Seven Books of History against the Pagans 4.6.1–4.12.13
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 4, chapter 6
4.6.1CSEL 5:217–218
Et quoniam ex hoc iam Punica bella succedunt, res ipsa exigit, ut de Carthagine, quae ante urbem Romam duo et septuaginta annos ab Helissa condita inuenitur, eiusque cladibus ac domesticis malis, sicut Pompeius Trogus et Iustinus exprimunt, uel pauca referantur.
And since from here the Punic wars follow, the matter itself requires that a few things be told about Carthage, which is found to have been founded by Elissa seventy-two years before the city of Rome, and about its disasters and domestic evils, as Pompeius Trogus and Justin set them out.
Notes and citation
Summary: He turns to the history of Carthage.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.1 (CSEL 5:217–218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.2CSEL 5:218
Carthaginienses uernaculum atque intestinum semper inter se malum habuere discordiam, qua infeliciter exagitante nulla umquam tempora uel foris prospera uel domi quieta duxerunt.
The Carthaginians always had discord among themselves as a native and internal evil; through its unhappy agitation they never spent any times either prosperous abroad or quiet at home.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage was always torn by discord.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.2 (CSEL 5:218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.3CSEL 5:218
sed cum inter cetera mala etiam pestilentia laborarent, homicidiis pro remediis usi sunt: quippe homines ut uictimas inmolabant aetatemque inpuberem, quae etiam hostium misericordiam prouocaret, aris admouebant.
But when, among other evils, they were also labouring with pestilence, they used murders as remedies: for they sacrificed men as victims and brought to the altars children under the age of puberty, an age which would rouse the pity even of enemies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage sacrificed children against plague.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.3 (CSEL 5:218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.4CSEL 5:218
De quo sacrorum immo sacrilegiorum genere quid potissime discutiendum sit non inuenio. si enim huiusmodi ritus aliqui daemones praecipere ausi sunt, ut mortibus hominum occisione hominum satisfieret, intellegendum fuit se operarios atque adiutores pestilentiae conduci, ut ipsi quos illa non corripuisset occiderent:
About this kind of sacred rites, or rather sacrileges, I do not find what most to discuss. For if some demons dared to command rites of this kind, that the deaths of men should be satisfied by the slaughter of men, it should have been understood that they were hiring themselves as workmen and helpers of the pestilence, so that they themselves killed those whom it had not seized:
Notes and citation
Summary: Such sacrifices only aided the plague.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.4 (CSEL 5:218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.5CSEL 5:218
sanas enim atque incorruptas offerri hostias mos est, ita ut illi non sedarent morbos sed praeuenirent.
for it is the custom to offer sound and uncorrupted victims, so that they did not calm the diseases but anticipated them.
Notes and citation
Summary: They killed the healthy before the plague could.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.5 (CSEL 5:218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.6CSEL 5:218
Itaque Carthaginienses auersis dis propter istius modi sacra — sicut Pompeius Trogus et Iustinus fatentur, sicut autem apud nos constat, propter praesumptionem impietatemque ipsorum irato Deo
So the Carthaginians, the gods being turned away because of sacred rites of this kind (as Pompeius Trogus and Justin acknowledge; but, as is established among us, because of their own presumption and impiety, God being angry),
Notes and citation
Summary: Their gods turned away, or rather God was angry.
- The sentence continues in 4.6.7.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.6 (CSEL 5:218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.7CSEL 5:218–219
— cum in Sicilia diu infeliciter dimicassent, translato in Sardiniam bello iterum infelicius uicti sunt. propter quod ducem suum Mazeum et paucos qui superfuerant milites exulare iusserunt. exules ueniam per legatos petentes repulsi patriam bello et obsidione cinxerunt.
when they had long fought unhappily in Sicily, the war transferred to Sardinia, were again defeated more unhappily still. For this reason they ordered their general Mazeus and the few soldiers who had survived into exile. The exiles, seeking pardon through envoys and repulsed, surrounded their country with war and siege.
Notes and citation
Summary: Exiled general Mazeus besieged Carthage.
- Mazeus is Malchus in Justin's manuscripts.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.7 (CSEL 5:218–219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.8CSEL 5:219
ibi tunc Mazeus dux exulum Carthalonem filium suum, sacerdotem Herculis, cur sibi uelut insultans purpuratus occurreret, in crucem sub oculis patriae ita ut erat cum purpuris infulisque suspendit.
There Mazeus, leader of the exiles, hanged his son Carthalo, a priest of Hercules, on a cross before the eyes of his country, just as he was, with his purple and fillets, because he had come to meet him clad in purple as though insulting him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mazeus crucified his own son.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ibi tnnc → ibi tunc; cnr sibi → cur sibi.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.8 (CSEL 5:219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.9CSEL 5:219
post paucos dies urbem ipsam cepit; qui cum, interfectis plurimis senatorum, cruente dominaretur, occisus est. haec temporibus Cyri Persarum regis gesta sunt.
After a few days he took the city itself; and when, having killed very many of the senators, he was ruling bloodily, he was killed. These things were done in the times of Cyrus, king of the Persians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mazeus took Carthage and was killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; words run together): pauoos → paucos; quicum → qui cum; plnrimis → plurimis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.9 (CSEL 5:219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.10CSEL 5:219
Post haec uero Himelcho rex Carthaginiensium cum in Sicilia bellum gereret, repente horribili peste exercitum amisit. nec mora:
After this Himilco, king of the Carthaginians, while waging war in Sicily, suddenly lost his army to a horrible plague. Nor was there delay:
Notes and citation
Summary: Himilco's army died of plague in Sicily.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.10 (CSEL 5:219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.11CSEL 5:219
morbis, populo cateruatim cadente, cito quisque correptus, mox mortuus, iam nec sepeliebatur: cuius mali nuntius cum attonitam repentino luctu Carthaginem repleuisset, non secus ac si capta esset turbata ciuitas fuit.
with the people falling in crowds from the diseases, each was quickly seized, soon dead, and no longer buried; when the news of this evil had filled Carthage, stunned by sudden grief, the city was thrown into turmoil no differently than if it had been captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage was thrown into grief.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): repleuisset,. → repleuisset,.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.11 (CSEL 5:219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.12CSEL 5:219
omnia ululatibus personabant, clausae ubique ianuae, cuncta publica priuataque officia damnata, uniuersi ad portum decurrunt egredientesque de nauibus paucos, qui cladi superfuerant, de suis percontantur.
everything resounded with wailing, doors were shut everywhere, all public and private duties were abandoned; all ran down to the harbour and questioned the few who had survived the disaster, as they came off the ships, about their own people.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage ran to the harbour for news.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nlulatibus → ululatibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.12 (CSEL 5:219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.13CSEL 5:219–220
postquam de clade suorum, tacentibus illis uel gementibus, miseri intellegunt, tunc toto litore plangentium uoces, tunc infelicium matrum ululatus et flebiles querellae audiebantur.
After the wretched people understood about the disaster of their own, while those men were silent or groaning, then along the whole shore the voices of mourners, then the shrieks and tearful complaints of unhappy mothers were heard.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mourning filled the shore.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.13 (CSEL 5:219–220; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.14CSEL 5:220
inter haec procedit et ipse de naui sua imperator sordida seruilique tunica discinctus; ad cuius conspectum plangentia iunguntur agmina; ipse quoque manus ad caelum tendens nunc suam nunc publicam infelicitatem accusat et deflet;
Amid this the general himself came forth from his ship, ungirt, in a dirty slave's tunic; at the sight of him the mourning columns joined together; he too, stretching his hands to heaven, accused and bewailed now his own, now the public misfortune;
Notes and citation
Summary: Himilco came ashore in a slave's tunic, lamenting.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): de nani saa → de naui sua.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.14 (CSEL 5:220; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.15CSEL 5:220
ad postremum uociferans per urbem, tandem ingressus domum, cunctos, qui lacrimantes prosequebantur, ultimo dimisit adloquio ac deinde obseratis ianuis exclusisque etiam filiis gladio dolorem uitamque finiuit. haec Darii temporibus gesta sunt.
at last, crying out through the city, he finally entered his house, dismissed with a last address all who followed him weeping, and then, the doors barred and even his sons shut out, ended his grief and his life with the sword. These things were done in the times of Darius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Himilco killed himself.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.15 (CSEL 5:220; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.16CSEL 5:220
Post haec Hanno, uir quidam Carthaginiensis priuatis opibus reipublicae uires superans, inuadendae dominationis hausit cupiditatem. cui rei consilium utile ratus est, ut simulatis unicae filiae nuptiis omnes senatores, quorum dignitatem obstaturam inceptis suis arbitrabatur, inter pocula ueneno necaret
After this Hanno, a certain Carthaginian who surpassed the strength of the commonwealth with his private wealth, conceived the desire to seize domination. He thought it a useful plan, under pretence of the marriage of his only daughter, to kill with poison over their cups all the senators whose dignity he judged would stand in the way of his undertakings.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hanno plotted to poison the senate.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.16 (CSEL 5:220; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.17CSEL 5:220
quae res per ministros prodita sine ultione uitata est, ne in uiro potenti plus negotii faceret res cognita quam cogitata. hoc consilio elusus Hanno alio machinamento facinus adgredi parat: seruitia concitat, quibus repente incautam urbem opprimeret.
