Seven Books of History against the Pagans 4.13.1–4.19.6
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 4, chapter 13
4.13.1CSEL 5:240–241
Anno ab Vrbe condita DXVII Hamilcar dux Carthaginiensium ab Hispanis in bello, cum aliud bellum aduersus Romanos clam pararet, occisus est. Sequenti anno legati Romanorum ab Illyriis interfecti sunt.
In the 517th year from the founding of the City, Hamilcar, general of the Carthaginians, was killed in war by the Spaniards while he was secretly preparing another war against the Romans. In the following year the envoys of the Romans were killed by the Illyrians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hamilcar died in Spain; Illyrians killed Roman envoys.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.1 (CSEL 5:240–241; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.2CSEL 5:241
post cum ipsis Illyriis atrocissimum bellum gestum est: in quo multis oppidis populisque deletis reliqui se Fuluio Postumioque consulibus dediderunt.
Afterwards a most fierce war was waged with these Illyrians, in which, many towns and peoples being destroyed, the rest surrendered to the consuls Fulvius and Postumius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome subdued the Illyrians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.2 (CSEL 5:241; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.3CSEL 5:241
Tertio deinceps anno miseram ciuitatem sacrilegis sacrificiis male potentes funestauere pontifices; namque decemuiri consuetudinem priscae superstitionis egressi Gallum uirum et Gallam feminam cum muliere simul Graeca in foro boario uiuos defoderunt.
In the third year after, the pontiffs, wickedly powerful, polluted the wretched city with sacrilegious sacrifices; for the decemvirs, going beyond the custom of ancient superstition, buried alive in the cattle market a Gallic man and a Gallic woman together with a Greek woman.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome buried alive two Gauls and a Greek woman as a sacrifice.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): saerificiis → sacrificiis.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.3 (CSEL 5:241; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.4CSEL 5:241
sed obligamentum hoc magicum in contrarium continuo uersum est; namque diras illas quas fecerant externorum mortes foedissimis suorum caedibus expiauerunt.
But this magical binding was at once turned to the contrary; for they expiated those dreadful deaths of foreigners which they had caused by the foulest slaughters of their own.
Notes and citation
Summary: The sacrifice was followed by Roman disasters.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.4 (CSEL 5:241; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.5CSEL 5:241
siquidem L. Aemilio Catulo C. Atilio Regulo consulibus magna formidine consternatus est senatus defectione Cisalpinae Galliae, cum etiam ex ulteriore Gallia ingens aduentare exercitus nuntiaretur, maxime Gaesatorum, quod nomen non gentis sed mercennariorum Gallorum est.
For in the consulship of Lucius Aemilius Catulus and Gaius Atilius Regulus the senate was dismayed with great fear by the defection of Cisalpine Gaul, when a huge army was also announced to be coming from farther Gaul, chiefly of the Gaesatae, a name not of a people but of Gallic mercenaries.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gauls threatened Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.5 (CSEL 5:241; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.6CSEL 5:241
itaque permoti consules totius Italiae ad praesidium imperii contraxere uires. quo facto in utriusque consulis exercitu octingenta milia armatorum fuisse referuntur, sicut Fabius historicus, qui eidem bello interfuit, scripsit.
So the consuls, alarmed, gathered the forces of all Italy for the defence of the empire. When this was done, there are said to have been eight hundred thousand armed men in the army of the two consuls, as the historian Fabius, who took part in that war, wrote.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome raised eight hundred thousand men.
- Fabius Pictor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.6 (CSEL 5:241; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.7CSEL 5:241
ex quibus Romanorum et Campanorum fuerunt peditum CCLXLVIIII milia ducenti, equitum uero XXVI milia sescenti; cetera multitudo sociorum fuit:
Of these, the foot soldiers of the Romans and Campanians were 299,200, and the horse 26,600; the rest of the multitude were allies:
Notes and citation
Summary: The Roman and Campanian share of the army.
- The numeral is garbled in the digital text (*CCLXLVIIII milia ducenti*); read as 299,200.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.7 (CSEL 5:241; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.8CSEL 5:241–242
commisso proelio apud Arretium Atilius consul occisus est: octingenta milia Romanorum, nec saltem tanta quanta eos terrere debuit, caesa sui parte fugerunt: nam tria milia eorum tunc interfecta historici tradunt.
When battle was joined near Arretium the consul Atilius was killed: eight hundred thousand Romans, part of them slain, and not even as great a part as ought to have frightened them, fled: for the historians report that three thousand of them were then killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Eight hundred thousand Romans fled after losing three thousand.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): consui occisus → consul occisus; tria milia. eorum → tria milia eorum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.8 (CSEL 5:241–242; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.9CSEL 5:242
quod ideo ignominiosius turpiusque est, tam paucis amissis tanta agmina diffugisse, quia se in aliis uictoriis non uiribus animorum praeualuisse sed bellorum prouentibus prodiderunt. quis enim rogo in exercitu Romanorum crederet numerum istum fuisse saltem, non dico fugisse?
This is the more ignominious and shameful, that so great columns fled after so few were lost, because they revealed that in other victories they had prevailed not by strength of spirit but by the chances of war. For who, I ask, would believe that this number had even been in the Roman army, I do not say had fled?
Notes and citation
Summary: Such a flight was shameful.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.9 (CSEL 5:242; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.10CSEL 5:242
post haec secundum cum Gallis proelium gestum est, in quo plane quadraginta milia Gallorum trucidata sunt.
After this a second battle was fought with the Gauls, in which a full forty thousand Gauls were slaughtered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Forty thousand Gauls were killed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.10 (CSEL 5:242; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.11CSEL 5:242
Sequenti anno Manlius Torquatus et Fuluius Flaccus consules primi trans Padum Romanas duxere legiones. pugnatum est ibi cum Insubribus Gallis, quorum interfecta sunt uiginti tria milia, quinque milia capta sunt.
In the following year the consuls Manlius Torquatus and Fulvius Flaccus were the first to lead Roman legions across the Po. They fought there with the Insubrian Gauls, of whom twenty-three thousand were killed and five thousand captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome crossed the Po and defeated the Insubres.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Flaceus → Flaccus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.11 (CSEL 5:242; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.12CSEL 5:242
Eo deinde anno, qui huic proximus fuit, dira miseram Vrbem terruere prodigia. miseram utique, quae hinc fremitu hostium, inde nequitia daemonum terrebatur; namque in Piceno flumen sanguine effluxit et apud Tuscos caelum ardere uisum est et Arimini nocte multa lucem claram obfulsisse ac tres lunas distantibus caeli regionibus exortas apparuisse.
Then, in the year next to this, dreadful portents terrified the wretched City; wretched indeed, which was terrified on the one side by the roaring of enemies, on the other by the wickedness of demons; for in Picenum a river flowed with blood, and among the Etruscans the sky was seen to burn, and at Ariminum, late at night, a clear light shone out and three moons appeared risen in distant regions of the sky.
Notes and citation
Summary: Portents of blood, fire, and three moons.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.12 (CSEL 5:242; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.13CSEL 5:242–243
tunc quoque magno terrae motu Caria et Rhodus insulae adeo concussae sunt, ut labentibus uulgo tectis ingens quoque ille colossus rueret.
