnēsikakias tēn aretēn. «Mē genoito gar moi , phēsin, epoisai tēn cheira mou ep' auton, hoti christos Kyriou estin. » Eikotōs tę̄ epigraphę̄ to, Mē diaphtheirēs, prostetheike, didaskōn tisin chrēsamenos logismois ouk aneile ton dysmenē.
"To the end; do not destroy; for David, for an inscription on a pillar; when he fled from the face of Saul into the cave." Having escaped both the first and the second danger, the great David inscribed the divine benefit in memory as on a pillar. Both this psalm and that one refer readers to the end, since they contain a prediction of future events: that one foretold what concerned the people, this one foretells the calling of the nations. "Do not destroy" is added, revealing David's reasoning to us. For when he could have killed Saul, ended the war by slaying his enemy, and taken the rule, he would not, all but saying to himself, "Do not destroy the virtue of not remembering wrongs." "For far be it from me," he says, "to lay my hand on him, for he is the Lord's anointed." Fittingly he added "Do not destroy" to the title, teaching by what reasoning he did not kill his foe.
Ps 57:1 (56:1 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Sam 24:6 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Sam 24:3 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 57, title: "Do not destroy" records David's resolve not to kill Saul, the Lord's anointed, when he had him in his power in the cave.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray bracket (OCR)): ὁ μέγας Δαβὶδ ], → ὁ μέγας Δαβὶδ,.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 56.1 (PG 80 80:1289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2PG 80 80:1289
· Ἐλέησόν με, ὁ Θεὸς, ἐλέησόν με· ὅτι ἐπὶ σοὶ πέποιθεν ἡ ψυχή μου · καὶ ἐν τῇ σκιᾷ τῶν πτερύγων σου ἐλπιῶ, ἕως οὗ παρέλθῃ ἡ ἀνομία. Καθειργμένος ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ, καὶ τοὺς πολεμίους καθειργμένους ὁρῶν, τὸν θεῖον ἔλεον ἀπαγγέλλει, καὶ ἣν ἔχει πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἐλπίδα γυμνοῖ. Σκιὰν δὲ πτερύγων πολλάκις ἡρμήνευσεν, ὅτι τὴν θείαν κηδεμονίαν καλεῖ. Ὁ δὲ τοῦ ἐλέους διπλασιασμὸς τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τοῦ κινδύνου παραδηλοῖ. Τὸ δὲ, "Εως οὗ παρέλθῃ ἡ ἀνομία», σαφέστερον ὁ ᾿Ακύλας ἡρμήνευσεν, ἕως οὗ παρέλθῃ ἡ ἐπιβουλή. Ὁ δὲ Σύμμαχος, Εως ἂν παρέλθῃ ὁ ἐπηρεαστής. Οὐ παύσομαι τοίνυν, φησὶν, ἱκετεύων, ἕως ἂν τῶν ἐπιβουλευόντων ἀπαλλαγῶ. Τοὺς γὰρ ἐπιβουλεύοντας οἱ Ἑβδομήκοντα ἀνομίαν ἀπὸ τοῦ πράγματος προσηγόρευσαν.
; Eleēson me, ho Theos, eleēson me; hoti epi soi pepoithen hē psychē mou ; kai en tę̄ skią tōn pterygōn sou elpiō, heōs hou parelthę̄ hē anomia. Katheirgmenos en tǭ spēlaiǭ, kai tous polemious katheirgmenous horōn, ton theion eleon apangellei, kai hēn echei pros ton Theon elpida gymnoi. Skian de pterygōn pollakis hērmēneusen, hoti tēn theian kēdemonian kalei. Ho de tou eleous diplasiasmos tēn hyperbolēn tou kindynou paradēloi. To de, "Eōs hou parelthę̄ hē anomia», saphesteron ho ᾿Akylas hērmēneusen, heōs hou parelthę̄ hē epiboulē. Ho de Symmachos, Eōs an parelthę̄ ho epēreastēs. Ou pausomai toinyn, phēsin, hiketeuōn, heōs an tōn epibouleuontōn apallagō. Tous gar epibouleuontas hoi Hebdomēkonta anomian apo tou pragmatos prosēgoreusan.
"Have mercy on me, O God, have mercy on me, for my soul has trusted in you; and in the shadow of your wings I will hope until lawlessness passes by." Shut in the cave and seeing his enemies shut in with him, he proclaims the divine mercy and lays bare the hope he has in God. We have often explained that he calls the divine care the shadow of wings. The doubling of mercy indicates the extremity of the danger. "Until lawlessness passes by" Aquila rendered more clearly, "until the plot passes by," and Symmachus, "until the abuser passes by." "I will not cease entreating, then," he says, "until I am freed from those who plot against me." For the Seventy named the plotters lawlessness from what they did.
Ps 57:1 (56:2 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 57:1: shut in the cave with his enemies, David trusts in God's protection until the danger passes.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (split word (OCR); stray letters (OCR)): ἀπαγγέλ λει → ἀπαγγέλλει; "Εως οἱ οὗ → "Εως οὗ.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 56.2 (PG 80 80:1289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.3PG 80 80:1289
« Κεκράξομαι πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν τὸν ὕψιστον, τὸν Θεὸν τὸν εὐεργετήσαντά με. » Τῆς θείας ἐπικουρίας τὴν πεῖραν ἔχων διδάσκαλον, συνήθως ἀπολαῦται ταύτης ἀντιβολῶ. Κραυγὴν δὲ τὴν τῆς ψυχῆς προθυμίαν καλεῖ.
« Kekraxomai pros ton Theon ton hypsiston, ton Theon ton euergetēsanta me. » Tēs theias epikourias tēn peiran echōn didaskalon, synēthōs apolautai tautēs antibolō. Kraugēn de tēn tēs psychēs prothymian kalei.
"I will cry to God Most High, to God who has done me good." "Having experience of divine help as my teacher, I implore to enjoy it as usual." He calls the eagerness of the soul a cry.
Ps 57:2 (56:3 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 57:2: experienced in God's help, David cries to him again.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 56.3 (PG 80 80:1289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.4PG 80 80:1289
· Ἐξαπέστειλεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἔσωσέ με· ἔδωκεν εἰς ὄνειδος τοὺς καταπατοῦντάς με. » ῎Ανωθέν με γὰρ τῆς οἰκείας ἀξιώσας προνοίας, καταγελάστους ἀπέφηνέ μου τοὺς δυσμενεῖς. Διδάσκει δὲ καὶ ἡ ἱστορία, ὡς ἀναστάντι τῷ Σαούλ ἠκολούθησε, καὶ πόῤῥω γενομένῳ τὴν νύκτωρ παρασχεθεῖσαν εὐεργεσίαν δεδήλωκε, καὶ ὅτι λαβὼν ὑποχείριον οὐκ ἐπήνεγκε τὴν πληγήν · ὄνειδος δὲ τοῦτο μέγιστον ἦν τῷ σεσωσμένῳ καταπολεμοῦντι τὸν σεσωκότα. [Διὸ δὴ βοᾷ εὐχαριστῶν· ] « Ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν αὐτοῦ. Καὶ ἐῤῥύσατο τὴν ψυχήν μου ἐκ μέσου σκύμνων. » Δικαίας, φησὶν, ἀπολαύσας φιλανθρωπίας, τῆς τῶν πολεμίων ἀπηλλάγην θηριωδίας. Λεόντων γὰρ δίκην ἐπίεσαν διασπᾶσαι βουλόμενοι· τὴν δὲ ἀλήθειαν τῷ ἐλέῳ συνέζευξε, τὸ δίκαιον τῆς φιλανθρωπίας δεικνύς. « Ἐκοιμήθην τεταραγμένος. » Τοῦτο ὁ Θεοδοτίων οὕτως ἡρμήνευσεν· Ἐκοιμήθην μετὰ ἀναλισκόντων· ὁ δὲ ᾿Ακύλας, μετὰ λάβρων · ὁ δὲ Σύμμαχος, μετά φλεγόντων. [᾿Αντὶ τοῦ, Ἐκοιμήθην σχεδὸν μετὰ ἀναλισκόντων λογισμῶν· λάβρως γάρ με κατέδακνον, ὡς σχεδὸν καὶ καταφλέγειν μου τὴν διάνοιαν. ] Εἰκότως τοίνυν ἐταραττόμην μεταξὺ τοιούτων καθεύδειν ἠναγκασμένος, καὶ ὑπὸ τοιούτων δε κυκλούμενος. Τὸν Σαούλ γὰρ, καὶ τοὺς συναναλίσκοντας καὶ φλέγοντας, καὶ λάβρους, καὶ σκύμνους ὠνόμασε τὸ θηριώδες τῆς γνώμης, καὶ τοῦ τρόπου τὸ φονικὸν ἐξηγούμενος. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς διδάσκει σαφέστερον. « Υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων, οἱ ὀδόντες αὐτῶν ὅπλα καὶ βέλη · καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα αὐτῶν μάχαιρα ὀξεῖα. » Σκύμνους αὐτοὺς καλέσας, εἰκότως καὶ ὀδόντων ἐμνήσθη αἰχμαῖς τούτους καὶ βέλεσιν ἀπεικάζων, καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν τεθηγμένῃ μαχαίρᾳ · διὰ πάντων δὲ τὰς μιαιφόνους αὐτῶν σημαίνει βουλάς.
