Interpretation of 2 Timothy 4.5–4.18
Greek text: PG 82.English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Chapter 4
4.5PG 82
« Σὺ δὲ, νῆφε ἐν πᾶσι.» ᾿Εγρηγορότα ἔχε τὸν τῆς ἀρετῆς. ε« Ἔργον ποίησον εὐαγγελιστοῦ. » Φέρε μεθ᾽ ἡδονῆς τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐσεβείας κινδύνους. « Τὴν διακονίαν σου πληροφόρησον. » Εἴτε πείθονται, εἴτε καὶ μὴ, πρόσφερε τὴν διδασκαλίαν. Οὕτω γὰρ τὸ τῇ διακονίᾳ πρέπον ἔργον ἐπιτελέσεις. Εἶτα διδάσκει τίνος ἕνεκεν πολλὰς αὐτῷ καὶ περὶ πολλῶν παραινέσεις προσήνεγκεν. ᾿
« Sy de, nēphe en pasi.» ᾿Egrēgorota eche ton tēs aretēs. e« Ergon poiēson euangelistou. » Phere meth᾽ hēdonēs tous hyper tēs eusebeias kindynous. « Tēn diakonian sou plērophorēson. » Eite peithontai, eite kai mē, prosphere tēn didaskalian. Houtō gar to tę̄ diakonią prepon ergon epiteleseis. Eita didaskei tinos heneken pollas autǭ kai peri pollōn paraineseis prosēnenken. ᾿
“But you, be sober in all things.” Keep your [mind] awake for virtue. “Do the work of an evangelist.” Bear with pleasure the dangers on behalf of godliness. “Fulfil your ministry.” Whether they are persuaded or not, offer the teaching; for so you will accomplish the work that befits the ministry. Then he teaches why he offered him many exhortations about many things.
2 Tim 4:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodoret glosses Paul's charges to be watchful, to do the work of an evangelist, and to fulfil his ministry whether or not the hearers are persuaded.
- A word is lost after “Keep your” (supplied by sense in brackets). The lemma “endure hardship” of 2 Tim 4:5 is missing from the scan, though the comment “Bear with pleasure the dangers” seems to explain it. Quotation: 2 Tim 4:5.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip; OCR slips and column letter; marginal verse numeral): ε΄. « Σὺ → « Σὺ; Φέρι → Φέρε; εὐσεθείας κινδύνου:. Ὁ « → εὐσεβείας κινδύνους. «; σαν πληροφόρησον → σου πληροφόρησον; {“ἴτε → Εἴτε; διδὴ, σχει → διδάσκει.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. 2 Tim. 4.5 (PG 82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 82 (archive.org OCR); no public-domain English exists, so each section was re-read against the Greek.
4.6PG 82
« Ἐγὼ γὰρ ἤδη σπένδομαι, καὶ ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἐμῆς ἀναλύσεως ἐφέστηκε.» Παρ' αὐτὸ ἕστηκα τῶν ἀγώνων τὸ τέλος. Σπονδὴν δὲ αὐτοῦ τὴν σφαγὴν προσηγόρευσεν, ὡς ὑπὲρ εὐσεβείας ἐκχεομένου τοῦ αἵματος. « Τὸν ἀγῶνα τὸν καλὸν ἠγώνισμαι. » Πρὸς γὰρ ἅπαν τοῦ διαβόλου τὸ στῖφος παραταξάμενος, τὸ τρόπαιον ἔστησα. ε Τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα.» Τῆς γὰρ γῆς καὶ τῆς θαλάττης τὸ πλεῖστον περιδραμὼν, τοὺς τῷ σκότει τῆς ἀγνωσίας κατεχομένους «Τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα.» Οὐδεὶς γὰρ ταύτην ἐσύλησεν, οὐ δῆμος, οὐ δημαγωγὸς, οὐ βασιλεὺς, οὐ τύραννος, οὐκ αὐτὸς ὁ διάβολος. Δείκνυσι δὲ καὶ τῶν ἀγώνων τὰ ἄθλα.,
« Egō gar ēdē spendomai, kai ho kairos tēs emēs analyseōs ephestēke.» Par' auto hestēka tōn agōnōn to telos. Spondēn de autou tēn sphagēn prosēgoreusen, hōs hyper eusebeias ekcheomenou tou haimatos. « Ton agōna ton kalon ēgōnismai. » Pros gar hapan tou diabolou to stiphos parataxamenos, to tropaion estēsa. e Ton dromon teteleka.» Tēs gar gēs kai tēs thalattēs to pleiston peridramōn, tous tǭ skotei tēs agnōsias katechomenous «Tēn pistin tetērēka.» Oudeis gar tautēn esylēsen, ou dēmos, ou dēmagōgos, ou basileus, ou tyrannos, ouk autos ho diabolos. Deiknysi de kai tōn agōnōn ta athla.,
“For I am already being poured out as a libation, and the time of my departure has come.” I stand close to the very end of the contests. He called his slaughter a libation, since his blood would be poured out for godliness. “I have fought the good fight.” For, drawn up in battle against the whole host of the devil, I have set up the trophy. “I have finished the course.” For having run around most of the land and the sea, [I have enlightened] those held in the darkness of ignorance … “I have kept the faith.” For no one robbed me of it: no people, no demagogue, no emperor, no tyrant, not the devil himself. And he shows also the prizes of the contests.
2 Tim 4:6–7 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodoret explains Paul's images of the libation, the fight, the race, and the faith kept against every opponent as he faces death.
- Ref 4.6 covers 2 Tim 4:6–7. Words are lost in the comment on “I have finished the course” (marked “…”; the bracketed verb is supplied by sense). Quotations: 2 Tim 4:6–7.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip; OCR slips; marginal verse numeral; verse numeral, stray marks and OCR slips; κ read as χ): ς΄. « Ἐγὼ → « Ἐγὼ; Παρ αὐτὸ ἕστηχα → Παρ' αὐτὸ ἕστηκα; Σπογδὴν → Σπονδὴν; εὐσεδείας ἐχχεομένου τὸν αἵματος → εὐσεβείας ἐκχεομένου τοῦ αἵματος; Ὦ κ΄, «Τὸν ἀγῶνᾳ τὸν χαλὸν "Ἷ ἡγώνισμαι.") → « Τὸν ἀγῶνα τὸν καλὸν ἠγώνισμαι. »; διαδόλου τὸ στίφος → διαβόλου τὸ στῖφος; πετέλεχα → τετέλεκα; τοὺ τῷ σκότει → τοὺς τῷ σκότει; ἐσυλησεν → ἐσύλησεν; οὗ βασιλεὺς → οὐ βασιλεὺς; ὁ διάδολος → ὁ διάβολος.
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. 2 Tim. 4.6 (PG 82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 82 (archive.org OCR); no public-domain English exists, so each section was re-read against the Greek.
4.8PG 82
« Λοιπὸν ἀπόκειταί μοι ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος.» Δικαιοσύνης δὲ στέφανον τὸν τοῖς δικαίοις ηὐτρεπισμένον λέγει, τὸν δικαίᾳ ψήφῳ δωρούμενον. «Ὃν ἀποδώσει μοι ὁ Κύριος. » Πότε; ε« Ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ. ν Πόθεν τοῦτο δῆλον; ε Ὁ δίκαιος κριτῆς. » Οἶδα, φησὶν, αὐτὸν δίκαιον οἶδα δὲ καὶ κριτήν " καὶ θαῤῥῶ τῇ κρίσει, καὶ προσμένω τὴν ψῆφον. Εἶτα καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς τῆς εὐσεβείας τροφίμοις προσφέρει παραψυχῆν. «Οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐμοὶ ", ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ.» ᾿Αγάπης γὰρ καιρὸς ἀεί" ἀγαπᾷ δὲ τοῦ Δεσπότου τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν ὁ τοῖς ἐκείνου νόμοις ἀκολουθῶν, καὶ κατ᾽ ἐκείνους πολιτευόμενος, Οὗτος γὰρ μετὰ χρηστῆς ἐλπίδος προσμένει τὸ θεῖον κριτήριον. Ταῦτα δὲ οὐ κομπάζων εἴρηκεν, ἀλλὰ τὸν μαθητὴν προτρέπων ἔχεσθαι τῶν ἀγώνων, ὡς ἀγηράτων προκειμένων στεφάνων. Εἶτα αὐτὸν πρὸς ἑαυτὸν καλεῖ. « Σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν πρός με ταχέως 3". » Τὸ, ταχέως, τὴν ἐκδημίαν αἰνίττεται. Λέγει δὲ καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς
« Loipon apokeitai moi ho tēs dikaiosynēs stephanos.» Dikaiosynēs de stephanon ton tois dikaiois ēutrepismenon legei, ton dikaią psēphǭ dōroumenon. «Hon apodōsei moi ho Kyrios. » Pote? e« En ekeinę̄ tę̄ hēmerą. n Pothen touto dēlon? e Ho dikaios kritēs. » Oida, phēsin, auton dikaion oida de kai kritēn " kai tharrhō tę̄ krisei, kai prosmenō tēn psēphon. Eita kai pasi tois tēs eusebeias trophimois prospherei parapsychēn. «Ou monon de emoi ", alla kai pasi tois ēgapēkosi tēn epiphaneian autou.» ᾿Agapēs gar kairos aei" agapą de tou Despotou tēn epiphaneian ho tois ekeinou nomois akolouthōn, kai kat᾽ ekeinous politeuomenos, Houtos gar meta chrēstēs elpidos prosmenei to theion kritērion. Tauta de ou kompazōn eirēken, alla ton mathētēn protrepōn echesthai tōn agōnōn, hōs agēratōn prokeimenōn stephanōn. Eita auton pros heauton kalei. « Spoudason elthein pros me tacheōs 3". » To, tacheōs, tēn ekdēmian ainittetai. Legei de kai tēn aitian tēs
“Henceforth there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness.” By “crown of righteousness” he means the one prepared for the righteous, the one bestowed by a righteous verdict. “Which the Lord will award me.” When? “On that day.” How is this clear? “The righteous judge.” I know, he says, that he is righteous, and I know also that he is judge; and I am confident about the judgment and await the verdict. Then he offers comfort also to all who have been nurtured in godliness. “And not only to me, but also to all who have loved his appearing.” For it is always the time for love; and he loves the Master’s appearing who follows his laws and lives by them; for such a one awaits the divine judgment with good hope. He said these things not boasting, but urging the disciple to hold to the contests, since unfading crowns are set before him. Then he calls him to himself. “Make every effort to come to me quickly.” The word “quickly” hints at his departure. And he states the cause of the …
2 Tim 4:8–9 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodoret explains the crown of righteousness given by the righteous judge to Paul and to all who love Christ's appearing, and Paul's call for Timothy to come quickly.