Then too Caria and the island of Rhodes were so shaken by a great earthquake that, houses collapsing everywhere, even that huge Colossus fell.
Notes and citation
Summary: An earthquake felled the Colossus of Rhodes.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): labentibus uulge → labentibus uulgo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.13 (CSEL 5:242–243; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.14CSEL 5:243
eodem anno Flaminius consul contemptis auspiciis, quibus pugnare prohibebatur, aduersum Gallos conflixit et uicit. in quo bello nouem milia Gallorum caesa, decem et septem milia capta sunt.
In the same year the consul Flaminius, scorning the auspices by which he was forbidden to fight, engaged the Gauls and conquered. In that war nine thousand Gauls were slain and seventeen thousand captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: Flaminius ignored the auspices and won.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.14 (CSEL 5:243; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.15CSEL 5:243
Post hoc Claudius consul Gaesatorum triginta milia deleuit, ubi etiam ipse Virdomarum regem in primam aciem progressus occidit: et inter multa Insubrium, quos ad deditionem coegerat, oppida Mediolanium quoque urbem florentissimam cepit.
After this the consul Claudius destroyed thirty thousand of the Gaesatae, where he himself also, advancing into the front line, killed King Virdomarus; and among many towns of the Insubres, whom he had forced to surrender, he took also Mediolanum, a most flourishing city.
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius Marcellus killed King Virdomarus and took Milan.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): triginta. milia → triginta milia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.15 (CSEL 5:243; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.16CSEL 5:243
Deinde Histri noui hostes excitati sunt: quos Cornelius Minuciusque consules multo quidem Romanorum sanguine subegerunt.
Then the Histrians were roused as new enemies, whom the consuls Cornelius and Minucius subdued, though with much Roman blood.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome subdued the Histrians.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): qaidem → quidem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.16 (CSEL 5:243; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.17CSEL 5:243
emergit hic paululum antiquus ille Romanorum improbae laudis etiam de parricidiis appetitus.
Here there emerges for a little that old appetite of the Romans for wicked praise even from the killing of kin.
Notes and citation
Summary: Another Roman father killed his son.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): emergit hio → emergit hic.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.17 (CSEL 5:243; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.13.18CSEL 5:243
nam Fabius Censorins Fabium Buteonem filium suum furti insimulatum interfecit: dignum scilicet facinus, quod pater uel parricidio plectendum duceret, quod ne leges quidem nisi multa pecuniae aut summum exilii circa quemlibet hominum censuerunt.
For Fabius Censorinus killed his son Fabius Buteo, accused of theft: a crime worthy, forsooth, that a father should think it punishable even by killing his son, which not even the laws judged worth more than a fine of money or at most exile for any man.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fabius killed his son for a theft.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.13.18 (CSEL 5:243; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-13-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 14
4.14.1CSEL 5:243–244
Anno ab Vrbe condita DXXXIIII Hannibal Poenorum imperator Saguntum florentissimam Hispaniae ciuitatem, amicam populi Romani, primum bello inpetitam, deinde obsidione cinctam et fame excruciatam omniaque fortiter contemplatione fidei, quam Romanis deuouerant, digna indignaque tolerantem octauo demum mense deleuit.
In the 534th year from the founding of the City, Hannibal, general of the Carthaginians, destroyed in the eighth month Saguntum, a most flourishing city of Spain and a friend of the Roman people, first attacked in war, then surrounded by siege and tortured by hunger, bearing everything bravely, worthy and unworthy, out of regard for the faith which they had pledged to the Romans.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal destroyed Saguntum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.14.1 (CSEL 5:243–244; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.14.2CSEL 5:244
legatos Romanorum ad se missos iniuriosissime etiam a conspectu suo abstinuit.
He most insultingly kept even from his sight the envoys of the Romans sent to him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal refused to see Rome's envoys.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.14.2 (CSEL 5:244; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.14.3CSEL 5:244
exinde odio Romani nominis, quod patri Hamilcari, cum esset nouem annos natus fidelissime alias infidelissimus ante aras iurauerat, P. Cornelio Scipione et P. Sempronio Longo consulibus Pyrenaeos montes transgressus inter ferocissimas Gallorum gentes ferro uiam aperuit et nono demum die a Pyrenaeo ad Alpes peruenit;
Then, out of hatred of the Roman name, which he had sworn before the altars to his father Hamilcar when he was nine years old (most faithfully, though otherwise most faithless), in the consulship of Publius Cornelius Scipio and Publius Sempronius Longus he crossed the Pyrenees, opened a way with the sword among the fiercest peoples of the Gauls, and on the ninth day came from the Pyrenees to the Alps;
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal marched from Spain to the Alps.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.14.3 (CSEL 5:244; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.14.4CSEL 5:244
ubi dum montanos Gallos, repellere ab ascensu obnitentes, bello superat atque inuias rupes igni ferroque rescindit, quadriduum commoratus quinto demum die cum maximo labore ad plana peruenit.
there, while he overcame in war the mountain Gauls, who strove to repel him from the ascent, and cut through pathless rocks with fire and sword, he lingered four days and only on the fifth day reached the plains with the greatest labour.
Notes and citation
Summary: He crossed the Alps in five days.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.14.4 (CSEL 5:244; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.14.5CSEL 5:244
fuisse tunc exercitum eius in centum milibus peditum et uiginti milibus equitum definiunt.
They put his army at that time at a hundred thousand foot and twenty thousand horse.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal's army.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.14.5 (CSEL 5:244; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.14.6CSEL 5:244–245
Scipio consul Hannibali primus occurrit commissoque proelio apud Ticinum ipse grauiter uulneratus per Scipionem filium admodum praetextatum, qui post Africanus cognominatus est, ab ipsa morte liberatus euasit. caesus est ibi omnis paene Romanus exercitus.
The consul Scipio was the first to meet Hannibal, and when battle was joined at the Ticinus he himself, seriously wounded, escaped, freed from death itself by his son Scipio, still quite a boy, who was afterwards surnamed Africanus. Almost the whole Roman army was cut down there.
Notes and citation
Summary: At the Ticinus young Scipio saved his father.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (lost letter): primus occurri → primus occurrit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.14.6 (CSEL 5:244–245; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.14.7CSEL 5:245
pugnatum deinde eodem consule ad flumen Treuiam iterumque Romani pari clade superati sunt. Sempronius consul cognito collegae casu a Sicilia cum exercitu rediit; qui similiter apud eundem fluuium congressus, amisso exercitu paene solus evasit. in eo tamen bello etiam Hannibal sauciatus est.
Then a battle was fought under the same consul at the river Trebia, and again the Romans were overcome with like slaughter. The consul Sempronius, learning of his colleague's fate, returned from Sicily with an army; he likewise engaged at the same river, lost his army and escaped almost alone. In that war, however, Hannibal too was wounded.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome was defeated at the Trebia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.14.7 (CSEL 5:245; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.14.8CSEL 5:245
qui postea, cum in Etruriam primo uere transiret, in summo Appennino tempestate correptus, biduo continuo inmobiliter cum exercitu niuibus conclusus et onustus obriguit. ubi magnus hominum numerus, iumenta conplurima, elephanti paene omnes frigoris acerbitate perierunt.