; Exapesteilen ex ouranou, kai esōse me; edōken eis oneidos tous katapatountas me. » ᾿Anōthen me gar tēs oikeias axiōsas pronoias, katagelastous apephēne mou tous dysmeneis. Didaskei de kai hē historia, hōs anastanti tǭ Saoul ēkolouthēse, kai porrhō genomenǭ tēn nyktōr paraschetheisan euergesian dedēlōke, kai hoti labōn hypocheirion ouk epēnenke tēn plēgēn ; oneidos de touto megiston ēn tǭ sesōsmenǭ katapolemounti ton sesōkota. [Dio dē boą eucharistōn; ] « Exapesteilen ho Theos to eleos autou, kai tēn alētheian autou. Kai errhysato tēn psychēn mou ek mesou skymnōn. » Dikaias, phēsin, apolausas philanthrōpias, tēs tōn polemiōn apēllagēn thēriōdias. Leontōn gar dikēn epiesan diaspasai boulomenoi; tēn de alētheian tǭ eleǭ synezeuxe, to dikaion tēs philanthrōpias deiknys. « Ekoimēthēn tetaragmenos. » Touto ho Theodotiōn houtōs hērmēneusen; Ekoimēthēn meta analiskontōn; ho de ᾿Akylas, meta labrōn ; ho de Symmachos, meta phlegontōn. [᾿Anti tou, Ekoimēthēn schedon meta analiskontōn logismōn; labrōs gar me katedaknon, hōs schedon kai kataphlegein mou tēn dianoian. ] Eikotōs toinyn etarattomēn metaxy toioutōn katheudein ēnankasmenos, kai hypo toioutōn de kykloumenos. Ton Saoul gar, kai tous synanaliskontas kai phlegontas, kai labrous, kai skymnous ōnomase to thēriōdes tēs gnōmēs, kai tou tropou to phonikon exēgoumenos. Touto de kai dia tōn hexēs didaskei saphesteron. « Huioi anthrōpōn, hoi odontes autōn hopla kai belē ; kai hē glōssa autōn machaira oxeia. » Skymnous autous kalesas, eikotōs kai odontōn emnēsthē aichmais toutous kai belesin apeikazōn, kai tēn glōttan tethēgmenę̄ machairą ; dia pantōn de tas miaiphonous autōn sēmainei boulas.
"He sent from heaven and saved me; he gave over to reproach those who trample me." "For counting me worthy of his providence from above, he made my foes ridiculous." The history too teaches that when Saul rose up, David followed him, and when he was far off, he showed him the benefit he had given him in the night, and that having him in his power he did not strike; and this was the greatest reproach to the one saved, that he warred against the one who saved him. [Therefore he cries in thanksgiving:] "God sent his mercy and his truth, and he rescued my soul from the midst of lion cubs." "Having enjoyed a just love for humankind," he says, "I was freed from the savagery of the enemies." For like lions they pressed hard, wishing to tear him apart. He joined truth to mercy, showing the justice of the love for humankind. "I slept troubled." Theodotion rendered this thus: "I slept among those who consume"; Aquila, "among the ravenous"; Symmachus, "among those who burn." [That is: "I slept nearly among consuming thoughts; for they gnawed me ravenously, so as almost to burn up my mind."] "It was fitting, then, that I was troubled, forced to sleep among such people and surrounded by them." He named Saul and those with him consumers, burners, ravenous, and cubs, explaining the savagery of their mind and the murderousness of their manner. He teaches this more clearly by what follows: "Sons of men, their teeth are weapons and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword." Having called them cubs, he fittingly mentioned teeth too, likening them to spearpoints and arrows, and the tongue to a sharpened sword; by all these he signifies their murderous counsels.
Ps 57:3 (56:4 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 57:4 (56:5 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Sam 24:8 (allusion, high confidence) · 1 Sam 24:11 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 57:3–4: God sent mercy and truth to rescue David from Saul's lionlike men, among whom he lay; Saul was shamed when David showed he had spared him.
- Lines scrambled by the OCR are restored by logged corrections; the bracketed passages are bracketed in Migne (one opening bracket supplied) and are probably additions from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter; displaced line restored (OCR); line displaced by the OCR; restored below; opening bracket lost in the OCR; split word (OCR); stray letters (OCR)): εὐχαριστῶν· ] οὕτως ἡρμήνευσεν· Ἐκοιμήθην μετὰ ἀναλισκόν • Ἐξαπέστειλε → εὐχαριστῶν· ] « Ἐξαπέστειλε; Ἐκοιμήθην τεταραγμένος". : Τοῦτο Τό Θεοδοτίων των· → « Ἐκοιμήθην τεταραγμένος. » Τοῦτο ὁ Θεοδοτίων οὕτως ἡρμήνευσεν· Ἐκοιμήθην μετὰ ἀναλισκόντων·; ᾿Αντὶ τοῦ, Ἐκοιμήθην σχεδὸν → [᾿Αντὶ τοῦ, Ἐκοιμήθην σχεδὸν; [Διδ δὴ βοᾷ → [Διὸ δὴ βοᾷ; καὶ ἐὰ ἡ ἱστορία → καὶ ἡ ἱστορία; ἠκολού θησε → ἠκολούθησε; σαφέστερον στ. « → σαφέστερον. «.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 56.4 (PG 80 80:1289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.6PG 80 80:1291
« Ὑψώθητι ἐπὶ τοὺς οὐρανοὺς, ὁ Θεός · καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἡ δόξα σου. » "Αξιον δὲ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ἀνυμνεῖν σε, τὸν ἐν οὐρανῷ μὲν διάγειν ὑπειλημμένον, πᾶσαν δὲ τὴν γῆν ἐμπιμπλῶντα τῆς δόξης. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ μακάριος ἔφησεν ᾿Αββακούμ • Ἐκάλυψεν οὐρανοὺς ἡ ἀρετὴ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῆς αἰνέσεως " αὐτοῦ πλήρης ἡ γῆ.» Τὸ δὲ, Ὑψώθητι, ἀντὶ τοῦ· Δεῖξον πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις τὸ ὕψος σου. « Παγίδα ἑτοίμασαν τοῖς ποσί μου, καὶ κατέκαμψαν τὴν ψυχήν μου. [Καὶ τ' οὐκ ἠρκέσθησαν τούτοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ ] ὥρυξαν πρὸ προσώπου μου βόθρον, καὶ ἐνέπεσον εἰς αὐτόν. » Λόχους μοι, φησὶν, ἐπιστήσαντες, καὶ ἐνέδρας καθιστάντες, αὐτοὶ παρ᾿ ἡμῶν ἐλοχίσθησαν καὶ ταῖς οἰκείαις ἐνεπάγησαν πάγαις.
« Hypsōthēti epi tous ouranous, ho Theos ; kai epi pasan tēn gēn hē doxa sou. » "Axion de epi pasin anymnein se, ton en ouranǭ men diagein hypeilēmmenon, pasan de tēn gēn empimplōnta tēs doxēs. Touto kai ho makarios ephēsen ᾿Abbakoum • Ekalypsen ouranous hē aretē autou, kai tēs aineseōs " autou plērēs hē gē.» To de, Hypsōthēti, anti tou; Deixon pasin anthrōpois to hypsos sou. « Pagida hetoimasan tois posi mou, kai katekampsan tēn psychēn mou. [Kai t' ouk ērkesthēsan toutois, alla kai ] hōryxan pro prosōpou mou bothron, kai enepeson eis auton. » Lochous moi, phēsin, epistēsantes, kai enedras kathistantes, autoi par᾿ hēmōn elochisthēsan kai tais oikeiais enepagēsan pagais.
"Be exalted above the heavens, O God, and your glory over all the earth." "It is worthy above all to hymn you, who are supposed to dwell in heaven yet fill all the earth with glory." The blessed Habakkuk too said this: "His virtue covered the heavens, and the earth is full of his praise." "Be exalted" means "Show all people your height." "They prepared a snare for my feet and bowed down my soul. [And they were not content with this, but also] they dug a pit before my face, and they fell into it." "Setting ambushes and traps for me," he says, "they themselves were ambushed by us and caught in their own snares."
Ps 57:5 (56:6 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 57:6 (56:7 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Hab 3:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 57:5–6: God's glory fills the earth, and David's enemies fell into the pit they dug for him.