- Ref 4.8 covers 2 Tim 4:8–9. Footnotes from Migne's column inside the lemma removed; the section breaks off at the end (marked “…”). Quotations: 2 Tim 4:8–9.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Latin debris from Migne's column; OCR slip; OCR slips; footnote from Migne's column inside the lemma; footnote number; marginal verse numeral and stray mark; κ read as χ): η΄. « Λοιπὸν ᾽ ἀπόκειταί → « Λοιπὸν ἀπόκειταί; δικαιοσυνης »᾽ Τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα --- τ. πέστ. τετήρηκα (δι θ. στέφανος.» → δικαιοσύνης στέφανος.»; τὸν τοῖς Α [υϑι εἴ. » δικαίοις → τὸν τοῖς δικαίοις; δωρούμένον → δωρούμενον; τριτήν → κριτήν; χρίσει → κρίσει; εὐσεδεία; → εὐσεβείας; ἠγαπηχόσι → ἠγαπηκόσι; αὐτοῦ 3.» → αὐτοῦ.»; ἐχείνου νόμοις → ἐκείνου νόμοις.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. 2 Tim. 4.8 (PG 82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 82 (archive.org OCR); no public-domain English exists, so each section was re-read against the Greek.
4.9PG 82
«Δημᾶς γάρ με ἐγκατέλιπεν, ἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα, καὶ ἐπορεύθη εἰς Θεσσαλονίκην.» Εἷς ἦν καὶ οὗτος τῶν συνεργῶν, καὶ τῶν λίαν ἐπαινουμένων. Ασπάζονται γάρ σε, φησὶ, Δημᾶς καὶ Λουκᾶς οἱ συνεργοί μου. ᾿Αλλ᾽ ἐν τοῖς κινδύνοις καταλιπὼν Δημᾶς τὸν ᾿Απόστολον ἐξεδήμησεν, ἀσφάλειαν οἰκείαν
«Dēmas gar me enkatelipen, agapēsas ton nyn aiōna, kai eporeuthē eis Thessalonikēn.» Heis ēn kai houtos tōn synergōn, kai tōn lian epainoumenōn. Aspazontai gar se, phēsi, Dēmas kai Loukas hoi synergoi mou. ᾿All᾽ en tois kindynois katalipōn Dēmas ton ᾿Apostolon exedēmēsen, asphaleian oikeian
“For Demas has deserted me, having loved the present age, and has gone to Thessalonica.” He too was one of the fellow-workers, and of those highly praised; for “Demas and Luke, my fellow-workers, greet you,” he says. But in the dangers Demas deserted the Apostle and went away, [preferring] his own safety …
2 Tim 4:10 (quotation, high confidence) · Phlm 1:24 (quotation, high confidence) · Col 4:14 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodoret notes that Demas, once praised as Paul's fellow-worker, deserted him in danger out of concern for his own safety.
- The ref is numbered 4.9, but its lemma is 2 Tim 4:10a (the lemma of 4:9 is in ref 4.8). The section breaks off mid-sentence (marked “…”; the bracketed word is supplied by sense). Quotations: 2 Tim 4:10; Phlm 24 (cf. Col 4:14).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (marginal verse numeral and stray mark; κ read as χ): θ΄. ε«Δημᾶς → «Δημᾶς; Θεσσαλονίχην → Θεσσαλονίκην.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. 2 Tim. 4.9 (PG 82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 82 (archive.org OCR); no public-domain English exists, so each section was re-read against the Greek.
4.10PG 82
«Κρήσκης εἰς Γαλατίαν. » Τὰς Γαλλίας οὕτως ἐκάλεσεν " οὕτω γὰρ ἐκαλοῦντο πάλαι " οὕτω δὲ καὶ νῦν αὐτὰς ὀνομάζουσιν οἱ τῆς ἔξω παιδείας μετειληχότες. « Τίτος εἰς Δαλματίαν. » Οὗτοι τῆς κατηγορίας ἐκείνης ἐλεύθεροι" ὑπ᾽ αὑτοῦ γὰρ ἀπεστάλησαν τοῦ κηρύγματος ἕνεκα.