This plan, betrayed by servants, was avoided without punishment, lest in the case of a powerful man the thing known should cause more trouble than the thing planned. Foiled in this plan, Hanno prepared to attempt the crime by another device: he stirred up the slaves, with whom he might suddenly overwhelm the unwary city.
Notes and citation
Summary: Foiled, Hanno raised the slaves.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.17 (CSEL 5:220; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.18CSEL 5:220–221
sed cum ante statutam caedibus diem proditum se praeuentumque intellexisset, castellum quoddam cum uiginti milibus seruorum armatis occupauit.
But when he understood that he had been betrayed and forestalled before the day fixed for the slaughter, he seized a certain fort with twenty thousand armed slaves.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hanno seized a fort with twenty thousand slaves.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.18 (CSEL 5:220–221; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.19CSEL 5:221
ibi dum Afros regemque Maurorum concitat, captus est ac primo uirgis caesus, deinde effossis oculis et manibus cruribusque fractis, uelut a singulis membris poena exigeretur, in conspectu populi necatus est.
There, while he was stirring up the Africans and the king of the Moors, he was captured, and first beaten with rods, then, his eyes gouged out and his hands and legs broken, as though punishment were exacted from each limb separately, he was killed in sight of the people.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hanno was tortured to death.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ihi dum → ibi dum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.19 (CSEL 5:221; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.20CSEL 5:221
corpus uerberibus lacerum cruci suffixum, filii cognatique omnes supplicio traditi, ne quis eum eiusdem familiae umquam aut imitari aut ulcisci meditaretur. haec temporibus Philippi gesta sunt.
His body, torn by blows, was fixed to a cross; his sons and all his kin were handed over to punishment, lest anyone of the same family should ever think of imitating or avenging him. These things were done in the times of Philip.
Notes and citation
Summary: His whole family was executed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): cognatiqae → cognatique; ae quis → ne quis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.20 (CSEL 5:221; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.21CSEL 5:221
Post haec Carthaginienses cum Tyrum urbem, auctorem originis suae, ab Alexandro Magno captam euersamque didicissent, timentes transitum eius in Africam futurum, Hamilcarem quendam cognomento Rhodanum, uirum facundia sollertiaque praecipuum, ad perscrutandos Alexandri actus direxerunt.
After this the Carthaginians, when they learned that the city of Tyre, the source of their origin, had been captured and overthrown by Alexander the Great, fearing that he would cross into Africa, sent a certain Hamilcar, surnamed Rhodanus, a man outstanding for eloquence and shrewdness, to search out the doings of Alexander.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage sent a spy to Alexander.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): auotorem → auctorem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.21 (CSEL 5:221; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.22CSEL 5:221
qui per Parmenionem quasi transfuga exceptus, dehinc in militiam regis admissus omnia ciuibus suis per tabellas scriptas et post cera superlitas enuntiabat. hunc mortuo Alexandro Carthaginem reuersum, quasi urbem regi uenditasset, non ingrato tantum animo uerum etiam crudeli inuidia necauerunt.
He was received through Parmenio as a deserter, then admitted into the king's army, and reported everything to his fellow citizens by tablets written and then covered over with wax. When he returned to Carthage after Alexander's death, they killed him, as though he had sold the city to the king, not only with an ungrateful spirit but even with cruel envy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage killed its loyal spy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.22 (CSEL 5:221; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.23CSEL 5:221–222
deinde cum adsidua nec umquam satis prospera aduersus Siculos bella gererent et Syracusas urbem Siciliae tunc florentissimam obsidione cinxissent, per Agathoclen Siciliae regem miro circumuenti ingenio usque ad extrema desperationis adducti sunt.
Then, when they were waging constant and never prosperous enough wars against the Sicilians and had surrounded with a siege Syracuse, then the most flourishing city of Sicily, they were outwitted by the wonderful ingenuity of Agathocles, king of Sicily, and brought to the extremes of despair.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agathocles outwitted Carthage.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): urbem. Siciliae → urbem Siciliae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.23 (CSEL 5:221–222; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.24CSEL 5:222
namque Agathocles cum apud Syracusas a Carthaginiensibus obsideretur ac se neque bello parem instructu copiarum neque obsidionis patientem stipendiorum sufficientia uideret. bene prouiso ac melius dissimulato consilio in Africam cum exercitu transiit. ibi suis quid moliatur aperit, deinde quid facto opus sit docet.
For Agathocles, when he was besieged at Syracuse by the Carthaginians and saw himself neither equal in war in the equipment of his forces nor able to endure a siege by the sufficiency of his pay, with a plan well foreseen and better concealed crossed into Africa with his army. There he revealed to his men what he was undertaking and then taught them what had to be done.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agathocles invaded Africa.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ae se neque → ac se neque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.24 (CSEL 5:222; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.25CSEL 5:222
ilico unanimiter naues primum in quibus uenere succendunt, ne qua spes refugiendi foret; dein cum omnia in quae direxisset prosterneret, uillas castellaque incenderet, Hannonem quendam cum triginta milibus Poenorum obuiam habuit. quem cum duobus milibus suorum interfecit; ipse autem duos tantum in eo bello perdidit.
At once, with one mind, they first burned the ships in which they had come, so that there would be no hope of fleeing back; then, while he laid low everything toward which he turned and burned villas and forts, he was met by a certain Hanno with thirty thousand Carthaginians. He killed him with two thousand of his men; he himself lost only two in that war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agathocles burned his ships and routed Hanno.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.25 (CSEL 5:222; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.26CSEL 5:222
qua pugna et Afrorum animis incredibiliter fractis et suorum in inmensum auctis urbes castellaque expugnat, praedas ingentes agit, hostium multa milia trucidat.
By this battle, the spirits of the Africans being incredibly broken and those of his men immensely increased, he stormed cities and forts, drove off huge plunder and slaughtered many thousands of the enemy.
Notes and citation
Summary: He plundered Africa.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): ingentes. agit → ingentes agit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.26 (CSEL 5:222; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-26
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.27CSEL 5:222
castra deinde ad quintum lapidem a Carthagine statuit, ut damna rerum opulentissimarum uastationemque agrorum et incendia uillarum de muris ipsius urbis specularentur.
Then he pitched camp at the fifth milestone from Carthage, so that they might watch from the walls of the city itself the losses of their richest possessions, the devastation of the fields and the burning of the villas.
Notes and citation
Summary: He camped within sight of Carthage.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.27 (CSEL 5:222; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-27). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-27
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.28CSEL 5:222
adicitur praesentibus malis tristior fama. nam et apud Siciliam deletus cum imperatore Afrorum exercitus nuntiatur, quem reuera incautum ac paene otiosum Andro Agathoclis frater oppresserat.
A sadder report was added to the present evils. For it was announced that in Sicily too the army of the Africans had been destroyed with its general, which Andro, brother of Agathocles, had in fact overwhelmed when it was unwary and almost idle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage's army in Sicily was also destroyed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.28 (CSEL 5:222; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-28
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.29CSEL 5:222–223
hoc per totam Africam rumore disperso non tributariae tantum urbes ab his, uerum etiam socii reges deficiebant. inter quos rex quoque Cyrenarum Afellas pactus est cum Agathocle communionem belli, dum regnum Africae ardenter adfectat.
When this rumour spread through all Africa, not only the tributary cities but even allied kings revolted from them. Among them the king of Cyrene too, Ophellas, made a pact with Agathocles for partnership in the war, while he ardently aspired to the kingdom of Africa.
Notes and citation
Summary: Africa revolted; Ophellas allied with Agathocles.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.29 (CSEL 5:222–223; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-29
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.30CSEL 5:223
sed postquam in unum exercitus et castra iunxerunt, per Agathoclen blandimentis et insidiis circumuentus occisus est.
But after they had joined their armies and camps into one, he was entrapped by Agathocles with flatteries and plots and killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agathocles murdered Ophellas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.30 (CSEL 5:223; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-30
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.31CSEL 5:223
Carthaginienses contractis undique copiis in bellum exarsere. quibus Agathocles habens secum Afellae copias congreditur, eosque magno utriusque exercitus sanguine et graui proelio superat.
The Carthaginians, gathering forces from every side, blazed into war. Agathocles, having with him the forces of Ophellas, engaged them and overcame them with much blood of both armies and in a heavy battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agathocles defeated Carthage again.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.31 (CSEL 5:223; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-31). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-31
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.32CSEL 5:223
hoc certaminis discrimine tanta desperatio inlata Poenis est, ut, nisi in exercitu Agathoclis orta seditio fuisset, transfugiturus ad eum Hamilcar dux Poenorum cum exercitu fuerit. ob quam noxam in medio foro iussu Carthaginiensium patibulo suffixus crudele spectaculum suis praebuit.
By the crisis of this contest so great a despair was brought on the Carthaginians that, had not a mutiny arisen in Agathocles' army, Hamilcar, general of the Carthaginians, would have deserted to him with his army. For this offence, by order of the Carthaginians, he was fixed to a gibbet in the middle of the forum and offered a cruel spectacle to his people.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage crucified a general who meant to desert.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.32 (CSEL 5:223; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-32). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-32
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.33CSEL 5:223
deinde cum post mortem Agathoclis Carthaginienses Siciliam instructa classe uastarent, a Pyrrho rege Epiri ab Italia arcessito terrestri naualique certamine saepe superati, nouissime ad Romana bella conuersi sunt.
Then, when after the death of Agathocles the Carthaginians were laying Sicily waste with a fleet prepared, they were often overcome in land and sea battles by Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, summoned from Italy, and at last turned to the Roman wars.
Notes and citation
Summary: After Pyrrhus, Carthage turned to war with Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.33 (CSEL 5:223; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-33). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-33
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.34CSEL 5:223
Pro dolor, legantne ista de ueteribus, qui de recentibus conqueruntur? immo legunt et ea non aequitate sed aemulatione coniciunt.
Oh the pain! Do those who complain of recent things read these things about the ancients? Indeed they read them, and judge them not with fairness but with rivalry.
Notes and citation
Summary: The complainers read such things, but unfairly.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.34 (CSEL 5:223; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-34). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-34
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.35CSEL 5:223–224
maximo enim illo et ineffabili quem nec ipsi discernunt abimnle conpunguntur non propter tempora mala sed propter tempora Christiana; et deriuatio est inuidi ulceris, ut, quidquid sub exsecrabili agitur, atrocius esse uideatur:
For they are stung by that very great and unspeakable goad, which they themselves do not perceive, not because of bad times but because of Christian times; and it is the outflow of an envious sore, that whatever is done under what is execrated seems more atrocious:
Notes and citation
Summary: They hate the times only because they are Christian.
- The digital text is garbled at *abimnle*; translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; word repeated and garbled): quem neo ipsi → quem nec ipsi; aideaturuideatur → uideatur.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.35 (CSEL 5:223–224; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-35). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-35
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.36CSEL 5:224
sicut etiam inter nos saepe inimicorum oculis uideri solet, eos, quos exsecrantur, nihil non prauum, nihil non subsiciuum, nihil non in uulnus suum dicto factoue agere, et hoc tamen plane simpliciter, in tantum enim captum cor obliquat inuidia, ut rectum natura non uideat;
just as among us too it is often seen by the eyes of enemies that those whom they execrate do nothing in word or deed that is not depraved, nothing not underhand, nothing not to their injury; and this quite simply, for envy so warps the captured heart that it does not see what is by nature straight;
Notes and citation
Summary: Envy sees evil in everything its enemy does.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sient etiam → sicut etiam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.36 (CSEL 5:224; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-36). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-36
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.37CSEL 5:224
de quorum numero sunt isti, sed multo miseriores quia inimici Dei ac perinde inimici ueritatis — de quibus flentes haec dicimus et quos misericorditer, si patiantur, arguimus, ut sa-
of whose number these are, but much more wretched, because they are enemies of God and consequently enemies of the truth (about whom we say these things weeping, and whom we reprove mercifully, if they will allow it, so as to heal
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans are enemies of God and truth.
- The sentence continues in 4.6.38.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): de quoram → de quorum.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.37 (CSEL 5:224; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-37). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-37
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.38CSEL 5:224
nemus, — qui uitioso oculo haec uident atque ideo duplicia illis uidentur quae uident et confusi caligine nequitiae in id cadunt, ut minus uidendo plus uideant, cum tamen id quod est ita ut est uidere non possint;
them), who see these things with a diseased eye, and therefore the things they see seem double to them, and, confused by the darkness of wickedness, they fall into this, that by seeing less they see more, while yet they cannot see what is as it is;
Matt 6:23 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Their diseased sight doubles every evil.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.38 (CSEL 5:224; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-38). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-38
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.39CSEL 5:224
qui grauiora arbitrantur flagella patris, quam hostis incendia; qui acerbiorem uocant blandientem admonentem et redimentem Deum quam persequentem dominantem trucidantemque diabolum;
who think the scourges of a father heavier than the fires of an enemy; who call God, who coaxes, admonishes and redeems, harsher than the devil, who persecutes, dominates and slaughters;
Heb 12:6 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They think God's correction worse than the devil's cruelty.
- The father's scourge recalls Heb 12:6.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): arbitrantnr → arbitrantur; aoerbiorem → acerbiorem.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.39 (CSEL 5:224; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-39). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-39
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.40CSEL 5:224
quamquam, si de patre intellegerent, de castigatione gauderent et, si praeuideretur fructus eruditionis, esset disciplina tolerabilis ac propter spem, quae nunc gentibus data est, antea uero non fuerat, leuiora ducerent, etsi grauiora paterentur.
although, if they understood it of a father, they would rejoice at the chastisement, and if the fruit of the training were foreseen, the discipline would be tolerable; and because of the hope which is now given to the nations, but before had not been, they would count things lighter, even if they suffered heavier ones.
Heb 12:11 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God's discipline, with Christian hope, should be borne gladly.
- Cf. Heb 12:7–11.
Topics: Suffering and affliction
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.40 (CSEL 5:224; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-40). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-40
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.41CSEL 5:224–225
quamquam contemptus miseriarum possunt etiam a suis discere, apud quos summa mala pro summis bonis aestimata sunt, tantum ut gloriam famae celebrem atque inlustrem consequerentur:
Although they can learn contempt for miseries even from their own, among whom the greatest evils were esteemed the greatest goods, so long as they attained a celebrated and illustrious glory of fame:
Notes and citation
Summary: Pagans of old endured much for fame.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.41 (CSEL 5:224–225; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-41). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-41
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.6.42CSEL 5:225
per quos colligi datur, quanta nobis, quibus aeternitas beata promittitur, sint toleranda pro uita, cum illi tanta potuerint tolerare pro fama.
from whom it may be inferred how much we, to whom a blessed eternity is promised, ought to endure for life, when they could endure so much for fame.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christians should endure more for eternal life.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.6.42 (CSEL 5:225; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-42). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-6-42
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 7
4.7.1CSEL 5:225
Anno ab Vrbe condita CCCCLXXXIII id est Appio Claudio Q. Fabio consulibus Mamertinis, quorum Messana nobilis Siciliae ciuitas erat, auxilia contra Hieronem Syracusanum regem et Poenorum copias Hieroni iunctas et Appium Claudium consulem cum exercitu misere Romani.
In the 483rd year from the founding of the City, that is, in the consulship of Appius Claudius and Quintus Fabius, the Romans sent help to the Mamertines, whose city was Messana, a noble city of Sicily, against Hiero, king of Syracuse, and the forces of the Carthaginians joined to Hiero: they sent the consul Appius Claudius with an army.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome sent Appius Claudius to Sicily, beginning the First Punic War.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Sieiliae → Siciliae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.1 (CSEL 5:225; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.2CSEL 5:225
qui tam celeriter Syracusanos Poenosque superauit, ut ipse quoque rex rerum magnitudine perterritus ante se uictum quam congressum fuisse prodiderit:
He so quickly overcame the Syracusans and Carthaginians that the king himself too, terrified by the greatness of events, declared that he had been conquered before he engaged:
Notes and citation
Summary: Appius quickly defeated Hiero.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.2 (CSEL 5:225; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.3CSEL 5:225
qui exim fractis uiribus amissaque fiducia cum pacem supplex rogaret, ducentis argenti talentis iussu consulum multatus accepit.
and he, his strength thereafter broken and his confidence lost, when he begged for peace as a suppliant, received it, fined two hundred talents of silver by order of the consuls.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hiero made peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.3 (CSEL 5:225; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.4CSEL 5:225
consules Agrigentum Siciliae ciuitatem ibique praesidia Poenorum operibus ualloque cinxerunt.
The consuls surrounded Agrigentum, a city of Sicily, and the Carthaginian garrisons there with siege works and a rampart.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome besieged Agrigentum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.4 (CSEL 5:225; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.5CSEL 5:225–226
cumque inclusus ea obsidione senior Hannibal imperator Poenorum ad summam egestatem redactus esset, Hanno imperator nonus Carthaginiensium cum equitibus mille quingentis et triginta milibus peditum, triginta etiam elephantis ex inprouiso intercessit expugnationemque ciuitatis paulisper distulit.
