Revelation 14 in the early church

[Vulgate: Apocalypse]

114 passages quote, allude to, or echo Revelation 14, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 18 · 19 · 20

Revelation 14:1

Then I looked and saw the Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with Him 144,000 who had His name and His Father’s name written on their foreheads.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:15 Ezra 2.42 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence2nd–3rd century
Rev 14:1–5Commentary on John 1.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Rev 14:1–4Commentary on John 1.5 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Rev 14:1Commentary on John 1.6 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Rev 14:1To Quirinus 2.22 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Rev 14:1–5Symposium 1.5 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd century
Rev 14:1Commentary on the Apocalypse 20.1 · Victorinus of Pettauquotation, high confidencelate 3rd century
Rev 14:1–4Letter 49.14 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:1Hexameron (Exameron) 6.42 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Rev 14:1Hexameron (Exameron) 6.58 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-390
Rev 14:1–5Against Jovinianus 1.40 · Jeromequotation, high confidence393
Rev 14:1On Holy Virginity 27 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401

Revelation 14:2

And I heard a sound from heaven like the roar of many waters and the loud rumbling of thunder. And the sound I heard was like harpists strumming their harps.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:2On Holy Virginity 27 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401

Revelation 14:3

And they sang a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and the elders. And no one could learn the song except the 144,000 who had been redeemed from the earth.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:3–4Symposium 6.5 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, high confidencelate 3rd century
Rev 14:3Symposium 11.2 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, medium confidencelate 3rd century
Rev 14:3Letter 22.41 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:3–4Letter 49.10 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:3Letter 120.2 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:3–4Against Jovinianus 2.19 · Jeromeallusion, high confidence393
Rev 14:3On the Good of Marriage 31 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:3On Holy Virginity 27 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:3On Holy Virginity 29 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:3On the Good of Widowhood 24 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 414
Rev 14:3The Conferences 22.6 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Rev 14:3Sermon on the Life of Honoratus 39 · Hilary of Arlesallusion, high confidenceca. 430

Revelation 14:4

These are the ones who have not been defiled with women, for they are virgins. They follow the Lamb wherever He goes. They have been redeemed from among men as firstfruits to God and to the Lamb.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:4On the Resurrection of the Flesh 27 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 208–212
Rev 14:4Commentary on John 1.7 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Rev 14:4–5Commentary on John 1.8 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Rev 14:4Homilies on Exodus 1.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 14:4Homilies on Numbers 11.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 14:4To Quirinus 3.32 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Rev 14:4On the Dress of Virgins 4 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 249
Rev 14:4In Praise of Martyrdom 30 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence3rd cent. (disputed)
Rev 14:4Commentary on the Apocalypse 20.1 · Victorinus of Pettauallusion, high confidencelate 3rd century
Rev 14:4Church History 5.1.10 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 300–325
Rev 14:4Commentary on 2 Corinthians 11:2 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Rev 14:4Letter 3.5 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:4Letter 22.41 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:4Letter 64.3 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:4Letter 77.12 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:4Letter 108.22 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:4Letter 130.8 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:4Life of Paul the Hermit 12 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 375–379
Rev 14:4Against Helvidius 23 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 383
Rev 14:4Letter 121.7 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Rev 14:4Sermon 248.3 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Rev 14:4Sermon 270.7 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Rev 14:4Sermon 304.1 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Rev 14:4Sermon 311.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 391-430
Rev 14:4Poem 14, lines 96–135 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, medium confidenceca. 393–431
Rev 14:4Poem 31, lines 571–604 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Rev 14:4Letters 50.7 · Paulinus of Nolaquotation, high confidenceca. 394–413
Rev 14:4Letters 2.8 · Sulpicius Severusallusion, high confidenceca. 397–406
Rev 14:4On the Good of Marriage 31 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence401
Rev 14:4On Holy Virginity 27 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:4On Holy Virginity 29 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:4On Holy Virginity 39 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:4On Holy Virginity 41 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:4On Holy Virginity 49 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:4On Holy Virginity 52 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:4On Holy Virginity 53 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:4Against Vigilantius 6 · Jeromequotation, high confidence406
Rev 14:4On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 2.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence411–412
Rev 14:4On the Good of Widowhood 24 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 414
Rev 14:4Commonitorium 2.301–330 · Orientius of Auchecho, low confidenceca. 420-450
Rev 14:4Commonitorium 2.331–360 · Orientius of Auchallusion, high confidenceca. 420-450
Rev 14:4The Conferences 22.6 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Rev 14:4Sermon on the Life of Honoratus 39 · Hilary of Arlesallusion, high confidenceca. 430
Rev 14:4Part 5, chapter 6 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Revelation 14:5