- The bracketed words are bracketed in Migne; they are probably an addition from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (marginal verse number and stray letters (OCR); split word (OCR); stray letters (OCR)): ὑπει λημμένον' → ὑπειλημμένον; δό ξης → δόξης; ζ'. « Παγίδα το → « Παγίδα; καὶ τὰ ἐνέπεσον → καὶ ἐνέπεσον.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 56.6 (PG 80 80:1291; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.8PG 80 80:1293
« Ετοίμη ἡ καρδία μου, ὁ Θεὸς, ἑτοίμη ἡ καρδία μου · ᾄσομαι καὶ ψαλῶ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ μου "., Τοῦτο ὁ Σύμμαχος οὕτως ἡρμήνευσεν· Ἑδραία ἡ καρδία μου. Προφανῆ γὰρ ὁρῶν σου τὴν πρόνοιαν, οὐκ ἔτι δέδια τὰ παντοδαπὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν μηχανήματα · ἀλλ᾽ ἕτοιμός εἰμι καὶ ἐὐτρεπὴς τοῖς σοῖς ἔπεσθαι ῥήμασι, καὶ τὰς σὰς εὐεργεσίας ὑμνεῖν.
« Etoimē hē kardia mou, ho Theos, hetoimē hē kardia mou ; ąsomai kai psalō en tę̄ doxę̄ mou "., Touto ho Symmachos houtōs hērmēneusen; Hedraia hē kardia mou. Prophanē gar horōn sou tēn pronoian, ouk eti dedia ta pantodapa tōn echthrōn mēchanēmata ; all᾽ hetoimos eimi kai eutrepēs tois sois epesthai rhēmasi, kai tas sas euergesias hymnein.
"My heart is ready, O God, my heart is ready; I will sing and make music in my glory." Symmachus rendered this thus: "My heart is steadfast." "For seeing your providence plainly, I no longer fear the varied devices of my enemies, but I am ready and prepared to follow your words and hymn your benefits."
Ps 57:7 (56:8 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 57:7: seeing God's providence, David no longer fears and is ready to praise.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 56.8 (PG 80 80:1293; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.9PG 80 80:1293
· Ἐξεγέρθητι, ἡ δόξα μου, ἐξεγέρθητι, ψαλτήῥιον καὶ κιθάρα. » Ἑαυτῷ λοιπὸν ἐγκελεύεται τὸν θεῖον ὕμνον ὑφῆναι· δόξαν δὲ οἰκείαν τὴν προφητικὴν χάριν καλεῖ· ἑαυτὸν δὲ ψαλτήριον, καὶ κιθάραν, ὡς ὄργανον γεγενημένον τοῦ Πνεύματος. • Ἐγερθήσομαι ὄρθρου. Ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι ἐν λαοῖς, Κύριε, ψαλῶ σοι ἐν ἔθνεσιν. Οὐ νῦν, φησὶ, μόνον, ταύτην σοι προσοίσω τὴν ὑμνῳδίαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ φωτὸς ἀνατείλαντος, καὶ τὴν μακρὰν τῆς ἀγνοίας ἀποσκεδάσαντος νύκτα, καὶ τὸν τῆς προσδοκωμένης ἡμέρας ὑποδείξαντος ὄρθρον [ οὐ μόνον διὰ τῆς ἐνσάρκου αὐτοῦ πρὸς ἡμᾶς παρουσίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τῆς τοῦ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας καὶ ἀναπλάσεως], τῶν ἐθνῶν ἁπάντων καὶ τῶν λαῶν χοροδιδάσκαλος ἔσομαι · καὶ οἷόν τισι χορδαῖς τοῖς ἐκείνων χρώμενος στόμασιν, ἄσω τὴν χαριστήριον ὑμνῳδίαν. [Τίνος ἕνεκεν, ὦ προφῆτα, εἰπὲ καὶ τὸν τρόπον. ]
; Exegerthēti, hē doxa mou, exegerthēti, psaltērhion kai kithara. » Heautǭ loipon enkeleuetai ton theion hymnon hyphēnai; doxan de oikeian tēn prophētikēn charin kalei; heauton de psaltērion, kai kitharan, hōs organon gegenēmenon tou Pneumatos. • Egerthēsomai orthrou. Exomologēsomai soi en laois, Kyrie, psalō soi en ethnesin. Ou nyn, phēsi, monon, tautēn soi prosoisō tēn hymnǭdian, alla kai tou alēthinou phōtos anateilantos, kai tēn makran tēs agnoias aposkedasantos nykta, kai ton tēs prosdokōmenēs hēmeras hypodeixantos orthron [ ou monon dia tēs ensarkou autou pros hēmas parousias, alla kai dia tēs tou loutrou palingenesias kai anaplaseōs], tōn ethnōn hapantōn kai tōn laōn chorodidaskalos esomai ; kai hoion tisi chordais tois ekeinōn chrōmenos stomasin, asō tēn charistērion hymnǭdian. [Tinos heneken, ō prophēta, eipe kai ton tropon. ]
"Awake, my glory; awake, harp and lyre." He next bids himself weave the divine hymn. He calls prophetic grace his own glory, and himself harp and lyre, as having become an instrument of the Spirit. "I will awake at dawn. I will confess you among the peoples, O Lord; I will sing to you among the nations." "Not only now," he says, "will I offer you this hymn singing, but also when the true light has risen, scattered the long night of ignorance, and shown the dawn of the expected day [not only through his coming to us in the flesh but also through the rebirth and refashioning of the washing], I will be choirmaster of all the nations and peoples, and using their mouths as strings I will sing the hymn of thanksgiving." [For what reason, O prophet? Tell us also the manner.]
Ps 57:8 (56:9 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 57:9 (56:10 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 57:8–9: David, the Spirit's instrument, will lead the nations' praise when Christ, the true light, dawns.
- The bracketed passages are bracketed in Migne (one opening bracket supplied); they are probably additions from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (opening bracket lost in the OCR; stray word (OCR)): ἐγκελεύεται δὲ τὸν → ἐγκελεύεται τὸν; ὑμνῳδίαν. Τίνος ἕνεκεν → ὑμνῳδίαν. [Τίνος ἕνεκεν.
Topics: Christology, Baptism
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 56.9 (PG 80 80:1293; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-9
BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos-56-9) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.11PG 80 80:1293
« Ὅτι ἐμεγαλύνθη ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν τὸ ἔλεός σου, καὶ ἕως τῶν νεφελῶν ἡ ἀλήθειά σου. » Οὐ γὰρ μόνος ὁ οὐρανὸς, καὶ οἱ τούτων ἐνδιαίτημα ἔχοντες ἄγγελοι, τὸν σὸν ἔλεον ἔγνωσαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τῶν νεφελῶν τὴν ἀλήθειάν σου δεδήλωκας. Νεφέλας δὲ τοὺς τῆς θείας χάριτος ἠξιωμένους ἡ θεία καλεῖ Γραφή. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ διὰ Ἡσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου ὁ τῶν ὅλων ἡμᾶς διδάσκει Θεός. Εἰρηκὼς γὰρ περὶ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ· « ᾿Ανήσω τὸν ἀμπελῶνά μου, καὶ οὐ μὴ τμηθῇ, οὐδὲ μὴ σκαφῇ· » ἐπήγαγε· « Καὶ ταῖς νεφέλαις ἐντελοῦμαι τοῦ μὴ βρέξαι ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν. » Καθάπερ γὰρ ἡ νεφέλη ἑτέρωθεν ὑποδέχεται τῶν ὅμβρων τὰς ἀφορμὰς, οὕτῳ καὶ προφῆται καὶ ἀπόστολοι ὑπὸ τῆς θείας χάριτος ἐνεργούμενοι, τὴν πνευματικὴν ἀρδείαν προσήνεγκαν ταῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ψυχαῖς. « Ὑψώθητι ἐπὶ τοὺς οὐρανοὺς, ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἡ δόξα σου. » Διὰ γὰρ τῶν πνευματικῶν νεφελῶν, τῶν προφητῶν, φημὶ, καὶ ἀποστόλων, τῆς ἀληθείας ἀναφανείσης, ὕψιστος ἀνεδείχθη τῶν ὅλων ὁ Κύριος, οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς ποιητής, ἐν ἁπάσῃ γῇ καὶ θαλάσσῃ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὕμνον δεχόμενος.