And when Hannibal the elder, general of the Carthaginians, shut in by that siege, had been reduced to extreme want, Hanno, a new general of the Carthaginians, with fifteen hundred horse and thirty thousand foot and also thirty elephants, intervened unexpectedly and put off the storming of the city for a little.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hanno came to relieve Agrigentum.
- 'New' renders *nonus*, apparently for *nouus*.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): trigiuta → triginta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.5 (CSEL 5:225–226; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.6CSEL 5:226
sed continuo ciuitas capta est. Poeni maximo bello uicti et profligati, undecim elephanti in potestatem redacti, Agrigentini sub corona omnes uenditi sunt; Hannibal senior facta cum paucis eruptione diffugit.
But the city was soon taken. The Carthaginians were defeated and routed in a very great battle, eleven elephants brought into Roman power, and the people of Agrigentum all sold at auction; Hannibal the elder escaped with a few by a sally.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agrigentum fell.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): maximo bello nicti → maximo bello uicti.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.6 (CSEL 5:226; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.7CSEL 5:226
Cn. Cornelio Asina C. Duilio consulibus cum Hannibal senior oram Italiae maritimam instructa septuaginta nauium classe uastaret, Romani et ipsi classem fabricari atque instrui praeceperunt.
In the consulship of Gnaeus Cornelius Asina and Gaius Duilius, when Hannibal the elder was ravaging the coast of Italy with a fleet of seventy ships prepared, the Romans too ordered a fleet to be built and equipped.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome built a fleet.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): consulibus oum Hannibal → consulibus cum Hannibal.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.7 (CSEL 5:226; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.8CSEL 5:226
quod Duilius consul celeriter inpleuit; nam intra sexaginta dies quam arbores caesae erant centum triginta nauium classis deducta in anchoris stetit.
The consul Duilius quickly accomplished this; for within sixty days after the trees had been cut, a fleet of a hundred and thirty ships was launched and stood at anchor.
Notes and citation
Summary: A fleet was built in sixty days.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): inplenit → inpleuit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.8 (CSEL 5:226; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.9CSEL 5:226
Cornelius Asina consul alter cum sedecim nauibus Liparam insulam petiit; ubi ab Hannibale quasi ad conloquium pacis euocatus Punica fraude captus atque in uinculis necatus est.
Cornelius Asina, the other consul, went with sixteen ships to the island of Lipara; there, called out by Hannibal as if to a conference on peace, he was taken by Punic fraud and killed in chains.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cornelius was captured by treachery.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.9 (CSEL 5:226; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.10CSEL 5:226
quod ubi Duilius alter consul audiit, cum triginta nauibus aduersus Hannibalem profectus est. commisso nauali proelio Hannibal, amissa naui qua uehebatur, scapha subductus aufugit; triginta et una naues eius captae, tredecim mersae, tria milia hominum occisa, septem milia capta referuntur.
When Duilius, the other consul, heard this, he set out with thirty ships against Hannibal. When the naval battle was joined, Hannibal, having lost the ship in which he sailed, escaped in a skiff; thirty-one of his ships were captured, thirteen sunk, three thousand men are reported killed, seven thousand captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: Duilius won Rome's first naval victory.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.10 (CSEL 5:226; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.11CSEL 5:226–227
Postea Carthaginienses C. Aquilio Floro L. Cornelio Scipione consulibus Hannonem in locum Hannibalis subrogatum pro Sardis et Corsis defensandis nauali proelio praefecerunt, qui a Scipione consule uictus, amisso exercitu ipse confertissimis hostibus se inmiscuit ibique interfectus est.
Afterwards, in the consulship of Gaius Aquilius Florus and Lucius Cornelius Scipio, the Carthaginians put Hanno, appointed in place of Hannibal, in command of a naval battle to defend the Sardinians and Corsicans; defeated by the consul Scipio, having lost his army, he threw himself among the densest enemies and was killed there.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio defeated Hanno off Sardinia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): Oorsis → Corsis; Seipione → Scipione; ae inmiscnit → se inmiscuit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.11 (CSEL 5:226–227; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.7.12CSEL 5:227
eodem anno tria milia seruorum et quattuor milia naualium sociorum in urbis Romae excidium coniurarunt et, nisi maturata proditio consilium praeuenisset, destituta praesidio ciuitas seruili manu perisset.
In the same year three thousand slaves and four thousand naval allies conspired to destroy the city of Rome, and, had not an early betrayal forestalled the plan, the city, left without a garrison, would have perished by the hand of slaves.
Notes and citation
Summary: A slave conspiracy against Rome was foiled.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): manu. perisset → manu perisset.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.7.12 (CSEL 5:227; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-7-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 8
4.8.1CSEL 5:227
Anno ab hoc proximo Calatinus consul Camerinam Siciliae urbem petens temere in angustias deduxit exercitum, quas Poenorum copiae iam dudum praestruxerant.
In the year next to this, the consul Calatinus, making for Camarina, a city of Sicily, rashly led his army into narrows which the Carthaginian forces had long since blocked.
Notes and citation
Summary: Calatinus led his army into a trap.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips; stray period): Anno ab hec preximo → Anno ab hoc proximo; petens. temere → petens temere.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.1 (CSEL 5:227; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.2CSEL 5:227
cui cum omnino nulla uel obsistendi uel euadendi facultas esset, Calpurni Flammae uirtute et opera liberatus est, qui lecta trecentorum uirorum manu insessum ab hostibus tumulum occupauit et in se Poenos omnes pugnando conuertit, donec Romanus exercitus obsessas angustias hoste non urguente transiret.
When he had no means at all either of resisting or escaping, he was freed by the courage and effort of Calpurnius Flamma, who with a chosen band of three hundred men seized a hill occupied by the enemy and turned all the Carthaginians on himself by fighting, until the Roman army passed through the besieged narrows with the enemy not pressing.
Notes and citation
Summary: Calpurnius Flamma and three hundred men saved the army.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.2 (CSEL 5:227; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.3CSEL 5:227
caesi sunt in eo bello omnes trecenti, solus Calpurnius quamuis multis confossus uulneribus et cadaueribus obtectus euasit.
All three hundred were killed in that battle; Calpurnius alone, though pierced with many wounds and covered with corpses, escaped.
Notes and citation
Summary: All died but Calpurnius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): oaesi sunt → caesi sunt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.3 (CSEL 5:227; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.4CSEL 5:227
Hannibal senior a Carthaginiensibus iterum classi praepositus, infeliciter cum Romanis nauali proelio congressus et uictus, ab exercitu suo seditione orta lapidibus coopertus interiit.
Hannibal the elder, put in command of the fleet again by the Carthaginians, engaged the Romans unhappily in a naval battle and was defeated; a mutiny arising in his army, he was covered with stones and died.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hannibal the elder was stoned by his men.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.4 (CSEL 5:227; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.5CSEL 5:227
Atilius consul Liparam Melitamque insulas Siciliae nobiles peruagatus euertit.
The consul Atilius ranged over and overthrew Lipara and Melita, noble islands of Sicily.
Notes and citation
Summary: Atilius ravaged Lipara and Malta.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Atitius → Atilius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.5 (CSEL 5:227; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.6CSEL 5:227–228
consules, in Africam iussi transferre bellum, cum trecentis triginta nauibus Siciliam petiuerunt: quibus Hamilcar Poenorum imperator et Hanno classi praefectus occurrit. conserto nauali proelio Carthaginienses in fugam uersi sexaginta et quattuor naues perdiderunt.
The consuls, ordered to carry the war into Africa, made for Sicily with three hundred and thirty ships; Hamilcar, the Carthaginian general, and Hanno, commander of the fleet, met them. When a naval battle was joined the Carthaginians were put to flight and lost sixty-four ships.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome won a sea battle on the way to Africa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.6 (CSEL 5:227–228; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.7CSEL 5:228
uictores consules in Africam transuecti sunt primamque omnium Clipeam urbem in deditionem receperunt.
The victorious consuls crossed into Africa and first of all received the city of Clupea in surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome landed in Africa.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): consnles → consules.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.7 (CSEL 5:228; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.8CSEL 5:228
inde Carthaginem petentes trecenta aut eo amplius castella populati sunt, infesta Carthagini signa circumtulerunt.
Then, making for Carthage, they ravaged three hundred forts or more and carried hostile standards around Carthage.
Notes and citation
Summary: They ravaged the land around Carthage.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): trecenta ant eo → trecenta aut eo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.8 (CSEL 5:228; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.9CSEL 5:228
Manlius consul Africa cum uictrici classe decedens septem et uiginti milia captiuorum cum ingentibus spoliis Romam reuexit.
The consul Manlius, leaving Africa with the victorious fleet, brought back to Rome twenty-seven thousand captives with huge spoils.