Afterwards, when he was crossing into Etruria at the beginning of spring, he was caught by a storm on the top of the Apennines, and for two days on end, shut in and weighed down by snows with his army, he stiffened motionless; there a great number of men, very many beasts of burden, and almost all the elephants perished from the bitterness of the cold.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal lost many men and elephants in the Apennine snows.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): Etrnriam → Etruriam; cum. exercitu → cum exercitu.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.14.8 (CSEL 5:245; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.14.9CSEL 5:245–246
at uero alter tunc Scipio, frater consulis Scipionis, in Hispania plurima bella gessit, Magonem quoque Poenorum ducem bello uicit et cepit.
But the other Scipio then, brother of the consul Scipio, waged very many wars in Spain, and also defeated and captured Mago, a Carthaginian general.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gnaeus Scipio won in Spain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.14.9 (CSEL 5:245–246; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-14-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 15
4.15.1CSEL 5:246
Diris tunc etiam Romani prodigiis territi sunt. nam et solis orbis minui uisus est et apud Arpos parmae in caelo uisae, sol quoque pugnasse cum luna, apud Capenas interdiu duas lunas ortas, in Sardinia sanguine duo scuta sudasse, Faliscis caelum scindi uelut magno hiatu uisum, apud Antium metentibus cruentas spicas in corbem decidisse.
Then too the Romans were terrified by dreadful portents. For the sun's disc was seen to grow smaller, and at Arpi shields were seen in the sky, the sun too seemed to fight with the moon, at Capena two moons rose by day, in Sardinia two shields sweated blood, among the Falisci the sky was seen to split as with a great chasm, and at Antium bloody ears of grain fell into the basket of the reapers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Many portents terrified Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.15.1 (CSEL 5:246; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.15.2CSEL 5:246
igitur Hannibal sciens Flaminium consulem solum in castris esse, quo celerius imparatum obrueret primo uere progressus arripuit propiorem sed palustrem uiam et cum forte Sarnus late redundans pendulos et dissolutos campos reliquerat, de quibus dictum est: et quae rigat aequora Sarnus.
So Hannibal, knowing that the consul Flaminius was alone in the camp, so as to overwhelm him the more quickly while unprepared, advancing at the beginning of spring, took the nearer but marshy road; and the Sarnus, as it happened, overflowing widely, had left the fields soft and loosened, of which it was said: "and the plains the Sarnus waters."
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal took the marshy road.
- Virgil, *Aeneid* 7.738. The river was in fact the Arno.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): dictum. est → dictum est.
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Aen. 7.738 (Virgil; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.15.2 (CSEL 5:246; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.15.3CSEL 5:246
in quos cum exercitu progressus Hannibal nebulis maxime, quae de palude exhalabantur, prospectum auferentibus magnam partem sociorum iumentorumque perdidit. ipse autem uni elephanto, qui solus supersedens, uix difficultatem itineris euasit; sed oculum, quo iamdudum aeger erat, uiolentia frigoris uigiliarum ac laboris amisit.
Advancing into them with his army, Hannibal lost a great part of his allies and beasts of burden, chiefly because the mists exhaled from the marsh took away the view. He himself, riding on the one elephant that alone survived, barely escaped the difficulty of the road; but he lost an eye, with which he had long been sick, through the violence of the cold, of wakefulness and of toil.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal lost an eye in the marshes.
- 'That alone survived' renders the garbled *solus supersedens*; the editor's text probably has *superfuerat*.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word repeated): supersedens, supersedens, → supersedens,.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.15.3 (CSEL 5:246; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.15.4CSEL 5:246
ubi uero proximus castris Flaminii consulis fuit, uastatione circumiacentium locorum Flaminium in bellum excitauit.
When he was nearest to the camp of the consul Flaminius, he roused Flaminius to war by laying waste the surrounding places.
Notes and citation
Summary: He provoked Flaminius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.15.4 (CSEL 5:246; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.15.5CSEL 5:246–247
haec pugna ad Trasumennum lacum facta est. ubi exercitus Romanus infelicissime arte circumuentus Hannibalis funditus trucidatus est; ipse quoque consul occisus; xxv milia Romanorum in eo proelio caesa, sex milia capta referuntur. de exercitu Hannibalis duo milia ceciderunt.
This battle was fought at Lake Trasimene. There the Roman army, most unhappily surrounded by the skill of Hannibal, was slaughtered utterly; the consul himself was killed; twenty-five thousand Romans are reported slain in that battle and six thousand captured. Of Hannibal's army two thousand fell.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome was crushed at Lake Trasimene.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.15.5 (CSEL 5:246–247; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.15.6CSEL 5:247
famosum hoc apud Trasumennum lacum certamen fuit tanta clade Romana, maxime cum ita intentus pugnantum ardor extiterit, ut grauissimum terrae motum, qui tunc forte tam uehemens factus est, ut urbes diruisse, montes transtulisse, discidisse rupes et flumina retrorsum coegisse referatur, pugnantes omnino non senserint.
This contest at Lake Trasimene was famous for so great a Roman disaster, especially since the ardour of the fighters was so intent that they did not feel at all a very heavy earthquake, which happened then to be so violent that it is reported to have overthrown cities, moved mountains, split rocks and forced rivers backward.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fighters did not notice a great earthquake.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.15.6 (CSEL 5:247; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.15.7CSEL 5:247
factam ad Trasumennum ruinam sequitur pugna Cannensis, quamuis Fabii Maximi dictatoris tempus medium fuerit, qui impetum Hannibalis cunctando tardauit.
The ruin at Trasimene was followed by the battle of Cannae, although the time of the dictator Fabius Maximus came in between, who slowed Hannibal's onset by delaying.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fabius Maximus delayed Hannibal before Cannae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.15.7 (CSEL 5:247; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-15-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 16
4.16.1CSEL 5:247
Anno ab Vrbe condita DXL L. Aemilius Paulus et P. Terentius Varro consules contra Hannibalem missi inpatientia Varronis consulis infelicissime apud Cannas Apuliae uicum omnes paene Romanae spei uires perdiderunt.
In the 540th year from the founding of the City, the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Publius Terentius Varro, sent against Hannibal, through the impatience of the consul Varro most unhappily lost at Cannae, a village of Apulia, almost all the strength of Roman hope.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome was destroyed at Cannae.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): contra. Hannibalem → contra Hannibalem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.1 (CSEL 5:247; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.2CSEL 5:247–248
nam in ea pugna XLIIII milia Romanorum interfecta sunt, quamquam et de exercitu Hannibalis magna pars caesa est. nullo tamen Punico bello Romani adeo ad extrema internecionis adducti sunt.
For in that battle forty-four thousand Romans were killed, although a great part of Hannibal's army was also slain. Yet in no Punic war were the Romans brought so near the extremity of extermination.
Notes and citation
Summary: Forty-four thousand Romans died at Cannae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.2 (CSEL 5:247–248; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.3CSEL 5:248
periit enim in eo consul Aemilius Paulus, consulares aut praetorii uiri uiginti interfecti sunt, senatores uel capti uel occisi sunt triginta, nobiles uiri trecenti, pedestrium militum XL milia, equitum tria milia quingenti. Varro consul cum quinquaginta equitibus Venusium fugit.
For in it perished the consul Aemilius Paulus; twenty men of consular or praetorian rank were killed; thirty senators were captured or killed, three hundred noble men, forty thousand foot soldiers, three thousand five hundred horse. The consul Varro fled with fifty horsemen to Venusia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome's losses at Cannae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.3 (CSEL 5:248; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.4CSEL 5:248
nec dubium est ultimum illum diem Romani status futurum fuisse, si Hannibal mox post uictoriam ad peruadendam Vrbem contendisset.
Nor is there doubt that that would have been the last day of the Roman state, had Hannibal hurried soon after the victory to overrun the City.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome would have fallen had Hannibal marched on it.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.4 (CSEL 5:248; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.5CSEL 5:248
Hannibal in testimonium uictoriae suae tres modios anulorum aureorum Carthaginem misit, quos ex manibus interfectorum equitum Romanorum senatorumque detraxerat.
Hannibal sent to Carthage as testimony of his victory three modii of gold rings, which he had pulled from the hands of the slain Roman knights and senators.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal sent three measures of gold rings to Carthage.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.5 (CSEL 5:248; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.6CSEL 5:248–249
usque adeo autem ultima desperatio reipublicae apud residuos Romanos fuit, ut senatores de relinquenda Italia sedibusque quaerendis consilium ineundum putarint. quod auctore Caecilio Metello confirmatum fuisset, nisi Cornelius Scipio tribunus tunc militum, idem qui post Africanus, destricto gladio deterruisset ac potius pro patriae defensione in sua uerba iurare coegisset.
So complete was the despair of the commonwealth among the remaining Romans that the senators thought a plan should be adopted for leaving Italy and seeking new homes. This would have been confirmed on the motion of Caecilius Metellus, had not Cornelius Scipio, then military tribune, the same who was afterwards Africanus, deterred him with drawn sword and rather compelled him to swear to his words for the defence of the fatherland.
Notes and citation
Summary: Young Scipio stopped the plan to abandon Italy.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): confirmatum. fuisset → confirmatum fuisset.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.6 (CSEL 5:248–249; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.7CSEL 5:249
Romani ad spem uitae quasi ab inferis respirare ausi dictatorem Decimum Iunium creant: qui dilectu habito ab annis decem et septem immaturae inordinataeque militiae quattuor legiones undecumque contraxit.
The Romans, daring to breathe again toward hope of life as though from the underworld, created Decimus Junius dictator; he, holding a levy from the age of seventeen, gathered from everywhere four legions of immature and untrained soldiery.
Notes and citation
Summary: A dictator raised boys into legions.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): dictatorum Decimum → dictatorem Decimum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.7 (CSEL 5:249; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.8CSEL 5:249
tunc etiam seruos spectati roboris ac uoluntatis uel oblatos uel, si ita opus fuit, publico pretio emptos sub titulo libertatis sacramento militiae adegit. arma, quae deerant, templis detraxerunt, egenti aerario priuatae opes refusae sunt. ita equester ordo, ita plebs trepida oblita studiorum in commune consuluit.
Then too he bound by the military oath, under the title of liberty, slaves of proven strength and willingness, either offered or, if need be, bought at public cost. Arms that were lacking they took from the temples; private wealth was poured into the needy treasury. So the equestrian order, so the trembling plebs, forgetting their partisan interests, took counsel for the common good.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome armed slaves and stripped the temples.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.8 (CSEL 5:249; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.9CSEL 5:249
Iunius quoque dictator antiquum Romanae miseriae factum recolens, pro supplemento exercitus edicto uelut asylo patefacto homines quicumque sceleribus ac debitis obnoxii essent impunitate promissa militiae mancipauit; quorum numerus ad sex milia uirorum fuit.
The dictator Junius too, recalling the ancient deed of Roman misery, as a supplement to the army, opening an asylum as it were by edict, enlisted in military service, with a promise of impunity, all men liable for crimes and debts; their number was up to six thousand men.
Notes and citation
Summary: Criminals and debtors were enlisted.
- The 'ancient deed' is Romulus's asylum (2.4.3).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.9 (CSEL 5:249; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.10CSEL 5:249
Campania uero uel potius omnis Italia ad Hannibalem desperata penitus Romani status reparatione defecit. post hoc L.
But Campania, or rather all Italy, utterly despairing of the restoration of the Roman state, revolted to Hannibal. After this Lucius
Notes and citation
Summary: Italy revolted to Hannibal.
- The sentence continues in 4.16.11.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.10 (CSEL 5:249; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.11CSEL 5:249
Postumius praetor aduersus Gallos pugnare missus cum exercitu caesus est.
Postumius the praetor, sent to fight against the Gauls, was cut down with his army.
Notes and citation
Summary: Postumius was killed by the Gauls.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.11 (CSEL 5:249; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.12CSEL 5:249–250
Deinde Sempronio Graccho Q. Fabio Maximo consulibus Claudius Marcellus expraetore proconsule designatus Hannibalis exercitum proelio fudit primusque post tantas reipublicae ruinas spem fecit Hannibalem posse superari.
Then, in the consulship of Sempronius Gracchus and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Claudius Marcellus, appointed proconsul after being praetor, routed Hannibal's army in battle and was the first, after such ruins of the commonwealth, to give hope that Hannibal could be overcome.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcellus first defeated Hannibal.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Cyrillic letter in the digital text): Мaximo → Maximo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.12 (CSEL 5:249–250; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.13CSEL 5:250
Scipiones autem in Hispania Hasdrubalem Poenorum imperatorem ad Italiam exercitum conparantem grauissimo bello oppresserunt; nam xxxv milia militum de exercitu eius uel caede uel captione minuerunt.
The Scipios in Spain crushed in a most grievous war Hasdrubal, the Carthaginian general, who was preparing an army for Italy; for they reduced his army by thirty-five thousand soldiers by slaughter or capture.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scipios defeated Hasdrubal in Spain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.13 (CSEL 5:250; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.14CSEL 5:250
Celtiberos milites, quam primam externam manum Romani in castris habere coeperunt, pretio sollicitatos ab hostium societate in sua castra duxerunt.
The Celtiberian soldiers, the first foreign band the Romans began to have in their camp, they drew by pay from alliance with the enemy into their own camp.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome hired Celtiberian mercenaries.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ab hostiam → ab hostium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.14 (CSEL 5:250; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.15CSEL 5:250
Sempronius Gracchus proconsule ab hospite suo Lucano quodam in insidias inductus occisus est.
Sempronius Gracchus the proconsul, led into an ambush by a certain Lucanian, his host, was killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gracchus was betrayed and killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): Gracchus. proconsule → Gracchus proconsule.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.15 (CSEL 5:250; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.16CSEL 5:250
Centenius Penula centurio decerni sibi ultro bellum aduersum Hannibalem petiit: a quo cum octo milibus militum, quos in aciem eduxerat, caesus est.
Centenius Penula, a centurion, of his own accord asked that war against Hannibal be assigned to him; by him he was cut down with eight thousand soldiers whom he had led into the battle line.
Notes and citation
Summary: Centenius Penula was killed with his army.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.16 (CSEL 5:250; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.17CSEL 5:250
post hunc Cn. Fuluius praetor ab Hannibale uictus amisso exercitu uix euasit.
