Leviticus 19 in the early church

161 passages quote, allude to, or echo Leviticus 19, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 2 · 3 · 4 · 6 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 23 · 24 · 26 · 27 · 29 · 31 · 32 · 34 · 35 · 36

Leviticus 19:2

“Speak to the whole congregation of Israel and tell them: Be holy because I, the LORD your God, am holy.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:2Letters to Virgins 1.7.3 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence3rd century
Lev 19:2Homily on 1 Samuel 1.11 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 19:2Homilies on Numbers 11.8 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 19:2Against Celsus 6.63 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Lev 19:2Letter 70.2 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Lev 19:2On the Lord's Prayer 12 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 252
Lev 19:2Preparation for the Gospel 12.30.4 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Lev 19:2Demonstration of the Gospel 8.2.40 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Lev 19:2Commentary on 1 Timothy 3:11 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Lev 19:2Commentary on Ephesians 5:10 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Lev 19:2Commentary on Philippians 4:20 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Lev 19:2Letter 118.5 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Lev 19:2On the Christian Faith 2.13 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 378–380
Lev 19:2Tractates on Matthew 14.2 · Chromatius of Aquileiaquotation, high confidenceca. 388–407
Lev 19:2Letter 2, chapter 9 · Innocent I, bishop of Romequotation, medium confidence401–417
Lev 19:2On the Christian Life 9 · Fastidiusquotation, high confidenceca. 411-430
Lev 19:2Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 4.25 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 420–421
Lev 19:2On Rebuke and Grace 6 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 427
Lev 19:2On the Gift of Perseverance 2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 428/429

Leviticus 19:3

Each of you must respect his mother and father, and you must keep My Sabbaths. I am the LORD your God.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:3Preparation for the Gospel 12.36.1 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324

Leviticus 19:4

Do not turn to idols or make for yourselves molten gods. I am the LORD your God.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:4Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting 2 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 211–213
Lev 19:4Lines 669–692 · Commodianquotation, medium confidence3rd century (disputed)

Leviticus 19:6

It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it, or on the next day; but what remains on the third day must be burned up.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:6Apostolic Constitutions 4.10.2 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 380

Leviticus 19:9

When you reap the harvest of your land, you are not to reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:9Miscellanies 2.18.85 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203
Lev 19:9Preparation for the Gospel 8.7.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaecho, low confidenceca. 313–324
Lev 19:9–10Demonstration 20.2 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Lev 19:9–14Leviticus, lines 127–149 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Leviticus 19:10

You must not strip your vineyard bare or gather its fallen grapes. Leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the LORD your God.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:10Miscellanies 2.18.86 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203

Leviticus 19:11

You must not steal. You must not lie or deceive one another.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:11–18On Saint Athanasius 1.4 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361

Leviticus 19:12

You must not swear falsely by My name and so profane the name of your God. I am the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:12Homilies on Matthew 17.4 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Lev 19:12Sermon 180.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Lev 19:12The Lord's Sermon on the Mount 1.17 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 393–396

Leviticus 19:13

You must not defraud your neighbor or rob him. You must not withhold until morning the wages due a hired hand.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:13To Quirinus 3.81 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Lev 19:13Demonstration 20.3 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Lev 19:13On Tobit 92 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 380-390
Lev 19:13Sermon 38.4 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, low confidenceca. 391-430

Leviticus 19:14

You must not curse the deaf or place a stumbling block before the blind, but you shall fear your God. I am the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:14Oration 42.18 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383

Leviticus 19:15

You must not pervert justice; you must not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the rich; you are to judge your neighbor fairly.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:15Epistle of the Apostles 26 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 140-170
Lev 19:15Epistle of the Apostles 47 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 140-170
Lev 19:15Letters 298, 299 · Basil of Caesareaecho, medium confidenceca. 357–378
Lev 19:15Letter 79.1 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Lev 19:15Apostolic Constitutions 2.5.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lev 19:15Apostolic Constitutions 2.41.9 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lev 19:15Exposition of Psalm 118 16.13.3 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 386-397
Lev 19:15–20Leviticus, lines 150–173 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Leviticus 19:17

You must not harbor hatred against your brother in your heart. Directly rebuke your neighbor, so that you will not incur guilt on account of him.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:17Didache 2.7 · Anonymousecho, medium confidenceca. 50–150 (often ca. 100)
Lev 19:17Against Marcion 4.35 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Lev 19:17Demonstration 14.44 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Lev 19:17Oration 33.1 · Gregory of Nazianzusecho, low confidenceca. 362–383
Lev 19:17Letter 148.16 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Lev 19:17Apostolic Constitutions 2.53.6 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lev 19:17Apostolic Constitutions 7.5.3 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lev 19:17Liber Orsiesii 9 · Orsiesiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380-390
Lev 19:17The Institutes 8.15 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 419–426

