Lamentations 4 in the early church
76 passages quote, allude to, or echo Lamentations 4, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 4 · 5 · 7 · 9 · 10 · 15 · 16 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22
Lamentations 4:1
How the gold has become tarnished, the pure gold has become dull! The gems of the temple lie scattered on every street corner.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:1 | Liber Orsiesii 46 · Orsiesius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Lam 4:1 | Homily 2 · Gregory of Nyssa | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390–394 |
Lamentations 4:2
How the precious sons of Zion, once worth their weight in pure gold, are now esteemed as jars of clay, the work of a potter’s hands!
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:2 | Homilies on Numbers 9.6 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lam 4:2 | Letter 44 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Lam 4:2 | Oration 6.17 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Lam 4:2 | Oration 22.2 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Lamentations 4:4
The nursing infant’s tongue clings in thirst to the roof of his mouth. Little children beg for bread, but no one gives them any.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:4 | Letter 22.21 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Lamentations 4:5
Those who once ate delicacies are destitute in the streets; those brought up in crimson huddle in ash heaps.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:5 | Oration 6.17 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Lamentations 4:7
Her dignitaries were brighter than snow, whiter than milk; their bodies were more ruddy than rubies, their appearance like sapphires.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:7 | Apocalypse of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 8 · Anonymous | echo, low confidence | ca. 100–150 |
| Lam 4:7 | Against Marcion 4.8 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Lam 4:7–8 | Letter 44 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Lam 4:7 | Oration 15.9 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Lamentations 4:9
Those slain by the sword are better off than those who die of hunger, who waste away, pierced with pain because the fields lack produce.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:9 | Exposition of Psalm 118 9.5.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lam 4:9 | Commentary on Jeremiah 4.30 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
Lamentations 4:10
The hands of compassionate women have cooked their own children, who became their food in the destruction of the daughter of my people.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:10 | Oration 6.17 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Lam 4:10 | Hexameron (Exameron) 5.7 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Lam 4:10 | Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 9 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Lamentations 4:15
“Go away! Unclean!” men shouted at them. “Away, away! Do not touch us!” So they fled and wandered. Among the nations it was said, “They can stay here no longer.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:15 | Demonstration 19.5 · Aphrahat | quotation, medium confidence | 337-345 |
Lamentations 4:16
The presence of the LORD has scattered them; He regards them no more. The priests are shown no honor; the elders find no favor.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:16 | Demonstration 15.6 · Aphrahat | quotation, medium confidence | 337-345 |
| Lam 4:16 | Exposition of Psalm 118 17.4.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
Lamentations 4:18
They stalked our every step, so that we could not walk in our streets. Our end drew near, our time ran out, for our end had come!
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:18 | Exposition of Psalm 118 19.3.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
Lamentations 4:19
Those who chased us were swifter than the eagles in the sky; they pursued us over the mountains and ambushed us in the wilderness.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:19 | Exposition of Psalm 118 19.3.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lam 4:19 | On Fleeing the World 58 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
Lamentations 4:20
The LORD’s anointed, the breath of our life, was captured in their pits. We had said of him, “Under his shadow we will live among the nations.”
Lamentations 4:21
So rejoice and be glad, O Daughter of Edom, you who dwell in the land of Uz. Yet the cup will pass to you as well; you will get drunk and expose yourself.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:21 | Exposition of Psalm 118 19.4.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lam 4:21 | Exposition of Psalm 118 21.4.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
Lamentations 4:22
O Daughter of Zion, your punishment is complete; He will not prolong your exile. But He will punish your iniquity, O Daughter of Edom; He will expose your sins.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 4:22 | Exposition of Psalm 118 9.5.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lam 4:22 | Exposition of Psalm 118 19.4.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lam 4:22 | Exposition of Psalm 118 22.4.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lam 4:22 | Exposition of Psalm 118 22.4.2 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |