Third Letter to the Corinthians (Correspondence of Paul and the Corinthians) (complete)

Pseudonymous: Anonymous; written in the name of Paul and part of the Acts of Paul (a presbyter in Asia, per Tertullian, Bapt. 17). Not part of the 66-book canon; accepted by the Syrian and Armenian churches for a time.

Latin text: Vetter 1894 (OCR made for this site).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).

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Chapter 1

1Vetter 1894, 58-59

1. Stephanus et qui cum eo sunt omnes maiores natu: Daphinus et Eubolus et Theophilus et Zenon, Paulo fratri in domino aeternam salutem. 2. Supervenerunt Corintho viri duo: Simon quidam et Cleobius, qui quorundam fidem pervertunt verbis adulteris; 3. quod tu proba; 4. nunquam enim audivimus a te talia . . . 5. 6. . . . . in carne t . . . 7. . . . nos. 8. credimus enim, sicut adpertum est Theonae, quoniam liberavit te dominus de manu iniqui. petimus ut rescribas nobis. 9. sunt enim quae dicunt et docent, talia: 10. non debere inquiunt vatibus credi, 11. neque esse deum . . . . . . , 12. neque esse resurrectionem carnis, 13. sed nec esse figm[entum] hominem dei, 14. sed neque in carne venisse Christum, sed neque ex Maria natum, 15. sed nec esse saeculum dei, sed nuntiorum. 16. propter quod petimus, frater: omni necessitate cura venire ad nos, ut non in offensam maneat Corinthiorum ecclesia, et eorum dementia inanis inveniatur. Vale in domino.

1. Stephanus and all the elders who are with him, Daphinus, Eubulus, Theophilus and Zenon, to Paul their brother in the Lord, eternal greeting. 2. Two men have come to Corinth, a certain Simon and Cleobius, who are overturning the faith of some with corrupt words; 3. test these things yourself. 4. For we have never heard such things from you … 5–6. … in the flesh … 7. … us. 8. For we believe, as it was revealed to Theonoe, that the Lord has delivered you from the hand of the lawless one. We ask you to write back to us. 9. For these are the things they say and teach: 10. that one must not, they say, believe the prophets; 11. that God is not […]; 12. that there is no resurrection of the flesh; 13. that man is not the handiwork of God; 14. that Christ did not come in the flesh, nor was he born of Mary; 15. and that the world is not God's, but the angels'. 16. Therefore we ask you, brother, make every effort to come to us, so that the church of the Corinthians may not remain in offence, and the folly of these men may be shown to be empty. Farewell in the Lord.

Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.

Notes and citation

Summary: The Corinthian elders write to Paul that two teachers, Simon and Cleobius, deny the prophets, the resurrection of the flesh, God's creation of man and the world, and Christ's coming in the flesh and birth from Mary, and they ask him to come.

  • Part of the Acts of Paul (2nd century); not part of the 66-book canon, though the Syrian and Armenian churches long read it with Paul's letters. Translated from the Latin of the Milan manuscript (Vetter 1894); the Greek original is lost apart from a papyrus, and gaps in the damaged manuscript are marked '…'.
  • 'Theonoe' (Latin Theonae): a prophetess to whom it was revealed that Paul would be freed.
  • The teaching denied here (no resurrection of the flesh, the world made by angels, Christ not truly born or embodied) is the kind of teaching later called Gnostic and docetic.
  • 'Angels' renders nuntiorum (messengers).

Topics: Heresy, Christology, Eschatology

Cite (SBL): 3 Cor. 1 (Vetter 1894, 58-59; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epistula-corinthios-tertia/1/#p-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of the Milan manuscript (Vetter 1894); no public-domain English: re-read against the Latin.