Notes and citation
Summary: Manlius returned with many captives.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.9 (CSEL 5:228; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.10CSEL 5:228
Regulus, bellum Carthaginiense sortitus, iter cum exercitu faciens haud procul a flumine Bagrada castra constituit: ubi cum plurimos militum aquandi necessitate ad flumen descendentes serpens mirae magnitudinis deuoraret, Regulus ad expugnandam bestiam cum exercitu profectus est.
Regulus, allotted the Carthaginian war, while marching with his army, pitched camp not far from the river Bagradas: there, when a serpent of wonderful size was devouring very many of the soldiers who went down to the river out of the need for water, Regulus set out with his army to attack the beast.
Notes and citation
Summary: A giant serpent attacked Regulus's army.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.10 (CSEL 5:228; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.11CSEL 5:228–229
sed nihil in tergo eius proficientibus iaculis atque omni telorum ictu inrito, quae per horrendam squamarum cratem quasi per obliquam scutorum testudinem labebantur mirumque in modum, ne corpus laederent, ipso corpore pellebantur, cum insuper magnam multitudinem morsu conminui, impetu proteri, halitu etiam pestifero exanimari uideret, ballistas deferri imperauit, per quas molare saxum spinae eius incussum conpagem totius corporis soluit.
But when javelins availed nothing on its back and every stroke of missiles was in vain, for they slid off the horrid lattice of its scales as off a slanting tortoise of shields and were in a wonderful way driven back by the body itself so as not to harm the body, and when moreover he saw a great multitude crushed by its bite, trampled by its rush, and even killed by its pestilent breath, he ordered ballistas to be brought, by which a millstone struck against its spine broke the structure of its whole body.
Notes and citation
Summary: A ballista stone broke the serpent's spine.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; unreadable characters in the digital text): corp??s → corpus; motare saxum → molare saxum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.11 (CSEL 5:228–229; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.12CSEL 5:229
talis siquidem est natura serpentis, ut, cum pedibus carere uideatur, costis tamen et squamis, quas a summo gutture usque ad imam aluum parili modo dispositas habet, ita instruitur, ut squamis quasi unguibus, costis quasi cruribus innitatur.
For such is the nature of the serpent that, though it seems to lack feet, it is so equipped with ribs and scales, which it has arranged in like fashion from the top of its throat to the bottom of its belly, that it supports itself on the scales as on claws and on the ribs as on legs.
Notes and citation
Summary: How serpents move.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ut, oum pedibus → ut, cum pedibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.12 (CSEL 5:229; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.13CSEL 5:229
non enim ut uermis, cui spinae rigor non est, et in directum corpusculi sui partes gradatim porrigendo contractas, contrahendo porrectas motum explicat, sed alternis intenta conatibus latera sinuosa circumfert, ut per exteriorem spinae curuaturam rigentem costarum aciem tendat, costis autem natura ad summum rectis squamarum ungulas figat; quod uicissim et celeriter agendo non solum plana perlabitur, sed etiam conuexa conscendit, tot uestigiis instructa quot costis.
For it does not, like a worm, which has no rigid spine, unfold its motion in a straight line by stretching forward the contracted parts of its little body step by step and contracting the stretched ones; but with alternate efforts it carries its winding sides around, so that along the outer curve of its spine it stretches the stiff edge of its ribs, and on the ribs, by nature set upright, it fixes the claws of its scales; and by doing this alternately and quickly, it not only glides over flat ground but also climbs slopes, equipped with as many footholds as ribs.
Notes and citation
Summary: The serpent moves by ribs and scales.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): at uermis, oui → ut uermis, cui; at per exteriorem → ut per exteriorem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.13 (CSEL 5:229; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.14CSEL 5:229–230
huius itaque rei causa est, ut, si in qualibet corporis parte ab aluo usque ad caput ictu aliquo conlidatur, debilis reddita cursum habere non possit; quia ubicumque ille ictus inciderit spinam soluit, per quam costarum pedes et motus corporis agebantur. unde etiam haec serpens, quae tamdiu tot iaculis inuulnerabilis obstitit, ad unius saxi ictum debilis cessit ac mox circumuenta telis facile oppressa est.
The reason for this, then, is that if it is struck by some blow in any part of its body from belly to head, it is weakened and cannot move; because wherever that blow falls it breaks the spine, through which the feet of the ribs and the movements of the body were worked. Hence too this serpent, which had so long resisted so many javelins, invulnerable, gave way, weakened, at the blow of one stone, and soon, surrounded by missiles, was easily overcome.
Notes and citation
Summary: One blow to the spine disabled it.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.14 (CSEL 5:229–230; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.15CSEL 5:230
corium autem eius Romam deuectum — quod fuisse centum uiginti pedum spatio ferunt — aliquamdiu cunctis miraculo fuit.
Its skin, brought to Rome, which they say was a hundred and twenty feet long, was for some time a wonder to all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Its 120-foot skin was shown at Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): aitem eiue → autem eius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.15 (CSEL 5:230; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.8.16CSEL 5:230
Regulus aduersum tres imperatores, id est Hasdrubales duos et accitum ex Sicilia Hamilcarem, atrocissimum bellum gessit, in quo caesa sunt Carthaginiensium decem et septem milia, capta autem quinque milia, decem et octo elephanti abducti, oppida octoginta et duo in deditionem cessere Romanis.
Regulus waged a most fierce war against three generals, that is, the two Hasdrubals and Hamilcar summoned from Sicily, in which seventeen thousand Carthaginians were slain, five thousand captured, eighteen elephants led off, and eighty-two towns surrendered to the Romans.
Notes and citation
Summary: Regulus won a great victory.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Hasdrnbales → Hasdrubales.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.8.16 (CSEL 5:230; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-8-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 9
4.9.1CSEL 5:230–231
Carthaginienses fracti bellis et cladibus exinaniti pacem Regulo poposcerunt. sed cum intolerabiles et duras condiciones pacis audissent, tutius rati sese armatos mori quam miseros uiuere, pretio non solum Hispanorum uel Gallorum auxilia, quae iam dudum plurima habebant, sed etiam Graecorum conparanda duxerunt.
The Carthaginians, broken by wars and drained by disasters, asked Regulus for peace. But when they heard the unbearable and harsh conditions of peace, thinking it safer to die armed than to live wretched, they decided to hire not only the help of the Spaniards and Gauls, which they had long had in great numbers, but also of the Greeks.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage rejected Regulus's terms and hired Greeks.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.1 (CSEL 5:230–231; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.2CSEL 5:231
itaque Xanthippum Lacedaemoniorum regem cum auxiliis accitum, ducem bello praefecerunt. Xanthippus, inspectis Poenorum copiis atque in campum deductis, longe in melius mutato apparatu pugnam cum Romanis conseruit.
So they summoned Xanthippus, king of the Lacedaemonians, with auxiliaries and put him in command of the war. Xanthippus, having inspected the Carthaginian forces and led them out onto the plain, with their equipment far changed for the better, joined battle with the Romans.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xanthippus took command.
- Xanthippus was a Spartan mercenary commander, not a king.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.2 (CSEL 5:231; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.3CSEL 5:231
ingens ibi ruina Romanorum uirium fuit: nam triginta milia militum Romanorum in illa tunc congressione prostrata sunt. Regulus ille dux nobilis cum quingentis uiris captus est et in catenas coniectus decimo demum anno Punici belli nobilem triumphum Carthaginiensibus praebuit.
There was a huge ruin of Roman strength there: for thirty thousand Roman soldiers were laid low in that engagement. Regulus, that noble general, was captured with five hundred men, thrown into chains, and in the tenth year of the Punic war at last provided the Carthaginians with a notable triumph.
Notes and citation
Summary: Regulus was defeated and captured.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.3 (CSEL 5:231; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.4CSEL 5:231
Xanthippus tam audacis facti conscius rerum instabilium mutationem timens ilico ex Africa migrauit in Graeciam.
Xanthippus, aware of so daring a deed and fearing the change of unstable things, at once left Africa for Greece.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xanthippus went home.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.4 (CSEL 5:231; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.5CSEL 5:231
Igitur Aemilius Paulus et Fuluius Nobilior consules audita captiuitate Reguli et clade exercitus Romani transire in Africam cum classe trecentarum nauium iussi Clipeam petunt. eo confestim Carthaginienses cum pari classe uenerunt; nec differri potuit nauale certamen.
So the consuls Aemilius Paulus and Fulvius Nobilior, hearing of the capture of Regulus and the disaster of the Roman army, ordered to cross into Africa with a fleet of three hundred ships, made for Clupea. The Carthaginians came there at once with an equal fleet; nor could the naval battle be put off.
Notes and citation
Summary: A new Roman fleet sailed to Africa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.5 (CSEL 5:231; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.6CSEL 5:231
centum et quattuor naues Carthaginiensium demersae, triginta cum pugnatoribus captae, praeterea triginta et quinque milia militum ex ipsis caesa sunt; Romanorum autem nouem nauibus depressis mille centum periere milites. consules apud Clipeam castra posuerunt.
