Ezekiel 28 in the early church

[Vulgate: Ezechiel]

135 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ezekiel 28, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 21 · 22 · 24 · 25 · 26

Ezekiel 28:1

And the word of the LORD came to me, saying,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:1–19On First Principles 4.3.9 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:1–19Part 2, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthageallusion, medium confidenceca. 445-450

Ezekiel 28:2

“Son of man, tell the ruler of Tyre that this is what the Lord GOD says: Your heart is proud, and you have said, ‘I am a god; I sit in the seat of gods in the heart of the sea.’ Yet you are a man and not a god, though you have regarded your heart as that of a god.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:2On Christ and Antichrist 18 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:2On Christ and Antichrist 53 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:2Commentary on Daniel 4.12-13 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 202-204
Ezek 28:2–19On First Principles 3.2.1 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:2–19On First Principles 3.3.2 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:2–19Against Celsus 6.43 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 248
Ezek 28:2Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 4 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Ezek 28:2Preparation for the Gospel 7.16.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Ezek 28:2On the Witch of Endor 10 · Eustathius of Antiochquotation, high confidenceca. 324–337
Ezek 28:2Oration III Against the Arians 24 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 339–346
Ezek 28:2Letters to Serapion 2.4 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 357–360
Ezek 28:2Against Parmenian the Donatist 3.3 · Optatus of Milevisquotation, high confidenceca. 366–385
Ezek 28:2Commentary on 1 Corinthians 11:5–7 · Ambrosiasterallusion, low confidenceca. 366–384
Ezek 28:2Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:2Part 4, chapter 11 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Ezekiel 28:3

Behold, you are wiser than Daniel; no secret is hidden from you!

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:3On Christ and Antichrist 18 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:3Against Celsus 3.45 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Ezek 28:3Against Marcellus 2.1.11 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 336–337
Ezek 28:3Against Parmenian the Donatist 3.3 · Optatus of Milevisquotation, high confidenceca. 366–385
Ezek 28:3Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:3On Paradise 22 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 375-378
Ezek 28:3On the Duties of the Clergy 2.11 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386–390
Ezek 28:3On the Duties of the Clergy 3.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386–390
Ezek 28:3Exposition of Psalm 118 2.17.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Ezek 28:3Letter 111.4 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ezek 28:3Letter 157.2 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 386–430
Ezek 28:3On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins 2.13 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence411–412

Ezekiel 28:4

By your wisdom and understanding you have gained your wealth and amassed gold and silver for your treasuries.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:4On Christ and Antichrist 18 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:4Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:4On the Governance of God 7.59 · Salvian of Marseillesquotation, high confidenceca. 439-451
Ezek 28:4On the Governance of God 7.60 · Salvian of Marseillesquotation, high confidenceca. 439-451

Ezekiel 28:5

By your great skill in trading you have increased your wealth, but your heart has grown proud because of it.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:5On Christ and Antichrist 18 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:5Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:5On the Governance of God 7.59 · Salvian of Marseillesquotation, medium confidenceca. 439-451

Ezekiel 28:6

Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: Because you regard your heart as the heart of a god,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:6On Christ and Antichrist 18 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:6Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Ezekiel 28:7

behold, I will bring foreigners against you, the most ruthless of nations. They will draw their swords against the beauty of your wisdom and will defile your splendor.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:7On Christ and Antichrist 18 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:7Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Ezekiel 28:8

They will bring you down to the Pit, and you will die a violent death in the heart of the seas.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:8On Christ and Antichrist 18 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:8Against Parmenian the Donatist 3.3 · Optatus of Milevisallusion, medium confidenceca. 366–385
Ezek 28:8Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Ezekiel 28:9

Will you still say, ‘I am a god,’ in the presence of those who slay you? You will be only a man, not a god, in the hands of those who wound you.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:9On Christ and Antichrist 18 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:9On Christ and Antichrist 53 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:9Commentary on Daniel 4.12-13 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 202-204
Ezek 28:9Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Ezekiel 28:10

You will die the death of the uncircumcised at the hands of foreigners. For I have spoken, declares the Lord GOD.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:10On Christ and Antichrist 18 · Hippolytus of Romequotation, high confidenceca. 200–215
Ezek 28:10Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380

Ezekiel 28:12

“Son of man, take up a lament for the king of Tyre and tell him that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘You were the seal of perfection, full of wisdom and perfect in beauty.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:12Against Marcion 2.10 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 28:12On First Principles 1.5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:12Homilies on Ezekiel 1.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Ezek 28:12Homilies on Ezekiel 13.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Ezek 28:12Homilies on Ezekiel 13.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Ezek 28:12–19Against Celsus 6.44 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 248
Ezek 28:12Preparation for the Gospel 7.16.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Ezek 28:12–13Catechetical Lecture 2.4 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Ezek 28:12Letter 21.24 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 28:12Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:12–13On Paradise 9 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 375-378
Ezek 28:12–15Literal Commentary on Genesis 11.25 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidenceca. 401–415
Ezek 28:12The Conferences 8.8 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Ezek 28:12On the Governance of God 7.59 · Salvian of Marseillesquotation, high confidenceca. 439-451
Ezek 28:12–15Part 4, chapter 1 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Ezekiel 28:13