Chapter 2

2Vetter 1894, 59-64

1. Paulus, vinctus Jesu Christi, his qui sunt Corintho, fratribus in domino salutem. 2. In multis cum essem taediis, non miror, si sic tam cito percurrunt maligni decreta, 3. quia dominus meus Jesus Christus citatum adventum suum faciet, decipiens eos qui adulterant verbum eius. 4. ego enim ab initio tradidi vobis, quae et accepi et tradita sunt mihi a domino et eis, qui ante me sunt apostoli et fuerunt omni tempore cum Christo Jesu. 5. quoniam dominus noster Jesus Christus ex virgine Maria natus est ex semine David secundum carnem de sancto spiritu de coelo a patre misso in eam per angelum Gabriel, 6. ut in hunc mundum prodiret Jesus in carne, ut liberaret omnem carnem per suam nativitatem, et ut ex mortuis nos excitet corporales, sicut et ipse typum nobis ostendit. 7. quia homo a patre eius fictus est. 8. propter quod et perditus quaesitus est ab eo, ut vivificetur per filii creationem. 9. nam quia deus omnium et omnia tenens, qui fecit coelum et terram, misit primum Judaeis prophetas, ut a peccatis abstraherentur. 10. consolatus enim salvare domum Israel, partitus ergo a spiritu Christi misit in prophetas, qui enarraverunt dei culturam et nativitatem Christi, praedicantes temporibus multis. 11. nam quia iniustus princeps, deum volens esse se, eos sub manu necabat et omnem carnem hominum ad suam voluntatem alligabat, et consummationes mundi iudicio adpropinquabant. 12. sed deus omnipotens, cum sit iustus, nolens abicere suam finctionem, misertus est. 13. de coelis emisit spiritum sanctum in Mariam in Galilaea. 14. quae ex totis praecordiis credidit accepitque in utero spiritum sanctum, ut in saeculum prodiret Jesus. 15. ut per quam carnem conversatus est malus, per eam victus probatus est, non esse deus. 16. suo enim corpore Jesus Christus . . . . . 17–19 . . . . . . . sed filii . . . prudentiam, absque fide dicentes, non esse coelum et terram et omnia, quae in eis sunt, patris opera. 20. ipsi sunt ergo filii irae; maledictam enim colubri fidem habent. 21. quos repellite a vobis et a doctrina eorum fugite! 22. non enim estis filii inoboedientiae, sed amantissimae ecclesiae. 23. propterea resurrectionis tempus praedicatum est. 24. quod autem vobis dicunt resurrectionem non esse carnis, illis non erit resurrectio in vitam, sed in iudicium eius. 25. quoniam circa eum qui resurrexit a mortuis, infideles sunt, non credentes neque intellegentes. 26. neque enim, viri Corinthii, sciunt tritici semina, sicut aliorum seminum, quoniam nuda mittuntur in terra, et simul corrupta deorsum surgunt in voluntate dei corporata et vestita. 27. non solum corpus, quod missum est, surgit, sed quamplurimum benedicens. 28. et si non oportet a seminibus tantum facere parabolam, sed a dignioribus corporibus — 29. vide, quia Jonas, Amathi filius, Ninevitis cum non praedicaret, sed cum fugisset, a caeto gluttitus est. 30. et post triduum et tres noctes ex altissimo inferno tandem exaudivit deus orationem Jonae, et nihil illius corruptum est, neque capillus neque palpebra. 31. quanto magis vos, pusilli fide, et eos, qui crediderunt in Christum Jesum, excitabit, sicut ipse surrexit? 32. s[i] . . . . super ossa Elisaei prophetae mortuus missus est a filiis Israel, et resurrexit corpus et anima et ossa et spiritus; quanto magis vos, pusillae fidei, a mortuis in illa die resurgetis, habentes sanam carnem, sicut et Christus resurrexit? 33. similiter et de Elia propheta: filium viduae a morte resuscitavit. quanto magis vos dominus Jesus in voce tubae, in nutu oculi a morte resuscitabit, sicut et ipse a mortuis resurrexit? typum enim nobis in suo corpore ostendit. 34. quod si quid aliud recepistis, erit vobis deus in testimonium, et molestus mihi nemo sit. 35. ego enim stigmata Christi in manibus habeo, ut Christum lucrer, et stigmata crucis eius in corpore meo, ut veniam in resurrectionem ex mortuis. 36. et si quisquam regulam accepit per felices prophetas et sanctum evangelium, manet, mercedem accipiet, et cum resurrexerit a mortuis, vitam aeternam consequetur. 37. qui autem haec praeterit, ignis est cum illo, et cum eis qui sic praecurrunt. 38. qui sine deo sunt homines, qui sunt genera viperarum. 39. quos repellite in domini potestate. 40. et erit vobiscum pax, gratia et dilectio. Amen.