« Hoti emegalynthē heōs tōn ouranōn to eleos sou, kai heōs tōn nephelōn hē alētheia sou. » Ou gar monos ho ouranos, kai hoi toutōn endiaitēma echontes angeloi, ton son eleon egnōsan, alla kai dia tōn nephelōn tēn alētheian sou dedēlōkas. Nephelas de tous tēs theias charitos ēxiōmenous hē theia kalei Graphē. Touto de kai dia Hēsaïou tou prophētou ho tōn holōn hēmas didaskei Theos. Eirēkōs gar peri tou Israēl; « ᾿Anēsō ton ampelōna mou, kai ou mē tmēthę̄, oude mē skaphę̄; » epēgage; « Kai tais nephelais enteloumai tou mē brexai ep᾿ auton. » Kathaper gar hē nephelē heterōthen hypodechetai tōn hombrōn tas aphormas, houtǭ kai prophētai kai apostoloi hypo tēs theias charitos energoumenoi, tēn pneumatikēn ardeian prosēnenkan tais tōn anthrōpōn psychais. « Hypsōthēti epi tous ouranous, ho Theos, kai epi pasan tēn gēn hē doxa sou. » Dia gar tōn pneumatikōn nephelōn, tōn prophētōn, phēmi, kai apostolōn, tēs alētheias anaphaneisēs, hypsistos anedeichthē tōn holōn ho Kyrios, ouranou kai gēs poiētēs, en hapasę̄ gę̄ kai thalassę̄ para tōn anthrōpōn hymnon dechomenos.
"For your mercy has been magnified to the heavens, and your truth to the clouds." "For not only heaven and the angels who dwell there came to know your mercy, but through the clouds too you made your truth known." The divine Scripture calls clouds those counted worthy of divine grace. The God of all teaches us this through Isaiah the prophet too. For having said about Israel, "I will abandon my vineyard, and it shall not be pruned nor dug," he added, "And I will command the clouds not to rain on it." For as a cloud receives the sources of rain from elsewhere, so prophets and apostles, moved by divine grace, brought spiritual watering to human souls. "Be exalted above the heavens, O God, and your glory over all the earth." For when the truth was made manifest through the spiritual clouds, I mean the prophets and apostles, the Lord of all was shown most high, maker of heaven and earth, receiving hymns from people in every land and sea.
Ps 57:10 (56:11 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 57:11 (56:12 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 5:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 57:10–11: the clouds that carry God's truth are the prophets and apostles, through whom he is praised in all the earth.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (marginal verse number (OCR); split word (OCR)): θεία και λεῖ Γραφή → θεία καλεῖ Γραφή; ψυχαῖς. ιβ΄. « → ψυχαῖς. «.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 56.11 (PG 80 80:1293; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/56-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Chapter 57
57.1PG 80 80:1295
« Εἰς τὸ τέλος, Μὴ διαφθείρῃς, τῷ Δαβίδ εἰς στηλογραφίαν. » Τῆς αὐτῆς ἔχεται καὶ οὗτος ὁ ψαλμὸς διανοίας. Διηγεῖται • γὰρ τὴν τοῦ Σαούλ πονηρίαν, [καὶ τῶν κατ᾿ αὐτὸν, τὴν ἐκείνου ἰσόῤῥοπον κεκτημένων γνώμην, ] καὶ τῶν λόγων τὸ ψεῦδος. Πολλάκις γὰρ ὁμόσας καταλύειν τὴν ἔχθραν , παρέβη τοὺς ὅρκους, καὶ ταῖς ἐνέδραις ἐχρήσατο. Πάλιν δὲ τὸ, Μὴ διαφθείρῃς, πρόκειται· · ἐπειδὴ δὶς λαβὼν ὑποχείριον [ ὁ Δαβὶὸ τὸν Σαούλ ] ἀνελεῖν οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ".
« Eis to telos, Mē diaphtheirę̄s, tǭ Dabid eis stēlographian. » Tēs autēs echetai kai houtos ho psalmos dianoias. Diēgeitai • gar tēn tou Saoul ponērian, [kai tōn kat᾿ auton, tēn ekeinou isorrhopon kektēmenōn gnōmēn, ] kai tōn logōn to pseudos. Pollakis gar homosas katalyein tēn echthran , parebē tous horkous, kai tais enedrais echrēsato. Palin de to, Mē diaphtheirę̄s, prokeitai; ; epeidē dis labōn hypocheirion [ ho Dabio ton Saoul ] anelein ouk ēthelēsen ".
"To the end; do not destroy; for David, for an inscription on a pillar." This psalm too holds to the same sense. For it recounts the wickedness of Saul [and of those with him who had a mind equal to his], and the falsehood of his words. For having often sworn to end the enmity, he broke his oaths and used ambushes. Again "Do not destroy" is set before it, since, having twice had [Saul] in his power, [David] would not kill him.
Ps 58:1 (57:1 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Sam 24:4 (allusion, medium confidence) · 1 Sam 26:9 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58, title: the psalm recounts Saul's wickedness and broken oaths, and "Do not destroy" recalls that David twice spared him.
- The bracketed words are bracketed in Migne (one opening bracket supplied).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (opening bracket lost in the OCR): καὶ τῶν κατ᾿ αὐτὸν, τὴν ἐκείνου → [καὶ τῶν κατ᾿ αὐτὸν, τὴν ἐκείνου.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.1 (PG 80 80:1295; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.2PG 80 80:1295
« Εἰ ἀληθῶς ἄρα δικαιοσύνην λαλεῖτε, εὐθείας • κρίνατε, υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων. » Ταῦτα πρὸς τὸν Σαούλ διεξέρχεται ὀμωμοκότα μηκέτι διώκειν, καὶ παρὰ τοὺς ὄρκους στρατεύσαντα. Σὺ, φησὶ, γενοῦ τῶν ὑπὸ σοῦ δρωμένων κριτὴς, καὶ τὸ κρίνειν πεπιστευμένος, ὀρθὴν ἐξένεγκε καὶ δικαίαν τὴν ψήφον. [ Εἰ δὲ τὴν οἰκείαν νόσον οὐ δύνασαι διαγνῶναι ἢ ἰατρὸς ταύτης γενέσθαι, πῶς ἂν ἑτέροις τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας φάρμακον κατασκευάσεις; Οὐ δύνασαι, φησίν.]
« Ei alēthōs ara dikaiosynēn laleite, eutheias • krinate, huioi tōn anthrōpōn. » Tauta pros ton Saoul diexerchetai omōmokota mēketi diōkein, kai para tous orkous strateusanta. Sy, phēsi, genou tōn hypo sou drōmenōn kritēs, kai to krinein pepisteumenos, orthēn exenenke kai dikaian tēn psēphon. [ Ei de tēn oikeian noson ou dynasai diagnōnai ē iatros tautēs genesthai, pōs an heterois to tēs alētheias pharmakon kataskeuaseis? Ou dynasai, phēsin.]
"If you truly speak righteousness, judge rightly, you sons of men." He says this to Saul, who had sworn no longer to pursue him and then campaigned against his oaths. "Be yourself," he says, "the judge of what you have done, and since you are entrusted with judging, give a right and just verdict." [But if you cannot recognize your own disease or become its physician, how could you prepare the medicine of truth for others? You cannot, he says.]
Ps 58:1 (57:2 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58:1: David bids Saul, who broke his oath, judge his own deeds justly.
- A stray closing bracket in the digital text is removed; the remaining bracketed passage is bracketed in Migne.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray bracket (OCR); stray character and OCR accent): ἄρα & δικαιοσυνην → ἄρα δικαιοσύνην; ψήφον.] → ψήφον. .
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.2 (PG 80 80:1295; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.3PG 80 80:1295
« Καὶ γὰρ ἐν καρδίᾳ ἀνομίας ἐργάζεσθε ἐν τῇ γῇ· ἀδικίαν αἱ χεῖρες ὑμῶν συμπλέκουσιν. » Σὰ, φησὶ, καὶ τὰ τῆς εἰρήνης ῥήματα, καὶ τὰ πονηρὰ βουλεύματα, καὶ τὰ παντοδαπὰ τῶν ἐπιβούλων μηχανήματα - σκόπησον τοίνυν εἰ συμβαίνει τοῖς λόγοις τὰ πράγματα. ᾿Αλλὰ γὰρ μάτην σοι τὴν ἐμὴν ἐνεχείρισα κρίσιν, δικάζειν οὐκ ἀνεχομένῳ δικαίως.
« Kai gar en kardią anomias ergazesthe en tę̄ gę̄; adikian hai cheires hymōn symplekousin. » Sa, phēsi, kai ta tēs eirēnēs rhēmata, kai ta ponēra bouleumata, kai ta pantodapa tōn epiboulōn mēchanēmata - skopēson toinyn ei symbainei tois logois ta pragmata. ᾿Alla gar matēn soi tēn emēn enecheirisa krisin, dikazein ouk anechomenǭ dikaiōs.
"For in your heart you work lawlessness on the earth; your hands weave injustice." "Yours," he says, "are both the words of peace and the wicked counsels and the varied devices of plotters. Consider, then, whether your deeds agree with your words. But in vain have I entrusted my judgment to you, who will not judge justly."