After him Gnaeus Fulvius the praetor, defeated by Hannibal, lost his army and barely escaped.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fulvius lost his army.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.17 (CSEL 5:250; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.18CSEL 5:250
Pudet recordationis. quid enim dicam improbitatem magis an miseriam Romanorum? immo uerius uel improbam miseriam uel miseram improbitatem.
I am ashamed to recall it. For what shall I call it, the wickedness or the misery of the Romans? Rather, more truly, either wicked misery or miserable wickedness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome's state was a wicked misery.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.18 (CSEL 5:250; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.19CSEL 5:250–251
quis credat eo tempore, quo aerarium populi Romani egenam stipem priuata conlatione poscebat, miles in castris non nisi aut puer aut seruus aut sceleratus aut debitor et ne sic quidem numero idoneus erat, senatus in curia omnis paene nouicius uidebatur, postremo cum ita inminutis fractisque omnibus desperabatur, ut consilium de relinquenda Italia subiretur:
Who would believe that at that time, when the treasury of the Roman people was begging a needy contribution by private collection, when the soldier in the camp was only a boy, a slave, a criminal or a debtor, and even so not sufficient in number, when the senate in the curia seemed almost entirely new, and finally when, everything being so diminished and broken, there was such despair that a plan of leaving Italy was undertaken:
Notes and citation
Summary: When Rome was utterly exhausted,
- The question continues in 4.16.20.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.19 (CSEL 5:250–251; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.20CSEL 5:251
— eo tempore, cum unum domesticum, ut diximus, bellum ferri nullo modo posset, tria insuper transmarina bella fuisse suscepta? unum in Macedonia contra Philippum potentissimum Macedoniae regem, alterum in Hispania contra Hasdrubalem Hannibalis fratrem, tertium in Sardinia contra Sardos et alterum Hasdrubalem Carthaginiensium ducem; extra hoc quartum Hannibalis, quo in Italia premebantur.
at that time, when, as we said, one war at home could in no way be borne, three overseas wars were undertaken besides? One in Macedonia against Philip, the most powerful king of Macedonia; a second in Spain against Hasdrubal, Hannibal's brother; a third in Sardinia against the Sardinians and the other Hasdrubal, general of the Carthaginians; besides this a fourth, that of Hannibal, by which they were pressed in Italy.
Notes and citation
Summary: it undertook three wars overseas besides Hannibal's.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.20 (CSEL 5:251; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.16.21CSEL 5:251
et tamen fortis in alterutrum desperatio in meliora profecit, nam in his omnibus desperando pugnarunt, pugnando uicerunt. ex quo euidenter ostenditur non tempora tunc fuisse tranquilliora otiis, sed homines miseriis fortiores.
And yet a brave despair on either side led to better things; for in all these they fought by despairing and conquered by fighting. From which it is evidently shown that the times were not then more tranquil with leisure, but the men were braver in miseries.
Notes and citation
Summary: Not calmer times, but braver men.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.16.21 (CSEL 5:251; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-16-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 17
4.17.1CSEL 5:251
Anno ab Vrbe condita DXLIII Claudius Marcellus Syracusas opulentissimam urbem Siciliae secunda oppugnatione uix cepit, quam cum iam pridem obsedisset, Archimedis Syracusani ciuis admirabili ingenio praediti machinis repulsus expugnare non potuit.
In the 543rd year from the founding of the City, Claudius Marcellus at a second attempt barely took Syracuse, the richest city of Sicily, which, when he had long since besieged it, he could not storm, repelled by the machines of Archimedes, a citizen of Syracuse endowed with wonderful genius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcellus took Syracuse despite Archimedes.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Maroellus → Marcellus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.1 (CSEL 5:251; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.2CSEL 5:251–252
decimo anno post quam Hannibal in Italiam uenerat, Cn. Fuluio P. Sulpicio consulibus Hannibal de Campania mouit exercitum et cum ingenti clade omnium per Sedicinum Suessanumque agrum uia Latina profectus ad Anienem fluuium tribus milibus ab Vrbe consedit incredibili totius ciuitatis
In the tenth year after Hannibal had come into Italy, in the consulship of Gnaeus Fulvius and Publius Sulpicius, Hannibal moved his army from Campania and, with huge slaughter of all, set out through the territory of Sidicinum and Suessa by the Latin Way and encamped by the river Anio, three miles from the City, to the incredible
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal encamped three miles from Rome.
- The sentence continues in 4.17.3.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray comma): Anienem, fluuium → Anienem fluuium; cinitatis → ciuitatis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.2 (CSEL 5:251–252; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.3CSEL 5:252
metu, cum senatu populoque diuersis curis trepido matronae quoque amentes pauore per propugnacula currerent et conuehere in muros saxa primaeque pro muris pugnare gestirent.
fear of the whole city, when, the senate and people trembling with different cares, the matrons too, out of their minds with fear, ran along the battlements, and longed to carry stones onto the walls and to be the first to fight for the walls.
Notes and citation
Summary: All Rome was in terror.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): diuersis caris → diuersis curis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.3 (CSEL 5:252; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.4CSEL 5:252
ipse autem cum expeditis equitibus usque ad portam Collinam infestus accessit, deinde omnes copias in aciem direxit. sed et consules Fuluiusque proconsule non detrectauere pugnam.
He himself, with light-armed horsemen, came up threateningly as far as the Colline Gate, then drew up all his forces in battle line. But the consuls and Fulvius the proconsul did not refuse battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal rode up to the Colline Gate.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): ipse. autem → ipse autem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.4 (CSEL 5:252; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.5CSEL 5:252
at ubi expositae utrimque acies constiterunt, in conspectu Romae praemium uictoris futurae tantus se subito imber e nubibus grandine mixtus effudit, ut turbata agmina uix armis retentis in sua se castra colligerent.
But when the lines stood drawn up on both sides, in sight of Rome, the prize of the future victor, so great a rain mixed with hail suddenly poured from the clouds that the columns, thrown into confusion and barely keeping their arms, withdrew into their own camps.
Notes and citation
Summary: A hailstorm stopped the battle.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.5 (CSEL 5:252; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.6CSEL 5:252
deinde cum serenitate reddita in campum copiae atque in aciem redissent, rursum uiolentior fusa tempestas maiore metu mortalium audaciam cohercuit territosque exercitus refugere in tentoria coegit.
Then, when fair weather returned and the forces had gone back onto the plain and into line, again a more violent storm poured down, checked the daring of mortals with greater fear, and forced the terrified armies to flee back into their tents.
Notes and citation
Summary: A second storm stopped it again.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.6 (CSEL 5:252; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.7CSEL 5:252
tunc conuersus in religionem Hannibal dixisse fertur, potiundae sibi Romae modo uoluntatem non dari, modo potestatem.
Then Hannibal, turning to religion, is said to have said that the taking of Rome was granted him now not by will, now not by power.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal saw divine opposition.
- As in Livy 26.11: sometimes the will, sometimes the opportunity to take Rome was denied him.