You were in Eden, the garden of God. Every kind of precious stone adorned you: ruby, topaz, and diamond, beryl, onyx, and jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and emerald. Your mountings and settings were crafted in gold, prepared on the day of your creation.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:13Against Marcion 2.10 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 28:13On First Principles 1.5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:13On First Principles 1.8.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:13Homilies on Ezekiel 13.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Ezek 28:13Homilies on Ezekiel 13.2 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Ezek 28:13Homilies on Ezekiel 13.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Ezek 28:13Preparation for the Gospel 7.16.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Ezek 28:13–17Commentary on 1 Corinthians 13:2 · Ambrosiasterallusion, high confidenceca. 366–384
Ezek 28:13–17Question 2, section 2 · Ambrosiasterallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–384
Ezek 28:13Letter 21.24 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 28:13Letter 22.4 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 28:13Letter 64.16 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 28:13Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:13–16Against Jovinianus 2.4 · Jeromeallusion, high confidence393
Ezek 28:13City of God 11.15 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Ezek 28:13The Conferences 8.8 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Ezek 28:13On the Governance of God 7.59 · Salvian of Marseillesquotation, high confidenceca. 439-451

Ezekiel 28:14

You were anointed as a guardian cherub, for I had ordained you. You were on the holy mountain of God; you walked among the fiery stones.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:14Against Marcion 2.10 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 28:14On First Principles 1.5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:14On First Principles 1.8.3 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:14Homilies on Ezekiel 13.1 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Ezek 28:14Commentary on Romans 5.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ezek 28:14Preparation for the Gospel 7.16.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Ezek 28:14Letters to Serapion 1.25 · Athanasius of Alexandriaallusion, medium confidenceca. 357–360
Ezek 28:14Commentary on Ephesians 3.10 · Marius Victorinusallusion, low confidenceca. 360–363
Ezek 28:14Question 27, section 2 · Ambrosiasterallusion, low confidenceca. 370–384
Ezek 28:14Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:14The Conferences 8.8 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Ezekiel 28:15

From the day you were created you were blameless in your ways—until wickedness was found in you.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:15Against Marcion 2.10 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 28:15On First Principles 1.5.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:15PG 12:1161 (Ps 4 LXX) · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Ezek 28:15Homilies on Ezekiel 1.3 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)
Ezek 28:15Commentary on Matthew 15.27 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 246–248
Ezek 28:15Commentary on Romans 5.1 · Origenquotation, medium confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ezek 28:15Commentary on Romans 5.10 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ezek 28:15Preparation for the Gospel 7.16.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Ezek 28:15Catechetical Lecture 2.4 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Ezek 28:15Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:15City of God 11.15 · Augustine of Hippoquotation, high confidence413–426
Ezek 28:15The Conferences 8.8 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Ezekiel 28:16

By the vastness of your trade, you were filled with violence, and you sinned. So I drove you in disgrace from the mountain of God, and I banished you, O guardian cherub, from among the fiery stones.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:16Against Marcion 2.10 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Ezek 28:16On First Principles 1.5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:16Letter 78.22 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Ezek 28:16Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:16Liber Orsiesii 31 · Orsiesiusallusion, low confidenceca. 380-390
Ezek 28:16The Conferences 8.8 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Ezek 28:16–18Part 4, chapter 3 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Ezekiel 28:17

Your heart grew proud of your beauty; you corrupted your wisdom because of your splendor; so I cast you to the earth; I made you a spectacle before kings.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:17On First Principles 1.5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:17Commentary on Romans 5.1 · Origenquotation, medium confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ezek 28:17Preparation for the Gospel 7.16.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Ezek 28:17Catechetical Lecture 2.4 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Ezek 28:17Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:17The Conferences 8.8 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Ezek 28:17On the Governance of God 7.60 · Salvian of Marseillesquotation, high confidenceca. 439-451
Ezek 28:17Part 4, chapter 2 · Quodvultdeus of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 445-450

Ezekiel 28:18

By the multitude of your iniquities and the dishonesty of your trading you have profaned your sanctuaries. So I made fire come from within you, and it consumed you. I reduced you to ashes on the ground in the eyes of all who saw you.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:18On First Principles 1.5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:18Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:18The Conferences 8.8 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429
Ezek 28:18On the Governance of God 7.61 · Salvian of Marseillesquotation, high confidenceca. 439-451

Ezekiel 28:19

All the nations who know you are appalled over you. You have come to a horrible end and will be no more.’”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:19On First Principles 1.5.4 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Ezek 28:19Commentary on John 20.174 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 230–248
Ezek 28:19Homilies on Leviticus 4.5 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Ezek 28:19Commentary on Romans 5.6 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406)
Ezek 28:19Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Ezek 28:19Apology against Rufinus 2.7 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 401–402
Ezek 28:19On the Governance of God 7.61 · Salvian of Marseillesquotation, high confidenceca. 439-451

Ezekiel 28:21

“Son of man, set your face against Sidon and prophesy against her.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:21Homilies on Ezekiel 13.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)

Ezekiel 28:22

And you are to declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Behold, I am against you, O Sidon, and I will be glorified within you. They will know that I am the LORD when I execute judgments against her and demonstrate My holiness through her.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:22Homilies on Ezekiel 13.4 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s)

Ezekiel 28:24

For the people of Israel will no longer face a pricking brier or a painful thorn from all around them who treat them with contempt. Then they will know that I am the Lord GOD.’

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:24Liber Orsiesii 47 · Orsiesiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380-390

Ezekiel 28:25

This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘When I gather the house of Israel from the peoples among whom they have been scattered, I will show Myself holy among them in the sight of the nations. Then they will dwell in their own land, which I have given to My servant Jacob.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:25Against Heresies 5.34.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190

Ezekiel 28:26

And there they will dwell securely, build houses, and plant vineyards. They will dwell securely when I execute judgments against all those around them who treat them with contempt. Then they will know that I am the LORD their God.’”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Ezek 28:26Against Heresies 5.34.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, high confidenceca. 180–190