«Krēskēs eis Galatian. » Tas Gallias houtōs ekalesen " houtō gar ekalounto palai " houtō de kai nyn autas onomazousin hoi tēs exō paideias meteilēchotes. « Titos eis Dalmatian. » Houtoi tēs katēgorias ekeinēs eleutheroi" hyp᾽ hautou gar apestalēsan tou kērygmatos heneka.
“Crescens to Galatia.” This is what he called the Gauls; for so they were called of old, and so even now those who have shared in secular learning name them. “Titus to Dalmatia.” These are free of that accusation; for they were sent by him for the sake of the preaching.
2 Tim 4:10 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodoret explains that “Galatia” here means Gaul, and that Crescens and Titus, unlike Demas, had been sent by Paul to preach.
- Quotation: 2 Tim 4:10b. Theodoret takes “Galatia” to mean Gaul (Γαλλίαι, the Gallic provinces).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip; marginal verse numeral; κ read as χ; stray mark; stray marks inside a word; OCR slip): τ. εΚρήσχης → «Κρήσκης; γῦν → νῦν; κατηγο- αὶ ρίας ἐκείνη; → κατηγορίας ἐκείνης; «τοῦ κηρύγματος → τοῦ κηρύγματος.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. 2 Tim. 4.10 (PG 82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 82 (archive.org OCR); no public-domain English exists, so each section was re-read against the Greek.
4.11PG 82
« Λουκᾶς ἐστι μόνος μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ. » Ὁ τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον συγγράψας, καὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων Πράξεις. « Μάρκον ἀναλαβὼν, ἄγαγε μετὰ σεαυτοῦ " ἔστι γάρ μοι εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν.» Μέγιστον ἐγκώμιον τοῦ θείου Παύλου ἡ μαρτυρία.
« Loukas esti monos met᾽ emou. » Ho to Euangelion syngrapsas, kai tōn apostolōn Praxeis. « Markon analabōn, agage meta seautou " esti gar moi euchrēstos eis diakonian.» Megiston enkōmion tou theiou Paulou hē martyria.
“Only Luke is with me.” The one who wrote the Gospel and the Acts of the apostles. “Take Mark and bring him with you; for he is useful to me for ministry.” The testimony of the divine Paul is the greatest praise.
2 Tim 4:11 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodoret identifies Luke as the author of the Gospel and Acts and calls Paul's commendation of Mark the highest praise.
- Quotation: 2 Tim 4:11.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip and footnote number; OCR slips; marginal verse numeral): ια΄. ε Λουκᾶς → « Λουκᾶς; Εὐαγτέλιον συγγράψα; → Εὐαγγέλιον συγγράψας; ἀναλαδὼν, ἄγαγε 33 → ἀναλαβὼν, ἄγαγε; ἔστι γὙάρ μοι εὔχρηστος 35 → ἔστι γάρ μοι εὔχρηστος.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. 2 Tim. 4.11 (PG 82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 82 (archive.org OCR); no public-domain English exists, so each section was re-read against the Greek.
4.12PG 82
«Τυχικὸν δὲ ἀπέστειλα εἰς "Ἔφεσον. » Δῆλον ἐντεῦθεν, ὡς οὐκ ἐν Ἐφέσῳ διῆγεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἑτέρωθί ποὺ κατὰ τουτονὶ τὸν καιρὸν ὁ μακάριος Τιμόθεος,
«Tychikon de apesteila eis "Epheson. » Dēlon enteuthen, hōs ouk en Ephesǭ diēgen, all᾽ heterōthi pou kata toutoni ton kairon ho makarios Timotheos,
“But Tychicus I have sent to Ephesus.” It is clear from this that the blessed Timothy was not staying in Ephesus at this time, but somewhere else,
2 Tim 4:12 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodoret infers from Tychicus's mission that Timothy was not then in Ephesus.
- The section breaks off mid-sentence. Quotation: 2 Tim 4:12.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slips; marginal verse numeral; κ read as χ): ιβ΄. εΤυχιχὸν → «Τυχικὸν; πουτονὶ τὸν χα ρὸν → τουτονὶ τὸν καιρὸν.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. 2 Tim. 4.12 (PG 82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 82 (archive.org OCR); no public-domain English exists, so each section was re-read against the Greek.
4.13PG 82
« Τὸν φελώνην, ὃν ἀπέλιπον ἐν Τρωάδε παρὰ Κάρπῳ, ἐρχόμενος φέρε 3", καὶ τὰ βιβλία, μάλιστα οὕτω γὰρ Ρωμαῖοι καλοῦσι τὰ δέρματα. Ἐν εἱλητοῖς ὃὲ εἶχον πάλαι τὰς θείας Γραφάς. Οὕτω δὲ καὶ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος ἔχουσιν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι. « ᾿Αλέξανδρος ὁ χαλκεὺς πολλά μοι κακὰ ἐνεδείξατο. ᾿Αποδῴη αὐτῷ Κύριος κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ. Ὃν καὶ σὺ φυλάσσου" λίαν γὰρ ἀνθέστηκε τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις. ν Πρόῤῥησίς ἔστιν, οὐκ ἀρά. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ ψυχαγωγῶν τὸν μακάριον Τιμόθεον τέθεικε, καὶ διδάσκων μὴ δυσχεραίνειν τὰς ἐπαλλήλους τῶν ἐναντίων ἐπαναστάσεις. Θαυμαστὸν δὲ οὐδὲν, τὸ ἄνδρα χαλκέα θορύβους αὑτῷ καὶ κινδύνους κινῆσαι τῶν γὰρ ἀποχειροβιώτων ἴδιον διεγείρειν τοὺς δήμους. Οὕτω Δημήτριος ὁ ἀργυροκόπος πᾶσαν κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ τὴν Ἔφεσον συνέταξεν.
« Ton phelōnēn, hon apelipon en Trōade para Karpǭ, erchomenos phere 3", kai ta biblia, malista houtō gar Rōmaioi kalousi ta dermata. En heilētois hoe eichon palai tas theias Graphas. Houtō de kai mechri tou parontos echousin hoi Ioudaioi. « ᾿Alexandros ho chalkeus polla moi kaka enedeixato. ᾿Apodǭē autǭ Kyrios kata ta erga autou. Hon kai sy phylassou" lian gar anthestēke tois hēmeterois logois. n Prorrhēsis estin, ouk ara. Kai touto de psychagōgōn ton makarion Timotheon tetheike, kai didaskōn mē dyscherainein tas epallēlous tōn enantiōn epanastaseis. Thaumaston de ouden, to andra chalkea thorybous hautǭ kai kindynous kinēsai tōn gar apocheirobiōtōn idion diegeirein tous dēmous. Houtō Dēmētrios ho argyrokopos pasan kat᾽ autou tēn Epheson synetaxen.
“The cloak that I left at Troas with Carpus, bring when you come, and the books, especially …” for so the Romans call skins. Of old they had the divine Scriptures in rolls; and so the Jews have them even to the present. “Alexander the coppersmith did me much harm; the Lord will repay him according to his deeds. Beware of him yourself, for he strongly opposed our words.” It is a prediction, not a curse. And he set this down to comfort the blessed Timothy and to teach him not to be vexed at the repeated uprisings of opponents. And it is nothing surprising that a coppersmith stirred up tumults and dangers against him; for it is the way of those who live by manual trades to rouse the crowds. So Demetrius the silversmith set the whole of Ephesus against him.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
2 Tim 4:13–15 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 19:24–29 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodoret explains the “parchments” as skins used for books, and reads Paul's words on Alexander the coppersmith as a prediction, not a curse.
- Ref 4.13 covers 2 Tim 4:13–15. Words are lost in the scan after “especially” (the lemma's “the parchments” and the start of the comment, marked “…”): Theodoret explains the Latin word membranae. Latin debris and footnotes from Migne's column removed. Quotations: 2 Tim 4:13–15; allusion to Acts 19:24–29.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Latin debris and footnotes from Migne's column; Latin debris from Migne's column; OCR slip; marginal verse numeral; marginal verse numerals): ιγ΄. ε Τὸν → « Τὸν; ἙΚάρπῳ → Κάρπῳ; βιδλίχ → βιβλία; Γραφά: → Γραφάς; ιδ΄, τε΄. ε ᾿Αλέξανδρος → « ᾿Αλέξανδρος; ποῦτο → τοῦτο; τῶν ἀΐα. » « Νοῦ αυΐ τι. 15 δἰ πὴ οαπ 806 δά οὐο, ἱπηυΐ ογ υἱ Ὅταν! δος δάἀοδὰ Ἰιος ἢἃ 3 οὐκ ἐμοὶ δὲ μόνῳ ἢα οὶ ]. ς. 5 τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησ. Χριστοῦ, 1. 6. ν᾽ Σπούδασον τάχ ἰλθεῖν δ Ὁ ἐναντίων → τῶν ἐναντίων; ἄνδρα ἰπ δϑ δὲ ἰιη-οϑὶ, γί πα [ποιὰ ἴῃ απ), υἱ αιΐ οἱ οἱ σα εἰ δὰ βοῃᾶ οἱ Ἐπ ᾿ς «ἀἠεοῖ!, οὐ πὶ ἰμ οἰ 85 υἱ νοπίαί, οἱ ἀ00 6118 ν Μου- ΠῚΙ15. 608 ἢ}) δ γε 5015 χαλκέα → ἄνδρα χαλκέα; θορύδους → θορύβους; ἀποχειροδιώτων → ἀποχειροβιώτων.
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. 2 Tim. 4.13 (PG 82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 82 (archive.org OCR); no public-domain English exists, so each section was re-read against the Greek.
4.16PG 82
«Ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου ἀπολογίᾳ οὐδείς μοι συμπαρεγένετο, ἀλλὰ πάντες με ἐγκατέλιπον· μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη.» Τὴν πατρικὴν περὶ αὐτῶν ἔδειξεν εὐσπλαγχνίαν. Οὐ γὰρ κακοηθείας ἦν, ἀλλὰ δειλίας. « Ὁ δὲ Κύριός μοι παρέστη, καὶ ἐνεδυνάμωσέ με, ἵνα δι᾿ ἐμοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ, καὶ ἀκούσῃ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.» Ἡνίκα τῇ ἐφέσει χρησάμενος εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην ὑπὸ τοῦ Φήστου παρεπέμφθη, ἀπολογισάμενος ὡς ἀθῶος ἀφείθη. καὶ τὰς Σπανίας κατέλαβε, καὶ εἰς ἕτερα ἔθνη δραμὼν, τὴν τῆς διδασκαλίας λαμπάδα προσήνεγκε. Πρώτην τοίνυν ἀπολογίαν τὴν ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἐκδημίᾳ γεγενημένην ἐκάλεσε. « Καὶ ἐῤῥύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος.» Τὸν Νέρωνα λέοντα προσηγόρευσε, καὶ ὡς βασιλέα, καὶ ὡς ὠμότατον γεγενημένον.
«En tę̄ prōtę̄ mou apologią oudeis moi symparegeneto, alla pantes me enkatelipon; mē autois logistheiē.» Tēn patrikēn peri autōn edeixen eusplanchnian. Ou gar kakoētheias ēn, alla deilias. « Ho de Kyrios moi parestē, kai enedynamōse me, hina di᾿ emou to kērygma plērophorēthę̄, kai akousę̄ panta ta ethnē.» Hēnika tę̄ ephesei chrēsamenos eis tēn Rhōmēn hypo tou Phēstou parepemphthē, apologisamenos hōs athōos apheithē. kai tas Spanias katelabe, kai eis hetera ethnē dramōn, tēn tēs didaskalias lampada prosēnenke. Prōtēn toinyn apologian tēn en ekeinę̄ tę̄ ekdēmią gegenēmenēn ekalese. « Kai errhysthēn ek stomatos leontos.» Ton Nerōna leonta prosēgoreuse, kai hōs basilea, kai hōs ōmotaton gegenēmenon.
“At my first defence no one stood by me, but all deserted me; may it not be counted against them.” He showed his fatherly compassion toward them; for it came not from malice but from cowardice. “But the Lord stood by me and strengthened me, so that through me the proclamation might be fully accomplished and all the gentiles might hear.” When, having made use of his appeal, he was sent on to Rome by Festus, he made his defence and was released as innocent; and he reached Spain, and, running to other nations as well, he brought them the torch of the teaching. So he called the defence made on that journey his first. “And I was rescued from the mouth of the lion.” He called Nero a lion, both as king and as having been most savage.
2 Tim 4:16–17 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 25:11–12 (allusion, medium confidence) · Rom 15:28 (allusion, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodoret explains that Paul's first defence led to his release, after which he preached in Spain and elsewhere, and that the lion is Nero.
- Ref 4.16 covers 2 Tim 4:16–17. Theodoret holds that Paul was released after his first trial in Rome and went to Spain; translated as written. Quotations: 2 Tim 4:16–17; allusions to Acts 25:11–12 and Rom 15:24, 28.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip; OCR slips; footnote numbers and stray marks; marginal verse numeral and stray marks; κ read as χ; verse numeral): ις΄. «Ἐν τῇ " πρώτῃ μου δ᾽ ἀπολογίᾳ → «Ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου ἀπολογίᾳ; μο: συμπαρεγένετο → μοι συμπαρεγένετο; ἐγκατέλιπον᾽ μ' αὑτοῖς → ἐγκατέλιπον· μὴ αὐτοῖς; χακχοηθείας ἦν, ἀλλὰ δειλίας ξ΄, « → κακοηθείας ἦν, ἀλλὰ δειλίας. «; παρέστη "7, καὶ ἐνεδυνάμωσὲ με, ἵνα 35 → παρέστη, καὶ ἐνεδυνάμωσέ με, ἵνα; χήρνγμα → κήρυγμα; ἩἩνίχα → Ἡνίκα; ᾿δώμην → Ῥώμην; παρἐπέμφθη → παρεπέμφθη; κατέλαθε → κατέλαβε; «ἧς διδασκαλίας → τῆς διδασκαλίας.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. 2 Tim. 4.16 (PG 82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 82 (archive.org OCR); no public-domain English exists, so each section was re-read against the Greek.
4.18PG 82
« Καὶ ῥύσεταί με ὁ Κύριος ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔργου πονηροῦ, καὶ σώσει εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν αὑτοῦ τὴν ἐπουράνιον " ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. ᾿Αμήν. ν Οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ῥύσεταί με πάλιν τοῦ λέοντος, ἀλλ᾽, ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔργου πονηροῦ. "ᾜδει γὰρ ὡς δέξεται πάντως τοῦ βίου τὸ τέλος. « Ἄσπασαι Πρίσκαν καὶ ᾿Ακύλαν, καὶ τὸν ᾿Ὀνησιφόρου οἶκον. ν Πάλιν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς προτετίμηκε τὴν γυναῖκα' σπουδαιοτέρα γὰρ ἣν πάντως ", καὶ πλείονα εἶχε περὶ τὰ καλὰ προθυμίαν. Ἐπεὶ δὲ παρ᾽ αὐτῷ " ἦν ὁ Ὀνησιφόρος, τὸν ἐκείνου οἶκον σατο, καὶ διὰ τοῦ ἀσπασμοῦ τὴν εὐλογίαν προσήνεγκεν. « Ἔραστος ἔμεινεν ἐν Κορίνθῳ Τρύφιμον δὲ ἀπέλιπον " ἐν Μιλήτῳ ἀσθενοῦντα. » Καὶ ταῦτα προστέθεικεν εἰς τὴν ἐκδημίαν αὐτὸν κατεπείγων, καὶ διδάσκων ὡς διαφόρως οἱ συνήθεις ἀπελείφθησαν ἅπαντες. « Σπούδασον πρὸ χειμῶνος ἐλθεῖν.» Διὰ πάντων μηνύει τὴν τελευτήν. ε᾿Ασπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λῖνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ πάντες.» Τῶν μὲν σπουδαιοτέρων καὶ τὰς προσηγορίας ἐντέθεικε τοὺς δὲ τῷ κοινῷ προσρήματι κέκληκε. Τὸν δὲ Λῖνον φασὶ τὸν μέγαν διαδέξασθαι Πέτρον, καὶ τῆς Ῥωμαίων Ἐκκλησίας μετ᾽ ἐκεῖνον διακοσμῆσαι τὸν θρόνον. « Ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου, ν Ταύτην αὐτῷ δέδωκε τὴν εὖλογίαν, καὶ τὴν συνήθη προστέθεικεν" « Ἢ χάρις μεθ᾽ ἡμῶν. ᾿Αμήν. » Συνέταξε καὶ ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν μετουσίαν τῆς χάριτος. Ἧς γένοιτο καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, ταῖς τοῦ γράψαντος καὶ ἀποδεξαμένου τὰ γράμματα πρεσβείαις" καὶ εἴδοιμεν αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς αἰωνίαις αὑτῶν σκηναῖς, μὴ πόῤῥωθεν, ὡς ὁ πλούσιος τὸν Λάζαρον, ἀλλὰ παροικοῦντες, καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν ἐκείνων ἡγεμονίαν τελοῦντες. Χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ᾽ οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ, σὺν τῷ παναγίῳ Πνεύματι, δόξα πρέπει καὶ μεγαλοπρέπεια, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.
« Kai rhysetai me ho Kyrios apo pantos ergou ponērou, kai sōsei eis tēn basileian hautou tēn epouranion " hǭ hē doxa eis tous aiōnas tōn aiōnōn. ᾿Amēn. n Ouk eipen, hoti Rhysetai me palin tou leontos, all᾽, apo pantos ergou ponērou. "Ę̄dei gar hōs dexetai pantōs tou biou to telos. « Aspasai Priskan kai ᾿Akylan, kai ton ᾿Onēsiphorou oikon. n Palin tou andros protetimēke tēn gynaika' spoudaiotera gar hēn pantōs ", kai pleiona eiche peri ta kala prothymian. Epei de par᾽ autǭ " ēn ho Onēsiphoros, ton ekeinou oikon sato, kai dia tou aspasmou tēn eulogian prosēnenken. « Erastos emeinen en Korinthǭ Tryphimon de apelipon " en Milētǭ asthenounta. » Kai tauta prostetheiken eis tēn ekdēmian auton katepeigōn, kai didaskōn hōs diaphorōs hoi synētheis apeleiphthēsan hapantes. « Spoudason pro cheimōnos elthein.» Dia pantōn mēnyei tēn teleutēn. e᾿Aspazetai se Euboulos, kai Poudēs, kai Linos, kai Klaudia, kai hoi adelphoi pantes.» Tōn men spoudaioterōn kai tas prosēgorias entetheike tous de tǭ koinǭ prosrēmati keklēke. Ton de Linon phasi ton megan diadexasthai Petron, kai tēs Rhōmaiōn Ekklēsias met᾽ ekeinon diakosmēsai ton thronon. « Ho Kyrios hēmōn Iēsous Christos meta tou pneumatos sou, n Tautēn autǭ dedōke tēn eulogian, kai tēn synēthē prostetheiken" « Ē charis meth᾽ hēmōn. ᾿Amēn. » Synetaxe kai heauton eis tēn metousian tēs charitos. Hēs genoito kai hēmas epitychein, tais tou grapsantos kai apodexamenou ta grammata presbeiais" kai eidoimen autous en tais aiōniais hautōn skēnais, mē porrhōthen, hōs ho plousios ton Lazaron, alla paroikountes, kai hypo tēn ekeinōn hēgemonian telountes. Chariti kai philanthrōpią tou Kyriou Iēsou Christou, meth᾽ hou tǭ Patri, syn tǭ panagiǭ Pneumati, doxa prepei kai megaloprepeia, nyn kai aei, kai eis tous aiōnas tōn aiōnōn.