A hundred and four ships of the Carthaginians were sunk, thirty captured with their fighting men, and besides thirty-five thousand of their soldiers were killed; of the Romans, nine ships being sunk, eleven hundred soldiers perished. The consuls pitched camp at Clupea.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome won a great sea battle.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): periere. milites. → periere milites..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.6 (CSEL 5:231; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.7CSEL 5:231–232
duo Hannones imperatores Poenorum eo rursus cum magno exercitu conuenerunt proelioque commisso nouem milia militum perdiderunt.
Two Hannos, generals of the Carthaginians, again came there with a great army, and when battle was joined they lost nine thousand soldiers.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Carthaginians lost again.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.7 (CSEL 5:231–232; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.8CSEL 5:232
sed — ut tunc apud Romanos numquam diuturna felicitas erat et qualescumque successus magnis continuo malorum molibus obruebantur — cum Romana classis ad Italiam praedis onusta remearet, infando naufragio euersa est: nam de trecentis nauibus ducentae uiginti perierunt, octoginta uix abiectis oneribus liberatae sunt.
But (as then among the Romans there was never lasting good fortune, and whatever successes they had were at once overwhelmed by great masses of evils) when the Roman fleet was returning to Italy laden with plunder, it was overturned by an unspeakable shipwreck: for of three hundred ships two hundred and twenty perished; eighty were barely saved by throwing their cargo overboard.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fleet was wrecked on the way home.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.8 (CSEL 5:232; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.9CSEL 5:232
Hamilcar dux Poenorum cum exercitu in Numidiam Mauretaniamque missus postquam hostiliter cruenteque in uniuersos egit, cur Regulum libenter suscepisse dicerentur, mille argenti talentis et uiginti milibus boum reliquos condemnauit; principes autem omnium populorum patibulo suffixit.
Hamilcar, general of the Carthaginians, sent with an army into Numidia and Mauretania, after acting as an enemy and bloodily against all, because they were said to have welcomed Regulus gladly, condemned the rest to pay a thousand talents of silver and twenty thousand oxen; but the leading men of all the peoples he fixed to gibbets.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hamilcar punished the Africans who had welcomed Regulus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.9 (CSEL 5:232; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.10CSEL 5:232
Tertio anno — sicut semper indomitus furor cito periculorum obliuiscitur — Seruilius Caepio et Sempronius Blaesus consules ducentis sexaginta nauibus in Africam transgressi uniuersam oram maritimam, quae circa Syrtes iacet, depopulati sunt atque in superiora progressi captis euersisque ciuitatibus plurimis ingentem praedam ad classem deuexerunt.
In the third year (as untamed fury always quickly forgets dangers) the consuls Servilius Caepio and Sempronius Blaesus crossed into Africa with two hundred and sixty ships, ravaged the whole coast that lies around the Syrtes, and, advancing inland, took and overthrew very many cities and carried huge plunder to the fleet.
Notes and citation
Summary: Another Roman fleet raided Africa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.10 (CSEL 5:232; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.11CSEL 5:232–233
inde cum ad Italiam redirent, circa Palinuri promuntorium, quod a Lucanis montibus in altum excurrit, inlisi scopulis centum quinquaginta naues onerarias nobilemque praedam crudeliter adquisitam infeliciter perdiderunt.
Then, as they were returning to Italy, near the promontory of Palinurus, which runs out from the Lucanian mountains into the deep, they were dashed on the rocks and unhappily lost a hundred and fifty transport ships and the noble plunder cruelly acquired.
Notes and citation
Summary: That fleet too was wrecked.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.11 (CSEL 5:232–233; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.12CSEL 5:233
uicit aliquando apud Romanos improbissimam cupiditatem enormitas miseriarum: nam patres, quibus iam nauticae rei pertaesum esset, decreuere ne amplius quam sexaginta nauium classis ad subsidium haberetur Italiae; quod quidem decretum continuo adacti indomita cupiditate ruperunt.
At length among the Romans the enormity of miseries overcame their most wicked greed: for the fathers, now weary of naval affairs, decreed that no fleet of more than sixty ships should be kept for the defence of Italy; which decree, driven by untamed greed, they at once broke.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome limited its fleet, then broke its own decree.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period and digitization slip): pertaesum. esset, decrenere → pertaesum esset, decreuere.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.12 (CSEL 5:233; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.13CSEL 5:233
praeterea Cotta consul in Siciliam transgressus plurimis proeliis aduersum Poenos et Siculos terra marique pugnauit et per totam Siciliam partim hostium, partim etiam sociorum inhumatas strages reliquit.
Besides, the consul Cotta crossed into Sicily and fought in very many battles against the Carthaginians and Sicilians by land and sea, and left throughout all Sicily unburied heaps of slain, partly of enemies, partly even of allies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cotta's campaigns in Sicily.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.13 (CSEL 5:233; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.14CSEL 5:233
L. Caecilio Metello C. Furio Placido consulibus Hasdrubal nouus Carthaginiensium imperator cum elephantis centum triginta et equitum peditumque amplius triginta milibus Lilybaeum uenit ex Africa et continuo cum Metello consule apud Panormum pugnam conseruit.
In the consulship of Lucius Caecilius Metellus and Gaius Furius Placidus, Hasdrubal, the new general of the Carthaginians, came from Africa to Lilybaeum with a hundred and thirty elephants and more than thirty thousand horse and foot, and at once joined battle with the consul Metellus near Panormus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hasdrubal fought Metellus at Panormus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.14 (CSEL 5:233; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.9.15CSEL 5:233–234
sed Metellus uim magnam beluarum timens prius eas magno usus consilio uel in fugam uel in mortem egit et sic facile quamuis magnam uim hostium superauit: xx milia Carthaginiensium in eo proelio caesa sunt, elephanti quoque sex et uiginti interfecti centum et quattuor capti et per Italiam ducti maximum Italicis gentibus spectaculum praebuerunt. Hasdrubal cum paucis Lilybaeum profugit atque absens a Poenis capitis damnatus est.
But Metellus, fearing the great force of the beasts, using great counsel first drove them either to flight or to death, and so easily overcame the enemy's force, however great: twenty thousand Carthaginians were slain in that battle; twenty-six elephants too were killed, and a hundred and four captured, which, led through Italy, offered a very great spectacle to the Italian peoples. Hasdrubal fled with a few to Lilybaeum and in his absence was condemned to death by the Carthaginians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Metellus won and captured a hundred and four elephants.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): uim hostiam → uim hostium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.9.15 (CSEL 5:233–234; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-9-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 10
4.10.1CSEL 5:234
Post haec fessi tot malis Carthaginienses petendam esse pacem a Romanis decreuerunt. ad quam rem Atilium Regulum antea ducem Romanum, quem iam per quinque annos captiuum detinebant, inter ceteros legatos praecipue mittendum putauerunt: quem non impetrata pace ab Italia reuersum resectis palpebris inligatum in machina uigilando necauerunt.
After this the Carthaginians, weary of so many evils, decreed that peace must be sought from the Romans. For this purpose they thought Atilius Regulus, formerly a Roman general, whom they had been holding captive for five years, should be sent especially among the other envoys: when he returned from Italy, peace not obtained, they cut off his eyelids, bound him in a machine, and killed him by keeping him awake.
Notes and citation
Summary: Regulus was sent to Rome and, on his return, tortured to death.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): putanerunt → putauerunt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.10.1 (CSEL 5:234; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.10.2CSEL 5:234
alter deinde Atilius Regulus et Manlius Vulsco, ambo bis consules, cum classe ducentarum nauium et quattuor legionibus Lilybaeum profecti: quod oppidum in promuntorio situm Romani obsidere conati, superueniente Hannibale qui Hamilcaris filius fuit uicti, maiore exercitus sui parte perdita ipsi aegre euaserunt.
Then the other Atilius Regulus and Manlius Vulso, both consuls for the second time, set out for Lilybaeum with a fleet of two hundred ships and four legions: when the Romans tried to besiege that town, set on a promontory, they were defeated by Hannibal, who was the son of Hamilcar, coming upon them, and, having lost the greater part of their army, they themselves barely escaped.
Notes and citation
Summary: The siege of Lilybaeum failed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): fuit uieti → fuit uicti.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.10.2 (CSEL 5:234; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.10.3CSEL 5:234–235
post hos Claudius consul cum classe centum uiginti nauium ad Drepani portum contra hostem profectus: ubi mox exceptus classe Poenorum superatusque est. et ipse quidem cum triginta nauibus Lilybaeum in castra confugit, reliquae omnes, id est nonaginta, aut captae aut demersae fuerunt; octo milia militum caesa, uiginti milia capta referuntur. Gaius quoque Iunius collega Claudi uniuersam classem naufragio amisit.