Leviticus 19:18

Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against any of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:18Didache 1.2 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 50–150 (often ca. 100)
Lev 19:18Epistle of Barnabas 19.5 · Anonymousecho, medium confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Lev 19:18Sibylline Oracles 8.481ff. · Anonymousallusion, medium confidence2nd-3rd cent.
Lev 19:18Exhortation to the Greeks 10.108 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200
Lev 19:18Against Heresies 4.12.3 · Irenaeus of Lyonsallusion, high confidenceca. 180–190
Lev 19:18Against the Jews 2 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 197–207
Lev 19:18Against Marcion 1.23 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Lev 19:18Against Marcion 2.17 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Lev 19:18Against Marcion 5.4 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Lev 19:18Against Marcion 5.8 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Lev 19:18Against Marcion 5.14 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Lev 19:18Homily on Luke 34 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 233–250
Lev 19:18Commentary on the Song of Songs 0.71 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Lev 19:18Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Lev 19:18Commentary on Matthew 15.13 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 246–248
Lev 19:18Commentary on Romans 5.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Lev 19:18Commentary on Romans 9.31 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Lev 19:18Apostolic Church Order 4 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 300
Lev 19:18Homilies 12.26 · Anonymousallusion, low confidence4th century (reworking earlier material)
Lev 19:18Homilies 12.32 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence4th century (reworking earlier material)
Lev 19:18Book 3, lines 498–521 · Juvencusallusion, medium confidenceca. 330
Lev 19:18Book 4, lines 26–50 · Juvencusallusion, high confidenceca. 330
Lev 19:18Demonstration 2.7 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Lev 19:18Demonstration 9.2 · Aphrahatallusion, medium confidence337-345
Lev 19:18On Ecclesiastical Theology 2.19.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Lev 19:18Commentary on Matthew 4 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 353–355
Lev 19:18Commentary on Matthew 19 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 353–355
Lev 19:18Commentary on Matthew 23 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 353–355
Lev 19:18On the Trinity 9.24 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 356–360
Lev 19:18On Saint Athanasius 2.16 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361
Lev 19:18Tractates on the Psalms 118.21.6 · Hilary of Poitiersquotation, high confidenceca. 360–367
Lev 19:18Commentary on Galatians 5.14 · Marius Victorinusquotation, high confidenceca. 360–363
Lev 19:18Homilies 7.1 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 363-378
Lev 19:18Commentary on 2 Corinthians 8:13 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Lev 19:18Commentary on Galatians 5:14 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Lev 19:18Commentary on Romans 12:17 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Lev 19:18Commentary on Romans 13:8–9 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 366–384
Lev 19:18Letter 132.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Lev 19:18Letter 132.19 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Lev 19:18Apostolic Constitutions 2.25.3 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lev 19:18Apostolic Constitutions 2.36.4 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lev 19:18Apostolic Constitutions 6.23.1 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lev 19:18Apostolic Constitutions 7.2.1 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lev 19:18Homily 7 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, high confidenceca. 379–394
Lev 19:18On the Duties of the Clergy 1.50 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386–390
Lev 19:18Exposition of Psalm 118 17.10.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lev 19:18Letter 177.10 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Lev 19:18Letter 189.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Lev 19:18Letter 196.16 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Lev 19:18Letter 204.5 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Lev 19:18Letter 233.1 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Lev 19:18Homilies on Matthew 18.3 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Lev 19:18Homilies on Matthew 71.1 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Lev 19:18Commentary on Ephesians 5:33 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 386
Lev 19:18Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.19.3 · Ambroseecho, low confidenceca. 387-397
Lev 19:18On the Catholic Way of Life and the Manichaean Way of Life 1.28 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 387–389
Lev 19:18Tractates on Matthew 12.1 · Chromatius of Aquileiaallusion, high confidenceca. 388–407
Lev 19:18Sermon 74.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Lev 19:18Sermon 85.1 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430
Lev 19:18Sermon 385.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidenceca. 391-430
Lev 19:18The Lord's Sermon on the Mount 1.21 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 393–396
Lev 19:18On Lying 9 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 395
Lev 19:18On the Faith against the Manichaeans 39 · Evodius of Uzalisallusion, high confidenceca. 400-424
Lev 19:18On Christian Doctrine 1.22 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, medium confidenceBooks 1–3 ca. 396–397; completed 426–427
Lev 19:18The Harmony of the Gospels 2.141 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 399–400
Lev 19:18Literal Commentary on Genesis 12.6 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, medium confidenceca. 401–415
Lev 19:18Tractates on the Gospel of John 65.1 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 406–420
Lev 19:18Tractates on the Gospel of John 65.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 406–420
Lev 19:18On the Christian Life 8 · Fastidiusquotation, high confidenceca. 411-430
Lev 19:18City of God 1.20 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Lev 19:18Apologetic Book 31.4 · Orosiusquotation, high confidenceca. 415–416
Lev 19:18Letter 3, chapter 4 · Zosimus, bishop of Romequotation, medium confidence417–418
Lev 19:18The Institutes 8.15 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 419–426
Lev 19:18Commonitorium 1.151–180 · Orientius of Auchquotation, high confidenceca. 420-450
Lev 19:18Book 2, section 13 · Seduliusquotation, high confidenceca. 425-450
Lev 19:18The Conferences 19.14 · John Cassianallusion, high confidenceca. 426–429