“The Lord will rescue me from every evil deed and save me for his heavenly kingdom; to him be the glory for ever and ever. Amen.” He did not say, “He will rescue me again from the lion,” but “from every evil deed”; for he knew that he would certainly meet the end of his life. “Greet Prisca and Aquila, and the household of Onesiphorus.” Again he has honoured the wife before the husband; for she was surely the more zealous, and had greater eagerness for what is good. And since Onesiphorus was with him, he greeted his household, and through the greeting brought it the blessing. “Erastus remained at Corinth; Trophimus I left sick at Miletus.” He added these things too, urging him to the journey and teaching that all his companions had been left behind in various ways. “Make every effort to come before winter.” Through everything he points to his death. “Eubulus greets you, and Pudens, and Linus, and Claudia, and all the brothers.” He put in the names of the more zealous, and called the rest by the common title. They say that Linus succeeded the great Peter and adorned the throne of the church of the Romans after him. “Our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.” This blessing he gave him, and he added the customary one: “Grace be with us. Amen.” He included himself too in the sharing of the grace. May we too obtain it, by the intercessions of the one who wrote the letter and the one who received it; and may we see them in the eternal tents, not from afar, as the rich man saw Lazarus, but dwelling near them and living under their leadership, by the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom, to the Father with the all-holy Spirit, glory and majesty are fitting, now and always and to the ages of ages.
2 Tim 4:18–22 (quotation, high confidence) · Rom 16:3 (allusion, medium confidence) · Luke 16:9 (allusion, medium confidence) · Luke 16:23 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodoret explains Paul's final greetings, notes that Linus succeeded Peter as bishop of Rome, and closes with a prayer to share the grace of Paul and Timothy.
- Ref 4.18 covers 2 Tim 4:18–22. Theodoret's text of 4:22 reads “with us” (ἡμῶν) where most witnesses have “with you” (ὑμῶν). The closing prayer asks for the intercession of Paul and Timothy; translated as written. Footnotes and Latin debris from Migne's column removed. Quotations: 2 Tim 4:18–22; allusions to Luke 16:9, 23 and Rom 16:3.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Latin debris; Latin debris from Migne's column inside a word; OCR slip; OCR slips; footnotes from Migne's column inside a word; marginal verse numeral; marginal verse numeral and OCR slip; marginal verse numeral; κ read as χ; stray marks inside a word; κ read as χ): ιη΄. « Καὶ → « Καὶ; ἔργον πονηροῦ → ἔργου πονηροῦ; ὅτ' ῬΡύσεταίΐ με πάλιν τοῦ λέονπος → ὅτι Ῥύσεταί με πάλιν τοῦ λέοντος; Ἄδει γὰρ → ᾜδει γὰρ; ιθ΄, εΓἌσπασαι Πρίσχαν → « Ἄσπασαι Πρίσκαν; προτετίμηχε → προτετίμηκε; χαλὰ → καλὰ; προῦἤνεγχεν → προσήνεγκεν; χ΄, « Ἔραστος → « Ἔραστος; προστέθειχεν εἰς → προστέθεικεν εἰς; χατεπείγων → κατεπείγων; χα’, ε Σπούδασον πρὴ → « Σπούδασον πρὸ; Εὖβθουλος → Εὔβουλος; Κλανδία → Κλαυδία; ἐντέθειχε → ἐντέθεικε; προσρί- }) ματι → προσρήματι; Ἐκχχλησίας → Ἐκκλησίας; διαχοσμῖσα! → διακοσμῆσαι; ᾿ κβ΄. « Ὁ Κύριος → « Ὁ Κύριος; τὸυ πνεύματός → τοῦ πνεύματός; τὴν συνήθη προστέθειχεν → τὴν συνήθη προστέθεικεν; ἔπον: χεῖν → ἐπιτυχεῖν; πὰ γράμ. ματα πρεσδείαις → τὰ γράμματα πρεσβείαις; αἰὼν οἰ λίης δὰ Ῥ.], ν, 95.. ἰπ Ὑποθέσει ἘΡρΪδι.. Δ (οἷοεβ. 57 μου παρέστηκε 85 ἴνα --- ἔθνη βαρ ἢ ΝΟΡΙ͂ΓΟ 1. ο. 3. πάντως ν᾽ αὐτῶν Μὲ. δ ἀπέλιπεν Πι νίαις → αἰωνίαις; Α υἱ τὸν Λάζαρον → τὸν Λάζαρον; πὴν ἐχείνῶν → τὴν ἐκείνων; μεγαλοπρέπὶ εἰ δ6ΠΡΟΓ, Οἱ ᾿τ) 8850} 89 υ] γι η). Ἀπιέη. πεια → μεγαλοπρέπεια.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Theodoret, Interp. 2 Tim. 4.18 (PG 82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/theodoret-interpretatio-2-timotheum/4-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from the Greek as printed in Migne PG 82 (archive.org OCR); no public-domain English exists, so each section was re-read against the Greek.