After these the consul Claudius set out against the enemy with a fleet of a hundred and twenty ships to the harbour of Drepana; there he was soon met by the Carthaginian fleet and overcome. He himself fled with thirty ships to the camp at Lilybaeum; all the rest, that is, ninety, were either captured or sunk; eight thousand soldiers are reported slain, twenty thousand captured. Gaius Junius too, Claudius's colleague, lost his whole fleet by shipwreck.
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius was defeated at Drepana; Junius lost his fleet.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ant demersae → aut demersae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.10.3 (CSEL 5:234–235; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.10.4CSEL 5:235
Anno etiam consequenti classis Punica in Italiam transiit eiusque plurimas partes longe lateque uastauit.
In the following year too the Carthaginian fleet crossed into Italy and laid waste very many parts of it far and wide.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage raided Italy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.10.4 (CSEL 5:235; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.10.5CSEL 5:235
interea Lutatius cum classe trecentarum nauium in Siciliam transuectus dum apud Drepanam ciuitatem pugnam inter primores ciet, transfixo femore aegerrime, cum iam obrueretur, ereptus est.
Meanwhile Lutatius, crossing into Sicily with a fleet of three hundred ships, while he was stirring battle among the foremost at the city of Drepana, was pierced through the thigh and rescued with great difficulty when he was already being overwhelmed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lutatius was wounded at Drepana.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.10.5 (CSEL 5:235; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.10.6CSEL 5:235
Porro autem Poeni cum quadringentis nauibus magnisque copiis ad Siciliam duce Hannone concurrunt. nec Lutatius segnior, immo consilia Poenorum mira celeritate praeuenit postquam proxime sibi utrorumque classes apud Aegades insulas per totam noctem intertextis propemodum anchoris constiterunt, orta luce prior Lutatius signum bello dedit.
Moreover, the Carthaginians hastened to Sicily with four hundred ships and great forces under Hanno as leader. Nor was Lutatius slower; indeed he forestalled the plans of the Carthaginians with wonderful speed. After the fleets of both had stood very near each other at the Aegates islands all night, with their anchors almost interwoven, at daybreak Lutatius first gave the signal for battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fleets met at the Aegates islands.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Poeni cufn → Poeni cum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.10.6 (CSEL 5:235; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.10.7CSEL 5:235–236
crudescente pugna uictus Hanno nauem auertit et dux fugae primus fuit. aliquanta cum eo pars exercitus sui Africam petiit, alii confugere Lilybaeum; sexaginta et tres Punicae naues captae sunt, centum uiginti quinque demersae, triginta duo milia hominum capta, caesa quattuordecim milia fuere; Romanorum autem duodecim naues demersae sunt.
As the fight grew fierce Hanno, defeated, turned his ship and was the first leader of the flight. A considerable part of his army made for Africa with him, others fled to Lilybaeum; sixty-three Carthaginian ships were captured, a hundred and twenty-five sunk, thirty-two thousand men captured and fourteen thousand slain; but of the Romans twelve ships were sunk.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome won the decisive battle of the Aegates.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.10.7 (CSEL 5:235–236; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.10.8CSEL 5:236
Lutatius deinde ad Erycinam ciuitatem, quam Poeni tenebant, uenit ibique duo milia Carthaginiensium conserta pugna interfecit.
Lutatius then came to the city of Eryx, which the Carthaginians held, and there, joining battle, killed two thousand Carthaginians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lutatius won at Eryx.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): Lntatias → Lutatius; Carthaginiensium. conserta → Carthaginiensium conserta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.10.8 (CSEL 5:236; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-10-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 11
4.11.1CSEL 5:236
Tunc Carthaginienses praecipiti festinatione ad Lutatium consulem ac deinde Romam mittunt: orant pacem, quam condicionibus ante propositis ilico consequuntur.
Then the Carthaginians in headlong haste sent to the consul Lutatius and then to Rome: they begged for peace, which they at once obtained on the conditions proposed before.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage sued for peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.11.1 (CSEL 5:236; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.11.2CSEL 5:236
condiciones autem erant, ut Sicilia Sardiniaque decederent proque inpensis bellicis puri argenti tria milia talentum Euboicorum aequis pensionibus per annos uiginti penderent.
The conditions were that they should leave Sicily and Sardinia and, for the costs of the war, pay three thousand Euboic talents of pure silver in equal instalments over twenty years.
Notes and citation
Summary: The terms of peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.11.2 (CSEL 5:236; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.11.3CSEL 5:236
huius pacis condicio habita est post annum tertium et uicensimum, ex quo bellum Punicum primum fuerat inchoatum.
This peace was made after the twenty-third year from when the First Punic War had begun.
Notes and citation
Summary: The First Punic War lasted twenty-three years.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.11.3 (CSEL 5:236; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.11.4CSEL 5:236–237
Quis, rogo, duarum ciuitatum unum bellum per annos tres et uiginti gestum fando explicet, quot reges Carthaginiensium, quot consules Romanorum, quot agmina exercituum, quantum numerum nauium contraxerit profligarit oppresserit? et tunc demum, si illa ad plenum perpensa uideantur, de praesentibus iudicetur.
Who, I ask, could set out in speech one war of two cities waged for twenty-three years, how many kings of the Carthaginians, how many consuls of the Romans, how many columns of armies, what number of ships it brought together, routed and crushed? And only then, if those things seem fully weighed, let judgment be passed on the present.
Notes and citation
Summary: Weigh that war before judging the present.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): praesentibus indicetur → praesentibus iudicetur.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.11.4 (CSEL 5:236–237; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.11.5CSEL 5:237
Anno ab Vrbe condita DVII repentina subuersio ipsius Romae praeuenit triumphum Romanorum; neque enim temere dixerim, quando non uel modicam laetitiam Romae superueniens repente quam grauissimus luctus oppresserit. siquidem Q.
In the 507th year from the founding of the City a sudden overthrow of Rome itself forestalled the triumph of the Romans; for I may say without rashness that never did even a moderate joy come upon Rome without a very grievous mourning suddenly crushing it. For in the consulship of Quintus
Notes and citation
Summary: Disaster struck Rome before its triumph.
- The sentence continues in 4.11.6.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.11.5 (CSEL 5:237; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.11.6CSEL 5:237
Lutatio Catulo A. Manlio consulibus diuersae ignium aquarumque clades paene absumpsere Vrbem. nam Tiberis insolitis auctus imbribus et ultra opinionem uel diuturnitate uel magnitudine redundans omnia Romae aedificia in plano posita deleuit.
Lutatius Catulus and Aulus Manlius various disasters of fires and waters almost consumed the City. For the Tiber, swollen by unusual rains and overflowing beyond belief in both duration and size, destroyed all the buildings of Rome set on the level ground.
Notes and citation
Summary: A flood destroyed Rome's low-lying buildings.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.11.6 (CSEL 5:237; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.11.7CSEL 5:237
Diuersae qualitates locorum ad unam conuenere perniciem, quoniam et, quae segnior redundatio tenuit, madefacta dissoluit et, quae carens torrentis inuenit, inpulsa deiecit.
The different qualities of places came together to one ruin, since the slower flooding broke up, soaked, what it held, and the course of the torrent struck and threw down what it found.
Notes and citation
Summary: The flood destroyed in different ways.
- 'The course of the torrent' renders the sense of the garbled *carens torrentis*.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): qualitatee → qualitates.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.11.7 (CSEL 5:237; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.11.8CSEL 5:237
aquarum grauissimam cladem grauior ignis secuta uastatio est; qui ignis, incertum unde surrexerit, plurimas ciuitatis partes peruagatus cum hominum domorumque miserabilem stragem fecit tum etiam tantum opum uno consumpsit incendio quantum plurimae et peregrinae uictoriae conferre non possent.
The very grievous disaster of the waters was followed by a still graver devastation of fire; this fire, it is uncertain whence it arose, ranged through very many parts of the city and both caused a wretched slaughter of men and houses and consumed in one fire as much wealth as very many foreign victories could not bring in.
Notes and citation
Summary: A great fire followed the flood.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): granior → grauior; oiuitatis → ciuitatis; domoramque → domorumque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.11.8 (CSEL 5:237; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.11.9CSEL 5:237–238
dehinc cum omnia in circuitu fori popularetur, aedem Vestae corripuit, et ne sibi quidem dis subuenientibus ignem illum, qui aeternus putabatur, temporarius ignis oppressit; unde etiam Metellus, dum arsuros deos eripit, uix bracchio semiustilatus aufugit.
Then, while it was ravaging everything around the forum, it seized the temple of Vesta, and, the gods not even helping themselves, a temporary fire overwhelmed that fire which was thought eternal; whence too Metellus, while rescuing the gods about to burn, barely escaped with his arm half-burned.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fire burned the temple of Vesta.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): temporarias ignis → temporarius ignis.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.11.9 (CSEL 5:237–238; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.11.10CSEL 5:238
T. Sempronio Graccho C. Valerio Falcone consulibus cum Faliscis bellauere Romani, eoque proelio quindecim milia Faliscorum interfecta sunt.