Ps 58:2 (57:3 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58:2: Saul's words of peace hide wicked plans, so he cannot judge justly.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.3 (PG 80 80:1295; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.4PG 80 80:1295
« ᾿Απηλλοτριώθησαν οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀπὸ μήτρας, ἐπλανήθησαν ἀπὸ γαστρὸς, ἐλάλησαν ψευδῆ. Πάλαι, φησὶν, ἑαυτοὺς τῆς ἀληθείας χωρίσαντες τὸ ψεῦδος ἠσπάσασθε. [ Τοῦτο δὲ, ὡς ἀνωτέρω ἡμῖν εἴρηται, κατακροτεῖ μάλιστα ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος· τὸ ψεῦδος καὶ τὸ πρὸς τοὺς πέλας μίσος λέγων. ] Τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ μήτρας καὶ ἀπὸ γαστρὸς προστέθεικεν, ὡς τοῦ Θεοῦ πρὸ τῆς διαπλάσεως τὰ κατ᾿ αὐτοὺς ἐγνωκότος. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ πρὸς τὸν Ἱερεμίαν « Πρὸ τοῦ με πλάσαι σε ἐν κοιλίᾳ, ἐπίσταμαί σε· καὶ πρὸ τοῦ σε ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ μήτρας, ἡγίακά σε. » Καὶ πρὸς τὸν Φαραώ· « Εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἐξήγειρά σε, ὅπως ἐνδείξωμαι ἐν σοὶ τὴν δύναμίν μου. » Αλλ' οὐχ ἡ πρόγνωσις τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἢ τὸν Φαραὼ πονηρὸν, ἢ τὸν Ἱερεμίαν πεποίηκεν ἅγιον· ἀλλὰ τὸ μέλλον ἔσεσθαι προέγνω ὡς Θεός.
« ᾿Apēllotriōthēsan hoi hamartōloi apo mētras, eplanēthēsan apo gastros, elalēsan pseudē. Palai, phēsin, heautous tēs alētheias chōrisantes to pseudos ēspasasthe. [ Touto de, hōs anōterō hēmin eirētai, katakrotei malista epi tou parontos; to pseudos kai to pros tous pelas misos legōn. ] To de apo mētras kai apo gastros prostetheiken, hōs tou Theou pro tēs diaplaseōs ta kat᾿ autous egnōkotos. Houtō gar kai pros ton Hieremian « Pro tou me plasai se en koilią, epistamai se; kai pro tou se exelthein ek mētras, hēgiaka se. » Kai pros ton Pharaō; « Eis auto touto exēgeira se, hopōs endeixōmai en soi tēn dynamin mou. » All' ouch hē prognōsis tou Theou, ē ton Pharaō ponēron, ē ton Hieremian pepoiēken hagion; alla to mellon esesthai proegnō hōs Theos.
"Sinners were estranged from the womb; they went astray from the belly; they spoke lies." "Long ago," he says, "having separated yourselves from truth, you embraced falsehood." [This, as we said above, he condemns especially at present, meaning falsehood and hatred of neighbors.] He added "from the womb" and "from the belly" because God knew their affairs before their formation. So he said to Jeremiah, "Before I formed you in the belly I knew you, and before you came out of the womb I sanctified you"; and to Pharaoh, "For this very purpose I raised you up, that I might show my power in you." Yet God's foreknowledge did not make Pharaoh wicked nor Jeremiah holy; but as God he foreknew what would be.
Ps 58:3 (57:4 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Jer 1:5 (quotation, high confidence) · Exod 9:16 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58:3: "from the womb" refers to God's foreknowledge, which, as with Jeremiah and Pharaoh, does not cause good or evil.
- The bracketed sentence is bracketed in Migne; it is probably an addition from the catena. Theodoret's statement that foreknowledge does not cause human choices is translated as written.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray word (OCR)): προστέθεικεν, εὐθεῖα. ὡς → προστέθεικεν, ὡς.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.4 (PG 80 80:1295; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.5PG 80 80:1297
• Θυμὸς αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὴν ὁμοίωσιν τοῦ ὄφεως. » Μεμίμηνται τοῦ ὄφεως τὸ μνησίκακον καὶ ἐπίβουλον. Ὡσεὶ ἀσπίδος κωφῆς, καὶ βυούσης τὰ ὦτα αὐτῆς. Ἥτις οὐκ εἰσακούσεται φωνῆς ἐπᾳδόντων, φαρμακοῦται φαρμακευομένη παρὰ σοφοῦ. » Βύουσι δὲ τὰ ὦτα τῇ ἀσπίδι παραπλησίως, ᾗ φίλον τοῦτο ποιεῖν διὰ κακίας ὑπερβολὴν, ὥστε μὴ θέλγεσθαι ταῖς ἐπῳδαῖς, μηδὲ εἴκειν τῷ φαρμάκῳ τῷ κατασκευαζομένῳ παρὰ τοῦ καλουμένου σοφοῦ. Σοφὸν γὰρ ἐνταῦθα καταχρηστικῶς τὸν θηρεπῳδὸν προσηγόρευσεν· ὡς τὸ· « Σοφοί εἰσι τοῦ κακοποιῆσαι· τὸ δὲ καλοποιῆσαι οὐκ ἔγνωσαν·» καὶ, « Ποῦ σοφός; ποῦ γραμματεύς;» Οὔτε τούτους ὡς ἀληθῶς σοφοὺς ὀνομάζει, ἀλλ' ὡς τοῦτο παρά τισιν εἶναι δοκοῦντας. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλοῖς πρὸς τὸν Σαούλ χρησάμενος λόγοις ὁ μακάριος Δαβίδ, καὶ δοῦλον ἑαυτὸν ὀνομάσας, κἀκεῖνον κύριον καὶ βασιλέα , καὶ δι' αὐτῶν δείξας τῶν πραγμάτων, ὡς οὐκ ἐφίεται τῆς ἐκείνου σφαγῆς, οὐ πέπεικε καταλῦσαι τὴν ἔχθραν · προσφυῶς αὐτὸν ἀσπίδι παρέβαλλεν, οὐ κωφευούσῃ κατὰ φύσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ βυούσῃ τὰ ὦτα, καὶ τῆς ἐπῳδῆς ἀπωθουμένῃ τὴν προσβολήν. Τὸ δὲ, Φαρμακοῦται φαρμακευομένη παρὰ σοφοῦ, ὁ Σύμμαχος οὕτως ἡρμήνευσεν, Ἐπαστοῦται ἐπῳδαῖς σεσοφισμένου· ὡς εἶναι δῆλον, ὅτι τὴν ἐπῳδὴν ὠνόμασε φάρμακον. [Ὡς ἐκ τούτου δήλην ποιῆσαι τὴν μιαιφονίαν τοῦ Σαούλ, εἴρηται ἡμῖν ἀνωτέρω, καὶ τῶν κατ᾿ αὐτὸν, ἐν οἴῳ ἂν ὦσιν ἀξιώματι καὶ βαθμῷ ἢ τόπῳ. Νοήσειεν δέ τις ἂν καλῶς καὶ ταῦτα εἰρῆσθαι κατὰ τῶν αἱρετικῶν, ᾿Αριανῶν λέγω καὶ Εὐνομιανῶν καὶ Μακεδονιανῶν καὶ τῶν δοκούντων τὰ παραπλήσια ἐκείνοις δόγματα νοσεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἂν δικαίως καλέσειεν ἐπῳδοὺς καὶ ἐπαοιδούς τις. Ὅτι δὲ μήτηρ ἡ ἐν ἀκαριαίᾳ καιροῦ ῥοπῇ ἀποκύουσα τοὺς ἀναγεννωμένους, παρ' ὧν δῆλον τοῖς μεμυημένοις; Καὶ γὰρ εἰώθασι βαπτίζειν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀνάδυσιν τῶν τριῶν καταδύσεων. Ἴστε τί λέγω, οἱ τῆς υἱοθεσίας ἠξιωμένοι. Νόσον χαλεπὴν παραδιδόασι τοῖς δῆθεν παρ᾿ αὐτῶν βαπτιζομένοις μᾶλλον δὲ βυθιζομένοις· οἱ μὲν λέγοντες, Δόξα Πατρὶ δι' Υἱοῦ ἐν ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι · οἱ δὲ, Δόξα Πατρὶ καὶ Υἱῷ ἐν ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι · καὶ οὕτως τὴν ἀδιαίρετον ἀεὶ ὡσαύτως ἔχουσαν ἐν Πατρὶ καὶ Υἱῷ καὶ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι προσκυνουμένην θεότητα εἰς τριθείαν παραλαμβάνουσιν, μᾶλλον δὲ παραδιδόασι μέγαν καὶ σμικρὸν καὶ σμικρότερον ἀνισότητος ζυγῷ γλώττη μεμηνυίῃ τὴν ἀζυγώτατον, ὡς οἴονται, διατέμνοντες τῆς ἀχράντου θεότητα Τριάδος, καὶ τὴν ἐν οὐσίᾳ μιᾷ, ἐν βασιλείᾳ, ἐν κυριότητι, ἐν θεότητι, ἐν δυνάμει, ἐν δημιουργίᾳ, καὶ ὅσα πρέπει τῇ αὐτῆς μακαριότητι. Τὸν μὲν Θεὸν καὶ βασιλέα, τὸν δὲ Κύριον καὶ ὑπουργὸν ἐκείνου καὶ ποίημα πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων παρ' αὐτοῦ γενόμενον, τὸ δὲ δοῦλον καὶ ὑπουργὸν τοῦ Υἱοῦ, τολμηρῶς οἱ δείλαοι ἀποκαλεῖν πεφύκασι· πρὸς οὓς μάλιστα εἴρηται ἡ προφητεία. Οὐ γὰρ πρὸς τὸν Σαούλ μόνον καὶ τοὺς κατ᾿ αὐτὸν εἴρηκεν τὸ τῆς προφητείας πανάγιον Πνεῦμα διὰ τῆς σεπτῆς γλώττης τοῦ προφήτου.]
