Lamentations 4 in the early church

76 passages quote, allude to, or echo Lamentations 4, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 4 · 5 · 7 · 9 · 10 · 15 · 16 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22

Lamentations 4:1

How the gold has become tarnished, the pure gold has become dull! The gems of the temple lie scattered on every street corner.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:1Liber Orsiesii 46 · Orsiesiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380-390
Lam 4:1Homily 2 · Gregory of Nyssaquotation, high confidenceca. 390–394

Lamentations 4:2

How the precious sons of Zion, once worth their weight in pure gold, are now esteemed as jars of clay, the work of a potter’s hands!

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:2Homilies on Numbers 9.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lam 4:2Letter 44 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 357–378
Lam 4:2Oration 6.17 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Lam 4:2Oration 22.2 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383

Lamentations 4:4

The nursing infant’s tongue clings in thirst to the roof of his mouth. Little children beg for bread, but no one gives them any.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:4Letter 22.21 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419

Lamentations 4:5

Those who once ate delicacies are destitute in the streets; those brought up in crimson huddle in ash heaps.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:5Oration 6.17 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383

Lamentations 4:7

Her dignitaries were brighter than snow, whiter than milk; their bodies were more ruddy than rubies, their appearance like sapphires.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:7Apocalypse of Peter (Akhmim fragment) 8 · Anonymousecho, low confidenceca. 100–150
Lam 4:7Against Marcion 4.8 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Lam 4:7–8Letter 44 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 357–378
Lam 4:7Oration 15.9 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383

Lamentations 4:9

Those slain by the sword are better off than those who die of hunger, who waste away, pierced with pain because the fields lack produce.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:9Exposition of Psalm 118 9.5.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lam 4:9Commentary on Jeremiah 4.30 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 414-419

Lamentations 4:10

The hands of compassionate women have cooked their own children, who became their food in the destruction of the daughter of my people.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:10Oration 6.17 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383
Lam 4:10Hexameron (Exameron) 5.7 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-390
Lam 4:10Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 9 · Polychronius of Apameaquotation, high confidenceca. 400-430

Lamentations 4:15

“Go away! Unclean!” men shouted at them. “Away, away! Do not touch us!” So they fled and wandered. Among the nations it was said, “They can stay here no longer.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:15Demonstration 19.5 · Aphrahatquotation, medium confidence337-345

Lamentations 4:16

The presence of the LORD has scattered them; He regards them no more. The priests are shown no honor; the elders find no favor.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:16Demonstration 15.6 · Aphrahatquotation, medium confidence337-345
Lam 4:16Exposition of Psalm 118 17.4.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397

Lamentations 4:18

They stalked our every step, so that we could not walk in our streets. Our end drew near, our time ran out, for our end had come!

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:18Exposition of Psalm 118 19.3.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397

Lamentations 4:19

Those who chased us were swifter than the eagles in the sky; they pursued us over the mountains and ambushed us in the wilderness.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:19Exposition of Psalm 118 19.3.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lam 4:19On Fleeing the World 58 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-391

Lamentations 4:20

The LORD’s anointed, the breath of our life, was captured in their pits. We had said of him, “Under his shadow we will live among the nations.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:20First Apology 55 · Justin Martyrquotation, high confidenceca. 150–155
Lam 4:20Against Heresies 3.10.2 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190
Lam 4:20Excerpts from Theodotus 18.2 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 200
Lam 4:20Against Marcion 3.6 · Tertullianquotation, medium confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Lam 4:20Against Praxeas 14 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 213 or later
Lam 4:20On First Principles 2.6.7 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Lam 4:20On First Principles 4.3.13 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Lam 4:20Fragments on the Song of Songs, chapter 2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220-254
Lam 4:20Commentary on John 2.50 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Lam 4:20Homilies on Joshua 8.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lam 4:20Homilies on Numbers 27.12 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Lam 4:20Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.182 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Lam 4:20Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.234 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Lam 4:20Homily on the Song of Songs 2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 240–250
Lam 4:20Commentary on Matthew 15.12 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 246–248
Lam 4:20Commentary on Romans 6.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Lam 4:20Letter of the six bishops to Paul 6 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 264–269
Lam 4:20Church History 1.3.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 300–325
Lam 4:20Prophetic Extracts 3.38 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Lam 4:20Demonstration of the Gospel 4.16.36 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Lam 4:20Demonstration of the Gospel 4.16.37 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 314–324
Lam 4:20Demonstration of the Gospel 4.16.41 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Lam 4:20On Ecclesiastical Theology 1.20.75 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Lam 4:20On Ecclesiastical Theology 2.1.4 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Lam 4:20On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.5.20 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Lam 4:20Catechetical Lecture 13.7 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Lam 4:20Catechetical Lecture 17.33 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Lam 4:20On the Trinity 11.17 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, medium confidenceca. 356–360
Lam 4:20Letters to Serapion 4.19 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 357–360
Lam 4:20Against Eunomius 3.1 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 364
Lam 4:20On the Holy Spirit 19.48 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 374–375
Lam 4:20Apostolic Constitutions 5.20.3 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lam 4:20Apostolic Constitutions 5.20.12 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Lam 4:20Liber Orsiesii 5 · Orsiesiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380-390
Lam 4:20Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 42 · Evagrius of Gaulquotation, high confidenceca. 400
Lam 4:20Exposition of Psalm 118 3.18.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lam 4:20Exposition of Psalm 118 15.5.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lam 4:20Exposition of Psalm 118 19.4.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lam 4:20Exposition of Psalm 118 20.5.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lam 4:20Letter 147.18 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Lam 4:20Letter 147.35 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Lam 4:20Letter 147.52 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Lam 4:20On the Mysteries 9 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387–391
Lam 4:20Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.36.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Lam 4:20Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 19 · Rufinus of Aquileiaquotation, high confidenceca. 404
Lam 4:20City of God 18.33 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Lam 4:20Part 3, chapter 21 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Lamentations 4:21

So rejoice and be glad, O Daughter of Edom, you who dwell in the land of Uz. Yet the cup will pass to you as well; you will get drunk and expose yourself.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:21Exposition of Psalm 118 19.4.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lam 4:21Exposition of Psalm 118 21.4.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397

Lamentations 4:22

O Daughter of Zion, your punishment is complete; He will not prolong your exile. But He will punish your iniquity, O Daughter of Edom; He will expose your sins.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Lam 4:22Exposition of Psalm 118 9.5.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lam 4:22Exposition of Psalm 118 19.4.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lam 4:22Exposition of Psalm 118 22.4.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Lam 4:22Exposition of Psalm 118 22.4.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397