And no lie was found in their mouths; they are blameless.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:5Commentary on John 1.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Rev 14:5Commentary on the Apocalypse 20.1 · Victorinus of Pettauallusion, medium confidencelate 3rd century
Rev 14:5On Holy Virginity 49 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401
Rev 14:5On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 2.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence411–412
Rev 14:5On Man's Perfection in Righteousness 30 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 415
Rev 14:5Against Lying 3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 420
Rev 14:5Against Lying 33 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 420

Revelation 14:6

Then I saw another angel flying overhead, with the eternal gospel to proclaim to those who dwell on the earth—to every nation and tribe and tongue and people.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:6On First Principles 3.6.8 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Rev 14:6On First Principles 4.3.13 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Rev 14:6Commentary on John 1.40 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Rev 14:6Commentary on John 1.83 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248
Rev 14:6–7Commentary on John 1.84 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Rev 14:6Homilies on Leviticus 4.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Rev 14:6Commentary on Romans 1.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Rev 14:6Commentary on Romans 1.14 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Rev 14:6–7To Fortunatus 2 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence253 or 257
Rev 14:6Commentary on the Apocalypse 14.1 · Victorinus of Pettauallusion, high confidencelate 3rd century
Rev 14:6Prophetic Extracts 4.30 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Rev 14:6Letter 121.9 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:6Letter 124.12 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Rev 14:6On the Complaints of Job and David 1.30 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 383-390

Revelation 14:8

Then a second angel followed, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, who has made all the nations drink the wine of the passion of her immorality.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:8Commentary on the Apocalypse 14.1 · Victorinus of Pettauallusion, high confidencelate 3rd century
Rev 14:8Letter 113.1 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419

Revelation 14:9

And a third angel followed them, calling out in a loud voice, “If anyone worships the beast and its image and receives its mark on his forehead or on his hand,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:9–11Letter 58.7 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Rev 14:9–11Letter 65.1 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Rev 14:9–11To Fortunatus 3 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence253 or 257
Rev 14:9Eleven Tractates 1.7 · Priscillianquotation, high confidenceca. 380–385
Rev 14:9Part 4, chapter 5 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

Revelation 14:10

he too will drink the wine of God’s anger, poured undiluted into the cup of His wrath. And he will be tormented in fire and sulfur in the presence of the holy angels and of the Lamb.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:10Divine Institutes 7.26.7 · Lactantiusecho, medium confidenceca. 303–311
Rev 14:10Tractates on the Psalms 59.4 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 360–367

Revelation 14:11

And the smoke of their torment rises forever and ever. Day and night there is no rest for those who worship the beast and its image, or for anyone who receives the mark of its name.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:11Commonitorium 2.301–330 · Orientius of Auchecho, medium confidenceca. 420-450

Revelation 14:13

And I heard a voice from heaven telling me to write, “Blessed are the dead—those who die in the Lord from this moment on.” “Yes,” says the Spirit, “they will rest from their labors, for their deeds will follow them.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:13Instructions 1.28 · Commodianecho, medium confidence3rd century (disputed)
Rev 14:13Exposition of Psalm 118 7.12.4 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 386-397
Rev 14:13Letter 217.16 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Rev 14:13Letter 217.22 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Rev 14:13City of God 20.9 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Rev 14:13Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 5 · Eucherius of Lyonquotation, high confidenceca. 420-430

Revelation 14:14

And I looked and saw a white cloud, and seated on the cloud was One like the Son of Man, with a golden crown on His head and a sharp sickle in His hand.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:14Arabic commentary on the Apocalypse, fragment 16 (on Rev 14, 18) · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200-235
Rev 14:14On the Crown 15 · Tertullianallusion, high confidence211

Revelation 14:15

Then another angel came out of the temple, crying out in a loud voice to the One seated on the cloud, “Swing Your sickle and reap, because the time has come to harvest, for the crop of the earth is ripe.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:15Arabic commentary on the Apocalypse, fragment 16 (on Rev 14, 18) · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, medium confidenceca. 200-235

Revelation 14:18

Still another angel, with authority over the fire, came from the altar and called out in a loud voice to the angel with the sharp sickle, “Swing your sharp sickle and gather the clusters of grapes from the vine of the earth, because its grapes are ripe.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:18Commentary on the Apocalypse 14.3 · Victorinus of Pettauquotation, high confidencelate 3rd century

Revelation 14:19

So the angel swung his sickle over the earth and gathered the grapes of the earth, and he threw them into the great winepress of God’s wrath.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:19Commentary on the Apocalypse 14.3 · Victorinus of Pettauallusion, high confidencelate 3rd century

Revelation 14:20

And the winepress was trodden outside the city, and the blood that flowed from it rose as high as the bridles of the horses for a distance of 1,600 stadia.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Rev 14:206 Ezra 15.35 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence3rd century
Rev 14:20Divine Institutes 7.19.5 · Lactantiusecho, medium confidenceca. 303–311
Rev 14:20Epitome of the Divine Institutes 67.1 · Lactantiusallusion, medium confidenceca. 314–320