• Thymos autois kata tēn homoiōsin tou opheōs. » Memimēntai tou opheōs to mnēsikakon kai epiboulon. Hōsei aspidos kōphēs, kai byousēs ta ōta autēs. Hētis ouk eisakousetai phōnēs epądontōn, pharmakoutai pharmakeuomenē para sophou. » Byousi de ta ōta tę̄ aspidi paraplēsiōs, hę̄ philon touto poiein dia kakias hyperbolēn, hōste mē thelgesthai tais epǭdais, mēde eikein tǭ pharmakǭ tǭ kataskeuazomenǭ para tou kaloumenou sophou. Sophon gar entautha katachrēstikōs ton thērepǭdon prosēgoreusen; hōs to; « Sophoi eisi tou kakopoiēsai; to de kalopoiēsai ouk egnōsan;» kai, « Pou sophos? pou grammateus?» Oute toutous hōs alēthōs sophous onomazei, all' hōs touto para tisin einai dokountas. Epeidē gar pollois pros ton Saoul chrēsamenos logois ho makarios Dabid, kai doulon heauton onomasas, kakeinon kyrion kai basilea , kai di' autōn deixas tōn pragmatōn, hōs ouk ephietai tēs ekeinou sphagēs, ou pepeike katalysai tēn echthran ; prosphyōs auton aspidi pareballen, ou kōpheuousę̄ kata physin, alla kai byousę̄ ta ōta, kai tēs epǭdēs apōthoumenę̄ tēn prosbolēn. To de, Pharmakoutai pharmakeuomenē para sophou, ho Symmachos houtōs hērmēneusen, Epastoutai epǭdais sesophismenou; hōs einai dēlon, hoti tēn epǭdēn ōnomase pharmakon. [Hōs ek toutou dēlēn poiēsai tēn miaiphonian tou Saoul, eirētai hēmin anōterō, kai tōn kat᾿ auton, en oiǭ an ōsin axiōmati kai bathmǭ ē topǭ. Noēseien de tis an kalōs kai tauta eirēsthai kata tōn hairetikōn, ᾿Arianōn legō kai Eunomianōn kai Makedonianōn kai tōn dokountōn ta paraplēsia ekeinois dogmata nosein. Kai gar autous an dikaiōs kaleseien epǭdous kai epaoidous tis. Hoti de mētēr hē en akariaią kairou rhopę̄ apokyousa tous anagennōmenous, par' hōn dēlon tois memyēmenois? Kai gar eiōthasi baptizein eis to onoma tou Patros kai tou Huiou kai tou hagiou Pneumatos kai meta tēn anadysin tōn triōn katadyseōn. Iste ti legō, hoi tēs huiothesias ēxiōmenoi. Noson chalepēn paradidoasi tois dēthen par᾿ autōn baptizomenois mallon de bythizomenois; hoi men legontes, Doxa Patri di' Huiou en hagiǭ Pneumati ; hoi de, Doxa Patri kai Huiǭ en hagiǭ Pneumati ; kai houtōs tēn adiaireton aei hōsautōs echousan en Patri kai Huiǭ kai hagiǭ Pneumati proskynoumenēn theotēta eis tritheian paralambanousin, mallon de paradidoasi megan kai smikron kai smikroteron anisotētos zygǭ glōttē memēnuię̄ tēn azygōtaton, hōs oiontai, diatemnontes tēs achrantou theotēta Triados, kai tēn en ousią mią, en basileią, en kyriotēti, en theotēti, en dynamei, en dēmiourgią, kai hosa prepei tę̄ autēs makariotēti. Ton men Theon kai basilea, ton de Kyrion kai hypourgon ekeinou kai poiēma pro tōn allōn par' autou genomenon, to de doulon kai hypourgon tou Huiou, tolmērōs hoi deilaoi apokalein pephykasi; pros hous malista eirētai hē prophēteia. Ou gar pros ton Saoul monon kai tous kat᾿ auton eirēken to tēs prophēteias panagion Pneuma dia tēs septēs glōttēs tou prophētou.]
"Their anger is like the likeness of a serpent." They have imitated the serpent's grudge-bearing and plotting. "Like a deaf asp that stops its ears, which will not hear the voice of charmers, nor the drug drugged by the wise." They stop their ears like the asp, whose way it is to do this from excess of wickedness, so as not to be charmed by the spells nor yield to the drug prepared by the so-called wise man. Here he called the snake charmer wise by a misuse of the word, as in "They are wise to do evil, but to do good they do not know," and "Where is the wise man? Where is the scribe?" He names them not as truly wise but as seeming so to some. For since the blessed David, having used many words to Saul, calling himself servant and him lord and king, and showing by the facts themselves that he did not desire his death, did not persuade him to end the enmity, he aptly likened him to an asp, not deaf by nature but stopping its ears and thrusting away the approach of the spell. "The drug drugged by the wise" Symmachus rendered thus: "enchanted by the spells of a skilled one"; so it is clear that he called the spell a drug. [So that from this the bloodthirstiness of Saul is made plain, as we said above, and of those like him, in whatever office, rank, or place they may be. One might well understand these words also to be said against the heretics, I mean the Arians, the Eunomians, the Macedonians, and those who seem sick with doctrines like theirs. For one might justly call them enchanters and charmers. That the mother who in an instant of time gives birth to those born again is from them, is it plain to the initiated? For they are accustomed to baptize in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and after the rising from the three immersions. You know what I mean, you who have been counted worthy of adoption. They hand on a grievous disease to those supposedly baptized by them, or rather drowned: some saying, Glory to the Father through the Son in the Holy Spirit; others, Glory to the Father and the Son in the Holy Spirit; and so they take the undivided Godhead, ever the same, worshiped in Father and Son and Holy Spirit, into a tritheism, or rather they hand on a great, a small, and a smaller, cutting with a raving tongue under a yoke of inequality the Godhead of the undefiled Trinity, which is utterly unyoked, as they think, and is in one substance, in kingship, in lordship, in Godhead, in power, in creation, and whatever befits its blessedness. The one they boldly call God and king, the other Lord and his servant and a creature made by him before the others, and the third slave and servant of the Son, the wretches; and to them above all the prophecy is spoken. For the all-holy Spirit of prophecy did not speak only against Saul and those like him through the revered tongue of the prophet.]
Ps 58:4 (57:5 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Ps 58:5 (57:6 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Jer 4:22 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 1:20 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 28:19 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58:4–5: Saul, unmoved by David's appeals, is like the asp that stops its ears to the charmer; an added passage applies the verse to the Arian, Eunomian, and Macedonian heretics and their baptism and doxologies.
- The long bracketed passage closes with a bracket in Migne; the opening bracket is supplied. It is an addition from the catena, not Theodoret's text. Its account of the heretics' practice is translated as written, and its text is garbled in places (the sentence on "the mother" is translated by sense).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (opening bracket lost in the OCR; split word (OCR); stray bracket for a quotation mark (OCR); stray letters (OCR)): ἔγνωσαν·] κα → ἔγνωσαν·» κα; Σοφὸν γὰρ ἐὲ ἐνταῦθα → Σοφὸν γὰρ ἐνταῦθα; Οὔτε δ τούτους ὡς δὲ ἀληθῶς → Οὔτε τούτους ὡς ἀληθῶς; οὐ σε πέπεικε → οὐ πέπεικε; Ὡς ἐκ τούτου δήλην → [Ὡς ἐκ τούτου δήλην; Τριάτ –δος → Τριάδος.
Topics: Heresy, Trinity, Baptism
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.5 (PG 80 80:1297; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.7PG 80 80:1299
«Ὁ Θεὸς συντρίψει τοὺς ὀδόντας αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν., ᾿Αλλὰ γὰρ ὁ τῶν ὅλων ἐπόπτης ἀργὰς αὐτοῦ δείξει τὰς καθ' ἡμῶν μηχανάς. . « Τὰς μύλας τῶν λεόντων συνέθλασεν ὁ Κύριος. » Καὶ ἐν τῷ προτεταγμένῳ ψαλμῷ σκύμνους αὐτοὺς ὠνόμασε, καὶ ἐνταῦθα λέοντας. Τούτου χάριν καὶ ὀδόντων καὶ μυλῶν ἐμνημόνευσε. Μύλας δὲ καλεῖ τοὺς ἐνδοτέρους ὁδόντας, οἷς λεπτύνειν εἰώθαμεν τὴν τροφήν. Διὰ τούτων μέντοι κάκείνων ἐδίδαξεν, ὡς ὁ τῶν ὅλων Θεὸς τὰς παντοδαπὰς αὐτῶν διαβολὰς διαλύσει.
«Ho Theos syntripsei tous odontas autōn en tǭ stomati autōn., ᾿Alla gar ho tōn holōn epoptēs argas autou deixei tas kath' hēmōn mēchanas. . « Tas mylas tōn leontōn synethlasen ho Kyrios. » Kai en tǭ protetagmenǭ psalmǭ skymnous autous ōnomase, kai entautha leontas. Toutou charin kai odontōn kai mylōn emnēmoneuse. Mylas de kalei tous endoterous hodontas, hois leptynein eiōthamen tēn trophēn. Dia toutōn mentoi kakeinōn edidaxen, hōs ho tōn holōn Theos tas pantodapas autōn diabolas dialysei.
"God will break their teeth in their mouth." "But the overseer of all will make their devices against us idle." "The Lord has crushed the molars of the lions." In the psalm placed before he called them cubs, and here lions; for this reason he mentioned teeth and molars. He calls molars the inner teeth with which we usually grind food. By both he taught that the God of all will undo their varied slanders.
Ps 58:6 (57:7 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58:6: God will break the lions' teeth, undoing the enemies' slanders.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray letter (OCR); stray letters (OCR)): συντρίψει σε τοὺς → συντρίψει τοὺς; ἐπόπτης σε ἀργὰς → ἐπόπτης ἀργὰς; ἐδίδαξεν ο, ὡς → ἐδίδαξεν, ὡς.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.7 (PG 80 80:1299; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.8PG 80 80:1299
« Ἐξουδενωθήσονται ὡσεὶ ὕδωρ διαπορευόμενον. » Εὐκαταφρόνητοι, φησὶν, ἔσονται, ὕδατι παραπλησίως ἐσκεδασμένῳ, καὶ παντελῶς ἀχρήστῳ. · Ἐντενεῖ τὸ τόξον αὐτοῦ, ἕως οὗ ἀσθενήσουσιν. Οὐ παύεται γὰρ βάλλων αὐτοὺς ταῖς τιμωρίαις, μέχρις αὐτῶν καταλύσει τὴν δύναμιν, [τῆξιν αὐτῶν καὶ διάλυσιν ἐπάγων.]
« Exoudenōthēsontai hōsei hydōr diaporeuomenon. » Eukataphronētoi, phēsin, esontai, hydati paraplēsiōs eskedasmenǭ, kai pantelōs achrēstǭ. ; Entenei to toxon autou, heōs hou asthenēsousin. Ou pauetai gar ballōn autous tais timōriais, mechris autōn katalysei tēn dynamin, [tēxin autōn kai dialysin epagōn.]
"They will be set at nought like water running past." "They will be contemptible," he says, "like water scattered and wholly useless." "He will bend his bow until they grow weak." "For he does not stop striking them with punishments until he destroys their power, [bringing on them melting and dissolution]."
Ps 58:7 (57:8 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58:7: the wicked will vanish like spilled water as God strikes them until they are powerless.
- The bracketed words close with a bracket in Migne; the opening bracket is supplied.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (garbled word (OCR); opening bracket lost in the OCR; stray letters (OCR)): ὡσεὶ τε ὕδωρ → ὡσεὶ ὕδωρ; πατ ραπλησίως → παραπλησίως; Ἐντενεῖ τὰ τὸ τόξον → Ἐντενεῖ τὸ τόξον; παύεται το γὰρ → παύεται γὰρ; δύναμιν, τῆξιν → δύναμιν, [τῆξιν.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.8 (PG 80 80:1299; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.9PG 80 80:1299
« Ὡσεὶ κηρὸς τακεὶς ἀνταναιρεθήσονται, [τῆς θανατικῆς φθασάσης αὐτοὺς διαπύρου καταιγίδος ·] ἔπεσε πῦρ ἐπ᾿ αὐτοὺς καὶ οὐκ εἶδον τὸν ἥλιον. » Δίκην δὲ κηροῦ πυρὶ πελάζοντος καὶ τηκομένου διαλυθήσονται, καὶ τῆς ζωῆς στερηθήσονται. Τοῦτο γὰρ εἶπε· « Καὶ οὐκ εἶδον τὸν ἥλιον· ὡς τῶν τελευτώντων τὴν ἡλιακὴν οὐ δυναμένων ἰδεῖν ἀκτῖνα.
« Hōsei kēros takeis antanairethēsontai, [tēs thanatikēs phthasasēs autous diapyrou kataigidos ;] epese pyr ep᾿ autous kai ouk eidon ton hēlion. » Dikēn de kērou pyri pelazontos kai tēkomenou dialythēsontai, kai tēs zōēs sterēthēsontai. Touto gar eipe; « Kai ouk eidon ton hēlion; hōs tōn teleutōntōn tēn hēliakēn ou dynamenōn idein aktina.
"Like melted wax they will be taken away, [the deadly fiery storm having overtaken them;] fire fell on them, and they did not see the sun." "Like wax brought near fire and melting, they will be dissolved and deprived of life." For this is what he said: "And they did not see the sun," since the dead cannot see the sun's ray.
Ps 58:8 (57:9 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58:8: the wicked will melt like wax and die without seeing the sun.
- The bracketed words are bracketed in Migne (opening bracket restored); they are probably an addition from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (bracket reversed by the OCR; stray letters (OCR)): κηρὸς το τακεὶς → κηρὸς τακεὶς; ἀνταναιρεθήσονται, : ] τῆς → ἀνταναιρεθήσονται, [τῆς; οὐ δε δυναμένων → οὐ δυναμένων.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.9 (PG 80 80:1299; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-9
BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos-57-9) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.10PG 80 80:1301
« Πρὸ τοῦ συνιέναι τὰς ἀκάνθας ὑμῶν την ῥάμνον, ὡσεὶ ζῶντας ὡσεὶ ἐν ὀργῇ καταπίεται αὐτούς. » Ὁ δὲ Σύμμαχος σαφέστερον τοῦτο ἡρμήνευσε· Πρὶν ἢ αὐξηθῶσιν αἱ ἄκανθαι ὑμῶν, ὥστε γενέσθαι ῥάμνον, ἔτι ζῶντας ὡς ὀλόξηρον λαίλαψ ἀρεῖ. [Ὁ δὲ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστι. Πᾶσαν μὲν ἁμαρτίαν ἄκανθαν ἡ θεία Γραφὴ καλεῖ · ἡ δὲ ῥάμνος ἄκανθα μέν ἐστι, μεγίστη δὲ, καὶ δένδρον μιμουμένη καὶ ἰὸν χαλεπώτατον βάλλουσα]. ᾿Απειλεῖ τοίνυν ἡ πρόῤῥησις, καὶ τῷ Σαούλ, καὶ τοῖς ἐκείνου συνεργοῖς, ταχεῖαν τὴν τιμωρίαν. Πρὶν γὰρ, φησὶν, αὐξηθῇ ὑμῶν ἡ πονηρία, ὥστε ῥάμνῳ ἀπεικασθῆναι, [τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι, τῇ μεγίστῃ ἀκάνθῃ, ἥτις ἐστὶ φαυλοτάτη κακία,] θεήλατος ὑμᾶς πληγὴ καταλήψεται, καὶ φρούδους ἐργάσεται. Τοῦτο γὰρ εἶπε, καταπίεται. Καθάπερ γὰρ τὸ [' ὑπὸ τῶν μυλῶν τῶν ὀδόντων λεπτυνόμενον καὶ] καταπινόμενον ἀφανὲς λοιπὸν γίνεται, οὕτω καὶ ὑμεῖς, φησὶ, παραδοθήσεσθε λήθῃ· ὅπερ δὴ καὶ συνέβη. Μετ᾿ ὀλίγον γὰρ χρόνον, ἐν τῷ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων πολέμῳ δεξάμενος τὴν πληγὴν, οὐκ ἔτι τὴν πονηρίαν ἐπηύξησεν [᾿ ὁ Σαούλ], ἀλλ᾽ ἄκων τὸν κατὰ τοῦ Δαβὶδ κατέλυσε πόλεμον.