Extrabiblical texts: Livy, 26.11 (Livy, History of Rome; allusion)
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.7 (CSEL 5:252; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.8CSEL 5:252–253
Respondeant nunc mihi obtrectatores ueri Dei hoc loco: Hannibalem a capessenda subruendaque Roma utrum Romana abstinuit fortitudo an diuina miseratio? aut forsitan conseruati isti dedignantur fateri, quod Hannibal et uictor extimuit et cedens probauit ac —
Let the detractors of the true God answer me now at this point: was it Roman courage or divine mercy that kept Hannibal from seizing and overthrowing Rome? Or perhaps these men, having been preserved, disdain to confess what Hannibal both feared as victor and proved as he withdrew; and
Notes and citation
Summary: Was Rome saved by its courage or by God's mercy?
- The sentence continues in 4.17.9.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.8 (CSEL 5:252–253; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.9CSEL 5:253
si istam diuinam tutelam per pluuiam de caelo uenisse manifestum est, ipsam autem pluuiam opportunis et necessariis temporibus non nisi per Christum, qui est uerus Deus, ministrari — etiam ab huiusmodi satis certo sciri nec negari posse existimo:
if it is plain that this divine protection came from heaven through the rain, and that rain itself at fitting and necessary times is supplied only through Christ, who is the true God, I think that this too can be known with sufficient certainty and cannot be denied:
Matt 5:45 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Rain comes only through Christ.
Topics: Christology, Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.9 (CSEL 5:253; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.10CSEL 5:253
maxime nunc — quando ad documentum potentiae eius, cum siccitate turbante pluuiam poscere adsidue contingit, et alternis uicibus nunc gentiles nunc Christiani rogant nec umquam etiam ipsis testibus factum est, ut optati imbres superueniant nisi in die, quo rogari Christum et Christianis rogare permittitur —
especially now, when, as proof of his power, when drought troubles us and it happens that rain is constantly asked for, and in turn now the gentiles, now the Christians pray, it has never happened, even by their own testimony, that the longed-for showers came except on the day on which Christ is asked and the Christians are permitted to ask;
Notes and citation
Summary: Only Christian prayer brings rain.
Topics: Prayer
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.10 (CSEL 5:253; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.11CSEL 5:253
procul dubio constat, urbem Romam per hunc eundem uerum Deum, qui est Christus Iesus, ordinantem secundum placitum ineffabilis iudicii sui, et tunc ad futurae fidei credulitatem seruatam fuisse et nunc pro parte sui incredula castigatam.
beyond doubt it is established that the city of Rome, through this same true God, who is Christ Jesus, ordering things according to the good pleasure of his ineffable judgment, was both then preserved for the belief of the future faith and now chastised in part for its unbelief.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ preserved Rome then and chastises it now.
Topics: Christology, Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.11 (CSEL 5:253; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.12CSEL 5:253
At uero in Hispania ambo Scipiones a fratre Hasdrubalis interfecti sunt. in Campania Capua capta est a Q. Fuluio proconsule; principes Campanorum ueneno mortem sibi consciuerunt; senatum omnem Capuae etiam prohibente senatu Romano Fuluius suppliciis necauit.
But in Spain both Scipios were killed by the brother of Hasdrubal. In Campania Capua was taken by Quintus Fulvius the proconsul; the leading Campanians killed themselves with poison; Fulvius put to death with punishments the whole senate of Capua, even though the Roman senate forbade it.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scipios fell in Spain; Capua was taken.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.12 (CSEL 5:253; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.13CSEL 5:253–254
interfectis in Hispania Scipionibus cum, omnibus incusso pauore cunctantibus, Scipio se admodum adulescens ultro obtulisset et pudenda
When the Scipios had been killed in Spain, and, all hesitating with fear struck into them, Scipio, still quite a young man, had offered himself of his own accord, and there was a shameful
Notes and citation
Summary: Young Scipio volunteered for Spain.
- The sentence continues in 4.17.14.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.13 (CSEL 5:253–254; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.17.14CSEL 5:254
penuria esset aerarii, Claudio Marcello et Valerio Laeuino auctoribus qui tunc consules erant aurum argentumque signatum ad quaestores palam omnes senatores in publicum contulerunt, ita ut nihil praeter anulos singulos bullasque sibi ac filiis et deinde per filias uxoresque suas singulas tantum auri uncias et argenti non amplius quam singulas libras relinquerent.
want in the treasury, on the motion of Claudius Marcellus and Valerius Laevinus, who were then consuls, all the senators openly brought their gold and silver, coined, to the quaestors for public use, so that they left nothing except a single ring and bulla each for themselves and their sons, and then for their daughters and wives only an ounce of gold each and not more than a pound of silver each.
Notes and citation
Summary: The senators gave their gold and silver to the state.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.17.14 (CSEL 5:254; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-17-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 18
4.18.1CSEL 5:254
Scipio annos natus uiginti et quattuor imperium in Hispaniam proconsulare sortitus, ultionem praecipue patris et patrui animo intendens, Pyrenaeum transgressus primo impetu Carthaginem Nouam cepit, ubi stipendia maxima, praesidia ualida, copiae auri argentique magnae Poenorum habebantur; ibi etiam Magonem fratrem Hannibalis captum cum ceteris Romam misit.
Scipio, twenty-four years old, allotted the proconsular command in Spain, intent above all on avenging his father and uncle, crossed the Pyrenees and at the first assault took New Carthage, where the Carthaginians kept their greatest stores of pay, strong garrisons and great supplies of gold and silver; there too he captured Mago, Hannibal's brother, and sent him with the rest to Rome.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio took New Carthage.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Carthaginem Nonam → Carthaginem Nouam; argeutique → argentique.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.1 (CSEL 5:254; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.2CSEL 5:254
Laeuinus consul ex Macedonia rediens Agrigentum urbem Siciliae expugnauit ibique Hannonem Afrorum ducem cepit, quadraginta ciuitates in deditionem accepit, uiginti et sex expugnauit.
The consul Laevinus, returning from Macedonia, stormed Agrigentum, a city of Sicily, and there captured Hanno, the African general; he received forty cities in surrender and stormed twenty-six.
Notes and citation
Summary: Laevinus took Agrigentum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.2 (CSEL 5:254; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.3CSEL 5:254–255
Hannibal in Italia Cn. Fuluium proconsulem, XI praeterea tribunos et XVII milia militum interfecit.
Hannibal in Italy killed the proconsul Gnaeus Fulvius, besides eleven tribunes and seventeen thousand soldiers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal killed Fulvius and seventeen thousand men.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Fnluium → Fuluium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.3 (CSEL 5:254–255; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.4CSEL 5:255
Marcellus consul cum Hannibale triduum continuum dimicauit. primo die pari pugna discessum est, sequenti uictus consul, tertio uictor VIII milia hostium interfecit, ipsum Hannibalem cum reliquis fugere in castra conpulit.
The consul Marcellus fought with Hannibal for three continuous days. On the first day they parted on equal terms; on the next the consul was defeated; on the third he was victor, killed eight thousand of the enemy, and forced Hannibal himself with the rest to flee into his camp.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcellus fought Hannibal for three days.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): triduum continuam → triduum continuum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.4 (CSEL 5:255; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.5CSEL 5:255
Fabius Maximus consul Tarentum, quae a Romanis desciuerat, iterum expugnauit et cepit ibique ingentes copias Hannibalis cum ipso duce ejus Carthalone deleuit, xxx milia hominum captiuorum uendidit, pretia in fiscum rettulit.
The consul Fabius Maximus again stormed and took Tarentum, which had revolted from the Romans, and there destroyed great forces of Hannibal together with their leader Carthalo himself; he sold thirty thousand captive men and brought the proceeds into the treasury.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fabius retook Tarentum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.5 (CSEL 5:255; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.6CSEL 5:255
Sequenti anno in Italia Claudius Marcellus consul ab Hannibale cum exercitu occisus est.
In the following year, in Italy, the consul Claudius Marcellus was killed with his army by Hannibal.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcellus was killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): Italia. Claudius → Italia Claudius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.6 (CSEL 5:255; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.7CSEL 5:255
Scipio in Hispania Poenorum ducem Hasdrubalem uicit et castris exuit; praeterea LXXX ciuitates aut deditione aut bello in potestatem redegit; Afris sub corona uenditis, sine pretio dimisit Hispanos.
Scipio in Spain defeated Hasdrubal, the Carthaginian general, and stripped him of his camp; besides, he brought eighty cities into his power either by surrender or by war; the Africans he sold at auction, the Spaniards he dismissed without ransom.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio defeated Hasdrubal in Spain.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Cyrillic letter in the digital text; digitization slip): Soipio → Scipio; Нasdrubalem → Hasdrubalem; ant bello → aut bello.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.7 (CSEL 5:255; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.8CSEL 5:255
Hannibal utrumque consulem Marcellum et Crispinum insidiis circumuentos interfecit.
Hannibal killed both consuls, Marcellus and Crispinus, entrapped in an ambush.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal ambushed both consuls.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray dash): interfecit.- → interfecit..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.8 (CSEL 5:255; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.9CSEL 5:255–256
Claudio Nerone et M. Liuio Salinatore consulibus cum Hasdrubal Hannibalis frater ab Hispaniis per Gallias ad Italiam ueniret iussusque a Carthaginiensibus, ut fratri cum copiis iungeretur, magna secum auxilia Hispanorum Gallorumque deduceret, cum maturato aduentu descendisse iam ex Alpibus consulibus proditus fuisset, ab exercitu Romano ignorante Hannibale praeuentus cum omni exercitu suo interfectus est.
In the consulship of Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator, when Hasdrubal, Hannibal's brother, was coming from the Spains through the Gauls to Italy, and, ordered by the Carthaginians to join his brother with his forces, was bringing with him great auxiliaries of Spaniards and Gauls, his early arrival, having already come down from the Alps, was betrayed to the consuls; forestalled by the Roman army without Hannibal's knowledge, he was killed with his whole army.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hasdrubal was destroyed before he could join Hannibal.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.9 (CSEL 5:255–256; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.10CSEL 5:256
diu quidem incertus belli euentus fuit elephantis maxime Romanam infestantibus aciem: qui a militibus Romanis, quos
For a long time indeed the outcome of the war was uncertain, chiefly because the elephants were harassing the Roman line: these, by the Roman soldiers whom
Notes and citation
Summary: The elephants troubled the Roman line.
- The sentence continues through 4.18.12.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): din quidem incertas → diu quidem incertus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.10 (CSEL 5:256; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.11CSEL 5:256
a uolitando uelites uocant — quod genus militiae paulo ante repertum fuerat, ut lecti agilitate iuuenes cum armis suis post terga equitum sederent et mox, cum ad hostem uentum esset, equis desilirent et continuo pedites ipsi, ex alia parte equitibus per quos aduecti fuerant dimicantibus, hostem proturbarent —
they call velites from flying about (a kind of soldiery invented a little before, in which young men chosen for agility sat with their arms behind the backs of horsemen, and soon, when they came to the enemy, leapt down from the horses and at once, themselves as foot soldiers, drove back the enemy from the other side while the horsemen by whom they had been carried fought),
Notes and citation
Summary: The velites, newly invented.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nelites → uelites.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.11 (CSEL 5:256; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.12CSEL 5:256
ab his ergo uelitibus elephanti retroacti cum regi iam a suis non possent, fabrili scalpro inter aures adacto necabantur. id genus occidendae cum opus esset beluae idem dux Hasdrubal primus inuenerat.
by these velites, then, the elephants were driven back, and when they could no longer be controlled by their own men, they were killed by a carpenter's chisel driven in between the ears. This way of killing the beast when necessary the same general Hasdrubal had first invented.
Notes and citation
Summary: The elephants had to be killed by their own drivers.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.12 (CSEL 5:256; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.13CSEL 5:256
fuit hoc proelio Poenis Metaurum flumen, ubi Hasdrubal est uictus, quasi Trasumennus lacus et Cesena Piceni ciuitas ut uicus ille Cannensis;
In this battle the river Metaurus, where Hasdrubal was defeated, was for the Carthaginians as it were Lake Trasimene, and Sena, a city of Picenum, as that village of Cannae;
Notes and citation
Summary: The Metaurus was Carthage's Cannae.
- *Cesena* in the digital text; the city was Sena Gallica.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.13 (CSEL 5:256; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.14CSEL 5:256–257
nam L et VIII milia de exercitu Hasdrubalis ibi occisa sunt, capta sunt V cccc; IIII autem ciuium Romanorum inter eos reperta atque reuocata sunt: quod uictoribus consulibus solacio fuit. nam et ab exercitu eorum VIII ceciderunt.
for fifty-eight thousand of Hasdrubal's army were killed there and five thousand four hundred captured; four thousand Roman citizens were found among them and recovered, which was a comfort to the victorious consuls; for eight thousand of their own army also fell.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hasdrubal lost fifty-eight thousand men.
- The numeral is garbled in the digital text (*L et vm*); read as LVIII.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (garbled numeral): L et vm milia → L et VIII milia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.14 (CSEL 5:256–257; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.15CSEL 5:257
Hannibali caput fratris sui Hasdrubalis ante castra projectum est. quo uiso et simul clade Poenorum cognita, anno tertio decimo quam in Italiam uenerat refugit in Bruttios.
The head of his brother Hasdrubal was thrown in front of Hannibal's camp. Seeing it and at the same time learning of the Carthaginian disaster, in the thirteenth year after he had come into Italy he fled back to the Bruttii.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal learned of his brother's death.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): fratris sni → fratris sui.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.15 (CSEL 5:257; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.16CSEL 5:257
post haec anno continuo inter Hannibalem et Romanos quies a tumultu bellorum intercessisse uisa est, quia inquietudo morborum in castris erat et grauissima pestilentia utrique exercitus agebantur.
After this, for a whole year, rest from the tumult of wars seemed to come between Hannibal and the Romans, because there was the disquiet of diseases in the camps and both armies were afflicted by a most grievous pestilence.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plague brought a year's pause.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): agebautur → agebantur.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.16 (CSEL 5:257; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.17CSEL 5:257
interea Scipio uniuersa Hispania a Pyrenaeo usque ad Oceanum in prouinciam redacta Romam uenit, consul cum Licinio Crasso creatus in Africam transiit, Hannonem Hamilcaris filium, ducem Poenorum, interfecit, exercitum eius partim caede partim captiuitate disperdidit: nam undecim milia Poenorum eo proelio occidit.