1. Paul, prisoner of Jesus Christ, to those who are in Corinth, brothers in the Lord, greeting. 2. Since I am in many troubles, I do not wonder that the teachings of the evil one are spreading so fast. 3. For my Lord Jesus Christ will hasten his coming, and will bring to nothing those who corrupt his word. 4. For from the beginning I handed on to you what I also received, which was handed on to me by the Lord and by the apostles who were before me and were with Christ Jesus at all times: 5. that our Lord Jesus Christ was born of the virgin Mary, of the seed of David according to the flesh, by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven by the Father into her through the angel Gabriel, 6. so that Jesus might come into this world in the flesh, and by his birth set free all flesh, and raise us from the dead in our bodies, as he himself showed us in his own person as a pattern. 7. For man was formed by his Father; 8. therefore, when he was lost, he was sought by him, so that he might be given life by the Son's creation. 9. For the God of all, who holds all things, who made heaven and earth, first sent prophets to the Jews, to draw them away from their sins. 10. For he purposed to save the house of Israel; so, giving a portion of the Spirit of Christ, he sent it into the prophets, who declared the worship of God and the birth of Christ, preaching for many ages. 11. For the unjust ruler, wishing to be God himself, laid hands on them and killed them, and bound all the flesh of men to his own will, and the end of the world was drawing near to judgment. 12. But God almighty, since he is just, not willing to cast off his own creature, had mercy. 13. From heaven he sent the Holy Spirit into Mary in Galilee, 14. who believed with her whole heart and received the Holy Spirit in her womb, so that Jesus might come into the world, 15. so that through the very flesh in which the evil one had prevailed, he might be shown conquered, and not to be God. 16. For by his own body Jesus Christ … 17–19. … but sons … wisdom, saying without faith that heaven and earth and all that is in them are not the Father's works. 20. They, then, are children of wrath, for they hold the accursed faith of the serpent. 21. Drive them away from you, and flee from their teaching! 22. For you are not children of disobedience, but of the most beloved church. 23. For this reason the time of the resurrection has been proclaimed. 24. As for those who tell you there is no resurrection of the flesh, for them there will be no resurrection to life, but to judgment, 25. because they do not believe in him who rose from the dead, neither believing nor understanding. 26. For they do not know, men of Corinth, about the seeds of wheat and of other seeds, that they are cast bare into the ground and, having decayed below, rise by the will of God with a body and clothed. 27. And not only does the body that was sown rise, but it is blessed with manifold increase. 28. And if we must not draw a comparison from seeds alone, but from nobler bodies: 29. you see that Jonah, son of Amittai, when he would not preach to the Ninevites but fled, was swallowed by the sea monster; 30. and after three days and three nights God heard the prayer of Jonah from the deepest depth, and nothing of him was corrupted, not a hair nor an eyelid. 31. How much more will he raise you, you of little faith, and those who have believed in Christ Jesus, as he himself rose? 32. If … a dead man was cast by the sons of Israel upon the bones of the prophet Elisha and rose again, body and soul and bones and spirit, how much more will you, of little faith, rise from the dead on that day with sound flesh, as Christ rose? 33. Likewise concerning the prophet Elijah: he raised the widow's son from death; how much more will the Lord Jesus raise you from death at the sound of the trumpet, in the twinkling of an eye, as he himself rose from the dead? For he showed us a pattern in his own body. 34. But if you receive anything else, God will be witness against you, and let no one trouble me. 35. For I bear the marks of Christ in my hands, that I may gain Christ, and the marks of his cross in my body, that I may come to the resurrection from the dead. 36. And whoever keeps the rule he received through the blessed prophets and the holy gospel will receive a reward, and when he rises from the dead will obtain eternal life. 37. But whoever transgresses these things, fire is with him and with those who go before him in this way. 38. They are men without God, a brood of vipers. 39. Drive them away in the power of the Lord. 40. And peace, grace and love will be with you. Amen.

1 Cor 15:3 (allusion, high confidence) · Rom 1:3 (allusion, medium confidence) · Luke 1:26–35 (allusion, medium confidence) · Eph 2:3 (echo, medium confidence) · 1 Cor 15:36–38 (allusion, high confidence) · Jonah 1:17–2:10 (allusion, high confidence) · 2 Kgs 13:21 (allusion, high confidence) · 1 Kgs 17:17–24 (allusion, high confidence) · 1 Cor 15:52 (allusion, high confidence) · Gal 6:17 (allusion, high confidence) · Phil 3:8–11 (echo, medium confidence) · Matt 3:7 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Paul replies that he handed on what he received: Christ was truly born of Mary by the Holy Spirit to save the flesh, God made man and the world, and the flesh will rise, as seeds, Jonah, the dead man laid on Elisha's bones and the widow's son show.

  • Verses 16–19 are damaged in the Milan manuscript; only a few words survive.
  • 'Pattern' renders typum (verses 6, 33).
  • The arguments for bodily resurrection draw on 1 Cor 15 (seeds) and on Old Testament examples (Jonah; 2 Kgs 13:21; 1 Kgs 17:17–24).

Topics: Heresy, Christology, Eschatology

Cite (SBL): 3 Cor. 2 (Vetter 1894, 59-64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epistula-corinthios-tertia/1/#p-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

BibTeX · RIS (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-epistula-corinthios-tertia-2) · Report an error

Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of the Milan manuscript (Vetter 1894); no public-domain English: re-read against the Latin.