Job 31 in the early church

70 passages quote, allude to, or echo Job 31, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 11 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 40

Job 31:1

“I have made a covenant with my eyes. How then could I gaze with desire at a virgin?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:1On Proverbs, fragment 13 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–235
Job 31:1Against the Manichees, Greek continuation of book 3, Lagarde p. 89 · Titus of Bostraquotation, high confidenceca. 360s
Job 31:1Homilies on Matthew 17.1 · John Chrysostomallusion, high confidenceca. 390
Job 31:1Homilies on Matthew 33.6 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Job 31:1Commonitorium 1.421–450 · Orientius of Auchecho, low confidenceca. 420-450

Job 31:5

If I have walked in falsehood or my foot has rushed to deceit,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:5–6Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.16 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:5–6Apostolic Constitutions 2.61.2 · Anonymousquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Job 31:6

let God weigh me with honest scales, that He may know my integrity.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:6–7On Saint Athanasius 1.40 · Lucifer of Cagliariquotation, high confidenceca. 356–361

Job 31:7

If my steps have turned from the path, if my heart has followed my eyes, or if impurity has stuck to my hands,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:7On the Singleness of Clerics 28 · Anonymousquotation, high confidence3rd cent. (disputed)
Job 31:7Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.18 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:7–8Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.20 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:7–11Tractates on Matthew 9.1 · Chromatius of Aquileiaquotation, high confidenceca. 388–407

Job 31:8

then may another eat what I have sown, and may my crops be uprooted.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:8Oration 14.18 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, high confidenceca. 362–383

Job 31:9

If my heart has been enticed by my neighbor’s wife, or I have lurked at his door,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:9Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.18 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324

Job 31:11

For that would be a heinous crime, an iniquity to be judged.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:11–12Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.19 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324

Job 31:13

If I have rejected the cause of my manservant or maidservant when they made a complaint against me,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:13Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.21 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:13Long recension, Philadelphians 4 · Anonymousallusion, high confidencelater 4th century (probable)
Job 31:13Long recension, Antiochians 10 · Anonymousquotation, high confidencelater 4th century (probable)

Job 31:14

what will I do when God rises to judge? How will I answer when called to account?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:14–15Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.22 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:14Long recension, Antiochians 10 · Anonymousquotation, high confidencelater 4th century (probable)

Job 31:15

Did not He who made me in the womb also make them? Did not the same One form us in the womb?

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:15On Naboth 54 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 386-390

Job 31:16

If I have denied the desires of the poor or allowed the widow’s eyes to fail,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:16–19Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.23 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:16–22Demonstration 20.15 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Job 31:16Oration I Against the Arians 63 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 339–346
Job 31:16On Naboth 57 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
Job 31:16Homilies on Matthew 74.4 · John Chrysostomallusion, medium confidenceca. 390
Job 31:16–17Tractates 0 · Gaudentius of Bresciaallusion, medium confidenceca. 397-410

Job 31:17

if I have eaten my morsel alone, not sharing it with the fatherless—

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:17On Naboth 57 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
Job 31:17On the Duties of the Clergy 1.39 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 386–390

Job 31:18

though from my youth I reared him as would a father, and from my mother’s womb I guided the widow—

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:18On Naboth 57 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390

Job 31:19

if I have seen one perish for lack of clothing, or a needy man without a cloak,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:19On Naboth 57 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390

Job 31:20

if his heart has not blessed me for warming him with the fleece of my sheep,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:20On Naboth 57 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
Job 31:20On the Duties of the Clergy 1.11 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386–390
Job 31:20The Conferences 6.10 · John Cassianallusion, high confidenceca. 426–429

Job 31:21

if I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless because I saw that I had support in the gate,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:21On Naboth 57 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390

Job 31:24

If I have put my trust in gold or called pure gold my security,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:24–25Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.24 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:24Homilies on Matthew 33.6 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390

Job 31:25

if I have rejoiced in my great wealth because my hand had gained so much,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:25On Naboth 57 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
Job 31:25Homilies on Matthew 21.1 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390
Job 31:25Homilies on Matthew 33.6 · John Chrysostomquotation, high confidenceca. 390

Job 31:26

if I have beheld the sun in its radiance or the moon moving in splendor,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:26Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.25 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:26–28Apology against Rufinus 1.19 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 401–402

Job 31:27

so that my heart was secretly enticed and my hand threw a kiss from my mouth,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:27Exhortation to Martyrdom 33 · Origenquotation, high confidence235

Job 31:28

this would also be an iniquity to be judged, for I would have denied God on high.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:28Exhortation to Martyrdom 33 · Origenquotation, high confidence235

Job 31:29

If I have rejoiced in my enemy’s ruin, or exulted when evil befell him—

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:29–30Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.26 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:29On Naboth 57 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-390
Job 31:29–30Tractates on Matthew 12.1 · Chromatius of Aquileiaquotation, high confidenceca. 388–407
Job 31:29The Conferences 6.10 · John Cassianallusion, high confidenceca. 426–429

Job 31:32

but no stranger had to lodge on the street, for my door has been open to the traveler—

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:32Life of Cyprian 3 · Anonymousallusion, low confidenceca. 258–265
Job 31:32Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.27 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:32Demonstration 20.15 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Job 31:32Oration 8.10 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Job 31:32On Naboth 57 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
Job 31:32On the Duties of the Clergy 1.11 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386–390
Job 31:32On the Duties of the Clergy 1.32 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386–390

Job 31:33

if I have covered my transgressions like Adam by hiding my guilt in my heart,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:33Commentary on Romans 3.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Job 31:33–37Demonstration of the Gospel 1.6.28 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Job 31:33On Naboth 57 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
Job 31:33On the Duties of the Clergy 1.39 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
Job 31:33–34Sermon 392.3 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 391-430

Job 31:34

because I greatly feared the crowds and the contempt of the clans terrified me, so that I kept silent and would not go outside—

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:34Commentary on Romans 3.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Job 31:34Homilies 20.7 · Basil of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 363-378
Job 31:34On Naboth 57 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-390
Job 31:34On the Duties of the Clergy 1.39 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386–390
Job 31:34–39Tractates on Matthew 11.4 · Chromatius of Aquileiaquotation, medium confidenceca. 388–407

Job 31:35

(Oh, that I had one to hear me! Here is my signature. Let the Almighty answer me; let my accuser compose an indictment.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:35On Tobit 58 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 380-390

Job 31:36

Surely I would carry it on my shoulder and wear it like a crown.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:36On the Duties of the Clergy 1.32 · Ambroseallusion, low confidenceca. 386–390

Job 31:37

I would give account of all my steps; I would approach Him like a prince.)—

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:37On Tobit 58 · Ambrosequotation, medium confidenceca. 380-390

Job 31:40

then let briers grow instead of wheat and stinkweed instead of barley.” Thus conclude the words of Job.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Job 31:40Oration 14.18 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Job 31:40Letters 10.2 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, medium confidenceca. 394–413