Meanwhile Scipio, all Spain from the Pyrenees to the Ocean having been reduced to a province, came to Rome, was made consul with Licinius Crassus, crossed into Africa, killed Hanno son of Hamilcar, the Carthaginian general, and destroyed his army partly by slaughter, partly by captivity: for he killed eleven thousand Carthaginians in that battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio crossed into Africa.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): exeroitum → exercitum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.17 (CSEL 5:257; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.18CSEL 5:257
Sempronius consul cum Hannibale congressus et uictus Romam refugit. Scipio in Africa adgressus hiberna Poenorum atque alia Numidarum, quae utraque haud procul ab Vtica erant, nocte concubia fecit incendi.
The consul Sempronius engaged Hannibal, was defeated and fled back to Rome. Scipio in Africa attacked the winter quarters of the Carthaginians and others of the Numidians, both not far from Utica, and had them set on fire at dead of night.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio burned the enemy camps.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.18 (CSEL 5:257; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.19CSEL 5:257–258
Poeni trepidi cum casu accidisse ignem putarent, inermes ad extinguendum concurrerunt: quare facile ab armatis oppressi sunt. in utrisque castris quadraginta milia hominum igni ferroque consumpta sunt, capta quinque milia, duces ipsi miserabiliter ambusti aegre effugerunt.
The Carthaginians, in alarm, thinking the fire had happened by accident, ran unarmed to put it out; so they were easily overwhelmed by armed men. In both camps forty thousand men were consumed by fire and sword, five thousand captured, and the generals themselves, wretchedly burned, barely escaped.
Notes and citation
Summary: Forty thousand died in the fires.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): oapta → capta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.19 (CSEL 5:257–258; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.20CSEL 5:258
Hasdrubal imperator Carthaginem profugus uenit; itaque Syphax et Hasdrubal mox plurimum reparauere exercitum atque iterum cum Scipione congressi sunt, uictique fugerunt.
Hasdrubal the general came as a fugitive to Carthage; so Syphax and Hasdrubal soon restored a very large army and again engaged Scipio, and, defeated, fled.
Notes and citation
Summary: Syphax and Hasdrubal were defeated again.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): motique fugerunt → uictique fugerunt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.20 (CSEL 5:258; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.18.21CSEL 5:258
Syphacem fugientem Laelius et Masinissa ceperunt, cetera multitudo Cirtam confugit, quam Masinissa oppugnatam in deditionem recepit, Syphacem ad Scipionem catenis uinctum deduxit; quem Scipio cum ingentibus spoliis plurimisque captiuis perducendum Laelio tradidit.
Laelius and Masinissa captured Syphax as he fled; the rest of the multitude fled to Cirta, which Masinissa attacked and received in surrender; he brought Syphax, bound in chains, to Scipio, who handed him over to Laelius to be taken to Rome with huge spoils and very many captives.
Notes and citation
Summary: Syphax was captured.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.18.21 (CSEL 5:258; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-18-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 19
4.19.1CSEL 5:258–259
Hannibal redire in Africam iussus, ut fessis Carthaginiensibus subueniret, flens reliquit italiam omnibus Italici generis militibus qui sequi nollent interfectis. cui ad Africanum litus propinquanti iussus quidam e nauticis ascendere in arborem nauis atque inde speculari, quam regionem teneret, sepulchrum dirutum se prospexisse respondit; abominatus dictum Hannibal deflexo cursu ad Leptim oppidum copias exposuit.
Hannibal, ordered to return to Africa to help the weary Carthaginians, left Italy weeping, having killed all the soldiers of Italian race who would not follow. As he was approaching the African shore, one of the sailors, ordered to climb the ship's mast and look out from there to see what region they were holding, answered that he saw a ruined tomb; Hannibal, abhorring the omen, changed course and landed his forces at the town of Leptis.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal returned to Africa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.19.1 (CSEL 5:258–259; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.19.2CSEL 5:259
qui continuo refecta multitudine Carthaginem uenit, deinde conloquium Scipionis petiit. ubi cum se diu attoniti admiratione mutua duo clarissimi duces suspexissent, infecto pacis negotio proelium consertum est:
He at once, his host refreshed, came to Carthage and then sought a conference with Scipio. There, when the two most famous generals had long looked at each other, stunned with mutual admiration, the business of peace being left undone, battle was joined:
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal and Scipio met but could not make peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.19.2 (CSEL 5:259; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.19.3CSEL 5:259
quod diu magnis ducum artibus dispositum, magnis copiarum molibus gestum, magnis militum uiribus consummatum Romanis uictoriam contulit. octoginta ibi elephanti uel capti uel occisi sunt, Carthaginiensium interfecta sunt XX milia quingenti. Hannibal omnia et ante proelium et in proelio expertus, cum paucis, hoc est uix quattuor equitibus, inter tumultum elapsus Hadrumetum confugit.
laid out at length with great arts of the generals, waged with great masses of forces, completed with great strength of soldiers, it gave the victory to the Romans. Eighty elephants were there either captured or killed; twenty thousand five hundred Carthaginians were killed. Hannibal, having tried everything both before the battle and in the battle, slipped away amid the tumult with a few, that is, scarcely four horsemen, and fled to Hadrumetum.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio defeated Hannibal at Zama.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; lost period): magnis dneum artibus → magnis ducum artibus; Romanis uiotoriam → Romanis uictoriam; quingenti Hannibal → quingenti. Hannibal.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.19.3 (CSEL 5:259; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.19.4CSEL 5:259
postea Carthaginem post sex et triginta annos, quam inde paruus cum patre exierat, uenit consultantique senatui nullam esse residuam spem nisi in petenda pace persuasit.
Afterwards he came to Carthage, thirty-six years after he had left it as a small boy with his father, and persuaded the deliberating senate that there was no hope left except in seeking peace.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal urged Carthage to make peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.19.4 (CSEL 5:259; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.19.5CSEL 5:259
C. Cornelio Lentulo P. Aelio Paeto consulibus Carthaginiensibus pax per Scipionem uoluntate senatus populique concessa est. naues tamen plus quam quingentae in altum productae in conspectu ciuitatis incensae sunt.
In the consulship of Gaius Cornelius Lentulus and Publius Aelius Paetus peace was granted to the Carthaginians through Scipio by the will of the senate and people. Yet more than five hundred ships were brought out into the deep and burned in sight of the city.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage made peace and its fleet was burned.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): P. Aelie Paeto → P. Aelio Paeto.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.19.5 (CSEL 5:259; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.19.6CSEL 5:259–260
Scipio, iam tum cognomento Africanus, triumphans Vrbem ingressus est; quem Terentius, qui postea comicus, ex nobilibus Carthaginiensium captiuis pilleatus — quod insigne indultae sibi libertatis fuit — triumphantem post currum secutus est.
Scipio, already then surnamed Africanus, entered the City in triumph; and Terentius, afterwards the comic poet, one of the noble Carthaginian captives, wearing the cap of freedom, which was the sign of the liberty granted him, followed him in triumph behind his chariot.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio Africanus triumphed.
- Orosius confuses the comic poet Terence with Q. Terentius Culleo, a senator freed from captivity.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.19.6 (CSEL 5:259–260; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-19-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).