In the consulship of Titus Sempronius Gracchus and Gaius Valerius Falco the Romans fought with the Falisci, and in that battle fifteen thousand Falisci were killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: War with the Falisci.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): consalibos → consulibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.11.10 (CSEL 5:238; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-11-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 4, chapter 12
4.12.1CSEL 5:238
eodem anno Galli Cisalpini noui exstitere hostes. aduersum quos uaria sorte bellatum est; nam in primo conflictu Valerio consule tria milia quingenti cecidere Romani, secundo quattuordecim milia Gallorum caesa, duo milia capta sunt, sed ob priorem cladem triumphus consuli denegatus est.
In the same year the Cisalpine Gauls emerged as new enemies, against whom war was waged with varying fortune; for in the first conflict, under the consul Valerius, three thousand five hundred Romans fell; in the second fourteen thousand Gauls were slain and two thousand captured, but because of the earlier disaster a triumph was denied the consul.
Notes and citation
Summary: War with the Cisalpine Gauls.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.1 (CSEL 5:238; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.2CSEL 5:238
T. Manlio Torquato C. Atilio Bubuloo consulibus Sardinia insula rebellauit auctoribus Poenis. unde mox Sardi subacti et oppressi sunt; Carthaginiensibus autem uiolatoribus pacis, quam ipsi poposcissent, inferri bellum decretum est.
In the consulship of Titus Manlius Torquatus and Gaius Atilius Bulbus the island of Sardinia rebelled at the instigation of the Carthaginians. So the Sardinians were soon subdued and crushed; and it was decreed that war be made on the Carthaginians as violators of the peace which they themselves had asked for.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sardinia rebelled and Rome threatened Carthage.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.2 (CSEL 5:238; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.3CSEL 5:238
contra Carthaginienses pacem suppliciter poposcerunt et cum bis missis legatis nihil profecissent, post etiam decem principibus bis aeque supplicantibus nec impetrarent, nouissime Hannonis, minimi hominis inter legatos, oratione meruerunt.
In reply the Carthaginians suppliantly asked for peace, and when they had achieved nothing by envoys sent twice, and afterwards ten leading men, likewise supplicating twice, did not obtain it, at last they earned it by the speech of Hanno, the least of the men among the envoys.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage obtained peace through Hanno.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.3 (CSEL 5:238; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.4CSEL 5:238–239
hoc anno porta Iani Gemini clausa est, quia nusquam eodem anno bellum erat; quod sub Numa solum Pompilio rege prouenerat
In this year the gate of Janus Geminus was closed, because nowhere in that year was there war; which had happened only under King Numa Pompilius.
Notes and citation
Summary: The gates of Janus were closed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.4 (CSEL 5:238–239; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.5CSEL 5:239
Hic demum nobis tacendum est et tempora, quibus conferri nostra nullo modo possunt, silentio transmitti expedit, ne obtrectatores dierum uitae suae ad insultandum potius sibi hoc strepitu suscitemus.
Here at last we must be silent, and it is expedient that times with which ours can in no way be compared be passed over in silence, lest by this din we rather rouse the detractors of the days of their own life to insult them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ironically, he says he must keep silent about this peace.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Hio demum → Hic demum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.5 (CSEL 5:239; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.6CSEL 5:239
ecce portae Iani clausae fuerunt, foris bellum Romanorum non fuit, omnem subolem suam in gremio suo conquiescentem Roma continens non suspirauit.
See, the gates of Janus were closed; there was no war of the Romans abroad; Rome, holding all its offspring resting in its lap, did not sigh.
Notes and citation
Summary: For once Rome was at peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.6 (CSEL 5:239; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.7CSEL 5:239
et hoc quando? post primum Punicum bellum; post quantum temporis? post annos CCCCXL; quamdiu? anno uno; et quid altero subsecutum est? ut de ceteris taceam, bellum Gallicum et Hannibal cum bello Punico secundo.
And when was this? After the First Punic War. After how much time? After 440 years. For how long? For one year. And what followed in the next? To say nothing of the rest, the Gallic war, and Hannibal with the Second Punic War.
Notes and citation
Summary: That peace lasted one year in 440.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.7 (CSEL 5:239; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.8CSEL 5:239
ei mihi, cognouisse haec et denudasse quam etiam me pudet pax ista unius anni uel magis umbra pacis lenimentum miseriarum an incentiuum malorum fuit? stilicidium istud olei in medium magnae flammae cadens extinxit fomitem tanti ignis an aluit? parum aquae frigidae ardentissimis haustum in febribus sanauit aegrotum an potius incendit?
Alas for me, for having known and laid bare these things, of which even I am ashamed: was that peace of one year, or rather shadow of peace, a soothing of miseries or an incitement of evils? Did that drop of oil falling into the middle of a great flame put out the kindling of so great a fire, or feed it? Did a little cold water drunk in the most burning fevers heal the sick man, or rather inflame him?
Notes and citation
Summary: That single year of peace only fed the fire.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): incendit.? → incendit?.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.8 (CSEL 5:239; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.9CSEL 5:239
per annos prope septingentos, id est ab Hostilio Tullo usque ad Caesarem Augustum, una tantummodo aestate Romana sanguinem uiscera non sudarunt, et inter plurimas magnorum saeculorum aetates misera ciuitas, uere misera mater, uix uno tempore a timore luctuum, ut non dicam ab ipsis luctibus, conquieuit.
For nearly seven hundred years, that is, from Tullus Hostilius to Caesar Augustus, only for one summer did the Roman vitals not sweat blood, and among the very many generations of great ages the wretched city, truly a wretched mother, scarcely at one time rested from fear of mourning, not to say from mourning itself.
Notes and citation
Summary: In seven hundred years Rome had peace for only one summer.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): septiogentos → septingentos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.9 (CSEL 5:239; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.10CSEL 5:239–240
hoc, si quisquam hominum tam parum in uita sua quietis habuisset, numquid uel uixisse diceretur? aut, si quisquam per totum annum doloribus et cruciatibus agatur, medio autem anni ipsius spatio unum tantum diem tranquillum et sine conflictationibus transigat, numquid ex eo leuamentum malorum accipiet ac non totum annum
If any man had had so little quiet in his life, would he even be said to have lived? Or if anyone were driven by pains and tortures through a whole year, but in the middle of that year spent only one day tranquil and without struggles, would he receive relief of his evils from it, and not count the whole year
Notes and citation
Summary: One quiet day does not redeem a year of torment.
- The sentence continues in 4.12.11.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.10 (CSEL 5:239–240; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.11CSEL 5:240
miseriis deputabit? sed illi, inquit, hunc annum pro glorioso signo infatigabilis uirtutis conlocauerunt. atque utinam pro obliuione calamitatis continuae praeterissent.
among his miseries? "But they," someone says, "set down this year as a glorious sign of untiring courage." And would that they had passed it over, so that the continual calamity might be forgotten.
Notes and citation
Summary: The historians boasted of that year.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): depatabitP → deputabit?.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.11 (CSEL 5:240; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.12CSEL 5:240
nam sicut in corpore hominis ita demum lepra dinoscitur, si uariatim inter sanas cutis partes color diuersus appareat, at si ita se ubique diffundat, ut omnia unius coloris quamuis adulteri faciat, perit illa discretio: ita si continuus labor aequali tolerantia sine respirandi appetitu perfluxisset, intentio uoluntatis et electio consuetudinis, diceretur.
For as in the body of a man leprosy is recognized only if a different colour appears here and there among sound parts of the skin, but if it spreads everywhere so as to make everything of one colour, however false, the distinction perishes: so, if continuous toil had flowed on with equal endurance without desire for respite, it would be called an intention of the will and a choice of habit.
Notes and citation
Summary: Unbroken toil would seem like a chosen way of life.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.12 (CSEL 5:240; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
4.12.13CSEL 5:240
cum autem in hoc pausillulum otii tantopere uel maiorum gaudia uel minorum studia reclinantur, profecto discernitur, et quam iucunditatem habuerit haec breuitas et quam amaritudinem illa prolixitas, hoc est, et quies illa quam grata fuisset, si diuturna mansisset, et haec incessabilis miseria quam etiam uitanda fuerit, si uitari quacumque potuisset.
But when the joys of the greater or the pursuits of the lesser rest so much on this tiny bit of leisure, surely it is discerned both what pleasantness this brevity had and what bitterness that length; that is, both how welcome that quiet would have been had it remained long, and how much this unceasing misery should have been avoided, had it been possible to avoid it in any way.
Notes and citation
Summary: The brief peace shows how bitter the long war was.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): cum antem → cum autem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 4.12.13 (CSEL 5:240; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/4-12-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).