« Pro tou synienai tas akanthas hymōn tēn rhamnon, hōsei zōntas hōsei en orgę̄ katapietai autous. » Ho de Symmachos saphesteron touto hērmēneuse; Prin ē auxēthōsin hai akanthai hymōn, hōste genesthai rhamnon, eti zōntas hōs oloxēron lailaps arei. [Ho de legei, touto esti. Pasan men hamartian akanthan hē theia Graphē kalei ; hē de rhamnos akantha men esti, megistē de, kai dendron mimoumenē kai ion chalepōtaton ballousa]. ᾿Apeilei toinyn hē prorrhēsis, kai tǭ Saoul, kai tois ekeinou synergois, tacheian tēn timōrian. Prin gar, phēsin, auxēthę̄ hymōn hē ponēria, hōste rhamnǭ apeikasthēnai, [tout᾽ esti, tę̄ megistę̄ akanthę̄, hētis esti phaulotatē kakia,] theēlatos hymas plēgē katalēpsetai, kai phroudous ergasetai. Touto gar eipe, katapietai. Kathaper gar to [' hypo tōn mylōn tōn odontōn leptynomenon kai] katapinomenon aphanes loipon ginetai, houtō kai hymeis, phēsi, paradothēsesthe lēthę̄; hoper dē kai synebē. Met᾿ oligon gar chronon, en tǭ tōn allophylōn polemǭ dexamenos tēn plēgēn, ouk eti tēn ponērian epēuxēsen [᾿ ho Saoul], all᾽ akōn ton kata tou Dabid katelyse polemon.
"Before your thorns understand the bramble, as living, as in wrath, he will swallow them up." Symmachus rendered this more clearly: "Before your thorns grow so as to become a bramble, while still living, a whirlwind will take them away as wholly dry." [What he means is this. The divine Scripture calls every sin a thorn; but the bramble is a thorn, yet the largest, imitating a tree and casting a very grievous poison.] The prediction, then, threatens swift punishment both to Saul and to his helpers. "For before your wickedness grows," he says, "so as to be likened to a bramble [that is, to the largest thorn, which is the basest vice], a God-sent blow will overtake you and make you vanish." For this is what he said: "will swallow." For as what is [ground fine by the molars of the teeth and] swallowed then becomes invisible, so you too, he says, will be handed over to oblivion; which indeed happened. For a short time later, receiving the blow in the war with the foreigners, [Saul] no longer increased his wickedness but unwillingly ended the war against David.
Ps 58:9 (57:10 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Sam 31:4 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58:9: before Saul's sin could grow into a full bramble, God's blow took him away in the Philistine war.
- The bracketed passages are bracketed in Migne (some opening brackets supplied); they are probably additions from the catena.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (opening bracket lost in the OCR; repeated syllables (OCR); opening bracket lost; stray letters (OCR)): τοῦτό θε ἐστι. Πᾶσαν → τοῦτό ἐστι. Πᾶσαν; Ὁ δὲ λέγει, τοῦτό → [Ὁ δὲ λέγει, τοῦτό; ἡ ἐν ἡ πονηρία, ὥ ηρία, ὥστε ῥάμνῳ ἀτ ἀπεικασθῆναι, τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι, → ἡ πονηρία, ὥστε ῥάμνῳ ἀπεικασθῆναι, [τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι,.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.10 (PG 80 80:1301; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.11PG 80 80:1301
« Εὐφρανθήσεται δίκαιος, ὅτ᾽ ἂν ἴδῃ ἐκδίκησιν · τὰς χεῖρας αὑτοῦ νίψεται ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ. • Εὐφραίνεται δὲ ὁ τῆς ἀρετῆς φροντιστὴς, τὸν τῆς κακίας ἐργάτην ὁρῶν κολαζόμενον · οὐκ ἐπιτωθάζων ἐκείνῳ, ἀλλὰ τὴν θείαν ὁρῶν προμήθειαν, παρορᾷν οὐκ ἀνεχομένην τοὺς ὑπ᾿ ἐκείνων ἀδικουμένους. Τὰς δὲ χεῖρας αὐτοῦ νίπτεται, οὐ τῷ αἴματι ταύτας φοινίττων καὶ μολύνων· ἀλλὰ " δεικνὺς ἑαυτὸν ἀθῶον, καὶ τῆς ἐκείνου πονηρίας κεχωρισμένον. Οὐ γὰρ, ὣς τινες ὑπέλαβον, ἐν τῷ αἵματι νίπτεται, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τῷ αἵματι νίπτεται, ὡς οὐδεμίαν πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἐσχηκὼς κοινωνίαν.
« Euphranthēsetai dikaios, hot᾽ an idę̄ ekdikēsin ; tas cheiras hautou nipsetai en tǭ haimati tou hamartōlou. • Euphrainetai de ho tēs aretēs phrontistēs, ton tēs kakias ergatēn horōn kolazomenon ; ouk epitōthazōn ekeinǭ, alla tēn theian horōn promētheian, parorąn ouk anechomenēn tous hyp᾿ ekeinōn adikoumenous. Tas de cheiras autou niptetai, ou tǭ aimati tautas phoinittōn kai molynōn; alla " deiknys heauton athōon, kai tēs ekeinou ponērias kechōrismenon. Ou gar, hōs tines hypelabon, en tǭ haimati niptetai, all᾽ epi tǭ haimati niptetai, hōs oudemian pros ekeinon eschēkōs koinōnian.
"The righteous will rejoice when he sees vengeance; he will wash his hands in the blood of the sinner." The one who cares for virtue rejoices seeing the worker of vice punished, not mocking him, but seeing divine providence, which does not bear to overlook those wronged by such people. He washes his hands not reddening and defiling them with blood, but showing himself innocent and separated from that man's wickedness. For he does not, as some supposed, wash in the blood, but washes over the blood, as having had no fellowship with him.
Ps 58:10 (57:11 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58:10: the righteous rejoice at God's justice, and washing their hands "in" the sinner's blood means declaring themselves innocent of it.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (split word (OCR); split word and stray letters (OCR); stray letter (OCR)): ἐπι- ( τωθάζων ὁ ἐκείνῳ, ἀλλὰ τὴν θείαν ὁρῶν ὁ προμήθειαν → ἐπιτωθάζων ἐκείνῳ, ἀλλὰ τὴν θείαν ὁρῶν προμήθειαν; κεχω ρισμένον → κεχωρισμένον; ἀλλ᾽ ὁ ἐπὶ τῷ αἵματι → ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τῷ αἵματι.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.11 (PG 80 80:1301; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.12PG 80 80:1301
« Καὶ ἐρεῖ ἀνθρωπος, Εἰ ἄρα ἐστὶ καρπὸς τῷ δικαίῳ; ἄρα ἐστὶν ὁ Θεὸς κρίνων αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ γῇ. » Τὸ ἄρα ἐνταῦθα ἀποφαντικῶς κεῖται · λέγει δὲ, ὅτι πᾶς ὀρῶν τὸν δυσσεβείᾳ συνεζηκότα ποινὴν τίσαντα κατὰ τόνδε τὸν βίον, ὁμολογήσει καὶ Θεὸν εἶναι, καὶ ἐφορᾶν τὰ γινόμενα, καὶ σοφῶς ἅπαντα πρυτανεύειν • καὶ τοῖς μὲν δικαίοις τοὺς καταλλήλους ἀπονέμειν καρποὺς, τοὺς δὲ τάναντία προελομένους δίκας εἰσπράττειν, καὶ τὰς ἀξίας τιμωρίας ἐπάγειν.
« Kai erei anthrōpos, Ei ara esti karpos tǭ dikaiǭ? ara estin ho Theos krinōn autous en tę̄ gę̄. » To ara entautha apophantikōs keitai ; legei de, hoti pas orōn ton dyssebeią synezēkota poinēn tisanta kata tonde ton bion, homologēsei kai Theon einai, kai ephoran ta ginomena, kai sophōs hapanta prytaneuein • kai tois men dikaiois tous katallēlous aponemein karpous, tous de tanantia proelomenous dikas eisprattein, kai tas axias timōrias epagein.
"And a man will say, Truly there is fruit for the righteous; truly there is a God who judges them on the earth." "Truly" here is affirmative. He says that everyone, seeing one who lived in impiety pay the penalty in this life, will confess that there is a God, that he oversees what happens, governs all things wisely, assigns fitting fruits to the righteous, and exacts punishment from those who chose the opposite, bringing deserved penalties.
Ps 58:11 (57:12 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Psalm 58:11: the punishment of the wicked makes all confess that God rewards the righteous and judges on earth.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (split word (OCR); stray letter (OCR)): Εἰ ὁ ἄρα ἐστὶ → Εἰ ἄρα ἐστὶ; ἐφ ορᾶν → ἐφορᾶν.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. Ps. 57.12 (PG 80 80:1301; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos/57-12
BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-theodoret-interpretatio-psalmos-57-12) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 80 (Bavarian State Library OCR); no public-domain or FOTC English exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.