Leviticus 19:19

You are to keep My statutes. You shall not crossbreed two different kinds of livestock; you shall not sow your fields with two kinds of seed; and you shall not wear clothing made of two kinds of material.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:19Hexameron (Exameron) 5.9 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-390
Lev 19:19Against Faustus the Manichaean 6.1 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, medium confidenceca. 398–400

Leviticus 19:20

If a man lies carnally with a slave girl promised to another man but who has not been redeemed or given her freedom, there must be due punishment. But they are not to be put to death, because she had not been freed.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:20On Modesty 20 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 210–220
Lev 19:20–37Leviticus, lines 174–199 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Leviticus 19:23

When you enter the land and plant any kind of tree for food, you shall regard the fruit as forbidden. For three years it will be forbidden to you and must not be eaten.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:23Miscellanies 2.18.95 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203
Lev 19:23–24Commentary on John 6.144 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248

Leviticus 19:24

In the fourth year all its fruit must be consecrated as a praise offering to the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:24Miscellanies 2.18.95 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203
Lev 19:24Commentary on John 6.145 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 230–248

Leviticus 19:26

You must not eat anything with blood still in it. You must not practice divination or sorcery.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:26Homilies on Numbers 16.7 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 19:26Against Celsus 4.95 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Lev 19:26To Quirinus 3.82 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Lev 19:26Apostolic Constitutions 2.62.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lev 19:26Apostolic Constitutions 7.6.2 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 380

Leviticus 19:27

You must not cut off the hair at the sides of your head or clip off the edges of your beard.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:27Commentary on Matthew 15.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 246–248
Lev 19:27To Quirinus 3.83 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Lev 19:27To Quirinus 3.84 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Lev 19:27On the Lapsed 30 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence251
Lev 19:27Apostolic Constitutions 1.3.9 · Anonymousquotation, medium confidenceca. 380

Leviticus 19:29

You must not defile your daughter by making her a prostitute, or the land will be prostituted and filled with depravity.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:29The Instructor 3.3.22 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 190–200

Leviticus 19:31

You must not turn to mediums or spiritists; do not seek them out, or you will be defiled by them. I am the LORD your God.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:31Homilies on Numbers 16.7 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lev 19:31Against Celsus 1.26 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Lev 19:31Against Celsus 5.9 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Lev 19:31On the Witch of Endor 11 · Eustathius of Antiochquotation, high confidenceca. 324–337
Lev 19:31Apostolic Constitutions 2.62.2 · Anonymousquotation, medium confidenceca. 380

Leviticus 19:32

You are to rise in the presence of the elderly, honor the aged, and fear your God. I am the LORD.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:32To Quirinus 3.85 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)
Lev 19:32Preparation for the Gospel 8.8.40 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Lev 19:32On Saint Athanasius 1.4 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361

Leviticus 19:34

You must treat the foreigner living among you as native-born and love him as yourself, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:34Miscellanies 2.18.88 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203

Leviticus 19:35

You must not use dishonest measures of length, weight, or volume.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:35Miscellanies 5.5.30 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 198–203
Lev 19:35–36On Saint Athanasius 1.4 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361

Leviticus 19:36

You shall maintain honest scales and weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lev 19:36The Conferences 21.22 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429