Exodus 10 in the early church

66 passages quote, allude to, or echo Exodus 10, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 3 · 7 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 26 · 27

Exodus 10:1

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials, that I may perform these miraculous signs of Mine among them,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:1Against Heresies 4.29.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
Exod 10:1Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 10:1–23Exodus, lines 319–347 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Exodus 10:3

So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and told him, “This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘How long will you refuse to humble yourself before Me? Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:3Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 281 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254

Exodus 10:7

Pharaoh’s officials asked him, “How long will this man be a snare to us? Let the people go, so that they may worship the LORD their God. Do you not yet realize that Egypt lies in ruins?”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:7Demonstration 14.42 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345

Exodus 10:12

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt, so that the locusts may swarm over it and devour every plant in the land—everything that the hail has left behind.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:12–15Refutation of All Heresies 8.14.8 · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, medium confidenceca. 222–235
Exod 10:12Homilies on Exodus 4.7 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 10:12–23Oration 16.10 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 10:12–15On the Life of Moses 349 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 10:12–15Hexameron (Exameron) 5.82 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 387-390
Exod 10:12–15Sermon 8.8 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 10:12–15City of God 16.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidence413–426
Exod 10:12–15Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.11 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 10:12–15Sermon 167 · Peter Chrysologusallusion, low confidenceca. 425-450

Exodus 10:13

So Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and throughout that day and night the LORD sent an east wind across the land. By morning the east wind had brought the locusts.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:13Homilies on Exodus 4.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 10:13Preparation for the Gospel 9.27.32 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 10:13–15Demonstration 14.36 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Exod 10:13City of God 12.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, low confidence413–426
Exod 10:13–15Part 1, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

Exodus 10:14

The locusts swarmed across the land and settled over the entire territory of Egypt. Never before had there been so many locusts, and never again will there be.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:14Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.12 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324

Exodus 10:15

They covered the face of all the land until it was black, and they consumed all the plants on the ground and all the fruit on the trees that the hail had left behind. Nothing green was left on any tree or plant in all the land of Egypt.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:15Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.12 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418

Exodus 10:16

Pharaoh quickly summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “I have sinned against the LORD your God and against you.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:16Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 10:16–17Against Novatian 12 · Anonymousquotation, medium confidenceafter 251 (disputed)

Exodus 10:17

Now please forgive my sin once more and appeal to the LORD your God, that He may remove this death from me.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:17On Prayer 3.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–234
Exod 10:17Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Exodus 10:18

So Moses left Pharaoh’s presence and appealed to the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:18On Prayer 3.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–234

Exodus 10:19

And the LORD changed the wind to a very strong west wind that carried off the locusts and blew them into the Red Sea. Not a single locust remained anywhere in Egypt.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:19On the Trinity 7.10 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 356–360

Exodus 10:20

But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:20Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)

Exodus 10:21

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, so that darkness may spread over the land of Egypt—a palpable darkness.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:21On Pascha 20 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardisallusion, high confidenceca. 160-180
Exod 10:21–22On Pascha 22 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardisallusion, high confidenceca. 160-180
Exod 10:21Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 10:21Homilies on Exodus 4.7 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 10:21Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 133 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Exod 10:21–22Demonstration 14.36 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Exod 10:21Letter 98.21 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Exod 10:21–23On the Life of Moses 343 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, medium confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 10:21–23On the Life of Moses 349 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 385–395
Exod 10:21–23Homilies on Matthew 88.1 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Exod 10:21–23Homily 3 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 390–394
Exod 10:21–23Sermon 8.9 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Exod 10:21–23Against Jovinianus 2.18 · Jeromeallusion, high confidence393
Exod 10:21Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.13 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 10:21–23Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.27.12 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 10:21–23Part 1, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, high confidenceca. 445-450

Exodus 10:22

So Moses stretched out his hand toward heaven, and total darkness covered all the land of Egypt for three days.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:22Homilies on Exodus 4.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 10:22Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 133 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Exod 10:22Preparation for the Gospel 9.29.12 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 313–324
Exod 10:22Oration 38.1 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Exod 10:22–23Tractates 2.22.3 · Zeno of Veronaallusion, high confidenceca. 362-380
Exod 10:22Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.69.2 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, high confidence374-377
Exod 10:22On the Duties of the Clergy 3.15 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
Exod 10:22Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.10.12 · Orosiusallusion, high confidenceca. 417–418
Exod 10:22Theodotus, ACO I.1.2, homily 73.7 · Theodotus of Ancyraallusion, high confidence431

Exodus 10:23

No one could see anyone else, and for three days no one left his place. Yet all the Israelites had light in their dwellings.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:23On Pascha 30 · text not on this site · Melito of Sardisallusion, medium confidenceca. 160-180
Exod 10:23Heads against Gaius, fragment I (on Rev 8:8) · Hippolytus of Romeallusion, high confidenceca. 200-235
Exod 10:23Commentary on John 13.133 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Exod 10:23Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 133 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Exod 10:23Tractates on the Psalms 51.6 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Exod 10:23Book of Rules 5 · Tyconiusallusion, high confidenceca. 380
Exod 10:23Poem 17, lines 29–56 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 393–431
Exod 10:23Theodotus, ACO I.1.2, homily 73.8 · Theodotus of Ancyraallusion, high confidence431

Exodus 10:24

Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and said, “Go, worship the LORD. Even your little ones may go with you; only your flocks and herds must stay behind.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:24On First Principles 3.1.11 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Exod 10:24Homilies on Exodus 4.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Exod 10:24–29Exodus, lines 348–371 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Exodus 10:26

Even our livestock must go with us; not a hoof will be left behind, for we will need some of them to worship the LORD our God, and we will not know how we are to worship the LORD until we arrive.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:26Letter 69.1 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419

Exodus 10:27

But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Exod 10:27Homilies on Exodus 4.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)